JP2009512508A - トロポエラスチンの使用および生産方法、およびトロポエラスチン生体材料 - Google Patents
トロポエラスチンの使用および生産方法、およびトロポエラスチン生体材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
トロポエラスチンモノマーは、可溶性の生合成物質であり、自然発生するエラスチン前駆体である。これは、脊椎動物において自然に成形される。トロポエラスチンは、Atherosclerosis 37 (1980)において、E.B.Smithによって記載されたような公知の方法で、銅欠乏性のブタの大動脈から単離することができる。トロポエラスチンは、グリシン、プロリンおよび疎水性アミノ酸がリッチな72kDaのポリペプチドである。トロポエラスチンの正確なアミノ酸組成は、種によって異なっている。トロポエラスチンと当該分野で認められている相同性を有する如何なるポリペプチド成分をも、本発明のためのトロポエラスチンモノマーと考えることができる。
トロポエラスチンは、組織中において、各種の四官能性および二官能性架橋結合によって自然に架橋結合され、エラスチンを成形している。これらの架橋結合は、リシル側鎖の酸化的脱アミノ化および縮合によって生じる。二官能性のリシノノルロイシン(Lysinonorleucine)およびアリシン(allysine)アルドールと、四官能性のデスモシン(desmosine)架橋結合との双方が形成される。四官能性のデスモシン架橋結合は、エラスチンの特色である。トロポエラスチンは、リシル残基の酸化的脱アミノ化と、これにつづく、銅依存性酵素であるリシルオキシダーゼ(protein-lysine 6-oxidase)による触媒作用を受けた単肢骨格(monomelic moiety)の架橋結合とによって、トロポエラスチン生体材料に変換され得る。
複合材料を形成する合成または天然のポリマー共材料と、トロポエラスチン系生体材料とを組み合わせたり、生物活性を有する充填剤を添加することによって、トロポエラスチン系生体材料の有用性を、さらに向上し得る。
ヒト胎児の心臓cDNAライブラリー(カリフォルニア州、パロアルトのClontech)を、標準的な方法を用いて、ヒトエラスチン遺伝子(ELN)の特異的プローブでスクリーニングした。
ステンレス鋼ステントを、トロポエラスチンの共有結合による固定化が可能なように改変した。まず、表面を電気化学的に酸化し、アミン末端を有するシランを表面に固定し、ステントをトロポエラスチンコアセルベート中に浸漬し、最後に、トロポエラスチンを架橋結合させてステント表面に結合したポリマー材料とした。ステントの微視的な検査によって、円滑かつ連続的な被膜が確認された。被膜は柔軟であり、そして、ステントの拡張後およびγ線照射後において、そのまま残存している。生物学的な試験について、以下説明する。
トルエン、アセトン、イソプロピルアルコール、酢酸エチルおよびビス(N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル)を、Sigma-Aldrichから購入し、さらに精製することなく使用した。(3−アミノプロピル)トリエトキシシラン(APS)を、TCI Americaから購入した。トロポエラスチン被膜の予備研究のためのステンレス鋼プレート(type 302)を、AIST(American Iron and Steel institute)から入手した。
電気化学的実験を、M270ソフトウェア(米国、ニュージャージ州、プリンストンのEG&G)によって制御されたモデル273ポテンシオスタット/ガルバノスタットによって行った。飽和KCl中に、対抗電極としてPt線(Aldrich)、作用電極としてステントまたはステンレスチップ、および、参照電極としてAg/AgClを含む従来の3電極セルを使用した。
移植すべきサンプルのための全ての被覆処置を、クリーンルーム内で行った。ステンレス鋼箔を、1.0×1.5cmのサンプルに切断し、水性界面活性剤溶液中で30分間、超音波処理し、次いで、1:1のアセトン/イソプロピルアルコール溶液中で30分間、超音波処理した後、オーブン中、70℃、6時間で乾燥した。
図1(a)−(d)は、基材、より具体的には、平坦なステンレス鋼表面における水の接触角を示す。図1(a)は、未前処理ステンレス鋼基材(接触角=60°)である。図1(b)は、前処理(酸化)ステンレス鋼基材(接触角=12°)である。図1(c)は、生体適合性の中間(シラン処理)結合層で被覆された前処理基材(接触角=81°)である。図1(d)は、トロポエラスチンポリマーで被覆された前処理基材(接触角=121°)である。
43個のステントを、国産のブタの冠状動脈内に移植した。ステント術が施された血管を、スポンサーの設備で解剖し、組織学処理のためにCV Pathに送られた。23個の血管には、共有結合したヒト組み換えエラスチン(HRC)金属ステント(被膜厚5μm)が移植され、20個の血管(LAD動脈またはLCX動脈)には、裸の金属ステント(BMS)、すなわち、未被覆の3mm×12mm Medtronic-AVE S7 ステントが無作為に移植された。
全部で18個のステントを、走査電子顕微鏡検査のために処理した。走査電子顕微鏡検査は、血栓の有無、内皮の被覆(endothelial coverage)および内皮の成熟度を評価するために用いられた。処理前に、管腔の表面を露出させるためにステントを縦に2等分し、写真を撮影した。標本を0.1mmol/Lのカコジル酸ナトリウム塩緩衝液(pH7.2)ですすぎ、その後、30分間、1%の四酸化オスミウムでポスト固定した。
血管の障害スコアを、シュワルツ法に従って計算した。各切片の断面積(外弾性板[EEL]、内弾性板[IEL]および管腔)を、デジタル形態計測法によって測定した。新生内膜の厚さを、各ステントストラットの内表面から管腔のへりまでの距離として測定した。面積狭窄率(percent area stenosis)を、式(新生内膜面積/IEL面積×100)で計算した。ステントストラット周囲におけるフィブリン沈着、肉芽腫、赤血球(RBC)および巨細胞性の反応を含む順序データを、各ステント切片について収集して、各切片におけるストラット全数の比率として表現した。
