JP2009298814A - Plant germination repression material - Google Patents
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本発明は、植物発芽抑制資材及びそれを用いた植物発芽抑制方法に関する。更に詳細には、ヒノキ科の葉粉末を主な構成成分とする、あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を主な構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材、及び該植物発芽抑制資材を、対象とする土壌表面に散布及び/又は土壌に混合することにより、あるいは対象とする水中に浸漬することにより、植物の発芽を抑制する植物発芽抑制方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant germination inhibiting material and a plant germination inhibiting method using the same. More specifically, a plant germination inhibiting material comprising a cedar leaf powder as a main constituent, or a plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from the leaves of the cypress family as a main constituent, and the plant germination inhibiting material, The present invention relates to a method for suppressing plant germination, which suppresses germination of plants by spraying and / or mixing with the surface of the target soil or immersing in the target water.
農業、林業、緑化、空き地、宅地および庭園において雑草の発芽や繁茂を抑制する場合、除草剤および人力による排除が行われている。近年、除草剤の残留問題を解決するため、天然素材による雑草発芽抑制技術の開発が行われており、ヒノキの樹皮や枝葉を利用した雑草発芽抑制技術についても、特開２００１−３１９６９号公報、特開平５−１５２５３号公報、埼玉県林業試験場業務成果報告Ｎｏ．４１及びＮｏ．４２、ランドスケープ研究６２（５）によりその効果が報告されている。 In the case of controlling weed germination and overgrowth in agriculture, forestry, greening, vacant land, residential land and gardens, herbicides and human exclusion are used. In recent years, in order to solve the problem of herbicide residue, development of weed germination suppression technology using natural materials has been carried out, and weed germination suppression technology using cypress bark and branches and leaves is also disclosed in JP-A-2001-31969, JP-A-5-15253, Saitama Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Business Report No. 41 and no. 42, Landscape Research 62 (5) reports the effect.
現在、雑草抑制用として使用されている除草剤の大部分は化学製品であるため、生態系および人体への影響が問題となっており、その使用低減が望まれている。また、工場および住宅予定地（空き地）や法面では雑草管理に多大な費用と労力が必要となり、その改善方法の開発が望まれている。また、木材を採集した後に残る枝葉は廃棄物として処理され、林地に廃棄されるかあるいは焼却処分されており、有効な利用方法は未だ開発されていない状況にある。反面、ヒノキ等の枝葉には抗菌性や耐虫性といった有用な天然物質が多く含まれており、その有効利用が望まれている。これまでに、それらの有用成分を工業的に抽出し、添加物として利用する試みがなされてきたが、抽出という煩雑な行程を経るため製品の高価格化を招き、普及の妨げとなってきた。枝葉と同様に廃棄物として扱われてきた樹皮については様々な研究・開発がなされ、堆肥や雑草・病害虫抑制資材として使用されている。 At present, most of the herbicides used for weed control are chemical products, and therefore the impact on the ecosystem and the human body is a problem, and the reduction of their use is desired. In addition, a large amount of cost and labor are required for weed management in factories and planned residential areas (vacant land) and on the slope, and development of an improvement method is desired. In addition, the branches and leaves remaining after the collection of timber are treated as waste and discarded in forests or incinerated, so that an effective use method has not yet been developed. On the other hand, branches and leaves such as hinoki contain a lot of useful natural substances such as antibacterial and insect resistance, and their effective use is desired. Up to now, attempts have been made to industrially extract these useful components and use them as additives, but the complicated process of extraction has led to an increase in the price of the product, which has hindered its widespread use. . Bark that has been treated as waste, as well as branches and leaves, has been researched and developed in various ways and is used as a material for controlling compost, weeds and pests.
しかしながら、特開２００１−３１９６９号公報、特開平５−１５２５３号公報及び埼玉県林業試験場業務成果報告Ｎｏ．４１及びＮｏ．４２に記載されているように、ヒノキの樹皮を雑草抑制資材として用いた場合、敷設厚さを５ｃｍ以上取らないと雑草抑制効果が認められず、資材本来の抑制効果なのか、単なる光の遮断による抑制効果なのかが明確ではなく、従ってヒノキ樹皮を含む資材を用いた場合、雑草抑制効果は低いと言える。また、埼玉県林業試験場業務成果報告Ｎｏ．４１及びＮｏ．４２において、ヒノキ枝葉の雑草抑制効果が報告されているが、葉の粉砕材に効果があるという記載に止まっており、具体的な加工方法や使用方法は言及されておらず、更には葉だけでは効果が無かったことが記載されている。また、ランドスケープ研究６２（５）において、ヒノキ葉からメタノールにより抽出された物質に植物の発芽抑制効果があることが記載されており、メタノール抽出物質であったことから難水溶性物質が主成分であるという推測がなされているが、メタノール抽出物質の中にも水溶性物質が含まれている可能性があることから、発芽抑制効果の主物質を同定するには至っていない。
従って、本発明の課題は、生態系に優しい天然材料であり、且つ未利用材であるヒノキ葉を有効利用した植物成長抑制資材、即ちヒノキ葉を雑草抑制資材として有効利用する新たな技術を提供することにある。
However, JP-A-2001-31969, JP-A-5-15253 and Saitama Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Business Report No. 41 and no. As described in 42, when cypress bark is used as a weed control material, the weed control effect is not recognized unless the laying thickness is 5 cm or more. It is not clear whether or not the suppression effect is due to the use of cypress bark. Therefore, when materials containing cypress bark are used, the weed suppression effect is low. In addition, Saitama Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Business Report No. 41 and no. 42, although the weed control effect of hinoki branches and leaves has been reported, it has only been described that it has an effect on the pulverized material of the leaves, and no specific processing method or use method is mentioned, and only the leaves It is described that there was no effect. In Landscape Research 62 (5), it is described that a substance extracted from hinoki leaves with methanol has a germination inhibitory effect on the plant. Although it has been speculated that there is a possibility that a water-soluble substance may be contained in the methanol extract substance, it has not yet been identified as a main substance having a germination inhibitory effect.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new technology for effectively using cypress leaves as a weed control material, which is a natural material that is friendly to the ecosystem and that effectively uses cypress leaves that are unused. There is to do.
本発明者は上記した課題を解決することを目的として鋭意研究した結果、ヒノキ科の特に葉粉末、あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質が雑草の発芽を有効に抑制することを見出し本発明を完成させた。
即ち、本発明は、ヒノキ科の葉粉末を主な構成成分とする、あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を主な構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材に関する。
更に本発明は、上記植物発芽抑制資材を、対象とする土壌表面に散布及び/又は土壌に混合することにより、あるいは対象とする水中に浸漬することにより、植物の発芽を抑制することを特徴とする植物発芽抑制方法に関する。
As a result of intensive studies aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that plant germination inhibitors extracted from cypress, particularly leaf powder, or cypress leaves effectively inhibit weed germination. Heading The present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention relates to a plant germination inhibiting material mainly comprising a cedar leaf powder or a plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from a cypress leaf.
Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by suppressing the germination of plants by spraying and / or mixing the plant germination-suppressing material on the target soil surface, or by immersing in the target water. The present invention relates to a method for suppressing plant germination.
