JP2009534078A - 異常呼吸を安定化させる方法及び装置 - Google Patents
異常呼吸を安定化させる方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009534078A JP2009534078A JP2009505964A JP2009505964A JP2009534078A JP 2009534078 A JP2009534078 A JP 2009534078A JP 2009505964 A JP2009505964 A JP 2009505964A JP 2009505964 A JP2009505964 A JP 2009505964A JP 2009534078 A JP2009534078 A JP 2009534078A
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Abstract
【解決手段】患者(10)の換気パターンの安定化を改善する。患者の肺内ガスレベルを反映する、二酸化炭素や酸素等のパラメータを検知するセンサ(4)を用いる。センサ(4)の出力信号はプロセッサ(3)に送られ、プロセッサ(3)は肺内ガスの低下又は予測される低下に対応して、処置しなければ達するであろうレベル以上に肺内ガスレベルを増加するように肺内ガスレベル増加手段(18、20)を起動する。この装置は肺内ガスレベルの低下を抑制し、換気の振動を低減する。
【選択図】図3
Description
(R−R1)
MR=M1 + ―――――― ×(M2−M1)
(R2−R1)
(R−R1)
HR=H1 + ―――――― ×(H2−H1)
(R2−R1)
T=Tmax × TFR × TFP
ここでTは適用する処置のレベル;Tmaxはシステムが提供しようとする処置の最大レベルを規定する主制御変数;TFRはその呼吸パターンの現在の信号に対応する半径による処置ファクタ;TFPは現在の信号の位相角度による処置ファクタである。TFR及びTFPはいずれも0から一の間の数である。従ってTは、ゼロ(処置せず)から最大処置量のTmaxまでの範囲で変わりうる。
2 ペースメーカ
3 プロセッサ
4 センサ
5 遠隔測定ヘッド
6 メモリ
10 患者
11 顔面マスク
12 二酸化炭素容器
13 チューブ
14 呼吸ひずみゲージ(センサ)
15、17 電気配線
16 プロセッサ
18、20 電子機械装置
19 貯蔵容器
Claims (49)
- 患者の呼吸パターンの安定性を改善する装置であって、
患者の肺内ガスレベルを反映するパラメータを検知し、該パラメータを示す出力信号を生成する1以上のセンサと、
該肺内ガスレベルを評価するために該センサからの該出力信号を受け取り、処理するように適合されたプロセッサと、を含み、
該プロセッサは該患者の肺内ガスレベル増加手段に連絡され、該肺内ガスレベルの減少を抑制するために、肺内ガスの減少レベル又は予測される減少レベルに対応(応答)して該手段を指揮するための制御信号を生成するように構成されている、ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記制御信号は、前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段に対して、自然の内因性肺内ガスレベルの減少率(速度)が所定の数値以上である時点において肺内ガスレベルを増加させるように指示を出すことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、肺内ガスレベルの周期的パターンを識別するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の装置。
- 前記制御信号は、前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段の出力を所定のパターンに従って出力させるように適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一に記載の装置。
- 前記パターンは、一般に矩形、鋸刃又はサインカーブの形状を有することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記制御信号は、前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段の出力を、検知された前記肺内ガスレベルの変動に瞬時的に(リアルタイムに)応答して変動させるように適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、処置がなされないとすれば内因性肺内ガスレベルが最大速度で減少しつつあるときには、前記肺内ガスレベルに最大の効果を与えるように、前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段に対して最大の出力を出すよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記制御信号は、前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段に対して、ある呼吸サイクルから次の呼吸サイクルまで徐々に出力を増加させるように指示を出すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記制御信号は、もしも前記出力増加が呼吸を不安定化させるようであれば、ある呼吸サイクルから次の呼吸サイクルまで該出力を一定に保つようにすることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサがアクセスできる、センサの出力信号又はそれからの導出値を記憶するメモリユニットをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記肺内ガスレベル増加手段は、患者にガスを供給するように構成された供給装置に流体接続された肺内ガス供給源を含むことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記供給装置は、顔面マスク又は鼻カニューレであることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記ガス供給源は、純粋ガス又は希釈ガスの加圧キャニスタ若しくはシリンダ、該純粋ガス若しくは希釈ガスの大気圧貯蔵容器、又は患者から集めた呼気ガス貯蔵容器であることを特徴とする、請求項11又は12に記載の装置。
- 前記ガス供給源及びチューブに関連する電子機械的装置に接続され、前記制御信号が、該チューブの空気抵抗を調節するように該電子機械的装置を操作するように適合された、チューブをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項11〜13のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記ガス供給源及び該ガス供給源に関連するバルブに接続され、前記制御信号が、該ガス供給源からのガス放出を調節する該バルブを操作するように適合された、チューブをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項11〜13のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記肺内ガスは二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜15のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 二酸化炭素増加手段は、前記制御信号により制御されるペースメーカ装置を含むことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記ペースメーカは、前記制御信号に応答して患者の心拍数を増加させるように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 前記ペースメーカは、前記制御信号に応答して選択した心室を整調(ベーシング)するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項17又は18に記載の装置。
