JP2010027213A - Salinity difference power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To take out a large capacity of electrical energy and easily obtain optional high voltage with a compact system in a power generation system utilizing salinity difference between fresh water in rivers or the like and salt water in seas or the like, both of which exist almost infinitely. <P>SOLUTION: The system uses such a configuration that electric short-circuit through a water-supply channel and a water-discharge channel is prevented by falling fresh water and salt water as water drops respectively to utilize the insulation performance of air or by interposing a valve using a valve body, a valve seat and a valve box, all of which are made of an insulating material, and thereby, electric short-circuit between a plurality of cells generating unit electromotive force is prevented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a salt concentration difference power generation system (concentration cell system).

“Summary” in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-130617 and 2004-335313 includes the following description. “The concentrated seawater discharge pipe 7 of the seawater desalination facility 1 is connected to the concentrated seawater supply manifold 18 of the concentration battery 8. The seawater supply pipe 3 a branched from the seawater introduction pipe 3 of the seawater desalination facility 1 is connected to the concentration battery 8. Connected to the seawater supply manifold 20. Concentrated seawater 6 and seawater 2 are allowed to flow alternately between the cation exchange membranes 10 and the anion exchange membranes 11 arranged alternately in the concentration cell 8, so that power generation is performed. As a result, the chemical energy of the concentrated seawater 6 is converted into electric energy so that the energy can be used effectively. " The “summary” in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2001-375185 and 2003-176775 includes the following description. “Dilute water, such as seawater or fresh water with a lower concentration than this, is permeated through the semipermeable membrane into the concentrated seawater generated simultaneously with desalination of seawater using reverse osmosis pressure in the seawater desalination apparatus 2. Then, the flow rate on the concentrated seawater side is increased by the forward osmotic pressure energy, and the water current generator 26 is driven at the increased flow rate to generate electric power. On February 6, 2008, the Internet “Site piano.chem.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp/Membrane/chap-5/Chap5-j.html-Cash → [piano.chem.yamaguchi-u.ac. The contents of jp / index2.html.] include the following: “Concentration cell diagram Schematic diagram of concentration cell using seawater and river water. A and C indicate anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane, respectively. When making salt from seawater, seawater and fresh water can be obtained by applying seawater between the cation and anion exchange membrane and applying voltage. As shown in the figure, Na ions and chloride ions diffuse in opposite directions, causing an electromotive force between the electrodes, which is called a concentration cell. An output of 1.2 W per 1 m2 of positive and negative ion exchange membranes can be obtained. "

In addition to the above references, an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane are arranged in parallel on the left and right, salt water such as seawater is put in the gap, and fresh water is put outside both the exchange membranes. The electrode placed in fresh water is the cathode, the electrode placed on the right side of the cation exchange membrane is the anode, and if both electrodes are connected by an electric wire passing outside, an electromotive force of about 1 V (volt) from the anode to the cathode It is known that the current due to.
There is a large amount of salt water in the vast ocean on the earth. In addition, there is a large amount of fresh water in rivers produced by enormous solar energy flowing into the ocean, and even if 1% of the fresh water can be used in such a power generation system, enormous power will be obtained. Since a large amount of electric power can be produced without producing carbon dioxide, the place that contributes to the reduction of global warming is significant.
However, a unit that generates a unit electromotive force composed of one cell as described above can obtain only a small amount of power (although development of an inexpensive and high-performance ion exchange membrane is very important).
Therefore, it is necessary to make a parallel cell in which a large number of cells are gathered in a compact manner.
However, in a unit that puts a large number of cells in one container and outputs only unit electromotive force connected in parallel, only an output voltage of about 1 V can be obtained. Even so, the energy conversion efficiency does not necessarily increase.
Therefore, it is desirable to obtain an output of about several tens to several hundreds V by connecting in series.
When connected in series, if water is supplied to multiple cells or units using each of the 1-system fresh water pipes and salt water pipes, even if plastic pipes are used, the output between each cell and between units The voltage is short-circuited (electrically short-circuited / short-circuited) through the water in the water supply path, and series connection cannot be realized.
Similarly, the waste water from each unit is short-circuited through each waste water if one fresh water discharge pipe and one salt water discharge pipe are used.
Even when a large number of parallel cells are provided compactly in one container, a short circuit may occur through the water supply pipe and the drain pipe.

Each anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane face each other, a salt water flowing space is formed between the two ion exchange membranes, and a fresh water flowing space is provided in contact with the outer surface of each ion exchange membrane. In a system in which a large number of salinity-difference power generation cells that generate unit electromotive force between layers are connected in parallel or in series to obtain a large output, a water supply path that supplies fresh water or salt water to each downstream space, other than showing an equipotential during operation Primary side (water supply side) and secondary side that interpose a gas layer, which is an electrical insulator in the drip drop space, or intermittently open / close, to prevent electrical short circuit between the respective flowing-down spaces The main point is to solve the problem by a salinity-difference power generation system in which an electrically driven valve is interposed between the (drainage side) and an electrically driven material (insulator).
Note that a gas layer such as an air layer that is intermittently falling has a withstand voltage (dielectric breakdown voltage) of about 30,000 volts per 10 mm to prevent a short circuit.
In addition, the electrically driven valve includes an electromagnetic valve, an electric valve that drives a valve body with an electric motor, a piezo valve that is driven with a piezoelectric body, and the like.

By carrying out the present invention, a large-capacity salinity-difference power generation system (concentration cell) in which a large number of unit electromotive force generating units of a salinity-difference power generation system are connected in parallel or in series can be obtained. There is an advantage that a large amount of renewable electric power using fresh water and seawater can be obtained with little environmental pollution.
In addition, power generation using the temperature difference between fresh water and salt water entering the system and power generation using the osmotic pressure difference between the two waters after leaving the system can be performed, so that highly efficient power generation is possible.
In addition, a ship that effectively uses the output power, its propulsion device, seismic exploration system, dredging device, and the like can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a salinity-difference power generation system using a series battery stack unit in which two cells are connected in series in a single container according to the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 denotes an insulating container having a length of about several tens of centimeters to several meters made of plastic, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), metal whose surface is insulated and coated.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a fresh water supply pipe connected to a front water supply pump (not shown) to form an insulating container.
3 is an electromagnetic valve that is connected to the rear end and electrically insulates the water supply side and the drainage side by using an insulating valve body.
Reference numeral 4 denotes a rectangular fresh water supply tube that is connected to the front of the insulating container 1 at the lower end.
5 is an ultrasonic water level meter attached to the upper wall.
6 is a vent hole opened in the upper wall.
7 is a salt water supply pipe connected to a pump (not shown).
8 is the same solenoid valve as 3 connected to it.
9 is a salt water supply tube that continues to the rear of the insulating container 1.
10 is an ultrasonic water level meter.
11 is a vent hole.
The supply pipes 2 and 7 and the electromagnetic valves 3 and 8 may be connected to the upper ends of the cylinders 4 and 9.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a waste fresh water discharge pipe protruding from the front lower part of the left wall of the insulating container 1.
13 is a waste salt water discharge pipe protruding in the lower rear part.
Reference numeral 14 denotes a negative conductive wire protruding from the left surface of the insulating container 1. (Negative electrode / lead wire)
Reference numeral 15 denotes a protrusion formed by cutting a female screw protruding forward from the right end of the insulating container 1.
16 is a similar protrusion protruding backward.

Reference numeral 17 denotes an insulating lid fitted at the right end of the insulating container 1.
Reference numeral 18 denotes a projection having a cylindrical hole projecting forward from its right end.
Reference numeral 19 denotes a bolt which is passed through the screw and screwed into the protrusion 15 to press the objects in the lid and the container to the left.
20 is a protrusion protruding rearward.
21 is a bolt which is passed through it, screwed into the protrusion 16, and pushes the lid and the like to the left.
22 is a plus-side conductive wire that penetrates the lid 17 and protrudes to the right.

FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view immediately below the upper wall of the insulating container 1.
Reference numeral 23 denotes an insulating container 1 made of an insulator made of a square (frame) plastic surrounding the square electrode plate 36 connected to the right end of the conductive wire 14, hard synthetic rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, or the like. Drip device forming frame with electrode plate in contact with the right side of the left wall. (It may be made of a water-repellent material, or the surface may be covered with a water-repellent material. When the inner surfaces of the front and rear walls of the container 1 are covered with a water-tight rubber film, the front portion of the frame And the rear part may be removed.)
Reference numeral 24 denotes a drip device forming frame with an anion exchange membrane, which is made of the same material in contact with the right side and surrounds the upper and lower sides of the anion exchange membrane 37.
Reference numeral 25 denotes a cation exchange membrane-attached drip device forming frame that is in contact with the right side and is made of the same material and surrounds the cation exchange membrane 39.
26 is a frame for forming an infusion device with an anion exchange membrane of the same material and structure as 24.
27 is a frame for forming an infusion device with a cation exchange membrane having the same material and structure as 25 on the right side.
Reference numeral 28 denotes a drip device forming frame which is in contact with the right surface of the frame 26 and has the same material and has substantially the same structure and surrounds the electrode plate 41.
Reference numeral 29 denotes a fresh water supply groove that is formed by a continuous U-shaped notch provided in the upper edge front portion of each of the frames 23 to 28 that are in close contact with each other and that is continuous to the lower end of the fresh water supply tube 4.
Numerals 30 to 32 are arranged in the front and back of the bottom wall, the upper mouth is a quadrangle, and the lower mouth is a funnel shape that is a thin cylindrical tube, the right side of the frame 23 and the inspection surface of 24, the right side of 25 A fresh water drip nozzle in which a recess (indentation) immediately below the notch in the upper left and right sides of 27 and 26, the right side of 27 and the left side of 28 is formed.
33 is a salt water supply groove that is formed by a continuous notch provided at the rear edge of the upper edge of each of the frames 23 to 28 and that is long on the left and right and that is continuous with the lower end of the salt water supply tube 9.
34 to 35 are arranged in a large number in the front and rear of the bottom surface, the upper mouth is a quadrangle, and the lower mouth is a funnel shape that is a thin cylindrical tube, the right side of the frame 24, the 25 side inspection surface, and the right side of 26 27. A salt water drip nozzle in which a recess (indentation) just below a notch at the upper rear of the left surface of 27 is formed by combining left and right.
In practice, several dozens to several thousands of frames for forming an infusion device with an anion / cation exchange membrane such as 24 to 27 are arranged.
In addition, several tens to several thousands of fresh water drip nozzles and salt water drip nozzles may be arranged in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal front view of the container 1 at the position of the fresh water supply cylinder 4.
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view at a height approximately at the center of the container 1.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal left side view of the left side of the frame 24 at a position slightly to the right.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal left side view of the left surface of the frame 25 at a position slightly to the right.

Reference numeral 36 denotes a metal negative electrode plate (cathode plate) that is connected to the right end of the conductive wire 14 and is in the frame 23.
This may be made of carbon, carbon-plated metal, gold-plated copper plate, a plate in which a plastic film whose surface is carbon-plated is bent downward at the center, a corrosion-resistant alloy plate, or other conductive material.
36B protrudes from the right surface thereof, and the right end is in contact with the anion exchange membrane 37. As shown in FIG. 5 and the like, there are three upper and lower parts, the upper and lower stages have a short rear end, the middle stage has a front end. A spacer for forming a fresh water flow space which is short and forms a zigzag fresh water flow space 48 above and below and between them. (Only the right end may be covered with a circle, or the whole may be made of plastic. The number may be four or more.)
This material may be the same as that of the electrode plate 36, but may be a metal having an insulating coating on the entire surface or a plastic. The electrode plate 36 may be made of a metal foil, pressed from the left surface to the right with a mold, press-molded, and protruded.
37 to 38 are anion exchange membranes similar to those used for electric salt production.
39 to 40 are cation exchange membranes similar to those used for electric salt production.
Reference numeral 41 denotes a metal positive electrode plate (anode plate) similar to 36 that is connected to the left end of the conductive wire 22 and is housed in the frame 28. (There is a protrusion for forming a fresh water flow path on the left side.)
41A is a spacer protruding to the left.
Reference numerals 42 to 44 denote fresh water drip dropping spaces which are provided below the fresh water drip nozzles 30 to 32 and are surrounded by lower portions of the nozzle forming members (frame materials).
45 is a metallic conductive partition that partitions a freshwater flow-down space 49 below the central freshwater drip drop space 43 into left and right.
45A is a spacer that forms the fresh water flow path forming action similar to 36B protruding on the left side.
45B is a spacer protruding on the right side.
Reference numerals 46 to 47 denote partition walls made of a plastic net or the like for forming a salt water flowing space inserted between the anion exchange membrane 37 and the cation exchange membrane 39 below the salt water drip dropping space. (It may be made of the same material as the frames 24 and 26, and has a net-like structure composed of thin warps and thick wefts attached to the periphery of the frame, and this partition may be molded together with the frame.)
46A to 47A are a number of spacers protruding from the left side of them.
46B to 47B are spacers protruding on the right side.
Reference numerals 48 to 50 denote fresh water flow down spaces 51 to 52 connected to the lower ends of the fresh water drip drop spaces 42 to 44. Reference symbols 51 to 52 denote salt water flow down spaces connected to the salt water drip drop spaces below the salt water drip nozzles 34 to 35.

53 is a fresh water level detection electrode provided in the rear upper part of the fresh water flow-down space 48 as shown in FIG. (It has a structure in which two small metal electrodes exist through an insulating plate.)
Reference numerals 54 to 56 denote waste fresh water drip nozzles provided at the front lower end of the fresh water flow-down space.
57-59 is the waste freshwater drip drop space below it.
Reference numeral 60 denotes a waste fresh water discharge groove formed from a series of notches at the front lower edges of the frames 23 to 28 connected to the lower ends thereof.
61 is a salt water drip falling space below the salt water drip nozzle 34.
65 is a salt water level detection electrode provided in the front upper part.
66 is a waste salt water drip nozzle at the rear lower end of the salt water flowing space.
68 is a waste saline drip falling space below.
70 is a waste saltwater discharge groove connected to the lower end thereof.