血管のX線像は、湾曲状態を含む血管壁に対するステントの優れた順応性を示す。動物#472−Bにおけるコントロールステントは、ステントの先端において限局的な圧挫像(focal crush artifact)を示す。
7日目群;動物#477−A(テスト):ステントの基端部、中間部および先端部を代表する切片は、ストラット周囲への適度なフィブリン沈着を伴う、新生内膜による微度のステント表面の取り込みを示す。管腔表面は、8%(平均)の断面狭小化(cross sectional narrowing)を伴う、完全な内皮化(endothelialization)を示す。35〜47%のストラットが巨細胞性の反応を示すとともに、3〜6個のストラットの周囲に、10個以下の炎症細胞からなる限局的かつ微度の慢性炎症が存在する。外膜の炎症の痕跡は、全くない。血管壁障害は、まばらに存在するIEL断裂からなり、微度(1)であると考えられた。ステントの不完全密着は、全く観察されない。
SEMに供された最初の12個のステント(テスト:n=6およびコントロール:n=6)は、急性移植片(数時間から1日)であるため、長手方向に沿って二分割する際に、血管からのステントの分離が必然的に生じた。基本的に、全てのステントのストラットを十分に拡張して、血管壁に密着させたが、予期されたような如何なる新生内膜の形成もなかった。ステント表面のSEM分析では、全体的に、テストおよびコントロール群で観察された組織学的な変化において、違いが全く明らかでない。これらの変化は、微度のフィブリン/血小板の凝集、および、限局的な領域での内皮化を伴う、限局的な炎症細胞の付着からなるものであった。全てのステントは、開在性であった。
7日目群において、テストおよびコントロールのステント術が施された血管は、ストラットの周囲に軽度ないし中等度のフィブリン沈着を伴う、新生内膜による僅かなステント表面の取り込みを示す。全てのステントは、部分的に内皮化された管腔表面を有する広い開在性の管腔、および、良好に血管壁に密着するストラットを示す。双方の群において、中膜の断裂が存在したコントロールのステント#495−Bを除いて、血管壁障害は、限局的なIELの断裂からなり、微度であると考えられた。
この出願は、2005年10月19日に出願された出願番号60/728,471の仮出願に基づく本出願である。本件には、仮出願60/728,471の優先権を主張している。仮出願60/728,471の全ての内容は、参照により本件に組み込まれる。
Claims (42)
- 人体内に移植可能な装置を製造する方法であって、
基材の外表面の少なくとも一部に、インサイチューで、トロポエラスチンを含有する生体適合性被膜を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記生体適合性被膜は、主としてトロポエラスチンで構成されるポリマーを含有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材の外表面の少なくとも一部に、インサイチューで、トロポエラスチンを含有する生体適合性被膜を形成する工程は、前記基材の前記外表面上で、前記トロポエラスチンを架橋結合する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材の外表面上で、トロポエラスチンを架橋結合する工程は、架橋結合溶液中に、前記基材を導入する工程を含む請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋結合溶液は、前記トロポエラスチンの再溶解を実質的に防止し得る溶媒を含有する請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋結合溶液は、水非混和性溶媒を含有する請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋結合溶液は、スベリン酸塩架橋剤を含有する請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記基材の外表面の少なくとも一部に、インサイチューで、生体適合性被膜を形成する工程は、トロポエラスチンモノマーを架橋結合して、主としてトロポエラスチンで構成されるポリマーを形成する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材の外表面の少なくとも一部に、インサイチューで、生体適合性被膜を形成する工程は、前記基材の前記外表面の少なくとも一部に、中間結合層を形成する工程と、前記中間結合層の外表面にトロポエラスチンを付着する工程とを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記中間結合層の外表面にトロポエラスチンを付着する工程は、前記中間結合層の前記外表面に、トロポエラスチンを共有結合する工程を含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記中間結合層は、前記基材の前記外表面に、前記トロポエラスチンを架橋結合するためのアミン基を含有する請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記中間結合層は、前記基材の前記外表面に、前記トロポエラスチンを架橋結合するためのアミノシランを含有する請求項9に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記生体適合性被膜を形成する工程に先立って、前記基材を前処理して、前記基材に対する前記生体適合性被膜の付着を促進する前処理基材を形成する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体適合性被膜を形成する工程に先立って、基材を前処理する工程は、前記基材を酸化する工程を含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記基材を酸化する工程は、電気化学的酸化を含む請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記前処理基材は、前処理前の未前処理基材の