- 二酸化炭素増加手段は、低酸素ガス源を含むことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 二酸化炭素増加手段は、患者の呼吸流の程度を調節するように適合された空気流量制御要素を含むことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記空気流量制御要素は、患者に吸い込まれる呼吸容量を減少するように適合させた物理的抑制手段(restraint)であることを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の装置。
- 前記肺内ガスは酸素であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜15のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 酸素増加手段は、ペースメーカを含み、前記制御信号は患者の心拍出量を減少するようにペースメーカを操作するように適合されていることを特徴とする、請求項23に記載の装置。
- 前記センサ及び前記プロセッサは、電気配線又は無線通信手段を介して接続されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜24のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサ及び前記肺内ガス増加手段は、電気配線又は無線通信手段を介して接続されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜25のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記センサは、換気センサ、心拍数モニタ、血流速度/心拍数/若しくは胸部インピーダンスモニタ、呼吸ひずみゲージ、血中二酸化炭素/酸素/乳酸塩/若しくはpHレベルのモニタ、呼気中二酸化炭素/若しくは酸素モニタ、サーミスタ、末梢酸素飽和度モニタ、又はこれらの組み合わせのうちの1以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜26のいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 患者の換気パターンの安定性を改善する方法であって、
患者の肺内ガスレベルを反映するパラメータを検知するステップと、
該肺内ガスの減少レベル又は予測される減少レベルに対応(応答)して、該肺内ガスレベルの減少を抑制するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記肺内ガスレベルの減少を抑制するステップは、自然の内因性肺内ガスレベルの減少速度が所定のレベル以上である時点で、前記肺内ガスレベルの減少を抑制するように開始されることを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスレベルの周期的パターンを識別するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項28又は29に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスレベルの減少を抑制するステップは、前記周期的パターンの周期よりも短い期間にわたって行われることを特徴とする、請求項28〜30のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記抑制ステップは、あらかじめ設定したパターンに従って決められる強さを持つ、抑制力を有していることを特徴とする、請求項28〜31のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記パターンは一般に、経時的に矩形、鋸刃又はサインカーブの形状を有することを特徴とする、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記抑制ステップは、検知される肺内ガスレベル変動に瞬時的(リアルタイム)に応答して変化する強さ及び期間を持つ、抑制力を有していることを特徴とする、請求項28〜31のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 最大の前記抑制力は、もし処置されないとすると、自然の内因性肺内ガスレベルが最大の速度で減少するときに発生することを特徴とする、請求項32〜34のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記抑制力の強さは、ある呼吸サイクルから次の呼吸サイクルまで徐々に出力を増加されることを特徴とする、請求項32〜35のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- もしも前記抑制力を増加させることによって呼吸が不安定化する場合は、前記抑制力は、ある呼吸サイクルから次の呼吸サイクルまで一定に保たれることを特徴とする、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスレベルのサイクルの位相及び振幅を決定するために、ある時間にわたって検知された該肺内ガスレベルを分析するステップと、
適切な処置手順(体系)を決定するために該位相及び振幅を参照用の位相及び振幅データと比較するステップと、
をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項28〜37のいずれか一に記載の方法。 - 前記比較するステップは、前記参照用位相及び振幅データを用いて検知した信号の位相及び振幅を補間するステップを含むことを特徴とする、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 処置に対する患者の応答を基に、前記参照用位相、振幅及び処置手順(体系)データがプロセッサによって更新されることを特徴とする、請求項38又は39に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセッサは、呼吸パターンの安定化のために施された処置に対する前記患者の応答をモニタできることを特徴とする、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセッサは、試験的処置の処方に対する前記患者の応答をモニタできることを特徴とする、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスレベルの低下が、該肺内ガスを該肺内ガスの供給源から患者に供給することにより、抑制されることを特徴とする、請求項28〜42のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスは二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項28〜43のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 肺内の二酸化炭素ガスレベルの低下は、低酸素混合ガスをガス源から患者に供給することにより、抑制されることを特徴とする、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 肺内の二酸化炭素ガスレベルの低下は、ペースメーカのペースパラメータを変更して心拍出量を増加させることにより、抑制されることを特徴とする、請求項44又は45に記載の方法。
- 前記肺内ガスは酸素であることを特徴とする、請求項28〜43のいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 肺内の酸素ガスレベルの低下は、ペースメーカのペースパラメータを変更して心拍出量を減少させることにより、抑制されることを特徴とする、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜27のいずれか一に記載の装置を用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項28〜48のいずれか一に記載の方法。
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