JP2009529622A - 排気温度制御装置を備える過給装置 - Google Patents
排気温度制御装置を備える過給装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009529622A JP2009529622A JP2008558743A JP2008558743A JP2009529622A JP 2009529622 A JP2009529622 A JP 2009529622A JP 2008558743 A JP2008558743 A JP 2008558743A JP 2008558743 A JP2008558743 A JP 2008558743A JP 2009529622 A JP2009529622 A JP 2009529622A
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- supercharging device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
- F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
- F01N3/046—Exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/102—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds having thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
- F01N13/143—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings with air filling the space between both walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/001—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel
- F02B37/002—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel the exhaust supply to one of the exhaust drives can be interrupted
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
- F02B37/162—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air by bypassing, e.g. partially, intake air from pump inlet to pump outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
- F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
- F01N2260/022—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/02—Intercooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/007—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in parallel, e.g. at least one pump supplying alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
図1は、過給装置のコンプレッサ部の後で冷気が分岐している、単段過給装置の回路図を示している。
Claims (11)
- 外気取込みのための少なくとも1つの第1ライン(16)と、前記内燃機関(10)の出口側(42)に配置されている少なくとも1つの空隙断熱型排気誘導部(44)と、排気流を分配するための少なくとも1つの制御機構(52、86)と、を有する内燃機関(10)の過給装置(18、80、100、110)であって、
前記空隙断熱型排気誘導部(44)が、制御可能な外気流が貫流している外チャンバ(46)を有することを特徴とする、内燃機関(10)の過給装置(18、80、100、110)。 - 前記外チャンバ(46)が、外壁(48)と前記外壁(48)から間隔を置いて配置された内壁(50)とによって仕切られていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の過給装置。
- 前記外チャンバ(46)には、第4ライン(28)を介して、予備圧縮された外気流が供給されているか、または、負圧が発生した場合に、外気が外気供給ライン(122)を介して前記外チャンバ(46)内へと流入することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の過給装置。
- 前記外チャンバ(46)に供給される予備圧縮された外気量は、前記少なくとも1つの制御機構(24、116)で調整可能であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。
- 前記外チャンバ(46)から流出する予備圧縮された外気は、
排気触媒コンバータ(56)の上流側に向かうように、第3ライン(26)を介して吸気冷却器(30)内へ送り込まれるか、または、前記排気触媒コンバータ(56)の下流側に向かうように、前記内燃機関(10)の排気管内へ送り込まれることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。 - 前記外チャンバ(46)の予備圧縮された外気は、多段過給装置(80)の第1ターボチャージャ(82)及び第2ターボチャージャ(84)に対して排気流を分配するための前記制御機構(52、86)による調整、及び、第1制御機構(24)による調整に従って、第4ライン(28)へと供給されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。
- 予備圧縮された外気は、排気流を分配するための前記制御機構(52、86)による調整に従って、異なる過給装置(100)を介して、前記外チャンバ(46)に供給されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。
- 予備圧縮された外気は、異なる過給装置(110)を介して前記外チャンバ(46)に供給され、
前記異なる過給装置(110)の上流側には、第1切り替え弁(112)が設けられており、
前記異なる過給装置(110)は、排気流を分配するための前記制御機構(52、86)の調整に従って駆動され、その際、予備圧縮された外気量が、第2切り替え弁(116)を介して制御可能であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。 - 前記外チャンバ(46)内の負圧は、前記制御機構(52、86)の調整に従い排気流の一部が貫流している吸気噴射ポンプ(120)を貫流する分の排気流を介して、生成されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の過給装置。
- 外気は、前記第1ライン(16)の分岐を介して、前記異なる過給装置(100)に供給されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の過給装置。
- 前記過給装置は、コンプレッサ部(20、90、94)及びタービン部(54、92、96)を含むターボチャージャ(18、80、100、110)として構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の過給装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006011889A DE102006011889A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | Aufladeeinrichtung mit Abgastemperiervorrichtung |
DE102006011889.8 | 2006-03-15 | ||
PCT/EP2007/051090 WO2007104613A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-06 | Aufladeeinrichtung mit abgastemperiervorrichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009529622A true JP2009529622A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
JP5027165B2 JP5027165B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
Family
ID=37983473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008558743A Expired - Fee Related JP5027165B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-06 | 排気温度制御装置を備える過給装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8365519B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1996805A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5027165B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102006011889A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007104613A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010196584A (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Ihi Corp | 過給装置 |
JP2017082741A (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-18 | マツダ株式会社 | ターボ過給機付きエンジンの排気装置 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102006011889A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Aufladeeinrichtung mit Abgastemperiervorrichtung |