本発明の植物発芽抑制資材の主たる構成成分は、ヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質である。ここでヒノキ科に属するものとしては、ヒノキ属、クロベ属、アスナロ属、ビャクシン属、コノテガシワ属などが挙げられる。更にヒノキ属に属するものとしては、ヒノキ、サワラ、チャボヒバ、クジャクヒバ、ローソンヒノキ、アラスカヒノキ、オウゴンチャボヒバ、スイリュウヒバ、ヒヨクヒバ、オウゴンヒヨクヒバ、シノブヒバ、オウゴンシノブヒバ、ムヒロなどが、クロベ属に属するものとしては、ニオイヒバ、クロベ（ネズコ）、アメリカネズコなどが、アスナロ属に属するものとしては、ヒバ（アスナロ）などが、ビャクシン属に属するものとしては、ハイネズ、イブキ、ハイビャクシャン、ミヤマビャクシャン、カイヅカイブキ、タマイブキ、ネズ、オオシマハイネズ、ミヤマネズなどが、コノテガシワ属に属するものとしては、コノテガシワ、シシンデンなどが挙げられる。本発明では、ヒノキ属及びクロベ属が好ましく、特にヒノキ属のヒノキ及びサワラ、クロベ属のニオイヒバが好ましい。
ヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を得るための材料としては、ヒノキ科の苗木又は成木から採取した葉が用いられる。材料として用いる葉は、採取直後の葉でも、あるいは長期間、例えば数十年間保存していたものでよいが、裁断又は粉砕したものについては、直ちに使用することが好ましい。また、葉の採取時期は特に限定する必要はなく、春、夏、秋、冬のいずれの時期でもよい。採取する葉齢も特に限定されず、若葉、古葉のいずれでもよい。
ヒノキ科の葉粉末を得るには、採取した葉を粉砕機、製粉機又は食繊機を用いて摩砕することにより得ることができる。ヒノキ科の葉粉末は、その粒経が５ｍｍ以下が好ましく、特に１ｍｍ以下が好ましい。粒経の下限値は特に限定されず、５ｍｍ以下あるいは１ｍｍ以下であればいずれでもよい。このような粒経を有する葉粉末は特に強い植物発芽抑制作用を発揮する。ヒノキ科の葉粉末は、その含水率は０から１００％までのいずれでもよく、含水率に影響されることなく植物発芽抑制作用を発揮する。従って、葉粉末は、加熱下に乾燥機で乾燥して絶乾状態にしたものであっても、あるいは多くの水分を含んでいてもよい。またヒノキ属の葉粉末は、高温下に置いても、その植物発芽抑制作用が失われることがない。
このようにして得られた葉粉末は、そのまま植物発芽抑制資材として用いてもよく、また使用対象、使用方法などに応じて適当な他の材料などと一緒にして用いてもよい。
The main component of the plant germination inhibiting material of the present invention is a plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from cypress leaf powder or cypress leaf. Examples of those belonging to the cypress family include the genus Hinoki, Kurobe, Asunaro, juniper, and Konotegasiwa. Further, those belonging to the genus Cypress include those belonging to the genus Cypress, Sawara, Chabohiba, Peacock Hiba, Lawson Cypress, Alaska Cypress, Ogon Chabohiba, Water Lily Hiba, Hiyokuhiba, Ogon Hiyokuhiba, Shinobuhiba, Ogon Shinobuhiba, Muhiro, etc. As for those that belong to the genus Asunaro, for example, Hiba (Asunaro), etc. belong to the genus Asakusa, as for those belonging to the genus Juniper, the high nezu, Ibuki, Hijakshan, Miyamabiakshan, Examples of the species belonging to the genus Konotegasiwa include Konotegasiwa, Shishinden, and the like that belong to the genus Konotegasiwa. In the present invention, the genus Cypress and Kurobe are preferable, and Hinoki and Sawara of Hinoki are particularly preferable.
As a material for obtaining a plant germination inhibitor extracted from cypress family leaf powder or cypress family leaves, leaves collected from cypress family seedlings or adult trees are used. The leaf used as a material may be a leaf immediately after harvesting or one that has been stored for a long period of time, for example, several tens of years, but it is preferably used immediately after being cut or crushed. Further, the time for collecting leaves is not particularly limited, and may be any of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The age of the leaf to be collected is not particularly limited, and may be either a young leaf or an old leaf.
In order to obtain cypress leaf powder, the collected leaves can be obtained by grinding using a pulverizer, a mill, or a fine fiber machine. The cedar leaf powder preferably has a particle size of 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 1 mm or less. The lower limit of grain size is not particularly limited, and any value may be used as long as it is 5 mm or less or 1 mm or less. Leaf powder having such grain size exhibits a particularly strong plant germination inhibitory action. The cypress leaf powder may have a moisture content of 0 to 100% and exhibits a plant germination inhibitory effect without being affected by the moisture content. Therefore, the leaf powder may be dried in a dryer under heating to be in an absolutely dry state, or may contain a lot of moisture. In addition, even if Hinoki leaf powder is placed at a high temperature, its plant germination inhibiting action is not lost.
The leaf powder obtained in this way may be used as it is as a plant germination inhibiting material, or may be used together with other suitable materials depending on the object of use and the method of use.
本発明の植物発芽抑制資材の主たる構成成分である、ヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質は、ヒノキ科の葉乾燥粉末から水により抽出することができる。具体的には、この植物発芽抑制物質は、例えば、ヒノキ科の葉を加熱下で通風乾燥して絶乾状態にした後で粉末とし、この葉乾燥粉末を水に加えて、超音波処理などによりよく攪拌した後に、得られる水を濾過し濾液中に得ることができる。この濾液をそのまま、あるいはその濃縮物を植物発芽抑制資材として用いてもよく、また使用対象、使用方法などに応じて適当な他の材料などと一緒にして用いてもよい。この植物発芽抑制物質は、高温下に置いても変質せず且つ揮発しないものであり、また水により抽出されることから当然に水に可溶性である。
また、本発明の植物発芽抑制資材の主たる構成成分である、ヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質は、高温でも変質且つ揮発せず水にやや可溶性でありアルカリ性から中性の脂溶性物質である。この脂溶性物質は、例えば、ヒノキ科の葉乾燥粉末からアルカリ性から中性の条件下で有機溶媒により抽出することができる。具体的には、例えば、ヒノキ科の葉を加熱下に通風乾燥して絶乾状態にした後で粉末とし、この葉乾燥粉末を、７０から９０％のメタノール中に加えて、超音波処理などによりよく攪拌した後に、濾過してメタノール抽出液を得る。次いで、このメタノール抽出液を濃縮し、溶媒を溜去させ水を加えて水溶液とする。この水溶液をアルカリ性から中性に調整した後で、酢酸エチル、ｎ−ブタノールなどの有機溶媒で抽出した画分に植物発芽抑制物質である脂溶性物質を得ることができる。この画分を濾過し濾液を濃縮し、得られる濃縮物をそのまま植物発芽抑制資材として用いてもよく、また使用対象、使用方法などに応じて適当な他の材料などと一緒にして用いてもよい。この植物発芽抑制物質は、高温下に置いても変質せず且つ揮発しないものであり、またアルカリ性から中性の条件下で、酢酸エチル、ｎ−ブタノールなどの有機溶媒で抽出できることから、水にやや可溶性でアルカリ性から中性の脂溶性物質といえる。また、この植物発芽抑制物質は、ヒノキ科葉乾燥粉末中に約９重量％の割合で含まれている。
The plant germination inhibitor which is the main constituent of the plant germination inhibiting material of the present invention and is extracted from the leaves of Cypressaceae can be extracted with water from the dried powder of Cypressaceae. Specifically, this plant germination inhibiting substance is, for example, powdered after cypress leaves are dried by ventilation under heating to form a powder, and the dried leaf powder is added to water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment, etc. The resulting water can be filtered and obtained in the filtrate. The filtrate may be used as it is, or the concentrate thereof may be used as a material for inhibiting plant germination, or may be used together with other materials suitable for the use object, the use method, and the like. This plant germination inhibitor does not change in quality and does not volatilize even when placed at high temperatures, and is naturally soluble in water since it is extracted with water.