Next, the operation of this system controlled by a computer (not shown) will be described.
Fresh water sampled from a water source such as a river (not shown), filtered, purified and appropriately pressurized is supplied to the fresh water supply pipe 2, and seawater is also purified and supplied to the salt water supply pipe 7.
Under the control of the computer, if the ultrasonic water level gauges 5 and 10 detect that the water level in the fresh water supply pipes 4 and 9 is below the set value, the electromagnetic valves 3 or 8 are opened and closed to Always keep the water level at the set value.
In that case, the air in a cylinder goes out through the vent holes 6 and 11, and an external danger enters inside.
The fresh water in the fresh water supply cylinder 4 is filled in the fresh water supply groove 29 at the front upper part in the lower insulating container 1 at a water pressure determined by the water level.
The fresh water becomes water droplets formed by the surface tension of the water itself from the lower ends of the fresh water drip nozzles 30 to 32, and drops one by one intermittently in the air that is an insulator of the fresh water drip drop spaces 42 to 44. It will fall. (This drip rate is determined by the diameter of the nozzle lower end, the water depth reaching the nozzle lower end, the viscosity of water, the shape of the inner surface of the nozzle, etc.)
Thereby, the water in the fresh water supply groove 29 and the water stored below the drip drop space are electrically insulated, and each of the fresh water flow-down spaces 48 to 50 is short-circuited through the water in the fresh water supply groove 29. Is prevented. (If the freshwater drip spaces 42 to 44 are filled with water, they are short-circuited and the three potentials become equal.)

Fresh water that has entered the fresh water flow-down spaces 48 to 50 from within the fresh water drip drop spaces 42 to 44 enters the space above the top of each of the three spacers 36B, 45A, 45B, and 41A. → Front → Down → Back → Down → Go along the previous path, enter the front and lower waste fresh water drip nozzles 54 to 56, become water droplets, fall in the air in the waste fresh water fall space 57 to 59 below, and waste It enters into the fresh water discharge groove 60 and passes through the waste fresh water discharge pipe 12 to the outside.
At that time, the water in the fresh water flowing space 48 to 50 and the water in the waste fresh water discharge groove 60 are electrically insulated, and a short circuit between the fresh water flowing spaces 48 to 50 is prevented.

The diameter of the lower end of the waste fresh water drip nozzles 54 to 56 is made slightly smaller than that of the fresh water drip nozzles 30 to 32, or the number of nozzles is made smaller. Accumulate.
If the water level becomes too high, the water surface comes into contact with the water level detection electrode 53, and the computer lowers the detection setting value of the ultrasonic water level gauge 5, reduces the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 3, and reduces the inside of the fresh water supply cylinder 4 The water level of the fresh water drip nozzles 30 to 32 is reduced. (The size of a single water droplet is almost governed by the diameter of the lower end of the nozzle and is not affected by water pressure, but the frequency of infusion is affected by water pressure.)
The water level in the fresh water supply tube 4 may be controlled by closing the electromagnetic valve 3 when the water surface comes into contact with the fresh water level detection electrode 53.

On the other hand, the salt water in the salt water supply tube 9 also enters the salt water supply groove 33, falls as water droplets from the salt water drip nozzles 34 to 35, enters the salt water flowing spaces 51 to 52, and enters the spacers 46A, 46B, 47A, 47B. Then, front → bottom → back → bottom → front → bottom → back, through the waste salt water drip nozzle 66, waste salt water drop space 68, etc., enter the waste salt water discharge groove 70, pass through the salt water discharge pipe 13, and externally. It is done.
Also in this case, due to the electrical insulation action of the air in each drip drop space, a short circuit between the salt water flow-down spaces 51 and 52 through the salt water in the salt water supply groove 33 and the salt water in the waste salt water discharge groove 70 is prevented. .

  When the water level of the salt water flow-down spaces 51 to 52 becomes high, the water surface comes into contact with the salt water level detection electrode 65, the detection current flows to the computer, the water level detection set value of the ultrasonic water level meter 10 is set low, and the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened. Time is reduced, the water level is lowered, and the infusion frequency of the salt water infusion nozzles 34-35 is reduced.

In the above example, the fresh water supply groove 29, the salt water supply groove 33, and the like are formed by the continuous cutouts on the upper edges of the frames 23 to 28. Grooves 29 and 33 may be formed by an object that hangs down from the upper wall, instead of the protruding portion, or by bulging the upper wall of the container 1 in a groove shape.
The lower waste fresh water discharge groove 60 and the waste salt water discharge groove 70 may be formed in the same manner.
Each drip nozzle and the drip drop space below it may be made of a fluororesin or other highly water repellent material, or the surface may be covered with a water repellent material.

Next, the electrical action when the minus side conductive wire 14 and the plus side conductive wire 22 are connected through the electric wire outside the container 1 will be described.
In this case, the anion is represented by chloride ion (chlorine ion), and the cation is represented by sodium ion.
In practice, an inverter is often inserted between the conductive wires 14 and 22 to increase the pressure, convert it into alternating current, and supply it to the power transmission line.
Anions such as chloride ions stored in the saltwater flow-down space 51 pass through the anion exchange membrane 37, enter the left freshwater flow space 48, and pass through the cation exchange membrane 39. And the like enter the fresh water flow space 49 on the right side, and the current due to the ion flow flows from the fresh water flow space 49 to the fresh water flow space 48.
As a result, a single electromotive force unit (cell) is formed between the negative electrode plate 36 and the conductive partition wall 45, and a potential difference (electromotive force) of about 1 V is generated between them.
Also, the anions in the salt water in the salt water flow-down space 52 enter the left fresh water flow space 49, and the cations that have passed through the cation exchange membrane 40 enter the right fresh water flow space 50 to generate one occurrence. A power unit is formed, and a potential difference (electromotive force) of about 1 V is generated between the conductive partition wall 45 and the positive electrode plate 41.
Since both units (cells) are connected in series, a potential difference (electromotive force) of about 2 V is generated between the negative electrode plate 36 and the positive electrode plate 41, that is, between the conductive wires 14 and 22. become.
If the potential of the electrode plate 36 (fresh water flow space 48) is 0V, the salt water flow space 51 is about 0.5V, the conductive partition wall 45 is about 1v, the salt water flow space 52 is about 1.5V, and the positive electrode plate 41 is , About 2V.

If one insulating container 1 is extended to the right and a large number of such units (cells) are provided therein, the unit electromotive force generated in each unit is doubled by the number of units (cells). become.
Since it is possible to form one unit (cell) between about 1 to 2 mm in the lateral width, an electromotive force of several thousand volts and tens of thousands of volts can be obtained with one insulating container 1. .

In addition, in the case of providing a large number of series cells in each container 1 so that a high voltage can be taken
The arrangement of fresh water (fresh water layer), partition wall (conductive partition wall), negative membrane (anion exchange membrane), salt water (salt water layer), positive membrane (cation exchange membrane), etc. is as follows, for example.
------------------------
Cathode → fresh water → negative membrane → salt water → positive membrane → fresh water → septum → fresh water → negative membrane → salt water → positive membrane → fresh water → septum → fresh water → negative membrane → salt water → positive membrane → fresh water → septum → fresh water → negative membrane → salt water → Positive membrane → Freshwater → Separate → Freshwater → Inverted membrane → Positive membrane → Freshwater → Separate → Freshwater → Intimate membrane → Saltwater → Positive membrane → Freshwater → Separate → Freshwater → Separate …… → Freshwater → Anode −−−−− --------------------

The left side of each partition in the above table is a fresh water layer that can generate chlorine (or chlorine gas), which is called the chlorine region (anion diffusion fresh water flow space), and the right side generates hydrogen (or hydrogen gas). This is a freshwater layer that has the potential to be called a hydrogen region (a cation diffusion freshwater flow space).
The fresh water supply groove 29 described in FIG. 2 and others is divided into two front and rear, and the fresh water that has entered the former passes through the drip nozzle connected only to it, enters the chlorine region, and the fresh water that enters the latter passes through a dedicated nozzle, It may be easy to separate the two gases by entering the hydrogen region.
The waste fresh water discharge groove 60 is also divided into front and rear, and waste fresh water in the chlorine region may flow to the former, and waste fresh water in the hydrogen region may flow to the latter.

  Chlorine wastewater is low in chlorine, hydrogen wastewater is rich in sodium, and if a large amount of both water flows into the sea, the seawater becomes inclined to alkalinity. Therefore, it is necessary to add the recovered chlorine gas to waste water.

The conductive partition wall 45 is provided for easy consideration and for generating chlorine gas on the left side and for obtaining hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide on the right side. Also, an insulator net having only a spacer function may be used.
When the outside of the voltaic battery or the like is connected by a conductive wire, the current flows from the anode to the cathode. Conversely, inside the battery, the cation of zinc moves from the zinc plate of the cathode to the copper plate of the anode.
Similarly, the cation emitted to the right side from the cation exchange membranes 39 to 40 moves from the negative electrode plate 36 side to the positive electrode plate 41 side and is connected to the positive electrode plate 41 outside the container 1 by a wire. A current flows from the conductive wire 22 to the negative conductive wire 14 through the electric wire. (The electron flow is the opposite.)

As described above, an electrical short circuit between each falling space is prevented by the insulating action of air in each drip dropping space. However, a large number of insulating containers including many such units are provided, and Even higher voltages can be obtained by connecting the conductive lines in series.
At that time, each of the fresh water supply pipe and the salt water supply pipe is branched to supply water. However, when a high voltage is applied, even if a short circuit does not occur in one container, if a large number of containers are connected, drip Since dielectric breakdown of the air in the fall space can occur, it is desirable to make the electrovalve valves 3 and 8 electrically insulating as in the previous operation.
However, if the vertical length of each drip drop space is made sufficiently large, the pressure resistance is proportionally increased.

  If the power consumption increases and a large amount of current flows through the conductive wires 36 and 41, the movement of ions in the saltwater flowing spaces 51 and 52 also increases, and the salinity concentration in these spaces decreases, resulting in the conduction of electricity. Although the potential difference between the lines 36 and 41 decreases, it is always measured with a potential difference detector. If the potential difference decreases, the frequency of opening the solenoid valves 3 and 8 increases under the control of the computer, The amount of dripping may be increased.

The flow path of water in each flow-down space can be a zigzag path that traces up and down, or can be designed to flow along the entire front-back width almost simultaneously, or any other design.
In order to allow the generated gas to escape quickly, the vertical width of each flow-down space is reduced and gas is allowed to pass but water is not allowed to pass through. Only one spacer, which is shortened, may be used so that the water flows down through the u-shaped channel.
The spacer to be inserted into the fresh water and salt water flow-down space is made of a net made by laminating and fusing a group of plastic thin wires of about 1 mm diameter running from the front upper part to the rear lower part and a group of plastic thin wires running in the opposite direction, The waste fresh water drip nozzles 54 to 56, the waste fresh water discharge groove 60 and the like may be provided on the rear lower side, and the waste salt water dropping nozzle 66, the waste salt water discharge groove 70 and the like may be provided on the front lower side.

In addition, the container 1 and each frame are spread back and forth, and a little forward from the lower end of the freshwater flow space 48 to 50, and connected to a route that rises to a position slightly lower than the height of the top of each flow space, Furthermore, it extends a little forward and bends further downward to form a 7-shaped individual flow path. A waste fresh water drip nozzle 54 to 56 and a waste drip drop space 57 to 59 are provided immediately below the flow path. You may make it continue.
Similarly, a waste water drop drip nozzle or the like located at the rear upper part in the container 1 may be provided by connecting a flow path bent in a seven-letter shape from the lowermost end of the salt water lowering spaces 51 to 52.
In those cases, the water level in the flow-down space is defined by the height of the highest point of the flow path substantially upward.

Chloride ions that have passed through the anion exchange membrane 37 and entered the fresh water flow-down space 48 receive electrons in the negative electrode plate 36 to become arsenic atoms / molecules, and most of them are dissolved in water.
Chloride ions that have passed through the anion exchange membrane 38 and entered the fresh water flow space 49 come into contact with the conductive partition 45 where the sodium cation that has passed through the cation exchange membrane 39 to the right is in contact with chlorine ions / molecules. And many dissolve in water.
Since the substance dissolved in water enters the waste fresh water discharge pipe 12, it may be led to an air / water separation tank (not shown) to collect chlorine gas.
Some of them are vaporized and enter the fresh water drip drop spaces 42 to 43, so that although not shown, the front of the fresh water supply groove 29 passes through a small exhaust pipe made of a groove recess in the frame provided in the upper part of these spaces. It is made to take out out of the container 1 through the gas exhaust groove which consists of the notch of the frames 23-28 provided in this, and the collection of the through-hole of the left-right direction. (It may be sucked with a pump.)
However, when the conductive partition wall 45 is omitted, both ions are paired to form sodium chloride and dissolve only in water.

For the purpose of resource recovery, the conductive partition wall 45 is a sealed plate, the water containing sodium hydroxide on the left side and the water containing chlorine on the right side are led to separate waste fresh water passages, and outside the container 1 It may be taken out.
In order to extract a large amount of hydrogen gas or chlorine gas, the voltage generated by another device may be applied in parallel or in series to the negative side conductive wire 14 and the positive side conductive wire 22 to add energy.