接触角の約50%以下の接触角を有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記トロポエラスチンポリマーで被覆された基材は、前処理前の前記未前処理基材の接触角の少なくとも約150%の接触角を有する請求項2に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記基材の外表面の少なくとも一部に、インサイチューで、生体適合性被膜を形成する工程に先立って、前記トロポエラスチンを配列して、ポリトロポエラスチン凝集体を形成する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材は、金属材料から形成される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材は、非金属材料から形成される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材は、補綴物である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材は、ステント、コンジットまたはスカフォードを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体適合性被膜は、前記基材上に、実質的に単一層として形成されている請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体適合性被膜は、前記人体内において使用するための薬剤を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人体内に移植可能な装置であって、
外表面を有する基材と、
前記基材の前記外表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する中間結合層と、
前記中間結合層に、付着的に結合されたトロポエラスチンの生体適合性を備える外層とを有することを特徴とする装置。 - 前記トロポエラスチンの生体適合性を備える外層は、前記中間結合層の外表面に架橋結合している請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記トロポエラスチンの生体適合性を備える外層は、前記中間結合層の前記外表面に、共有結合により結合している請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記基材は、前記生体適合性被膜の付着を促進する前処理基材を含む請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記前処理基材は、酸化的に前処理された基材を含む請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記前処理基材は、酸化的かつ電気化学的に前処理された基材である請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記前処理基材は、未前処理基材の接触角の約50%以下の接触角を有する請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記トロポエラスチンポリマーで付着的に被覆された基材は、未前処理基材の接触角の少なくとも約150%の接触角を有する請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記基材は、金属材料から形成されている請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記基材は、非金属材料から形成されている請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記基材は、補綴物である請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記中間結合層は、架橋結合可能なアミン基を含有する請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記中間結合層は、アミノシランを含有する請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記トロポエラスチンは、前記中間結合層上に、実質的に単一層として形成されている請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記前処理基材は、ステント、コンジットまたはスカフォードを含む請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記トロポエラスチンの生体適合性を備える外層は、主としてトロポエラスチンで構成されるポリマーを含有する請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記トロポエラスチンの生体適合性を備える外層は、前記人体内において使用するための薬剤を含有する請求項25に記載の装置。
- 人体内に移植可能な装置であって、
トロポエラスチンの層で付着的に被覆可能な前処理された外表面を有する前処理基材と、
前記前処理基材に付着的に結合された、トロポエラスチンポリマーの生体適合性を備えるインサイチュー外層とを有することを特徴とする装置。
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PCT/US2006/060084 WO2007048115A2 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | Method of using and producing tropoelastin and tropoelastin biomaterials |
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EP (1) | EP1945144A4 (ja) |
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