In addition, the plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from the leaves of the cypress family, which is the main component of the plant germination inhibiting material of the present invention, is slightly soluble in water without alteration and volatilization even at high temperatures, and is alkaline to neutral fat-soluble. It is a substance. This fat-soluble substance can be extracted from, for example, a cypress leaf dry powder with an organic solvent under alkaline to neutral conditions. Specifically, for example, cypress leaves are dried by ventilation under heating to form a powder, and then powdered, and this leaf dry powder is added to 70 to 90% methanol and subjected to ultrasonic treatment or the like. After stirring well, it is filtered to obtain a methanol extract. Next, the methanol extract is concentrated, the solvent is distilled off, and water is added to make an aqueous solution. After adjusting this aqueous solution from alkaline to neutral, a fat-soluble substance, which is a plant germination inhibitor, can be obtained in a fraction extracted with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or n-butanol. This fraction is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated, and the resulting concentrate may be used as it is as a plant germination inhibiting material, or may be used in combination with other materials suitable for the intended use and method of use. Good. This plant germination inhibiting substance does not change or volatilize even when placed at high temperature, and can be extracted with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate or n-butanol under alkaline to neutral conditions. It can be said to be a slightly soluble, alkaline to neutral fat-soluble substance. Moreover, this plant germination inhibitor is contained in the cypress family dry powder at a ratio of about 9% by weight.
上記したヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいはヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を主な構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材は、対象とする土壌表面に散布及び/又は土壌に混合することにより、あるいは対象とする水中に浸漬することにより、植物の発芽を抑制することができる。
ここで構成成分としてヒノキ科の葉粉末を用いる場合には、ヒノキ科の枝粉末、スギなどの他の植物枝葉乾燥粉末などを、ヒノキ科の葉粉末の本来の植物発芽抑制作用を損なわない程度の量で混合して用いても構わない。また、構成成分としてヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を用いる場合にも、他の同様の作用を有する物質を混合してもよく、またヒノキ科の葉粉末と一緒に用いることもできる。また、ヒノキ属の葉粉末または植物発芽抑制物質を、他の固形剤、例えば、酢酸ビニルなどと一緒にして用いることもできる。更には、ヒノキ属の葉粉末あるいは植物発芽抑制物質に水等を加えた後、ペレット状に加工して用いてもよい。
ヒノキ科の葉粉末を主たる構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材を、土壌表面に散布する場合には、該葉粉末が２００ｇ/ｍ2以上、特に４００ｇ/ｍ2以上となる量を散布するのが好ましい。また、土壌に混合する場合は、該葉粉末の濃度が１０ｇ/ｌ以上、特に１５ｇ/ｌ以上となる量を混合するのが好ましい。また、当該資材を混合した土壌表面に更に当該資材を散布することにより、植物の発芽をより抑制することができる。
ヒノキ科の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質を主な構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材を、土壌表面に散布する場合には、該植物発芽抑制物質が２０ｇ/ｍ2以上、特に４０ｇ/ｍ2以上となる量を散布するのが好ましく、また、土壌に混合する場合は、該植物発芽抑制物質の濃度が０．８ｇ/ｌ以上、特に３．０ｇ/ｌ以上となる量を混合するのが好ましい。
上記したように、植物発芽抑制資材を土壌表面あるいは土壌に混合して用いる場合には、ヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいは植物発芽抑制物質に水等を加えた後、ペレット状に加工して用いることもできる。また、ヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいはヒノキ属の葉から抽出される植物発芽抑制物質に、上記した固化剤を添加することにより得られる植物発芽抑制資材は、風雨による当該資材からのヒノキ科の葉粉末あるいは植物発芽抑制物質の流亡を抑制することができるため、特に法面等の傾斜地で植物発芽抑制資材として好適に使用することができる。
The plant germination inhibiting material comprising as a main constituent the plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from the above-mentioned cypress family leaf powder or cypress leaves is sprayed on the target soil surface and / or mixed with the soil, Or the germination of a plant can be suppressed by being immersed in the target water.
Here, when using cypress leaf powder as a constituent, other plant branch and leaf dry powders such as cypress are not damaged to the extent that the original plant germination inhibitory action of cypress leaf powder is impaired. You may mix and use by the quantity. In addition, when using a plant germination inhibitor extracted from cypress leaves as a constituent, other substances having the same action may be mixed, or used together with cypress leaf powder. it can. In addition, cypress leaf powder or plant germination inhibitor can be used together with other solid agents such as vinyl acetate. Furthermore, after adding water etc. to the leaf powder of a cypress genus or a plant germination inhibitor, you may process and use for a pellet form.
When plant germination inhibiting materials containing cypress leaf powder as the main constituent are sprayed on the soil surface, the amount of the leaf powder sprayed is 200 g / m 2 or more, particularly 400 g / m 2 or more. preferable. Moreover, when mixing with soil, it is preferable to mix the quantity which the density | concentration of this leaf powder becomes 10 g / l or more, especially 15 g / l or more. Moreover, germination of a plant can be suppressed more by spraying the said material further on the soil surface which mixed the said material.
When a plant germination inhibiting material mainly comprising a plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from the leaves of the cypress family is sprayed on the soil surface, the plant germination inhibiting substance is 20 g / m 2 or more, particularly 40 g / m. It is preferable to spray an amount of 2 or more, and when mixing with soil, an amount of the concentration of the plant germination inhibitor is 0.8 g / l or more, particularly 3.0 g / l or more. Is preferred.
As described above, when plant germination inhibiting materials are used by mixing with the soil surface or soil, after adding water or the like to the leaf powder of the cypress family or plant germination inhibiting substances, it may be processed into pellets and used. it can. Moreover, the plant germination inhibiting material obtained by adding the above-mentioned solidifying agent to the plant germination inhibiting substance extracted from the leaves of Cypressaceae or the genus Cypress leaves, Or since the flow of the plant germination inhibiting substance can be suppressed, it can be suitably used as a plant germination inhibiting material particularly on slopes such as slopes.
本発明の植物発芽抑制資材を水に浸漬して用いる場合には、例えば、当該資材を小穴の開いた袋状容器に入れた後、水の中に浸漬することにより、水田や池等の水中植物の発芽を抑制することができる。水に浸漬して用いる場合の当該資材の量は、当該資材に用いる構成成分の種類、対象とする水田や池などの面積等に応じて適当に決定することができる。 When the plant germination inhibiting material of the present invention is used by being immersed in water, for example, the material is placed in a bag-like container having a small hole and then immersed in water, thereby allowing water in paddy fields, ponds, etc. Plant germination can be suppressed. The amount of the material used when immersed in water can be appropriately determined according to the type of component used for the material, the area of the target paddy field, pond, or the like.