Sodium ions entering the left half of the fresh water flow space 49 on the right side of the cation exchange membrane 39 are in contact with the conductive partition wall 45 in contact with chloride ions on the right side, receive electrons, and become sodium atoms. Reacts with water to generate hydrogen gas, becoming sodium hydroxide.
Sodium ions that enter the fresh water flow space 50 on the right side of the cation exchange membrane 40 also receive electrons from the positive electrode plate 41, become sodium atoms, react with water, become sodium hydroxide, and generate hydrogen gas. To do. (It may be said that a part of water molecules surrounding the sodium ion first receives electrons to generate hydrogen gas, and the hydroxide ion generated at the same time is paired with the sodium ion.)
Since some of these gases enter the waste fresh water discharge pipe 12 while being dissolved in water, hydrogen gas may be recovered in the steam separation tank.
Since the hydrogen gas enters the fresh water drip drop space 43 generated on the right side of the conductive partition wall 45 together with the chlorine gas, the hydrogen gas is guided to the recovery pipe or a fresh water drip nozzle provided separately on the left and right sides of the conductive partition wall 45. Fresh water that has passed through the drip drop space is allowed to enter, and only chlorine gas and hydrogen gas can be recovered.
Sodium ions that have entered the freshwater flow space 50 receive electrons from the positive electrode plate 41, become sodium atoms, react with water to form sodium hydroxide, generate hydrogen gas, and partly dissolve in water. The waste fresh water discharge pipe 12 is entered and the other part enters the fresh water drip drop space 44 and is led out of the container 1 through a gas exhaust pipe (not shown).
However, since chloride ions and sodium ions are reduced in an equal amount in the saltwater flow spaces 51 to 52, no gas is generated.

  In each drip fall space, there are always gases such as nitrogen and oxygen from the atmosphere dissolved in fresh water and salt water, and chlorine and hydrogen generated in operation. However, the fresh water supply pipe 2 and the salt water supply pipe 7 Air may be blown into the water to be sent in advance with a pump so as to be dissolved to near the saturation limit, and vaporized in the drip drop space.

In the above example, each drip nozzle is formed of an assembly of frames 23 to 28, but fresh water drip nozzles 30 to 32 provided on the upper edges of the frames 23 to 28, drip drop spaces 42 to 44 directly below, and salt water The drip nozzles 34 to 35 and the salt water drip dropping space immediately below the drip nozzles 34 are deleted and omitted, and a drip nozzle container in contact with the lower surface of the upper wall of the container 1 is placed.
It is a shallow plastic box divided in the front and back, and a lot of funnel-shaped drip nozzles are formed on the bottom wall, and a slit parallel to the film surface that protrudes downward from the bottom surface covered with a water-repellent material on the bottom wall. A drip drop space composed of a tube having a (slit / slit-like through hole) -shaped inner space is formed of the same material, and is brought into contact with the upper edge of the fresh water flow space 48 to 50 or the salt water flow space 51 to 52, A similar waste fresh water nozzle container may be attached to the lower part of each downflow space, and the waste fresh water drip nozzles 54 to 56 and the like may be omitted.
At that time, the number of tubes for forming the drip drop space on the lower surface of the nozzle container may be reduced, and the horizontal cover range of each tube may be expanded to the left or right, or all the tubes may be omitted.
In such a case, the upper edge of each frame or the like with which the water droplet first contacts is made a blade shape so that the water droplet does not scatter.

The bottom edge of the tube for forming the drip drop space on the lower surface of the nozzle container and the upper edge of the flow space may be inconsistent depending on the tightening boundary of the bolts 19, 21, etc. It is also possible to prevent the discrepancy by selecting a proper value for the tightening strength.
Also, for example, a plastic film tape with a width of 50 mm is applied to the top and bottom of a mesh woven gently with plastic thin wires with a 1 m square at the top and bottom x front and back by heating and pressing from the left and right, and a razor of 0.2 mm thickness In such a net for fresh water, a plastic sheet or silicone with a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 1 mm is formed on the front and rear edges, and the upper and lower edges of the upper and lower edges. Attaching a rubber sheet, and in order to prevent the water droplets falling on the upper end of the second half part from scattering, the upper edge is bent into a triangular shape, and it becomes a blade shape of a knife (may be a needle row) A frame with a spacer for fresh water may be formed. (The surface may be coated with a hydrophilic substance so that water adheres well to the knife, and conversely, the surface may be coated with a water-repellent substance so that the water droplets are cut cleanly.)
In the frame with a spacer for salt water, a plastic sheet or silicone rubber with a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 1 mm is attached to the front and rear edges of the net with a 0.2 mm thick frame, and the upper half and the front half of the rear edge. Affix the sheet from the left and right sides, and make the top edge like a knife blade.
A large number of both frames are alternately arranged in parallel to form an assembly in which 1 m square anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes are alternately inserted between the frames.
The bottom of the drip nozzle container is positioned at a height of about 100 mm above the assembly, and a large number of fresh water drops fall on the front half, with fresh water spacers from each opening on the front half of the assembly. The salt water droplets may enter the frame and enter the frame with the salt water spacer from the opening in the latter half.
For example, even if a drop of fresh water drops on the front half of the frame with the salt water spacer due to the shaking of the container 1, it is torn to the left and right at the blade-like part and enters the right and left fresh water spacers. Become.

  Fresh water or ordinary seawater may be supplied from the fresh water supply pipe 2, and high-concentration salt water produced as a by-product of seawater desalination may be supplied from the salt water supply pipe 7.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an embodiment in which a plurality of units in which a large number of cells are connected in parallel are connected in series without using an infusion nozzle as in the previous example.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view at the height of the curved portion of the seven-shaped drain pipe.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal front view of the fresh water supply pipe 72.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal left side view of the fresh water supply pipe 72.

71 is a water supply container made of an electrically insulating material whose bottom surface is covered with a water repellent material.
72 is a fresh water supply pipe provided in the front upper part of the upper surface.
73 is a salt water supply pipe on the right rear side.
74 is an electric valve driving device with a built-in stepping motor provided on the upper surface.
75 is a rack that meshes with the pinion inside.
76 is a drive plate connected to the right end.
Reference numerals 77 to 78 denote valve bodies made of an insulating material that are connected to the front lower end and the rear lower end and penetrate the water supply container 71 from side to side.
79 to 80 are parallel units that output only unit electromotive force in which two cells are connected in parallel and stored in each container in the same structure, placed under the water supply container 71.
Reference numerals 81 to 82 denote negative conductive wires protruding rearward of each unit.
83 to 84 are positive conductive wires projecting to the right of each.
Reference numeral 85 denotes a connecting conductive wire that connects the positive conductive wire of the unit 79 and the negative conductive wire of the unit 80.
86A-87A is a 7-shaped chlorinated wastewater discharge pipe, with a 7-shaped shape seen from the side provided on the front of each unit. (Also has water level regulation and function as an infusion nozzle.)
86B to 87B are 7-shaped pipes of hydrogen zone waste freshwater discharge to the right of each of them.
Nos. 88 to 89 are waste salt water discharge 7-shaped pipes provided to the right of each.
86AC to 89c are water droplet detection electrodes provided at the dropping points of waste fresh water and waste salt water.

Reference numeral 90 denotes a fresh water supply cavity in the first half of the water supply container 71.
91A to 91B are fresh water supply through holes (on the unit 79) in the salt water area and hydrogen area on the left side of the bottom wall.
92A to 92B are through holes for supplying fresh water to the right saltwater area and hydrogen area (to unit 80).
93 </ b> A to 93 </ b> B are left and right through holes provided in the valve body 77.
94 is a salt water supply cavity in the latter half of the water supply container 71.
The bottom wall has a through hole connected to the salt water supply grooves of the units 79 to 80, and the valve body 78 on the bottom wall also has a through hole, which is not shown.
Also, the description of the reference numerals of the respective parts in the unit 80 is almost omitted.
The water supply container 71 can be regarded as a valve box of an electric valve, and its bottom wall as a valve seat.

Reference numerals 95 to 99 denote frames made of an insulating material that surround the electrode plate, the ion exchange membrane, and the like and are lined up afterwards.
100A is a chlorine region (anion diffusion) fresh water supply groove that runs forward and backward consisting of a series of notches in the upper left part. (As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, there is a through-hole in the bottom of the slit 95 (rectangular in the figure) formed by a recess in the upper rear surface of the frames 95 and 99. (It can also be regarded as an extension of the bottom through hole.)
100B is a hydrogen region (cation diffusion) fresh water supply groove on the right side. (On its bottom surface, there is a slit-like through hole made of a recess on the rear surface of the upper portion of the frame 97.)
100 c is a chlorine region fresh water supply groove of the unit 80.
100D is the hydrogen fresh water supply groove on the right side.
101A to 101B are salt water supply grooves in the upper right part of the units 79 to 80.
102A is a chlorine area waste freshwater discharge groove in the lower left part of the unit 79.
102B is a hydrogen zone waste freshwater discharge groove on the right side.
103 is a waste saltwater drain on the right side.
Reference numerals 104 to 105 denote negative electrode plates (cathode plates) for parallel connection, which are surrounded by the frames 95 and 99 and through which a negative conductive wire 81 penetrates at the protruding portion at the upper left corner. (Only the upper left part through which the negative conductive wire passes is made of a metal plate, and the other parts connected to it are made of a carbon fiber or corrosion-resistant metal mesh on the front and rear surfaces of a meshed foam resin plate, plastic wool, or glass wool. (It may be made by pasting a non-woven fabric, etc.)
Reference numeral 106 denotes a positive electrode plate (anode plate) through which the positive conductive wire 83 penetrates the protruding portion in the upper right corner surrounded by the frame 97.
107A to 107B are chlorine / hydrogen region waste freshwater discharge grooves in the lower left part of the unit 80.
108 is a waste saltwater drain on the right side.
109 to 110 are anion exchange membranes surrounded by a frame 96 and 99.
Reference numerals 111 to 112 denote cation exchange membranes surrounded by a frame 97 and 98.

(1) Fresh water is supplied from a water source and a solenoid valve (not shown) to the fresh water supply cavity 90 in the water supply container 71 through the fresh water supply pipe 72, and salt water is supplied to the salt water supply cavity 94 through the salt water supply pipe 73.
The fresh water enters the chlorine region fresh water supply groove 100A from the through hole 93A of the valve body 77 only through the direct through hole 91A, fills it, flows down the two slit-like through holes on the bottom surface of the groove, and is minus. It enters the chlorine fresh water flow space between the electrode plate 104 and the anion exchange membrane 109, and also enters the chlorine fresh water flow space between the anion exchange membrane 110 and the negative electrode plate 105 that are equipotential. .
(2) Next, a computer (not shown) moves the stepping motor in the drive device 74, the rack 75 moves slightly to the right, the drive plate 76 and the valve bodies 77 to 78 also move to the right, and the through hole 93B of the valve body 77 penetrates. It enters into the groove 92A, enters the chlorine region fresh water supply groove 100C of the unit 80, and flows downward.
(3) Next, the drive device 74 works, the valve bodies 77 and 78 move rightward, the through hole 93A enters the through hole 91B, and is supplied to the hydrogen fresh water supply groove 100B, before and after the plus electrode plate 106, etc. It flows down into the freshwater flow space of potential hydrogen region.
(4) Next, the through-hole 93B enters the through-hole 92B, and fresh water is supplied to the hydrogen region fresh water supply groove 100D of the unit 80 and flows downward.
(5) Next, the left through-hole of the valve body 78 (not shown) enters the through-hole of the salt water supply cavity 94 on the salt water supply groove 101A, so that the salt water enters the salt water supply groove 101A, and the anion exchange membrane 109 , And between the cation exchange membrane 111 and between the anion exchange membrane 110 and the cation exchange membrane 112.
(6) Next, the right through-hole of the valve element 78 (not shown) enters the through-hole of the salt water supply cavity 94 on the salt water supply groove 101B of the unit 80, and salt water enters the salt water supply groove 101B. It flows down between two anion exchange membranes and a cation exchange membrane.
Here, a plurality of equipotential flow-down spaces are electrically connected to each other via a chlorine zone freshwater supply groove, a hydrogen zone freshwater supply groove, etc., but current flows between equipotential locations. This is an important point regarding the present invention.

Of the water that has entered the downflow spaces in the units 79 to 80, the fresh water in the chlorine region enters the chlorine region waste fresh water discharge groove 102A or 107A, and is dripped into the outside air through the seven-shaped tube 86A or 87A. .
Similarly, fresh water flowing down the hydrogen zone flowing space enters the hydrogen zone waste fresh water discharge groove 102B or 107B, and is dripped into the outside air via the seven-shaped pipe 86B or 87B.

  Similarly, the salt water flowing down the salt water flowing space of the units 79 and 80 is dropped into the outside air through the waste salt water discharge groove 103 or 108 and the seven-shaped pipe 88 or 89.

In this way, fresh water and salt water pass through the units 79 to 80, but the upper portions of the waste fresh water discharge seven-shaped pipes 86 to 89 are positioned slightly lower than the respective upper ends of the fresh water supply groove 100 to the salt water supply groove 101. Since there is a curved portion, the water level in each supply groove decreases as water drops fall from each discharge pipe.
Finally, when the water drops no longer fall on any of the water drop detection electrodes 86AC to 87BC, the information enters the computer, the drive device 74 works, the valve bodies 77 to 78 move, and the through hole 93A or 93B becomes the through hole. Fresh water is supplied to any one of the reduced chlorine region fresh water supply grooves 100A to 100B, connected to any one of 91A to 92B.
If water drops do not fall on the water drop detection electrodes 88C to 89C, a through hole (not shown) of the valve body 78 is connected to a through hole in the bottom wall of the corresponding salt water supply cavity 94, and salt water is supplied to the salt water supply groove 101A or 101B. To do.
(The water droplet detection electrodes of the individual channels may be omitted, and a flow meter for all waste fresh water and a flow meter for all waste salt water may be provided, and the valve bodies 77 to 78 may be moved to the left and right at a constant speed.)