DE102008005067A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Hansen, Björn | Wandelement, Modul und modulares Regalsystem |
KR101509524B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-23 | 2015-04-07 | 보르그워너 인코퍼레이티드 | 배기 피동 보조 에어 펌프 및 이를 사용하는 제품들과 방법들 |
DE102010031853A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasanlage |
US8104281B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-01-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Nested valve and method of control |
DE102011078457B4 (de) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-05-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Ladeluftkühler |
AT512808B1 (de) * | 2012-05-11 | 2014-01-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Fahrzeug |
US9587548B2 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2017-03-07 | Arctic Cat, Inc. | Oxygen sensor cooling duct |
US9541017B2 (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2017-01-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Throttle bypass turbine with exhaust gas recirculation |
DE102015209180A1 (de) | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Abgas-Reinigungsvorrichtung, Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, Computer-Programm und Computer-Programmprodukt |
DE102016212249B4 (de) | 2016-07-05 | 2024-05-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Zweistufig aufladbare direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasnachbehandlung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102016116995A1 (de) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasanlage mit verbesserter thermischer Belastbarkeit |
DE102017200966A1 (de) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-19 | Magna Powertrain Bad Homburg GmbH | Abgasanlage einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine sowie Verfahren zur Abgastemperaturkontrolle mit einer solchen |
DE102017009270A1 (de) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Daimler Ag | Krümmer für eine Abgasvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs und eine Abgasvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
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JPS5655716U (ja) * | 1979-10-05 | 1981-05-14 | ||
JPS63198715A (ja) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気マニホルドの冷却装置 |
JP2004084480A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気タービンを有する排気構造 |
JP2005220778A (ja) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系冷却用空気流路を有する過給式内燃機関 |
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DE10235189A1 (de) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-12 | Weber Motor Ag | Turbinengehäuse für einen Turbolader-Verbrennungsmotor, Turbolader-Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Turbolader-Verbrennungsmotors |
EP1426557B1 (de) | 2002-12-03 | 2013-07-17 | BorgWarner, Inc. | Gehäuse für Turbolader |
GB0308013D0 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2003-05-14 | Prodrive 2000 Ltd | Turbocharger |
US20060283187A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2006-12-21 | Roland Broadbent | Combustion unit for turbocharger |
DE102006011889A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Aufladeeinrichtung mit Abgastemperiervorrichtung |
-
2006
- 2006-03-15 DE DE102006011889A patent/DE102006011889A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-02-06 US US12/282,964 patent/US8365519B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-06 EP EP07704373A patent/EP1996805A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-06 JP JP2008558743A patent/JP5027165B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-06 WO PCT/EP2007/051090 patent/WO2007104613A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5655716U (ja) * | 1979-10-05 | 1981-05-14 | ||
JPS63198715A (ja) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気マニホルドの冷却装置 |
JP2004084480A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気タービンを有する排気構造 |
JP2005220778A (ja) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系冷却用空気流路を有する過給式内燃機関 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010196584A (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Ihi Corp | 過給装置 |
JP2017082741A (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-18 | マツダ株式会社 | ターボ過給機付きエンジンの排気装置 |
Also Published As
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US8365519B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
DE102006011889A1 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
US20100011761A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
WO2007104613A1 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
JP5027165B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
EP1996805A1 (de) | 2008-12-03 |
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