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
愛媛県新居浜市の山林に人工造林したヒノキおよびヒバ成木より枝葉を、北海道紋別市の山林に人工造林したニオイヒバより枝葉を、また茨城県つくば市においてスギ、ハイネズおよびサワラの植栽木より枝葉を採集し、材料として用いた。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
Branches and leaves from Hinoki and Hiba grown trees artificially planted in a forest in Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture, branches and leaves from Japanese cypress artificially planted in a mountain forest in Monbetsu City, Hokkaido, and branches and leaves from planted trees of Japanese cedar, hines and Sawara in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Collected and used as material.
（１）植物発芽抑制試験Ｉ
採集した葉は、枝に付けた状態で、６０℃に設定した通風乾燥機中で３日間乾燥させた後、人力により枝から葉を採集した。その後、以下の操作を行い、供試体を作製した。
(1) 人力により、葉を裁断したもの
(2) 上記(1)を、パワーミルを用いて粉砕した粉末状物
(1) Plant germination inhibition test I
The collected leaves were attached to the branches and dried for 3 days in an air dryer set at 60 ° C., and then the leaves were collected from the branches by human power. Thereafter, the following operation was performed to prepare a specimen.
(1) The leaves cut by human power
(2) Powdered material obtained by grinding the above (1) using a power mill
上記の操作により得られた供試体は、更にその粒径により、１ｍｍ以下、２〜５ｍｍ、６〜１０ｍｍ、１１ｍｍ以上に篩い分けし、試験に供試した。なお、対照試験体として、同様な操作を行ったスギ葉粉末状物を用いた。これらの資材を、１４２８cm3（縦１７ｃｍ×横１２ｃｍ×高さ７ｃｍ）の透明プラスチック容器内に均等に入れた４００ｍｌの赤玉土の上に、表１に示した条件で資材を土壌表面に均等に散布又は混合し、雑草抑制試験を行った。供試植物には、白クローバーを用い、当該植物の種子３５粒を播種した。育成は、２５℃±２℃、湿度７０％の恒温室内に設置した育苗棚で行い、育苗棚は３，０００ｌｕｘ、１６時間日長に設定した。なお、表中の播種位置については、下とあるものは赤玉土上に種子を播種しその上から資材を散布したもので、上とあるものは資材を散布した後に資材上に播種したものである。また、処理区１及び１９については、赤玉土上に播種を行い、処理区１については資材を散布せず、対照区とした。播種後７日、２４日の植物の発芽率を表２に示した。 The specimen obtained by the above operation was further sieved to 1 mm or less, 2 to 5 mm, 6 to 10 mm, or 11 mm or more according to the particle size, and the specimen was tested. In addition, the cedar leaf powdery material which performed the same operation was used as a control test body. These materials are placed evenly on the soil surface under the conditions shown in Table 1 on 400 ml of red jade soil, which is evenly placed in a transparent plastic container of 1428 cm 3 (length 17 cm x width 12 cm x height 7 cm). After spraying or mixing, a weed suppression test was conducted. A white clover was used as a test plant, and 35 seeds of the plant were sown. The breeding was performed in a seedling shelf installed in a constant temperature room at 25 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and a humidity of 70%, and the seedling shelf was set to 3,000 lux and 16 hours long. As for the sowing position in the table, the bottom one is seeded on red bean soil and the material was sprayed from above, and the top one was seeded on the material after spraying the material. is there. In addition, for treatment zones 1 and 19, seeding was carried out on red crust, and for treatment zone 1 no material was sprayed and a control zone was used. Table 2 shows the germination rates of the plants on the 7th and 24th days after sowing.
表２の結果からも分かるように、ヒノキ葉を粉砕した資材に植物の発芽抑制効果が認められ、特に粒径１ｍｍ以下における発芽率は２０％以下であり、顕著な発芽抑制効果が見られた。また、植物の種子が資材の下にあった場合でも、上にあった場合でも発芽が抑制されていた。これは、屋外における埋土種子（前年に飛散し当年発芽する種子）と当年種子（当年に散布される種子）に当たることから、本資材は全ての場面において植物の発芽抑制効果があることが分かる。 As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the material obtained by pulverizing cypress leaves was found to have a germination inhibitory effect on the plant. . Moreover, germination was suppressed even when the seeds of the plant were under or above the material. This is because it hits buried soil seeds (seeds that were scattered in the previous year and germinated in the current year) and seeds of the current year (seeds that were sprayed in the current year), so it can be seen that this material has an effect of inhibiting plant germination in all situations. .
（２）植物発芽抑制試験II
上記試験Ｉから、ヒノキ葉粉砕物のうち粒径が１ｍｍ以下のものに顕著な植物発芽抑制効果が認められたため、次に散布厚さが植物の発芽率に与える影響を検討した。資材の製造方法は試験Ｉと同じである。
(2) Plant germination inhibition test II
From the above test I, a remarkable effect of suppressing plant germination was observed in the ground cypress leaf having a particle size of 1 mm or less. Therefore, the influence of the spray thickness on the germination rate of the plant was examined. The material production method is the same as in Test I.
１４２８cm3の透明プラスチック容器内に均等に入れた４００ｍｌの赤玉土上に、植物種子を播種し、その上から粒径１ｍｍ以下のヒノキ又はスギ葉粉末（以下、ヒノキ粉末及びスギ粉末と呼ぶ）を２ｍｍ、５ｍｍ、１０ｍｍの厚さになるように均等に散布した。植物種子には、白クローバーとオーチャードグラスを用いた。また、対照として、ピートモス（園芸用培土等に副資材として用いられる有機資材）を、植物種子の上から２ｍｍ、５ｍｍ、１０ｍｍの厚さで散布した。結果を図１に示した。 Plant seeds are sown on 400 ml of red jade soil uniformly placed in a transparent plastic container of 1428 cm 3 , and cypress or cedar leaf powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less (hereinafter referred to as hinoki powder and cedar powder) is placed thereon. It sprayed evenly so that it might become thickness of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm. White clover and orchardgrass were used as plant seeds. Further, as a control, peat moss (an organic material used as an auxiliary material for horticultural soil or the like) was sprayed at a thickness of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm from above the plant seeds. The results are shown in FIG.
図１からも分かるように、ヒノキ粉末を用いた場合では、散布厚が２ｍｍ区においてすでに植物の発芽を抑制する効果が認められた。対照としたスギ及びピートモスでは、発芽抑制効果は認められなかった。 As can be seen from FIG. 1, in the case of using hinoki powder, the effect of suppressing the germination of plants was already observed when the application thickness was 2 mm. In the cedar and peat moss as controls, no germination inhibitory effect was observed.
（３）植物発芽抑制試験III
試験ＩおよびIIの結果から、ヒノキ葉粉末に植物の発芽を抑制する効果が認められたことから、土壌に混合する適切な量を明らかにするため、本試験を行った。
(3) Plant germination inhibition test III
From the results of Tests I and II, cypress leaf powder was found to have an effect of suppressing plant germination, so this test was conducted to clarify the appropriate amount to be mixed with soil.