Chloride ions in the salt water flowing space pass through the anion exchange membrane 109 or 110 and enter the fresh water flowing space in the chlorine region, giving electrons to the negative electrode plate 104 or 105, and the electrons minus the conductive wire 81. To charge.
The sodium ions pass through the cation exchange membrane 111 or 112 and enter the hydrogen fresh water flow space before and after the positive electrode plate 106, receive electrons from the positive electrode plate, and add the electrode plate and the conductive wire 83. Charge to about 1V.

In this way, two salinity-difference battery cells each generating an electromotive force of about 1 V, which are connected in parallel before and after the positive electrode plate 106 in one unit 79, are generated.
Further, the units 79 and 80 have the same structure, and a potential difference of about 1 V is generated between the negative conductive line 82 and the positive conductive line 84. Since they are connected, an electromotive force (output) of about 2 V can be obtained between the negative conductive line 81 and the positive conductive line 84.
A large number of such units can be arranged on the left and right sides, the water supply container 71, the valve bodies 77 to 78, etc. can be lengthened to obtain a high output voltage.

Further, a large number of parallel cells may be provided in each unit so that a large current can be taken out.
In that case, the cathode (cathode plate), fresh water (fresh water layer), negative membrane (anion exchange membrane), salt water (brine salt layer), positive membrane (cation exchange membrane), positive electrode (positive electrode plate) arranged in the horizontal direction ), Etc., for example, are as follows.
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Cathode → Fresh water → Plate membrane → Salt water → Positive membrane → Fresh water → Anode → Fresh water → Positive membrane → Salt water → Plate membrane → Fresh water → Cathode → Fresh water → Plate membrane → Salt water → Positive membrane → Fresh water → Anode → Fresh water → Positive membrane → Brine → Negative membrane → Fresh water → Cathode → Fresh water → Negative membrane → Salt water → Positive membrane → Fresh water → Anode → Fresh water → Positive membrane → Brine → Negative membrane → Fresh water → Cathode → Fresh water → Negative membrane → Salt water → Positive membrane → ……
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In the table above, the range of (cathode → fresh water → negative membrane → salt water → positive membrane → fresh water → anode) is one cell, but this cell is placed in one container as shown in the table above. Alternately turning left and right alternately, stuffing, connecting all the cathodes with one negative conductive wire passing through one corner, and connecting all the anodes with one negative conductive wire passing through the other corner, into one container Units containing thousands of parallel connected cells are also available.
The output may be boosted by a boost converter.
However, one of the electrode plates with the same name adjacent to the cells arranged in reverse is usually omitted.

In the above example, if the valve bodies 77 to 78 are made of metal or omitted, the potential difference between the chlorine region and the hydrogen region, the water in the unit 79, and the water in the unit 79 are passed through the water in the water supply container 71. Water becomes a short circuit and an electrical short circuit occurs.
If the partition between the chlorine fresh water supply groove 100A and the hydrogen fresh water supply groove 100B is omitted, the negative electrode plates 104 to 105 and the positive electrode plate 106 are short-circuited through the water in both grooves.
Further, the omission of the partition walls makes it impossible to separate and recover the chlorine gas and the hydrogen gas rising to both supply grooves.

  Units 79 to 80 are positioned 90 ° counterclockwise in the horizontal plane, a partition is further provided in fresh water supply cavity 90, and all the half portions are water supply cavities dedicated to chlorine region fresh water supply grooves 100A and 100C. To the hydrogen fresh water supply grooves 100B and 100D, the bottom wall through holes 91A and 92A are provided in the front half, the through holes 91B and 92B are provided in the rear half, and the valve body 77 is also provided in the front and rear, You may provide the through-hole corresponding to through-hole 91A-92B to each.

Furthermore, you may change the structure of a valve as follows.
The units 79 to 80 are respectively rotated counterclockwise by 90 ° in the horizontal plane, but the water supply cavity 90 is not divided into two.
The top of all units is flattened, and a unique slit is formed to contact the top half of all fresh water flow-down spaces with the first half of the bottom surface of the water supply container 71 (no distinction between chlorine and hydrogen areas), and also on the bottom wall of the water supply container A number of slit-shaped through-holes leading to it are provided.
In addition, a slit in contact with the bottom surface of the water supply container 71 is provided above the space where the salt water flows down, and a number of slit-shaped through holes leading to the slit are provided in the bottom wall of the water supply container 71.
Each of the valve bodies 77 and 78 is provided with one slit-like through hole.

Here, the valve bodies 77 to 78 are moved to the right from the left, and each time one of the slits of the valve bodies 77 to 78 enters the fresh water supply cavity 90 or one slit on the bottom surface of the salt water supply cavity 94, it is directly below. The fresh water or salt water, to which water pressure is applied to some extent, forms a long water droplet in the front and back, and is sent into the flow space of the fresh water or salt water. (In this case, each frame 95 to 99 is made of rubber, and the lower end of the slit is normally closed, but may be opened when pressurized water enters from above.)
When the slit of the valve body reaches the right end of the fresh water supply cavity, the valve body turns to the left, and when it reaches the left end, it continues to repeat the right turn, as described in the embodiment of FIGS. The function equivalent to that of an infusion nozzle is expressed.
A large number of series-connected cells may be housed in the units 79 to 80 using such a motor-operated valve.
In these cases, a similar valve body of the motor-operated valve is also provided on the lower surface of the flow-down space assembly.

The valve bodies 77 to 78 are made of plastic or rubber, and are endless belts that can be accommodated in the water supply container 71. You may make it drive with the gearwheel linked with the axis | shaft of a stepping motor.
In that case, since the slit-shaped through-holes are easily deformed, a plurality of small holes arranged in the front-rear direction may be provided.

Further, the case where the structure of the motor-operated valve is modified will be described below.
A large number (for example, 100) of the units 79 are electrically connected in series, arranged in a circle, and the water supply container 71 is formed into a barrel-shaped (or ring-shaped) circular water supply container. A large number of slits arranged radially are provided.
On the bottom wall, a disk-shaped circular valve body that slowly rotates in one direction is placed on the bottom wall, and four concentric cylindrical partition walls are provided on the upper surface of the circular valve body (of the water supply container). 3 circular water tanks corresponding to the lower chlorine area fresh water supply groove 100A, the hydrogen area fresh water supply groove 100B, and the salt water supply groove 101A may be formed between the partition walls. One slit is provided on the bottom surface.
A large number of radial fresh water dropping slits are provided on the bottom wall of the circular water supply container.
Fresh water and salt water are supplied to each water tank from above the circular water supply container.
Each time the circular slit of the circular valve circulates into the radial fresh water dropping slit and the salt water dropping slit on the bottom wall of the circular water supply container, fresh water and salt water are replenished in the downward flow space. .

  Thus, for all units, fresh water is always supplied to the chlorine zone fresh water supply groove and the hydrogen zone fresh water supply groove, and salt water is supplied to the salt water supply groove from the slits of the three circular water tanks. Become.

  In this case, the fresh water tank on the circular valve body may be integrated, the slit of the lower wall may be integrated, and water may be sequentially supplied to the chlorine region / hydrogen region fresh water flowing down space at different positions below.

Instead of the circular water tank in this circular water supply container, a fresh water supply pipe and a salt water supply pipe made of a rotating insulating material extending in the radial direction are provided, the tip is directed downward, and a slit-shaped through hole is provided at the lower end. A nozzle may be formed, and this nozzle may rotate on the bottom wall of the water supply container.
The through hole in the bottom wall may have a slightly larger circumferential width.
In addition, each water supply to the nozzle may be intermittent using an electrically insulating electromagnetic valve.

As described above, the short circuit prevention is performed in the fresh water supply pipe system and the salt water supply pipe system with the air layer and the insulator through all the embodiments.
In addition, since the overhead line is connected to the sea, short circuit is prevented by an insulator between both the fresh water and salt water supply pipe systems. For example, simultaneous water supply for both systems may be performed.

  When using a circular water supply container, each frame in each unit is made thicker as it gets closer to the outer periphery, and each unit may have an arc shape, but the number of units may be increased so that it may remain rectangular. Is preferable.

  In order to increase the water flow speed, the vertical length of the water supply container 71 is increased, the water depth is increased, or the upper surface of the water supply container is blocked with a solenoid valve, and the water supply pump is weakly pumped above the fresh water supply cavity 90 and the salt water supply cavity 94. Injecting pressurized air to moderately pressurize the internal water surface, supplying water from below the water supply container, utilizing the compressed pressure of the air stored in the upper part, and each waste water 7-shaped pipe 86A ~ The lower end of the discharge port 89 may be lowered and further narrowed to apply a negative pressure based on the principle of siphon, or a suction pressure may be applied by a pump.

In the above example, the electric valve that drives the valve element with an electric motor was used. However, as shown below, the valve element, valve seat, and valve box are made of insulators, When is closed, the power generation system may be configured by using an electromagnetic valve in which the primary side (water supply side) and the secondary side (drainage side) are electrically insulated.
For example, 100 units including a large number of parallel connection cells are provided and connected in series.
One fresh water source, one fresh water supply main, and a salt water supply main that are connected to one salt water source are provided.
200 branch pipes are attached to the fresh water supply mains through the 200 electric insulating solenoid valves as described above, 100 of which are supplied to fresh water supply grooves in the chlorine area of each unit, and the other 100 water is supplied to the fresh water supply groove in the hydrogen region.
100 branch pipes are connected to the salt water supply main pipe via 100 solenoid valves, and water is supplied to the salt water supply groove of each unit.
Connect each solenoid valve to the waste freshwater discharge pipe in the chlorine area and the waste freshwater discharge pipe in the hydrogen area of each unit to drain the water.
Drain the waste saltwater discharge pipe of each unit by connecting one solenoid valve.
Of the many solenoid valves, only one of them opens in a short time, one after another, short circuit in the water supply system, short circuit in the drainage system, short circuit between the two systems, between the fresh water system and the salt water system An operation of repeatedly supplying fresh water or salt water to any one of the water supply channels and the flowing-down space of any unit is performed under the control of a computer while preventing an electrical short circuit such as a short circuit.

In the natural state, when the river water flows into the sea, the salt ions diffuse into the fresh water, and the collision of the ions with the water molecules during the movement of the ions is thought to increase the temperature of the mixed water by a small amount. However, when such a salinity difference power generation system is used, the temperature rise is reduced, converted into electric energy, consumed by various electric devices, where it is converted into heat, transferred to air, etc. Then, it will escape to outer space as thermal radiation, and it is thought that it will be slightly smaller from the beginning of energy due to the warming effect due to the rise in seawater temperature in the natural state.
In the above-mentioned concentration cell (salt concentration difference power generation device), when a cation or an anion passes through the ion exchange membrane and enters the fresh water, it is changed to a salt or sodium atom. It is thought that energy decreases, thermal kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature of fresh water decreases. (It is desirable to conduct research to measure water temperature, current, etc. with high sensitivity.)

A normal ion exchange membrane allows ions to pass well, but hardly allows water molecules to pass.
Therefore, by making the micropores through which ions pass slightly larger, or by providing micropores through which water molecules pass in the vicinity of the through holes of ions, a membrane that allows ions and water molecules to pass therethrough is created, and the anion exchange membrane 109 To 110 and cation exchange membranes 111 to 112.
The negative electrode plates 104 and 105 are brought into close contact with the anion exchange membranes 109 and 110, and the thickness of the positive electrode plate 106 is increased so as to be brought into close contact with the cation exchange membranes 111 and 112.
Salt water flows from the salt water supply cavity 94 between the anion exchange membrane 109 and the cation exchange membrane 111, and between the anion exchange membrane 110 and the cation exchange membrane 112. No fresh water from the river.
In this way, two battery cells are formed.

When the negative conductive wire 81 and the positive conductive wire 83 of this cell are short-circuited with an electric wire, the chloride ions in the salt water flowing between the two ion exchange membranes pass through the anion exchange membrane and reach the negative electrode plate 104. Electrons are contacted to become chlorine atoms, and by thermal motion, most of them return to salt water through the pores of the anion exchange membrane, and a small part enters between the small amount of water molecules that have passed through the same anion exchange membrane. Eventually, it will return to salt water through another micropore.
Electrons are given in contact with the positive electrode plate of sodium ions that have passed through the cation exchange membrane to become sodium atoms, and many of them return to salt water through the same micropores due to thermal motion and react with water molecules in the salt water. Hydrogen gas is generated and becomes sodium hydroxide, and a small part enters between water molecules near the micropores, generates hydrogen gas, and becomes sodium hydroxide. Return inside.
In this way, a certain amount of current flows through the external conductive line.

  In these cases, seawater in which salt is dissolved in fresh water has more energy than that of fresh water alone, and also has thermal energy. It can be considered that they will be extracted to some extent as electrical energy in such a configuration.

  Hydrogen generated in the hydrogen region in the vicinity of the anode plate may be recovered and used in a fuel cell or the like. However, it is desirable that chlorine is returned to sodium chloride by reacting with sodium in addition to waste water and then projected to the sea.

When many anion exchange membranes are arranged in parallel, fresh water and salt water flow alternately in every other gap, a negative electrode plate is placed in the fresh water flow space, and an anode is placed in the salt water flow space (these anions and positives) However, although some electromotive force is generated, efficiency is poor.
In addition, various design changes are possible.

  In a normal electric salt production system, fresh water is obtained. Using this and sea water, the power is generated using this mission to generate electric power for electric salt production, or the concentrated salt water from the sea water desalination system is used as the salt water supply pipe 7. You may add to. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2)

The following parallel connection units are also possible.
For example, a cation exchange membrane is placed after an anion exchange membrane having a vertical width of 1 m and a left and right length of 99 m, and a spacer for forming a salt water flowing space made of nonwoven fabric of the same size is sandwiched between them, before and after both ion exchange membranes. Then, a spacer for forming a fresh water flowing space is stacked, a cathode plate made of metal foil is further stacked in front, and an anode plate is stacked later.
If this 7-layer material is folded back and forth at a pitch of 1m and is fitted in the middle height of a "R" shaped insulation container with a top and bottom width of 1.2m and no upper and lower walls, The end of the cathode plate comes and the end of the anode plate comes to the right end and can be connected to the conductive wire that penetrates the left and right walls of the container.
A fresh water supply groove container having a depth of 10 cm having a number of slits on the bottom surface and a front and rear width of 50 cm and a similar salt water supply groove container are stacked on the upper surface of the zigzag fold set, and fresh water is added to the spacer for forming the fresh water flow space. Salt water is supplied to the spacer for forming the salt water flow space.
Further, a waste fresh water discharge groove container having a large number of slits on the upper surface, which is in contact with the lower surface of the zigzag folding set, and a waste salt water discharge groove container are brought into contact with each other.

A roll-type parallel connection unit can be obtained as follows.
Even if the above seven-layered material is vertically wound around a thick cathodic conductive rod, fitted in a metal tube anode, and fresh water and salt water are supplied or discharged through an electric insulator manifold Good.
However, except for the left end in contact with the cathode rod, an insulating paint for preventing a short circuit with the anode plate is applied to the front surface of the cathode plate, and these are wound around the cathode rod rotating to the left.
The output of these parallel connection units is also boosted by converters and inverters, converted to AC of 50-60 Hz, further boosted by a transformer and sent to the transmission line, or boosted by connecting multiple units in series, For example, power is converted into AC by an inverter.

The fresh water and salt water supplied to the systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 usually have a temperature difference of about several degrees Celsius, and the total heat energy is a value represented by the product of the specific heat of water, the flow rate, and the temperature difference. Therefore, it is a considerable amount, and effectively using it increases the energy efficiency of the entire system.
However, for example, the electromotive force per 1 ° C. of the temperature difference in the vicinity of room temperature of a thermocouple element made of one copper and constantan is only about 40 μV (40 parts per million), so a boost converter using a semiconductor element Even if the voltage is boosted, etc., we want to obtain a converged electromotive force of about several tens of volts.
For this, about 100,000 elements need to be connected in series. (Temperature difference 5 × 100,000 × 40μV = 20V)
Next, a thermoelectric power generation system that precedes the above-described system, in which such a large number of elements can be connected in series and can be produced at a relatively low cost, will be described.

FIG. 11 is a vertical left side view of a large-scale series thermoelectric power generation system in which a large number of thermocouple elements are connected in series, such as an LSI.
Reference numeral 113 denotes a flat fresh water supply pipe which is provided at the upper part and spreads vertically.
114 is a salt water supply pipe at the bottom.
115 to 116 are large-scale series thermopiles that are in contact with the rear surface and the front surface and connected in series.
117 to 118 are heat insulating materials covering the surfaces thereof.

Fresh water is sent to the fresh water supply pipes 2 and 72 through the fresh water supply pipe 113, and salt water is sent to the salt water supply pipes 7 and 73 through the salt water supply pipe 114. When large-scale series thermocouples 115 to 116 including thermocouples connected in series are heated or cooled, if the temperature difference between the two waters is about 5 ° C., an electromotive force of about 10 V is generated respectively. A collective electromotive force of about 20 V is obtained as the series electromotive force.
At that time, the heat insulating materials 117 to 118 prevent the outside dangerous temperature from reaching both thermopiles.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal left side view of a vacuum evaporation system for producing a large-scale series thermopile 115.
119 is a vacuum container.
Reference numeral 120 denotes a vapor deposition substrate made of a plastic film having a length of about 1 m and a thickness of about 0.1 to 1 mm fixed by a fixing device (not shown), a metal plate having an insulating coating on the surface, and the like.
121 is a deposition source on the right side.
122 to 123 are winding drums with a motor arranged vertically.
A shadow mask 124 is formed by providing a large number of slits that run in the vertical direction by lithography or the like on stainless steel, copper, or other metal plates having a thickness of about 0.1 mm that are wound around them. (Although not shown, perforations such as photographic film are provided at the front and rear edges.)
125 to 126 are rollers with gears that mesh with the perforations and with a drive using a computer controlled stepping motor.

  The vapor deposition source 121 includes a plurality of heating devices, each of which is set with copper, constantan, silicon dioxide, and the like. The vapor of the vapor deposition material is sequentially generated by computer control, and the winding drums 122 to 123 are generated. Alternatively, the rollers 125 to 126 are driven, and the shadow mask 124 is driven one frame at a time with high accuracy, and a vapor deposition pattern as designed is formed on the right surface of the substrate 120 to produce the large-scale thermoelectric stack 115 or 116. .

FIG. 13 is a front view in the case where a copper thin film electrode group is formed on the surface of the substrate 120 in the first step of producing a thermoelectric stack (semi-finished product).
127 is a vertically long film formed by vapor deposition on the upper half of the substrate, in which copper vapor evaporated from the vapor deposition source 121 is adhered to the substrate 120 through a number of slits of the shadow mask 124 forming the vapor deposition pattern. Copper electrode group. (For example, the thickness may be about several 10 to 1000 nm and the width may be 1 mm or less. Sputtering other than vapor deposition, CVCA method, electrochemical plating method, or the like may be used.)
127A is a connection part with a narrow width extending downward from the respective lower right corners.
127B is a connection protrusion that extends slightly to the left from its lower end.

FIG. 14 is a front view of a semi-finished product deposited on the surface of FIG. 13 in the second step.
A take-up drum 122 to 123 with a motor and rollers 125 to 126 are operated by a computer (not shown) to lower the shadow mask 124 by one frame and deposit the next pattern. Similarly, in the next process, the shadow mask is lowered frame by frame. (In the case of the same pattern, it may not move, or it may return to the part of the pattern used previously. In this way, the shadow mask with perforation is accurately positioned by the geared roller, Pattern deposition is easy and rapid.)
Reference numeral 128 denotes a copper electrode 127 and a constantan electrode group deposited on the lower half of the substrate.
128A is a middle connecting portion between the upper and lower sides. (This part may be made of copper having a high conductivity, or may be formed by superposing copper on a constantan.)

FIG. 15 is a front view of the semi-finished product in the third step.
Reference numeral 129 denotes an insulating film made of silicon dioxide or other material covering the upper portion and the connecting portion.
129A is an extension thereof.

FIG. 16 is a front view of a semi-finished product in the fourth step.
130 is a copper electrode group having the same shape as the constantan electrode group 128 covering the semi-finished product of the previous process.
130A is the connection part.

FIG. 17 is a front view of a semi-finished product in the fifth step.
Reference numeral 131 denotes an insulating film that covers the connection portion and the lower half of the copper electrode 129.
131A is the connection part.

FIG. 18 is a front view of a semi-finished product in the sixth step.
132 is a constantan electrode covering them.
132A is the connection part.

FIG. 19 is a front view of a semi-finished product in the seventh step.
133 is the copper electrode which covers the lower part.
133A is a connection part connected to the upper right end thereof.
133B protrudes slightly to the right from the upper end thereof, arrives on the substrate, and is further deposited on the connection protrusion 127B of each adjacent copper electrode 127, and is connected in series to the adjacent portion.
However, the rightmost connection protrusion adheres to the surface of the substrate 120.

  FIG. 20 is a schematic front view of a longitudinally enlarged view of a substrate 120 that has been deposited on the right surface and is tilted to the left.

Actually, if one thousand square electrode groups having a width of less than 1 mm are provided on a 1 m square substrate 120 and 50 sets of thermocouples connected in series are formed in each part as described above, one surface 50,000 serially connected thermocouples are formed on the substrate.
In order to increase the number of layers, a large number of one set of four layers of constantan electrode 128 to insulating film 131 may be stacked.
If one lead wire is connected to the connecting projection 127B by soldering or the like, another lead wire is connected to the connecting projection 133B, and the thermopiles 115 to 116 are connected in series, 100,000 pieces are connected in series. Thus, an electromotive force of about 20 V is obtained at a temperature difference of 5 ° C.

  In addition, there exists an advantage which can take the part which contributes to power generation widely by providing the connection part A whose lateral width is a little smaller than the copper electrode 127 other main parts, and providing the connection projection part 127A etc. in it. If the connecting portion has the same width as the main portion, the connecting protrusion 127B protrudes to the left, so that the main portions must be widened, and the effective power generation area is reduced.

Note that the copper electrode group 127 in contact with the substrate and the copper electrode group 133 on the outermost surface may be thickened to reduce resistance and reduce the amount of heat generated by passing current.
As the thermocouple material, chromel: constantan or other combinations may be used.
If each connecting portion 127A and others are lengthened, the temperature difference between the separated portions can be used.

The fresh water supply pipe 113 and the salt water supply pipe 114 are made into flexible tubes provided with fusion lines on the top, middle and bottom of two plastic films having a vertical width of about 1 m and a horizontal direction of about 10 to 100 m. It is wound around two drums at the front and rear of the film, and is exposed to the position of the substrate 120 little by little through a roller with gears meshing with the perforation provided on the upper and lower edges of the film, and several tens of thousands are connected in series over the entire length. A thermocouple group may be formed, fresh water and salt water may be passed through the film tube, and a temperature difference may be utilized.
In this case, the number of stacked thermocouples may be relatively small.

Black paint is applied to the upper half of a large-scale thermoelectric stack such as the thermoelectric stack 115, or solar cells are attached to increase heating by absorbing sunlight, and an aluminum-plated plastic film is applied to the lower half For example, it may be exposed to sunlight to cause a temperature difference between the upper half and the lower half, and thermoelectric power generation may be performed.
In this case, black paint is also applied to the lower half, bent at the top and bottom, and a heat insulating layer is provided between them. To achieve thermoelectric power generation.

  Such a large-scale series thermopile can be manufactured at a relatively low cost, and can convert the temperature of water, air, land, sunlight irradiator, etc. into electric power, and can be used in conventional thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. It can also be used for other purposes than the above, such as power generation due to temperature difference between warm wastewater and air or ocean water.

  The large-scale series thermopile may be energized, and heat may be generated in the upper half by the Peltier effect, the lower half may be cooled, and the cooling unit may be used for a cooler.

  Like this large-scale serial thermopile, a vacuum masking device (including a sputtering device and the like) using a shadow mask 124 with perforation, a winding drum 122 to 123 of the driving device, and rollers 125 to 126 with gears. ) And a manufacturing method using the same can be used for manufacturing other than thermopile.

The waste saltwater discharge pipe 13 and the like in FIGS. 1 to 10 discharge waste saltwater with a considerable amount of salt, and the waste freshwater in the waste freshwater discharge pipe does not have the same salinity as the waste saltwater.
In the system shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, since the electromotive force is larger as the concentration difference between fresh water and salt water is larger, if the amount of ion transfer from salt water to fresh water is increased too much in an attempt to increase the amount of energy collected from raw water, Since the electromotive force decreases, the amount of energy collected from the raw water can be determined by taking into account the energy required for water sampling from rivers and the sea, pipeline construction costs, operating costs, etc. A considerable difference is left in the salt concentration difference between the waste salt water and the waste fresh water.
Using this difference, it is desirable to operate a power generation system using osmotic pressure as follows to achieve high efficiency.
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of an osmotic pressure power generation system.
134 is a pressure vessel made of cylindrical metal or the like.
135 is a salt water supply relay pipe connected to the left rear part.
136 is a fresh water supply pipe connected to the left end of the pressure vessel.
137 is a hollow fiber membrane made of a semipermeable membrane (osmosis membrane / reverse osmosis membrane) used for seawater desalination or the like, which is present in large numbers (tens of thousands or more) in the pressure vessel.
138 is a fresh water discharge pipe.
139 is a salt water discharge pipe connected to the right front portion of the pressure vessel.
140 is a turbine connected to it.
Reference numeral 141 denotes a generator motor that can be a generator connected to the rotating shaft or an electric motor. (A friction clutch or a reduction gear set may be inserted between the turbine shaft and the generator motor shaft.)
142 is a salt water supply high-pressure pump using a rotary pump, a gear pump, an axial flow pump or the like connected to the same shaft, and a salt water supply relay pipe 135 is connected to the discharge side thereof. (A reciprocating pump decelerated by a gear system may be used.)
143 is a salt water supply pipe connected to the water supply side.

  When starting, when a start switch (not shown) is pressed, power is supplied from a storage battery to a fresh water supply pump (not shown), fresh water flows into the fresh water supply pipe 136 → the hollow fiber membrane 137 → the fresh water discharge pipe 138, and the generator motor 141 is supplied. Also, the turbine 140 and the pump 142, which are empty inside, are rotated. The salt water is supplied from the pump through the salt water supply relay pipe 135 into the pressure vessel 134 through the salt water supply pipe 143.

As a result, a large amount of fresh water diffuses from the inside of the membrane through the semipermeable membrane surface of the hollow fiber membrane into the salt water in the pressure vessel outside the membrane, and the salt water is diluted and increased to several tens of atmospheres. To generate osmotic pressure.
This high-pressure diluted salt water passes through a salt water discharge pipe 139, becomes a high-speed jet water flow from a thin nozzle tip in the turbine 140 which is an output drive device, hits a turbine blade, rotates, and passes through a discharge pipe (not shown) through the turbine. A control circuit that goes outside but rotates the turbine shaft at high speed to cause the generator motor 141 to generate power, a part of the output is sent to a transmission line (not shown), and the other part is a control circuit that sets the excessive current to an appropriate value. After that, the storage battery is charged.
In addition, since the rotation of the turbine continues to rotate the pump 142, salt water is continuously supplied into the pressure vessel.

In this way, the turbine 140 continues to rotate and power transmission from the generator motor 141 continues.
To stop the power supply to the fresh water supply pump, the solenoid valve (not shown) inserted in the salt water discharge pipe 139 is closed.