粒径１ｍｍ以下のヒノキ葉粉末を０、１０、１５、２５g／lの濃度で混合した浄水場発生土を主な構成とし、発芽しやすいよう成分調整された市販の播種用培土（スミリン農産工業（株）社製「セル培土」）に、白クローバー、オーチャードグラス、キュウリ、トマト、ビオラ、ハクサイ、ダイコン、ニンジンの種子を播種し、７日後及び１４日後の発芽率を計測した。結果を表３に示した。 Commercial soil for seeding (Sumirin Agricultural Industry Co., Ltd.), which is composed mainly of soil generated from water purification plants mixed with cypress leaf powder with a particle size of 1 mm or less at concentrations of 0, 10, 15, and 25 g / l, and the components are adjusted so that germination is easy. (Corporation “Cell Culture”) was seeded with white clover, orchardgrass, cucumber, tomato, viola, Chinese cabbage, radish and carrot seeds, and the germination rate after 7 and 14 days was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
表３からも分かるように、ヒノキ粉末を土壌に混合した場合、発芽抑制効果が認められ、特に１５〜２０g／lの濃度で土壌に混合することが植物抑制に効果的であった。 As can be seen from Table 3, when hinoki powder was mixed with soil, germination suppression effect was observed, and mixing with soil at a concentration of 15 to 20 g / l was particularly effective for plant suppression.
（４）植物発芽抑制試験IV
試験Ｉ、II、IIIの結果から、ヒノキ葉粉末に植物成長抑制効果があることが明らかになったことから、葉と枝のどちらが植物発芽抑制効果が高いのかを明らかにするため、本試験を行った。
(4) Plant germination inhibition test IV
From the results of Tests I, II, and III, it became clear that Japanese cypress leaf powder has a plant growth inhibitory effect. Therefore, in order to clarify which leaf or branch has the highest plant germination inhibitory effect, went.
粒径１ｍｍ以下のヒノキ葉乾燥粉末あるいは枝乾燥粉末を０ｇ/ｌ、２０ｇ／lの濃度で混合した前記の播種用培土に、白クローバーの種子を播種し、７日後及び１４日後の発芽率を計測した。また、前記の播種用培土に同植物の種子を播種した後、その上からヒノキ葉乾燥粉末あるいは枝乾燥粉末を３１３ｇ/ｍ2の密度で散布し、７日後及び１４日後の発芽率を計測した。結果を表４に示した。 White clover seeds are sown in the above-mentioned sowing medium mixed with dried cypress leaf powder or branch dry powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less at a concentration of 0 g / l and 20 g / l, and the germination rate after 7 days and 14 days is determined. Measured. In addition, after seeding the seeds of the plant on the sowing medium, cypress leaf dry powder or branch dry powder was sprayed at a density of 313 g / m 2 from above, and the germination rate after 7 days and 14 days was measured. . The results are shown in Table 4.
表４の結果からも分かるように、ヒノキ葉粉末には高い発芽抑制効果が認められたが、枝粉末では逆に発芽促進効果が認められた。 As can be seen from the results in Table 4, cypress leaf powder showed a high germination inhibitory effect, whereas branch powder showed a germination promoting effect.
（５）植物発芽抑制試験Ｖ
ヒノキ科５樹種（ヒノキ，サワラ，ハイネズ，ヒバ，ニオイヒバ）およびスギの葉乾燥粉末を用いて、植物の発芽抑制効果について検討した。採取した各樹種の葉を６０℃で通風乾燥させ絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末状に加工した。粉末の粒径は、１ｍｍ以下とした。透明プラスチックボックスに赤玉土１００ｍｌを敷き詰め、そこに白クローバーの種子を２０粒ずつ播種した。播種後、各粉末を４７６ｇ／ｍ2の密度で播種した全ての種子を覆うように散布した。試験には各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。なお、処理区１は粉末を散布せず、播種後そのまま育成を行った処理区である。発芽結果を図２に示した。なお、ヒノキ科５樹種の属分類を表５に示した。
(5) Plant germination inhibition test V
Using five cypress species (Hinoki, Sawara, Hinezu, Hiba, Niohiba) and dried cedar leaf powder, the germination inhibitory effect of the plant was examined. The collected leaves of each tree species were dried by ventilation at 60 ° C. to make it completely dry, and then processed into powder using a mill. The particle size of the powder was 1 mm or less. A transparent plastic box was laid with 100 ml of red onion, and 20 seeds of white clover were sown there. After sowing, each powder was sprayed so as to cover all seeds sowed at a density of 476 g / m 2 . Three samples for each treatment group were prepared for the test, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. In addition, the treatment section 1 is a treatment section in which the powder was not sprayed but was grown as it was after sowing. The germination results are shown in FIG. In addition, Table 5 shows the genus classification of 5 species of Cypressaceae.
図２からも分かるように、ヒノキ葉、サワラ葉、ニオイヒバ葉に植物の発芽を抑える効果が認められた。ヒノキとサワラはヒノキ属、ニオイヒバはクロベ属であることから、ヒノキ科の葉粉末には植物の発芽抑制効果があることが明らかになった。 As can be seen from FIG. 2, the effect of suppressing the germination of the plants was observed on the cypress leaves, sawara leaves, and scented leaves. Cypress and Sawara belong to the genus Cypress, and the cypress belongs to the genus Kurobe.
（６）植物発芽抑制試験VI
ヒノキ科３樹種（ヒノキ，サワラ，ハイネズ）およびスギの葉乾燥粉末を用いて、植物の発芽抑制効果について検討した。採取した各樹種の葉を６０℃で通風乾燥させ絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末状に加工した。粉末の粒径は、１ｍｍ以下とした。透明プラスチックボックスに赤玉土100mlを敷き詰め、そこに白クローバーの種子を２０粒ずつ播種した。播種後、各粉末単体およびヒノキ粉末と他樹種の粉末を表６に示した量及び割合で混合したものを散布した。なお、各粉末単体および混合した粉末は、総量で１６ｍｌになるように混合割合を調整した。また、各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。処理区１は、粉末を散布せず、播種後そのまま育成を行った処理区である。発芽結果を図３に示した。
(6) Plant germination inhibition test VI
Using three cypress family tree species (Hinoki, Sawara, Hinezu) and cedar leaf dry powder, the germination inhibitory effect of plants was examined. The collected leaves of each tree species were dried by ventilation at 60 ° C. to make it completely dry, and then processed into powder using a mill. The particle size of the powder was 1 mm or less. A transparent plastic box was laid with 100 ml of red crust, and 20 seeds of white clover were sown there. After sowing, a mixture of each powder alone and hinoki powder and other tree species in amounts and proportions shown in Table 6 was sprayed. In addition, the mixing ratio was adjusted so that the total amount of each single powder and mixed powder was 16 ml. In addition, three samples were prepared for each treatment group, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. The treatment section 1 is a treatment section in which the powder was not sprayed but was grown as it was after sowing. The germination results are shown in FIG.
図３からも分かるように、ヒノキ葉粉末を他の樹種の葉粉末に混合した各処理区において顕著な発芽抑制効果が認められたことから、ヒノキ葉粉末を他の植物葉粉末に混合することにより発芽抑制効果が発揮されることが判明した。 As can be seen from FIG. 3, since a remarkable germination inhibitory effect was observed in each treatment group in which hinoki leaf powder was mixed with leaf powder of other tree species, cypress leaf powder was mixed with other plant leaf powder. It was found that the germination inhibitory effect was exhibited.