In this process, the generator motor connected to the turbine shaft and the pump only rotate, the amount of noise generated is small, the energy efficiency is large, the starter is simple, the economy is high, and the large-scale power generation In addition, an osmotic pressure power generation system that can be used in such a manner that it is loaded on a small ship and moves an electric watercraft is constructed.
Note that the shaft of the turbine 140 may not have a feed water pump to the fresh water supply pipe 136.
Instead of the semipermeable hollow fiber membrane, a sheet-like semipermeable membrane bag with a built-in cloth spacer may be used.
Diluted salt water in the pressure vessel 134 is introduced into a cylinder of a piston engine (reciprocating engine) with an automatic switching mechanical and electromagnetic valve provided with a salt water discharge pipe different from 139, and reciprocating it. A reciprocating pump connected to a piston with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the piston of the engine is connected to the outer end of the piston rod. You may make it send in the container 134. FIG. (The piston of a reciprocating pump that sends fresh water into the hollow fiber membrane 137 may be connected to the same piston rod, but the diameter of this piston may be large because low water pressure is required. And the generator or generator motor may be moved.)

A partition plate is built in the fresh water supply pipe 136 and the fresh water discharge pipe 138 made of an insulating material and divided into two, and the hollow fiber membranes 137 are divided into two groups to form electrically insulated water channels. The hollow fiber membrane group connected to the first water channel is made of an anion exchange membrane, the hollow fiber membrane of the second water channel is made of a cation exchange membrane, and a thin metal wire is put in each hollow fiber membrane, and the discharge pipe Lead to the outside and make Yin / yang conductive wire.
The front end of the salt water discharge pipe 139 is not connected to the turbine 140 but connected to the drainage channel.
In this way, a concentration battery unit (cell) that generates an electromotive force similar to that described above may be formed.
Each conductive wire of such a large number of cells is connected in series, the output power is partially charged to the storage battery, some is transmitted to the other, some are driven by the generator motor 141, and the pump 142 is used in each container. You may make it supply salt water to fresh water with another pump.

FIG. 22 is a plan view of a marine dredger with a small amount of fuel oil consumption such as petroleum, in which fresh water is loaded as an alternative energy and a propulsion unit or the like that effectively uses the electric power obtained by the salt concentration difference power generation system is operated.
144 is a stern adapter provided at the left end that forms an outer shape to reduce water flow resistance during operation like a normal ship.
145 is a propulsion direction changing device attached to the deck.
146 is an electric explosion propulsion unit that is connected to it, and the lower part is in seawater.
147 is a rectangular parallelepiped fresh water tank screwed to the right side of the stern adapter.
147A is a maneuvering room with a maneuvering panel provided on its deck.
148 is a bow adapter which is screwed to the right side of the fresh water tank and has an outer shape to reduce the water flow resistance during operation like a normal ship.
149 is a drain drive device attached to the left side of the deck.
150 is a drain pipe extending to the landfill area.
151 is a hose that connects the drain pipe and the water pump in the bow adapter.
152 is a hose connecting the pump and the main pipe drive device.
153 is a main drive unit attached to the right side of the deck.
154 is the main pipe that extends to the right, then hangs down, and then turns to the right.
155 is an end tube rotating device attached to the tip.
156 is a saddle tube that extends to the right and has a closed tip.
157 is a large number of small holes provided on the top surface of the tip.

FIG. 23 is an enlarged longitudinal front view of the left half of the dredger.
FIG. 24 is an enlarged vertical front view of the right half of the dredger.
158 is a salinity difference power generation system as described above provided in the stern adapter 144.
Reference numeral 159 denotes a motor below the propulsion direction changing device 1.
160 is a booster circuit that boosts the output of the salt concentration difference power generation system 157 to tens of thousands of volts, which is comprised of a thyristor, a boosting high voltage coil, and the like in the electric shock explosion propulsion device.
161 is a high-voltage capacitor for storing the output voltage.
162 is a switching circuit using a thyristor or the like that sequentially sends the stored power to each of the following devices.
163 is a number of explosive electrode tubes made of a metal tube having an open left end.
Reference numeral 164 denotes an insulating tube made of ceramic or the like provided inside the right end.
Reference numeral 165 denotes a rod-shaped electrode that is held inside and protrudes from the left and right sides.
Reference numeral 166 denotes a cylindrical waterproof bolt holder with a flange attached to the inner surface of the right wall of the stern adapter 144. (The left end has an inward flange that prevents the bolt head from falling off when not in use.)
Reference numeral 167 denotes a waterproof bolt housed therein. Its right end is pointed and threaded. The leftmost head has a hexagonal columnar recess that can be turned with a hexagon wrench. (When inserting the right end of the shaft into the nut, the head may have a spherical surface with the same diameter as the inner surface of the holder so that the right end may move somewhat up and down.)
168 is a washer on the right side of the bolt head. (The inner diameter may be made slightly larger than the shaft diameter of the bolt so that the right end of the shaft may be slightly shifted up and down, or the outer diameter may be made slightly smaller.)
169 is a cylindrical packing made of hard rubber or the like, such as tire rubber on the right side of the washer, to prevent seawater from entering the stern adapter through the gap between the stern adapter and the water storage tank.
170 is the right washer.
Reference numeral 171 denotes an owl nut attached to the inner surface of the left wall of the fresh water tank 147, and the right end of the bolt 167 is screwed.
172 is a cylindrical waterproof bolt holder with a flange attached to the inner surface of the right wall of the fresh water tank 147. (Examples are slightly different from those of 165.)
173 is a bolt housed therein, the right end of the shaft is pointed and threaded, the outer surface of the head is hexagonal, and the right end of the head is in contact with the outer surface of the holder. It has an inward flange to prevent it from falling out of the holder when in use. (These flanges may be secured to the bolt head with a small screw.)
174 is a packing surrounding the left end of the screw shaft.

175 is an owl nut in which the right end of a bolt 173 attached to the inner surface of the left wall of the bow adapter 148 is screwed.
Reference numeral 176 denotes a motor below the drain pipe driving device 149.
177 is a motor at the bottom of the main drive unit.
Reference numeral 178 denotes a semicircular plate 179 attached to the upper portion of the left end of the main tube 154 in the main tube driving device 153.
180 is a gear connected to a motor (not shown) that meshes with it.

A gear 181 is attached to the left end of the end tube 156 in the end tube rotating device 155 so as to be perpendicular to the end tube axis.
182 is the upper gear that meshes with it.
183 is a motor connected to the shaft.
184 is a water supply pump for sending water in the hose 152 provided under the deck of the bow adapter 148 to the hose 151.

The entire system is self-operated as a ship, is maneuvered by a person in the maneuvering room 147A, enters a port or the like, and stores fresh water in the fresh water tank 147 by a built-in pump or the like (not shown).
Fresh water in the fresh water tank 147 and salt water collected from the surrounding ocean are sent to the salt concentration difference power generation system 158 in the bow adapter 148, and the generated electric power is used in the ship.
The electric power is boosted to several tens of thousands of volts by the booster circuit 160 in the electric shock explosion propulsion unit 146 attached to the stern adapter 144 and charged to the high-voltage capacitor 161.
When a propulsion operation is performed from the maneuvering room, a large number of switching elements in the switching circuit 162 are sequentially switched, and a charging pressure of a capacitor 161 of tens of thousands of volts is applied to the explosive electrode tube 163 and the rod-shaped electrode 164 between the opposing surfaces. Discharge occurs in the existing seawater, sparks, explosively generates water vapor, generates shock waves, pushes the seawater in the explosion electrode tube from the left end into the sea, and the reaction exerts on the electric shock propulsion propeller 146 Push the whole ship to the bow side. (When the water vapor cools and returns to the water, the seawater enters the explosion tube at a slow speed and prepares for the next explosion. However, a valve for the seawater to enter the wall or the right end of the explosion tube may be provided. .)
Immediately after the explosion of the lower explosive electrode is completed, a voltage is applied from the switching circuit 162 to the upper explosive electrode, and then an explosion is performed between other explosive electrodes (not shown). Continuously repeats the voltage application to the first explosion electrode complete.
Actually, the explosive electrode tube has an inner diameter of about 10 mm to 100 mm and is arranged in 10 rows, 10 columns, 100 or more, and sequentially explodes.
In this case, it is possible to reduce noise and reduce the capacity of the capacitor 161 by using a large number of small tubes rather than using one large explosion electrode tube.

A capacitor with a capacity much larger than that of the capacitor 161 is also provided so that the switching circuit 162 can select a mode in which all the electrodes are energized at the same time. The shock wave may be generated to obtain a large driving force.
A device that changes the direction of the casing so that a shock wavefront with a large area (such as a laser pulse with a large diameter in the lens system) is launched toward the seabed. A high-resolution sonar and seismic survey device may be obtained by providing a large number of sound wave sensors that capture reflected waves from the seabed and by providing an analysis computer.

Each explosion electrode tube may be hexagonal and arranged in a honeycomb shape.
On the contrary, the interval between the explosion tubes may be slightly wider.
The left end of the rod-shaped electrode 165 may be bent in a conical shape.
Each explosive tube may be provided with two small strip metal electrode plates that are insulated from the inner surface of the tube and sandwich an insulator piece, and both strip electrodes may be energized.

With the electric shock propulsion propeller 146, the ship advances in the bow direction due to the thrust generated in this way, but when changing the direction, the motor 159 is energized and the propulsion direction change device 145 is rotated around the vertical axis. Then, change the direction of the ship by changing the direction of the electric shock explosion propulsion machine 146.
However, the stern adapter 144 may be attached with a propeller type propulsion device driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine similar to that of a normal ship or a dredger, or a maneuvering room 147A may be provided in the bow adapter 148.
The electric signal of the ship maneuvering command is connected so that the train cars are connected by a connection cable that connects the adapters.
If a rectangular freshwater tank 147 is towed as it is with a tugboat etc., the water flow resistance will increase, so the stern adapter 148 and the stern adapter 148 that can be easily attached and detached are connected to reduce the water flow resistance. Although it does not have a function, the floating structure etc. which are described in the patent 3757378 “artificial land module” to be transported can be screwed and used to transport to a remote area.
In that case, it may be towed by a tug boat, and a propulsion device or the like may be omitted.

The output power of the salinity difference power generation system 158 is also used for the following dredging work.
When the motor 183 in the heel end tube rotating device 155 is rotated, the gear 182, the gear 181, and the heel end tube 156 rotate by 90 °, and a large number of small holes 157 face forward.
Next, when the water pump 184 is activated, seawater mixed with earth and sand is sucked into the end pipe 156 through the small hole 157 from the vicinity of the tip of the end pipe 156 on the sediment layer on the seabed, and the main pipe 154 → After flowing through 152 → water pump 184 → hose 151 → drain pipe 150, it flows down from the tip of the drain pipe to the landfill area. (Sediment-containing seawater may be sent to the landfill area through a hose connected to the tip of the drain pipe.)

If the motor 177 is rotated, the drain pipe driving device 149 rotates around the vertical axis, and the direction of the drain pipe 150 can be changed.
In addition, in order to investigate the sea bottom in an arc shape, the motor 177 can be energized to rotate the main pipe driving device 153, the main pipe 154, and the end pipe 156, which act as joints, around the vertical axis. Since the seawater is sucked from the small hole 157, a forward driving force is generated, and it is not necessary to supply so much power to the motor 177.
After scanning these tubes about 45 ° forward, energize the dredge tube rotating device 155, rotate the dredge tube 180 ° around the tube axis, and turn the small hole 157 later to suck the seawater mixed with earth and sand. The force works in the opposite direction, and each tube receives a backward thrust.
The rotation direction of the motor 177 is also reversed, and the scanning direction is switched.
If the fan-shaped surface is scanned about 90 °, the reversal is repeated.
At the same time, if you slowly move the ship to the right, the bottom of the seabed will be gradually scraped.

In order to raise and lower the tip of the saddle end tube 156, the internal motor of the main tube driving device 153 is energized and the gear 180 and the semicircular plate 179 are rotated.
In practice, the main pipe 154 is linear, and a device for rotating the dredge tube rotating device in the vertical direction is attached to the tip, and the dredge tube rotating device 155 is attached thereto. The inclination of the end tube can be changed arbitrarily.
During seawater suction, a large number of needle-like projections are provided near the small holes 157, and the diameter and direction of the small holes are changed to generate turbulent flow, stirring the nearby earth and sand, and rotating the end pipe The device 155 may be driven to reciprocate and rotate the end tube finely to move the small hole up and down.

An electric valve may be provided that closes the small hole 157 on the upper surface, provides small holes on the front surface and the rear surface of the end tube 156, partitions the inside of the end tube back and forth, and blocks the water channel in the front half or the latter half. .
An end valve provided with a small hole on the front surface and an end tube provided on the rear surface may be arranged side by side and fixed, and an electric valve that alternately connects the two tubes to the main tube 154 may be provided.

Since the amount of fresh water in the fresh water tank 147 is much larger than that of oil or the like, a number of similar fresh water tanks may be connected between the bow adapter and the stern adapter.
At that time, the bolts 167 and 173 and 171 and 175 are screwed between the adapters and the fresh water tank so that they can be freely attached and detached.
Actually, a large number of such waterproof bolts and owl nut fastening devices are provided on each connection wall surface.

The salt concentration difference power generation system 158 may be attached to the ship via an appropriate suspension device to prevent the position of the falling water drop from shifting due to the ship's shaking.
Alternatively, a unit having a large number of parallel-connected cells as shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 is used by connecting a large number of units connected in series. May be.

In oil tankers and other ships heading from the consumption area to the production area, the cargo on the outbound or return path is small and the cargo hold is wasted, so a plastic bag, etc. using a large soft plastic is put in it, and fresh water is loaded on it. May be used to generate a salinity difference power generation and to energize an electric motor or a generator motor connected to a drive shaft of an engine using fuel oil to save fuel oil consumption.
In that case, put fresh water into a large spindle-shaped plastic bag or rigid lightweight tank with narrow front and rear ends, and use a water absorption hose extending from the ship, or one or several parallel flexible pipes, or a universal joint. Fresh water may be used for power generation while towing a rigid water pipe connected to the ship and tank at both ends.
Or, the range in which the built-in fresh water is consumed by an oil tanker using many low-cost lease tugs equipped with a salinity-difference power generator and a high-powered electric propulsion machine that are supplied with these fresh water. An auxiliary tow may be provided between these furrows.

The above dredger vessel may float on other dam lakes for power generation and used for solid bottom dredging.
In that case, if a long hose attached to the tip of the drainage pipe 150 is hung outside through the sluice gate of the dam, and the lower end of the hose is made lower than the surface of the lake, it is possible to supply power to the water pump 184 according to the principle of siphon. The water sucked from the small hole 157 is discharged, and there is an advantage that less power is applied to the driving motor 177 of the main pipe driving device 153. (The turbine drive device 153 can also be rotated by the force that has passed through the reduction gear by turning the turbine with water flow.)
Rainwater falling on the deck of the ship may be stored in a fresh water tank 147 or the like and used in the salinity difference power generation system 158.
You may generate electricity using the salt water of the inland salt lake and the river water flowing into it.
FIG. 25 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a system that performs seismic survey under the sea floor using chlorine gas generated by the salinity difference power generation system 158 attached to the front wall of the fresh water tank 147 and hydrogen gas.
185 is the front wall of the fresh water tank 147.
186 is a hydraulic cylinder attached to it.
187 is a piston in it.
188 is a curved piston rod extending from it.
189 is an internal combustion cylinder similar to a gasoline engine attached to the right end.
190 is an air supply hose that adds air or chlorine gas to the hydrogen gas generated from the power generation system 158 and sends it.
191 is a solenoid valve connected to it.
192 is a spark plug.
193 is a piston in the internal combustion cylinder.
194 is a piston stopper provided on the inner surface of the lower end of the cylinder.
195 is a shock wave generating cylinder connected to the lower end of the internal combustion cylinder.
Reference numeral 196 denotes a piston made of a hard material of a honeycomb structure having a large number of fine ventilation holes in the vertical direction that are connected to the lower end of the piston rod of the piston 193. (The bottom may be flat or hemispherical or conical.)
197 is a disk-like shape made of a material such as polypropylene which is below the surface and floats on the water surface, having a diameter of about 1 m and a thickness of about 20 mm (a hard metal thin plate may be attached to the upper surface) and having a specific gravity smaller than that of water. Shock wave generating board.
Reference numeral 198 denotes a stopper composed of a large number of small protrusions protruding from the inner surface of the cylinder below to prevent the shock wave generating board 197 from dropping off. (It may be a honeycomb structure board whose periphery is fixed to the inner surface of the cylinder.)
199 is the sea surface indicated by a dotted line.

Oil is put into and out of the hydraulic cylinder 186 through a pipe (not shown), the piston 187 is appropriately maintained at a necessary height, and the cylinders 189 and 195 connected to the piston rod 188 are also maintained at a necessary height.
Chlorine gas and hydrogen gas open the solenoid valve 191 and push the piston 187 down to an intermediate height and enter the internal combustion cylinder 189. (The intermediate position of the piston may be set by providing an elastic stopper on the inner surface of the cylinder.)
Next, when the spark plug 192 is energized to ignite the mixed gas in the internal combustion cylinder and cause explosive combustion, the combustion gas in the cylinder expands rapidly, and the piston 196 linked to the piston 193 moves downward. The air is rapidly accelerated and lowered while being pushed upward through the vent hole, collides with the shock wave generation board 197, has a steep rise, and has a large diameter. A small shock wave pulse beam propagates in the shock wave generating board 197 → in the seawater in the cylinder 195 → in the seawater below it → in the seafloor formation, reflected at various interfaces, enters a sound wave sensor (not shown), and is processed by computer processing. , The depth of each interface, the shape of the interface consisting of its continuity, etc. are recorded.

In this case, since the hard piston 196 collides with the shock wave generation board 197 at a rapid velocity, a strong shock wave with a short rising wavelength is generated at the interface, and a reflected wave with high resolution from the measurement target interface is obtained. It is done.
Note that a mixed gas of salt water and hydrogen may be put between the piston 196 that blocks the vent hole and the shock wave generating board, and then ignited to explode and directly pressurize the upper surface of the shock wave generating board.
The compressed air obtained by moving the compressor with the electric power of the salinity difference power generation system 158 may be sent into the cylinder 189 by opening the electromagnetic valve 181 and the pistons 193 and 196 may be rapidly lowered.
Propane gas and air (or oxygen) loaded on the ship may be sent into the cylinder 189 and detonated.
The shock wave generating board 197 may be made of a hard metal container, and a honeycomb structure made of a hard material or a low specific gravity liquid may be put in the shock wave generating board 197 to make a disk floating on water.
When this seismic exploration device is used on a child, a vinyl film or the like is stretched between the lower end of the shock wave generating cylinder 195 and the height immediately below the shock wave generating board 197, and water is put between them to form a water-filled drum. Can be applied to the ground.
Or you may store a plastic bag with water in the cylinder below a shock wave generation board.

When stuffy nose, nasal washing (nasal gargle) is often performed to drain fresh water from the nostrils through water roots. As a result, it is often effective for purifying the nasal cavity, removing pollen in the case of hay fever, and reducing snoring by removing nasal discharge that narrows the airways.
However, using tap water simply causes strong irritation to the nasal mucosa and causes pain.
This is because the osmotic pressure is stimulated to the mucous membrane by fresh water and the temperature is lower than the body temperature. (Especially affected by osmotic pressure stimulation.)
Therefore, in nasal washing in a hospital or the like, 0.9% physiological saline heated to a low body temperature and free from osmotic pressure stimulation is used.
As for the following, the general person can easily make physiological saline, and using the part of the salt, the concentration cell (salt concentration difference power generation system) shown in FIGS. This is a nasal washing device that uses electric power.

FIG. 26 is a plan view of a nasal irrigation apparatus using a concentration battery.
FIG. 27 is a longitudinal front view thereof.
200 is a plastic physiological saline container having a capacity of about 400 ml.
201 is a hinge attached to the upper right edge.
202 is a lid connected to it.
203 is a salt storage pocket provided on the inner surface of which the wall surface is inclined.
Reference numeral 204 denotes a second bottom wall of the container 200.
205 is an air chamber between the first bottom wall below.
206 is a membranous valve body in which only the right end provided on the right through hole is adhered.
Although the detailed structure attached to the left three narrow through-holes on the left side of the second bottom wall is not shown in FIG. 207, from the left side (cathode → chlorine freshwater flow space → anion exchange membrane → salt water flow space → positive Concentration cell with ion exchange membrane → hydrogen freshwater flow space → anode).
208 is a set of a drip nozzle and a drip fall space mounted on the chlorine freshwater flow space.
209 is a plastic salt dropping pipe mounted on the salt water flowing space.
210 is a water flow restrictor made of foamed resin, which is mounted on the hydrogen region fresh water flow space.
211 is a motor attached to the left side of the container connected to the cathode and anode of the density cell via a not-shown hall cable and switch.
212 is a centrifugal pump attached to the lower part.
213 is a soft vinyl pipe connected to the drain hole.
Reference numeral 214 denotes a cleaning nozzle with a thin tip attached to the upper end.
215 is a drain nozzle arranged in parallel with it.
216 is a vinyl tube connected to the lower end.
217 is a nasal clamp in which two nozzles are inserted and both ends are covered with a soft resin extending upward.
Reference numeral 218 denotes a pinch-like protrusion that protrudes from the left surface of the container and holds the right end thereof.

When the user stands in front of the wash basin, puts the container 200 on the shelf, etc., and fills the pocket 203 designed for the required volume with salt using a measuring spoon or ordinary spoon, About 4g.
Next, when the container is filled with about 400 ml of warm water (fresh water) and the lid 202 is closed to the left, the salt in the pocket falls into the water, and the salt dropping pipe 209 directly below contains high-concentration salt. Concentrated saline is generated, and physiological saline is formed around it.
Next, remove the nose pin 217 from the pinch-shaped protrusion 218 and insert the cleaning nozzle 214 into the right nostril and the drain nozzle 215 into the left nostril to a depth that does not fall out. It is sandwiched and water leakage from the gap between the nozzle and the nostril is prevented.

The water in the container enters from the upper end of the drip nozzle set 208, gradually enters the chlorine region fresh water flow space of the concentration cell 207 from the lower end, eventually fills the space, and enters the lower air chamber 205 from the lower through hole. It is dripped.
Concentrated salt water enters the salt water flowing space of the concentration cell 207 from the salt dropping tube 209.
Further, the low-concentration saline passes through the water flow restrictor 210 and gradually enters the hydrogen fresh water flow space.
The water that has passed through the battery is dripped into the air chamber 205 through the narrow through-holes below.

In this way, water enters each downstream space in the concentration cell 207, and an electromotive force is generated by the action of the negative and positive ion exchange membranes due to the difference in salt concentration in the battery, the motor 211 rotates, The pump 212 sucks physiological saline inside the container from the height just above the second bottom wall in the container 200 and sends it into the nasal cavity through the vinyl tube 213 → the washing nozzle 214. (At that time, air enters the container through the gap between the container 200 and the lid 202.)
At this time, as is done in hospitals, etc., if the user keeps opening his mouth and uttering “Yes”, the uvula at the back of the oral cavity rises, the rear end of the nasal cavity is closed, and the water that has entered the nasal cavity Is prevented from flowing down to the oral cavity side, and water is discharged to the washstand through the flow path of right nasal cavity → upper pharynx → left nasal cavity → drainage nozzle → vinyl tube 216.

When half the amount of water is used, turn off the switch (not shown), stop the motor 211, remove the nozzles 214 to 215 from the nostril, bring both nozzles on the washstand, turn on the switch, and use your hands The outer surfaces of both nozzles are washed with water coming out of the nozzle 214, the nozzle 214 is inserted into the lower end of the vinyl tube 216, and the inside of the vinyl tube and the inside of the nozzle 215 are washed.
When the water on the second bottom wall 204 is exhausted, the container 200 is held by hand, the lid 202 is opened, the top and bottom are inverted, the valve body 206 is opened by its own weight, etc., and the water stored in the air chamber 205 is drained. Then, the nozzles 214 to 215 are inserted back into the nose clip 217, and the nose clip is attached to the clip projection 218.

  If another person uses, both nozzles may be covered with plastic covers of the same or different sizes.

  In addition, a shallow cup-shaped heater connected to the AC power source is provided on the shelf of the washstand, and a pot containing about 400 ml of fresh water is always put in it, and the water is heated to about 40 ° C., You may make it inject | pour into the container 200 at the time of use.

As a disposable type used for traveling, etc., 3.6 g of salt is put in a quadrilateral plastic bag with a capacity of about 400 ml and sealed. At the upper right side of the installation, make a film with a conical water supply pipe with an open upper end with a built-in check valve made of film.
Connect the water pipe to a tap, fill the bag with about 400 ml of water, make physiological saline, insert the nozzle into the nasal cavity, hold the bag with your hand, the nozzle expands due to water pressure, and water leaks from the nostrils. In a state where the water is prevented, physiological saline may be injected into the nasal cavity by manual force.

In each of the above embodiments, the size, material, etc. can be arbitrarily changed and selected.
The invention described in each claim can also be diverted to various uses.

The top view of the salt concentration difference power generation system using the series battery stack type unit in which two cells are connected and stored in one container which implemented this invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view immediately below the upper wall of the insulating container 1. The longitudinal cross-sectional front view of the container 1 in the position of the freshwater supply cylinder 4. FIG. FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view at a substantially central height of the container 1. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal left side view of the left side of the frame 24 at a position slightly to the right. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal left side view of the left side of the frame 25 at a position slightly to the right. The top view of the Example which connected several parallel connection units in series without using an infusion nozzle. The cross-sectional view in the height of the curved part of the 7-shaped drain pipe. The longitudinal front view in the position of the fresh water supply pipe 72. FIG. The longitudinal left side view in the position of the fresh water supply pipe 72. FIG. A vertical left side view of a large-scale thermoelectric power generation system in which a large number of thermocouple elements are connected in series. The longitudinal left side view of the vacuum evaporation system which produces the large-scale series thermopile 115. FIG. The front view when the copper thin film electrode group is formed in the surface of the board | substrate 120 at the 1st process of thermocouple preparation (semi-finished product). The front view of the semi-finished product vapor-deposited on the surface of FIG. 13 at the 2nd process. The front view of the semi-finished product of a 3rd process. The front view of the semi-finished product of a 4th process. The front view of the semi-finished product of a 5th process. The front view of the semi-finished product of a 6th process. The front view of the semi-finished product of a 7th process. The schematic diagram of the longitudinal front which expanded what was vapor deposition to the right surface of the board | substrate 120 by tilting to the left. The cross-sectional view of an osmotic pressure power generation system. A plan view of a tugboat loaded with fresh water and propelled during the propulsion period and other operations using electric power obtained by a salinity difference power generation system. An enlarged vertical front view of the left half of the dredger. The enlarged vertical front view of the right half part of a dredger. The expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view of the system which performs the seismic survey under the seabed using the chlorine gas which the salinity difference power generation system 158 attached to the front wall of the freshwater tank 147, and hydrogen gas. The top view of the nasal washing apparatus using a density battery. The longitudinal front view.