（７）植物発芽抑制試験VII
上記の試験Ｖにおいて、ヒノキ葉粉末に発芽抑制効果があることが判明したが、粉末の含水率が発芽抑制効果に与える影響を検討するため、本試験を行った。採取したヒノキ葉を、４０、６０、１０５、１５０℃の各々の温度に設定した通風乾燥機中で乾燥させ、絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末状に加工した。また、１０５℃に設定した通風乾燥機中にヒノキ葉を入れ、含水率３０、５０％になった時点で取り出し、ミルを用いて粒径１ｍｍ以下の粉末状に加工した。さらに、乾燥処理を行わない含水率１００％のヒノキ生葉をミルを用いて粒径１ｍｍ以下の粉末状に加工した。発芽試験は、透明プラスチックボックスに敷き詰めた赤玉土２００ｍｌの上に、白クローバーの種子２０粒を播種した後、全ての種子を覆うように各粉末を散布した。散布量は、絶乾状態の粉末は４７６ｇ／ｍ2、含水率３０％の粉末は６１９ｇ／ｍ2、含水率５０％の粉末は７１４ｇ／ｍ2、含水率１００％の粉末は９５２ｇ／ｍ2とした。播種後、１日目〜１３日目までの発芽率を調査した。なお、各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。また、対照区として、種子の上から何も散布を行わない処理区を設けた。結果を図４に示した。
(7) Plant germination inhibition test VII
In the above test V, the cypress leaf powder was found to have a germination inhibitory effect, but this test was conducted to examine the influence of the moisture content of the powder on the germination inhibitory effect. The collected cypress leaves were dried in an air dryer set to temperatures of 40, 60, 105, and 150 ° C., completely dried, and then processed into powder using a mill. Moreover, cypress leaves were put in a ventilating dryer set to 105 ° C., taken out when the water content became 30% and 50%, and processed into a powder with a particle size of 1 mm or less using a mill. Furthermore, fresh cypress leaves having a water content of 100% and not subjected to a drying treatment were processed into a powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less using a mill. In the germination test, 20 seeds of white clover were sown on 200 ml of red crust spread in a transparent plastic box, and then each powder was sprayed so as to cover all seeds. Application rates, absolute powder dry state 476 g / m 2, water content 30% of the powder 619 g / m 2, the water content of 50% of the powder 714 g / m 2, 100% of the powder moisture content is 952 g / m 2 It was. After sowing, the germination rate from day 1 to day 13 was investigated. Three samples for each treatment group were prepared, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. Further, as a control group, a treatment group in which nothing was sprayed from above the seeds was provided. The results are shown in FIG.
図４からも分かるように、含水率０〜１００％までの全てのヒノキ粉末に顕著な発芽抑制効果が認められた。また、１５０℃という高温で処理したにもかかわらず、発芽抑制効果が認められたことから、ヒノキ葉に含有される発芽抑制物質は高温でも変質且つ揮発しない物質であることが明らかにされた。 As can be seen from FIG. 4, a remarkable germination inhibitory effect was observed in all hinoki powders having a water content of 0 to 100%. Moreover, since the germination inhibitory effect was recognized in spite of processing at a high temperature of 150 ° C., it was clarified that the germination inhibitor contained in cypress leaves is a substance that does not deteriorate or volatilize even at high temperatures.
（８）植物発芽抑制試験VIII
これまでの試験により、ヒノキ葉粉末に顕著な発芽抑制効果があることが解明されたが、葉に含有される物質の中、どのような物質が発芽抑制に関与しているのかを明らかにするため、本試験を行った。
ヒノキの葉乾燥粉末からの抽出物を用いて、植物の発芽抑制効果について検討した。採取したヒノキ葉を、６０℃で通風乾燥させ絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末状に加工した。この粉末５０ｇを８０％メタノール２５０ｍｌ中で攪拌し、更に超音波処理を施した。処理後、吸引ろ過を行い、メタノール抽出液を得た。得られたメタノール抽出液を濃縮し、溶媒を溜去させ水溶液とした。この水溶液をｐH７に調整した後、ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、ｎ−ブタノールの順で抽出していき、ｐＨ７ヘキサン画分、ｐＨ７酢酸エチル画分、ｐＨ７ブタノール画分を得るとともに、ブタノール処理後に得られた水層をｐＨ２に調整した後、ヘキサン、酢酸エチル、ｎ−ブタノールの順で抽出していき、ｐＨ２ヘキサン画分、ｐＨ２酢酸エチル画分、ｐＨ２ブタノール画分、水層画分を得た。これら７画分を乾固した後、それぞれの重量を測定した。重量測定後、画画分を７．５ｍｌの１００％メタノールに溶解し、発芽試験に用いた。
発芽試験は、ガラスシャーレ中に敷いた脱脂綿（縦６ｃｍ×横６ｃｍ×厚さ０．５ｃｍ）に各画分０．１０８ｍｌを添加した後、メタノールを揮発させるため吸引処理を施した。吸引処理後、脱脂綿１枚につき１０ｍｌの蒸留水を加えた。蒸留水を添加した後、脱脂綿１枚につき白クローバーの種子を１０粒ずつ播種した。播種後、ガラスシャーレに蓋をし、２５±２℃の恒温室で暗黒条件の下、育成を行った。なお、各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。また、対照区として、１００％メタノール０．１０８ｍｌを脱脂綿に添加後吸引処理しメタノールを揮発させ、更に蒸留水１０ｍｌを加えた後に白クローバーの種子１０粒を播種した処理区（メタノール＋蒸留水区）および蒸留水１０ｍｌのみを添加した脱脂綿に白クローバーの種子１０粒を播種した処理区（蒸留水のみ）を設けた。播種から３日間の発芽率の結果を図５に、播種後３日目の幼根長および胚軸長の結果を図６に示した。また、各画分の収量及び収率を表７に示した。
(8) Plant germination inhibition test VIII
Tests so far have revealed that Japanese cypress leaf powder has a significant germination-inhibiting effect, but it is necessary to clarify what substances are involved in germination inhibition among the substances contained in leaves. Therefore, this test was conducted.
Using an extract from the dried powder of cypress leaves, we investigated the germination inhibitory effect of plants. The collected cypress leaves were dried by ventilation at 60 ° C., and then processed into powder using a mill. 50 g of this powder was stirred in 250 ml of 80% methanol and further subjected to ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, suction filtration was performed to obtain a methanol extract. The obtained methanol extract was concentrated and the solvent was distilled off to obtain an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 7 and then extracted in the order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to obtain a pH 7 hexane fraction, a pH 7 ethyl acetate fraction, and a pH 7 butanol fraction, and obtained after the butanol treatment. After adjusting the aqueous layer to pH 2, extraction was performed in the order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to obtain a pH 2 hexane fraction, a pH 2 ethyl acetate fraction, a pH 2 butanol fraction, and an aqueous layer fraction. After these 7 fractions were dried, their respective weights were measured. After weighing, the fraction was dissolved in 7.5 ml of 100% methanol and used for the germination test.