Explanation of symbols

1 Insulated container.
2 Fresh water supply pipe.
3 Solenoid valve.
4 Fresh water supply cylinder.
5 Ultrasonic water level gauge.
6 Vents.
7 Salt water supply pipe.
8 Solenoid valve.
9 Salt water supply tube.
10 Ultrasonic water level gauge.
11 Vent.
12 Waste fresh water discharge pipe.
13 Waste brine discharge pipe.
14 Negative conductive wire.
15 to 16 protrusions.
17 Lid.
18 Protrusions.
19 volts.
20 Protrusion.
21 volts.
22 Positive conductive wire.
23-28 Infusion device forming frame.
29 Freshwater supply channel.
30-32 Freshwater drip nozzle.
33 Salt water supply channel.
34-35 Saline drip nozzle.
36 Negative electrode plate.
36B A spacer for forming a freshwater flow space.
37-38 anion exchange membrane.
39-40 Cation exchange membrane.
41 Electrode plate.
41A spacer.
42-44 Freshwater drip fall space.
45 Conductive partition.
45A-45B spacer.
46-47 Conductive partition walls.
46A-47A Spacer.
46B-47B spacer.
48-50 A partition for forming a freshwater flow space.
51-52 Salt water flow down space.
53 Freshwater level detection electrode.
54-56 Waste freshwater drip nozzle.
57-59 Waste freshwater drip drop space.
60 Waste freshwater drain.
61 Salt water drip fall space.
65 Salt water level detection electrode.
66 Waste salt drip nozzle.
68 Waste saline drip fall space.
70 Waste brine drain.
71 Water supply container.
72 Freshwater supply pipe.
73 Salt water supply pipe.
74 Drive device.
75 racks.
76 Drive plate.
77-78 Valve body.
79-80 Parallel units.
81-82 Negative conductive wire.
83-84 plus conductive wire.
85 Connecting conductive wire.
86A ~ 87A Chlorine zone wastewater discharge 7-shaped pipe.
86B-87B Hydrogen zone waste freshwater discharge 7-shaped pipe.
88-89 Waste salt water discharge 7-shaped tube.
86AC-89C Water drop detection electrode.
90 Freshwater supply cavity.
91A-91B Through-hole.
92A to 92B through-holes.
93A-93B Through-hole.
94 Salt water supply cavity.
95-99 frames.
100A Chlorine fresh water supply groove.
100B Hydrogen fresh water supply groove.
100c Chlorine fresh water supply groove.
100D Hydrogen fresh water supply groove.
101A to 101B Salt water supply groove.
102A Chlorine zone wastewater drainage ditch.
102B Hydrogen zone wastewater drainage ditch.
103 Waste brine drain.
104-105 Negative electrode plate.
106 Positive electrode plate.
107A-107B Chlorine / hydrogen waste freshwater discharge groove of unit 80.
108 Waste brine drain.
109-110 anion exchange membrane.
111-112 Cation exchange membrane.
113 Freshwater supply pipe.
114 Salt water supply pipe.
115-116 Large series thermopile.
117-118 Thermal insulation material.
119 vacuum vessel.
120 Deposition substrate.
121 Deposition source.
122-123 Winding drum.
124 Shadow mask.
125-126 rollers.
127 Copper electrode group.
127A connection part.
127B Connection protrusion.
128 Constantan electrode group.
128A connection.
129 insulating film.
129A extension.
130 Copper electrode group.
130A connection part.
131 Insulating film.
131A connection part.
132 Constantan electrode.
132A connection part.
133 Copper electrode.
133A connection part.
133B Connection protrusion.
134 Pressure vessel.
135 Salt water supply relay pipe.
136 Freshwater supply pipe.
137 Hollow fiber membrane.
138 Freshwater discharge pipe.
139 Saltwater discharge pipe.
140 Turbine.
141 Generator motor.
142 salt water supply high pressure pump.
143 Salt water supply pipe.
144 Stern adapter.
145 Propulsion direction change device.
146 Dengeki Explosion Propulsion Machine.
147 Freshwater tank.
147A Maneuvering room.
148 Bow adapter.
149 Drain pipe drive device.
150 Drain pipe.
151 Hose.
152 hose.
153 Main pipe drive.
154 The main.
155 End tube rotating device.
156 End tube.
157 Small holes.
158 Salinity difference power generation system.
159 motor.
160 Booster circuit.
161 High voltage condenser.
162 switching circuit.
163 Explosion electrode tube.
164 Insulation tube.
165 Rod electrode.
166 Waterproof bolt holder.
167 Waterproof bolt.
168 Washer.
169 packing.
170 washer.
171 Furonut.
172 Waterproof bolt holder.
173 Waterproof bolt.
174 packing.
175 Fukuronut.
176-177 motor.
178 Semicircular plate 179 A gear-shaped semicircular plate.
180-182 gears.
183 Motor.
184 Water pump.
185 Front wall of freshwater tank 147.
186 Hydraulic cylinder.
187 piston.
188 Piston rod.
189 Internal cylinder.
190 Air supply hose.
191 Solenoid valve.
192 Spark plug.
193 Piston.
194 Piston stopper.
195 Shock wave generating cylinder.
196 Piston.
197 Shock wave generation board.
198 Stopper.
199 Sea level indicated by dotted lines.
200 Saline container.
201 Hinge.
202 lid.
203 salt storage pocket.
Reference numeral 204 denotes a second bottom wall of the container 200.
205 Air chamber.
206 Membrane valve.
207 Concentration cell.
208 Set of drip nozzle and drip fall space.
209 Salt drop tube.
210 Water flow restrictor.
211 Motor.
212 Pump.
213 Vinyl tube.
214 Cleaning nozzle.
215 Drain nozzle.
216 Vinyl tube.
217 Nose pinching.
218 A pinched protrusion.

Claims (13)

  Each anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane face each other, a salt water flow space is formed between both ion exchange membranes, and a fresh water flow space in contact with the outer surface of each ion exchange membrane is provided. In a system in which a large number of salinity-difference power generation cells that generate unit electromotive force between layers are connected in parallel or in series to obtain high output, a water supply path that supplies fresh water or salt water to each downstream space, other than showing equipotentials when operating Primary side (water supply side) and secondary side that interpose a gas layer, which is an electrical insulator in the drip drop space, or intermittently open and close, to prevent electrical short circuit between the respective flowing-down spaces A salinity-difference power generation system that is made of an electrically insulating material between the (drainage side) and an electrically driven valve.   Each anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane face each other, a salt water flow space is formed between both ion exchange membranes, and a fresh water flow space in contact with the outer surface of each ion exchange membrane is provided. In a system in which a large number of salinity-difference power generation cells that generate unit electromotive force between layers are connected in parallel or in series to obtain high output, a water supply path that supplies fresh water or salt water to each downstream space, other than showing equipotentials when operating Primary side (water supply side) and secondary side that interpose a gas layer, which is an electrical insulator in the drip drop space, or intermittently open and close, to prevent electrical short circuit between the respective flowing-down spaces A power generation method using the salinity difference power generation system according to claim 1, wherein an electric drive valve made of an electrically insulating material is interposed between the (drainage side) and the drainage side.   An anion diffusion fresh water flow space → anion exchange membrane → salt water flow space → cation exchange membrane → cation diffusion fresh water flow space → anode plate In a salinity-difference power generation system in which a large number of unit electromotive force generation cells are packed in a single insulating material container in a series of adjacent plates with different name plates or in parallel with adjacent electrode plates with the same name, The upper edge of each cell consists of a notch or depression on the upper edge of the frame made of an insulating material surrounding the cell, leading to the lower fresh water or salt water flowing space, and the upper part is a through hole leading to the exhaust pipe of the generated gas And provided with a hollow (water tank) for supplying fresh water having a large number of through holes in the bottom wall and a salt water supply made of an insulating material in contact with the upper ends of the through holes, and on the bottom wall. Sequentially connected to the through holes provided A seven-letter shaped waste water which is provided with a valve body made of an electrically insulating material and which comprises a through hole for discharging waste water at the lower end of the flow-down space of each cell, a rising portion connected thereto, and a curved portion facing downward. A series-connected or parallel-connected salinity-difference power generation system used in the salinity-difference power generation system according to claim 1 provided with a discharge pipe.   As the first step, the upper half of the insulating material-deposited substrate surface is plated with a large number of elongated parallel copper electrodes having connection protrusions extending leftward to the extent that they do not reach the adjacent portions, As the second step, the constantan electrode leading to the surface other than the connection projection and the lower half of the substrate is plated, and as the third step, an insulator layer is plated on the upper half, and as the fourth step, insulation is performed. The copper electrode is plated on the body layer and the constantan exposed surface, and as the fifth step, the insulator layer is plated on the lower half, and then the second to fifth steps are repeated an arbitrary number of times, and the final step is Made of copper with connection protrusions on the metal surface exposed in the immediately preceding process, each connection protrusion other than the leftmost connection protrusion in the first process, and the right side substrate surface of the upper and lower intermediate parts of the rightmost plating part The salinity difference occurrence according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is plated. Utilizing the temperature difference between the fresh and salt water supplied to the system, large-scale series thermopile power generation system.   In a vapor deposition device that sequentially deposits multiple shadow masks over the vapor deposition pattern of vapors of metal and non-metallic substances evaporating from a vacuum vapor deposition source, and deposits multiple vapor deposition patterns on a vapor deposition substrate, a single long continuous vapor deposition pattern. The vacuum evaporation apparatus used for manufacturing the apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a continuous shadow mask with perforation over the belt and a driving device for sending the perforation mask one frame at a time are provided.   A large number of semipermeable membrane hollow fiber membranes that allow water molecules to pass but not salt molecules or ions to pass through the pressure vessel, and the outer surfaces of both ends are bonded to each other with a solid material, and fixed to the inner surface of the pressure vessel. A water supply system for continuously supplying low-concentration salt water or fresh water in the hollow fiber membrane, a small-flow salt water supply pump for feeding high-concentration salt water outside the hollow fiber membrane in the pressure vessel, In the power generation system provided with the output drive device connected to the pipe that guides the diluted output salt water outside the membrane increased by permeation of fresh water, and connected to the salt water supply pump connected to the output drive shaft, in the output drive shaft, Connect the generator and the generator motor, connect the generator motor, and provide a storage battery that charges the generator motor's power generation output, and take out the output that provides an electric circuit that supplies the storage battery's charging power to the generator motor through the start switch Having a circuit, Alternatively, a part of the diluted output salt water is led to the output cylinder, and the high-concentration salt water is sent out of the hollow fiber membrane in the pressure vessel by the small diameter piston and cylinder connected to the other end of the piston rod. The osmotic pressure power generation system which can utilize the waste water of the salinity difference power generation system of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   An onboard or towed water storage tank is provided as an energy source, and a built-in fresh water, rainwater flowing on the deck, and seawater outside the ship are provided, and a propulsion device driven by the output power of the power generation system according to claim 1 is provided. Ship.   An electric output of the system according to claim 1 is boosted and accumulated in a high-voltage condenser, and an explosion electrode tube that is held horizontally in water is provided, and a rod-like electrode held through an insulating tube is provided in one end thereof, and a switching circuit Then, a marine propulsion device that applies the accumulated voltage of the high-voltage capacitor to the explosive electrode tube and the rod-shaped electrode tube, and ejects explosively generated water vapor from the other end of the explosive electrode tube.   One end face of a large number of explosion electrode tubes of the same size, which are held vertically, are arranged in parallel in one plane, and a rod-like electrode held via an insulator is provided in each other end. The tube and all rod electrodes are connected to a large-capacity high-voltage condenser at the same time, and the shock wave of water vapor is generated in all explosion electrode tubes. The electric shock propulsion apparatus according to claim 8, which generates a plane underwater shock wave having a large area.   In the seismic exploration system using the shock wave generating cylinder in which the upper end is closed and the lower end is open and seawater is contained, a shock wave generating disk made of a hard material is floated on the water surface in the cylinder, and above the disk, The explosive energy of the flammable gas generated from the salinity-difference power generation system according to claim 1 or the combustible gas supplied from another gas source, or produced by the salinity-difference power generation system according to claim 1 A seismic exploration system comprising a device for rapidly colliding high-pressure air produced by generated electric power or electric power produced from another energy source with the upper surface of the shock wave generating disk.   A structure similar to the bow of a normal ship with the same size end face that can be in close contact with one of the two parallel end faces of a rectangular parallelepiped floating structure (floating body) without a propulsion unit. A general-purpose bow adapter provided with a screwing device for coupling the contact surfaces and provided with a money chamber, and driven by the output power of the salinity difference power generation system according to claim 1 or other energy source Provided with a screwing device having an end surface of the same size, which can be in close contact with the surface opposite to the mounting surface of the bow adapter of the floating structure, provided with a propulsion device and a steering device. A ship navigation system consisting of a general purpose stern adapter.   Through a driving device (joint) that provides a water flow by a pump driven by the power generation system of claim 1 or a pipe for flowing water flowing at a difference in water level to one end of the pipe in a horizontal direction. The terminal is in contact with the bottom of the sea or the lake, a small hole for water absorption is provided on one side of the terminal, and a dredger that can change its position is installed. A dredger with an automatic propelling dredger that absorbs water while generating propulsion and sends it to a landfill area outside the ship.   In a nasal irrigation device that pours 0.9% physiological saline in a fixed volume into the nasal cavity, it is suitable for preparing a fixed volume of rinsing water container and creating physiological saline inside the container. If a sufficient amount of salt storage pocket is provided or an appropriate amount of salt is previously stored in the container at the manufacturing stage, and fresh water is injected into the container with the fixed amount of salt, physiological saline is easily produced. The salinity-difference power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a pipe for supplying concentrated saline and a pipe for supplying low-concentration saline, including a part of the input salt, and the electromotive force thereof. Or a nasal irrigation device comprising a vinyl tube for supplying physiological saline in a physiological saline container to a nozzle inserted into the nasal cavity using a lifting force obtained by manual force.

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