In the germination test, 0.108 ml of each fraction was added to absorbent cotton (length 6 cm × width 6 cm × thickness 0.5 cm) laid in a glass petri dish, followed by suction treatment to volatilize methanol. After the suction treatment, 10 ml of distilled water was added to each absorbent cotton. After adding distilled water, 10 seeds of white clover were sown for each absorbent cotton. After sowing, the glass petri dish was covered and grown in a constant temperature room at 25 ± 2 ° C. under dark conditions. Three samples for each treatment group were prepared, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. In addition, as a control group, 0.108 ml of 100% methanol was added to cotton wool and then subjected to suction treatment to volatilize methanol. Further, 10 ml of distilled water was added, and then 10 seeds of white clover were seeded (methanol + distilled water group). ) And 10% of white clover seeds were sown on absorbent cotton to which only 10 ml of distilled water was added (distilled water only). The results of the germination rate for 3 days after sowing are shown in FIG. 5, and the results of the radicle length and hypocotyl length on the third day after sowing are shown in FIG. The yield and yield of each fraction are shown in Table 7.
図５および図６からも分かるように、ｐＨ７の酢酸エチル画分およびブタノール画分に顕著な発芽抑制効果が認められることから、ヒノキ葉に含有される物質のうち、水にやや溶け易くアルカリ性〜中性の脂溶性物質が発芽抑制物質であることが明らかにされた。また、表７の結果から、絶乾状態の葉中に含有される植物発芽抑制成分の割合は、ｐＨ７酢酸エチル画分及びブタノール画分の合計収率から判断して、約９％であり、試験Ｉ〜VIIの結果と比較した結果、ヒノキ科葉粉末を土壌表面に散布する場合、該植物発芽抑制物質が２０ｇ／ｍ2以上散布されていることになり、また土壌に混合する場合は、該植物発芽抑制物質が０．８ｇ／ｌ以上混合されていることが明らかになった。 As can be seen from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, since a remarkable germination inhibitory effect is observed in the ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction at pH 7, among the substances contained in cypress leaves, it is slightly soluble in water and alkaline. It was revealed that a neutral fat-soluble substance is a germination inhibitor. Further, from the results of Table 7, the proportion of the plant germination inhibiting component contained in the absolutely dry leaves is about 9% as judged from the total yield of the pH 7 ethyl acetate fraction and the butanol fraction, As a result of comparison with the results of Tests I to VII, when cypress leaf powder is sprayed on the soil surface, the plant germination inhibitor is sprayed at 20 g / m 2 or more, and when mixed with soil, It was revealed that the plant germination inhibitor was mixed in an amount of 0.8 g / l or more.
（９）植物発芽抑制試験IX
上記植物発芽抑制試験VIIIの結果から、ヒノキ葉に含有される物質の中、水にやや可溶性の物質に発芽抑制効果があることが明らかにされた。本試験では水に可溶性であることを証明するため、ヒノキ葉から水による抽出を行い、発芽試験を行った。
採取したヒノキ葉を、６０℃で通風乾燥させ絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末状に加工した。この粉末５０ｇを蒸留水１Ｌ中で攪拌した後、超音波処理を行った。処理後、２枚重ねのガーゼでろ過を行い、抽出液１を得た。また、高温でも変質且つ揮発しないことを検証するため、抽出液１を１２１℃、１．２１ａｔｍに設定した高温高圧滅菌機中で２０分間処理し、抽出液２を作製した。また、抽出液１を吸引ろ過し、抽出液３を得た。各抽出液のＥＣおよびｐＨは、蒸留水を用いて０．９４ｍＳ／ｃｍおよび５．６３に調整した。調整後、各抽出液をバットに入れ、そこに脱脂綿（縦６ｃｍ×横６ｃｍ×厚さ０．５ｃｍ）を１０秒間浸漬した後取り出し、風乾した。浸漬と風乾の操作を１回のみ行ったものと、３回繰り返したものを作製し、風乾した脱脂綿はシャーレ内に敷き、蒸留水１０ｍｌを添加した。蒸留水を添加した脱脂綿上に白クローバーの種子１０粒を播種し、２５±２℃に設定した恒温室内で育成した。３日後の発芽率、幼根長および胚軸長を測定した結果を図７に示した。
(9) Plant germination inhibition test IX
From the results of the above-mentioned plant germination inhibition test VIII, it was revealed that among the substances contained in cypress leaves, a substance slightly soluble in water has a germination inhibiting effect. In this test, in order to prove that it is soluble in water, water was extracted from cypress leaves and a germination test was performed.
The collected cypress leaves were dried by ventilation at 60 ° C., and then processed into powder using a mill. After stirring 50 g of this powder in 1 L of distilled water, ultrasonic treatment was performed. After the treatment, filtration was performed with two layers of gauze to obtain an extract 1. Moreover, in order to verify that it was not altered or volatilized even at a high temperature, the extract 1 was treated in a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer set at 121 ° C. and 1.21 atm for 20 minutes to prepare an extract 2. Further, the extract 1 was subjected to suction filtration to obtain an extract 3. The EC and pH of each extract was adjusted to 0.94 mS / cm and 5.63 using distilled water. After the adjustment, each extract was put in a vat, and absorbent cotton (6 cm long × 6 cm wide × 0.5 cm thick) was immersed in it for 10 seconds and then taken out and air-dried. A dipping and air-drying operation was performed only once and a product repeated three times. Air-dried absorbent cotton was laid in a petri dish, and 10 ml of distilled water was added. Ten seeds of white clover were sown on absorbent cotton to which distilled water was added and grown in a thermostatic chamber set at 25 ± 2 ° C. The results of measuring the germination rate, radicle length and hypocotyl length after 3 days are shown in FIG.
図７から分かるように、水抽出液を加えた全処理区において発芽抑制効果が認められたことから、本資材の主成分である物質は水に可溶性であることが明らかになった。また、抽出液２においても顕著な発芽抑制効果が認められたことから、本資材の主成分である物質は高温高圧処理を施しても変質且つ揮発しない物質であることが確認された。 As can be seen from FIG. 7, since the germination inhibitory effect was observed in all the treatment sections to which the water extract was added, it became clear that the substance that is the main component of this material is soluble in water. Moreover, since the remarkable germination inhibitory effect was recognized also in the extract 2, it was confirmed that the substance which is a main component of this material is a substance which does not change and volatilize even if it is subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment.
（１０）植物発芽抑制試験Ｘ
試験Ｉ〜IXにおいて、ヒノキ科の葉粉末に植物発芽抑制効果があることが解明された。そこで、本試験では葉の採取時期により抑制効果に差があるのか、また葉齢（若葉と古葉）で抑制効果に差があるのかを明らかにするため試験を行った。
採取時期の影響を検証する試験では、茨城県つくば市に植栽されたヒノキ成木のほぼ同じ高さの枝から、１、４、８および１１月に葉を採取し、１０５℃の通風乾燥機中で乾燥させ、絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末化した。粉末粒径は、１ｍｍ以下であった。各月の葉から作製した粉末を用いて発芽試験を行った。透明プラスチック容器（縦１２ｃｍ×横７ｃｍ×高さ４．５ｃｍ）の容器に赤玉土１００ｍｌを添加し、そこに水道水１００ｍｌを添加した。赤玉土上に白クローバーの種子２０粒を播種した後、水道水を入れた霧吹きで各サンプルに約１ｍｌの噴霧を種子上から行い、その後種子全てが覆われるように、ヒノキ葉粉末を４７６ｇ／ｍ2の密度で散布した。粉末散布後に、水道水を入れた霧吹きで各サンプルに約３０ｍｌの噴霧を粉末上から行った。試験には、各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。なお、処理区１は種子上から粉末を散布せず、そのまま育成を行った。発芽結果を図８に示した。
(10) Plant germination suppression test X
In Tests I to IX, it was clarified that the leaf powder of Cypressaceae has a plant germination inhibitory effect. Therefore, in this study, a test was conducted to clarify whether there is a difference in the inhibitory effect depending on the leaf collection time and whether there is a difference in the inhibitory effect depending on the leaf age (young leaf and old leaf).
In a test to verify the effect of the harvesting time, leaves were collected in approximately 1, 4, 8 and November from branches of mature cypress trees planted in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and dried by ventilation at 105 ° C. After drying in the machine and making it completely dry, it was pulverized using a mill. The powder particle size was 1 mm or less. A germination test was performed using the powder prepared from the leaves of each month. 100 ml of red crust was added to a transparent plastic container (length 12 cm × width 7 cm × height 4.5 cm), and 100 ml of tap water was added thereto. After seeding 20 seeds of white clover on red jade soil, each sample was sprayed with about 1 ml by spraying with tap water, and then 476 g / day of cypress leaf powder so that all seeds were covered. Scattered at a density of m 2 . After spraying the powder, each sample was sprayed with about 30 ml from above the powder with a spray bottle containing tap water. In the test, three samples were prepared for each treatment group, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. In the treatment section 1, the powder was not sprayed on the seeds, but was grown as it was. The germination results are shown in FIG.
また、葉齢の影響を検証する試験では、茨城県つくば市に植栽されたヒノキ成木の新梢から若葉を、また古枝から古葉を採取し、１０５℃の通風乾燥機中で乾燥させ、絶乾状態にした後、ミルを用いて粉末化した。粉末粒径は、１ｍｍ以下であった。作製した粉末を用いて、発芽試験を行った。透明プラスチック容器（縦１２ｃｍ×横７ｃｍ×高さ４．５ｃｍ）の容器に赤玉土１００ｍｌを添加し、そこに水道水１００ｍｌを添加した。赤玉土上に白クローバーの種子２０粒を播種した後、水道水を入れた霧吹きで各サンプルに約１ｍｌの噴霧を種子上から行い、その後種子全てが覆われるように、ヒノキ葉粉末を４７６ｇ／ｍ2の密度で散布した。粉末散布後に、水道水を入れた霧吹きで各サンプルに約３０ｍｌの噴霧を粉末上から行った。資材が試験には、各処理区同サンプルを３つずつ用意し、３サンプルの平均値を各処理区のデータとした。なお、処理区１は種子上から粉末を散布せず、そのまま育成を行った。発芽結果を図９に示した。
図８及び９に示した結果から明らかなように、葉の採取時期及び葉齢は植物発芽抑制効果に影響を与えることはなかった。
In a test to verify the effects of leaf age, young leaves were collected from new shoots of hinoki cypress trees planted in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and old leaves were collected from old branches, which were then dried in an air dryer at 105 ° C. After making it completely dry, it was pulverized using a mill. The powder particle size was 1 mm or less. A germination test was performed using the prepared powder. 100 ml of red crust was added to a transparent plastic container (length 12 cm × width 7 cm × height 4.5 cm), and 100 ml of tap water was added thereto. After seeding 20 seeds of white clover on red jade soil, each sample was sprayed with about 1 ml by spraying with tap water, and then 476 g / day of cypress leaf powder so that all seeds were covered. Scattered at a density of m 2 . After spraying the powder, each sample was sprayed with about 30 ml from above the powder with a spray bottle containing tap water. For the material test, three samples were prepared for each treatment group, and the average value of the three samples was used as data for each treatment group. In the treatment section 1, the powder was not sprayed on the seeds, but was grown as it was. The germination results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from the results shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the leaf collection time and leaf age did not affect the plant germination inhibitory effect.
（１１）屋外植物発芽抑制試験XI
２年間空き地になっていた場所に、図１０のような試験区を設置し試験を行った。各処理区の大きさは、１ｍ×１ｍとした。４月初旬、全ての処理区において、試験前に既存の植物を全て人力で除去し、さらに深さ１０ｃｍの耕耘を行った後、以下の処理を行った。処理区１および２は、無処理のままとした。処理区３および４では、粒径１ｍｍ以下のヒノキ葉乾燥粉末を土壌表面に６００ｇ／ｍ2で散布した。処理区５および６では、粒径１ｍｍ以下のヒノキ葉乾燥粉末を２５ｋｇ／ｋｌで混合した。３ヵ月後に各処理区における出現植物の種類と個体数および乾燥重量を測定した。結果を図１０および図１１に示した。なお、コントロール区とは、雑草除去も行わず、そのまま放置した区である。
(11) Outdoor plant germination inhibition test XI
A test zone as shown in FIG. 10 was set up in a place that had been vacant for two years and tested. The size of each treatment section was 1 m × 1 m. At the beginning of April, all the existing plants were removed by human power before the test in each treatment area, and after the cultivation with a depth of 10 cm, the following treatment was performed. Treatment zones 1 and 2 were left untreated. In the treatment sections 3 and 4, cypress leaf dry powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less was sprayed on the soil surface at 600 g / m 2 . In the treatment zones 5 and 6, cypress leaf dry powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less was mixed at 25 kg / kl. After 3 months, the type and number of plants that appeared in each treatment area and the dry weight were measured. The results are shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. Note that the control group is a group that is left without being subjected to weed removal.
図１０および図１１からも分かるように、ヒノキ葉粉末は屋外においても安定した植物発芽抑制効果を発揮することが認められた。 As can be seen from FIGS. 10 and 11, cypress leaf powder was found to exhibit a stable plant germination inhibitory effect even outdoors.
（発明の効果）
本発明によれば、未利用材であったヒノキ科の葉を植物発芽抑制資材として有効利用することができる。また、ヒノキ樹皮を主な構成成分とする植物発芽抑制資材と比較し、本発明資材の抑制効果は非常に高い。更には、本発明を用いることにより、これまで用いられてきた除草剤の使用量の低減化が図れ、人体および環境への影響が少ない雑草の発芽を抑制するための資材を提供することができる。
(The invention's effect)
According to the present invention, cypress leaves that were unused materials can be effectively used as plant germination suppression materials. Moreover, compared with the plant germination suppression material which uses a hinoki bark as a main structural component, the suppression effect of this invention material is very high. Furthermore, by using the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of herbicide used so far, and to provide materials for suppressing germination of weeds having little influence on the human body and the environment. .
Claims (3)
The plant germination suppression material according to claim 1, which is used for a plant germination suppression method in which a plant germination suppression material is enclosed in a container having a pore and immersed in target water.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01153023A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-15 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | Method for suppressing sprouting |
| JPH05213711A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1993-08-24 | Solar Japan Kk | Agent for suppressing physiological activity |
| JP2001086880A (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2001-04-03 | Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd | Mulching material |
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