JP2009247997A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve reduction in motor load, drying accelerated by preventing garbage from becoming lumps, and efficient reduction in garbage weight and volume. <P>SOLUTION: The garbage treatment apparatus is provided with: a treatment tank 12 having a bottom surface comprising a hemicylindrical surface; a heater 38 that heats the bottom surface of the treatment tank 12; a motor 18 that drives a rotary shaft 14; an agitation plate 22 fixed on the rotation end of the supporting bracket 20 fixed at the rotary shaft 14 and folded so as for the front part 22a on the side of forward rotation direction of the rotary shaft 14 to come close to the bottom surface of the treatment tank 12 and for the rear part 22b on the side of the reverse rotation direction to depart from the bottom surface gradually toward the reverse rotation direction; and a control means 50 that controls the motor 18 so as to repeat an operation of reverse direction rotation at a suitable angle during the forward rotation of the rotary shaft 14 and energizes the heater 38. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  This invention dries raw garbage such as leftover and cooking scraps, which are organic wastes discarded from restaurants, restaurants, food factories, food stores, etc. of companies, schools, hospitals, etc., by heating them with stirring. The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus for reducing the volume and reducing the volume.

  As a mechanical garbage disposal device, the garbage is heated while being stirred in the treatment tank and dried by exhausting the moisture as water vapor to the outside of the tank, reducing the volume and reducing the volume of garbage. Is known.

JP-A-2002-370079 JP 2002-346501 JP 2002-282728 A JP 2001-300484 A JP 59-162957

  The processing tank includes a vertical cylinder (vertical type) and a semi-cylindrical type (horizontal type) in which the bottom half of the processing tank is horizontally placed. Patent Documents 1 and 2 use vertical processing tanks, and Patent Documents 3 and 4 use horizontal processing tanks. Also, as a means for heating garbage, one that heats the wall of the processing tank from the outside with an electric heater (Patent Document 5), one that circulates hot air in the tank (Patent Document 2), and microwaves like a microwave oven. There are those that irradiate (Patent Document 1), and others that have a gas-tight structure inside the treatment tank and are depressurized by a vacuum pump to promote moisture evaporation.

  In order to efficiently transmit heat to garbage and generate water vapor, it is important to stir efficiently. When using slats, etc., it is possible to efficiently stir the tank over a wide area by increasing the area of the slats, but the friction between the garbage and the inner peripheral surface of the slats and treatment tank Since the resistance increases, it is necessary to increase the driving force of the rotating shaft of the blade, and a high-output driving motor is required.

  In order to reduce the resistance of the rotating shaft, it is conceivable that the blade plate has a small area, or stirring using a rod-like projection instead of the blade plate, in this case the stirring effect is reduced. .

  When the moisture content of the garbage decreases during the drying process, the surface of the garbage itself acts as a heat insulating material. For this reason, in the case of heating the inner peripheral surface of the tank or using hot air, it becomes difficult for heat to be transmitted to the inside of the garbage. In particular, in raw garbage containing a large amount of carbohydrates such as leftovers, the raw garbage becomes large and small dumpling-like lumps (lumps), and moisture remains inside. In addition, since dust (especially leftover waste) adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the treatment tank can also prevent heat transfer, heating the inner peripheral surface of the tank becomes an obstacle to drying.

  In order to solve such a problem, it is conceivable to add a cutter device for pulverizing the nodule-like garbage or increase the heater output in order to heat the inside of the nodule. However, in this case, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes complicated or the energy efficiency decreases due to an increase in heating energy. Further, circulating hot air (Patent Document 2), using microwave heating (Patent Document 1), or depressurizing the inside of the tank further complicates the apparatus and causes further reduction in energy efficiency.

  On the other hand, in order to discharge the dried garbage from the treatment tank, it is necessary to provide an opening (discharge port) for removing the garbage in the treatment tank. Conventionally, in order to be able to discharge treated waste without leaving it in the treatment tank, this opening is provided at the bottom of the treatment tank (Patent Document 1), but most of the garbage is moisture, A large amount of liquid components such as water and oil separated from the garbage by heating and stirring are temporarily retained at the bottom of the treatment tank. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures for preventing liquid leakage at the opening for removing the dust, and the structure becomes complicated (see Patent Document 1).

  Therefore, in order to prevent liquid from temporarily staying at the bottom and simplify the drip-proof structure of the dust outlet, chip-like liquid absorbers such as sawdust are added to the raw garbage in advance and stirred. Some will do. However, in this case, there is a problem that not only the load of the stirring blade increases and the motor load increases, but also the amount of dust discharged after the drying process increases and the volume also increases.

This invention is made in view of such circumstances,
a) Reducing frictional resistance of blades and the like associated with stirring to lighten the load applied to the drive motor, enabling efficient stirring while reducing the output of the drive motor,
b) Preventing the agglomeration of garbage without increasing the complexity of the equipment or increasing energy consumption, promoting drying and reducing the volume and volume of garbage efficiently.
An object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal apparatus.

  In a garbage processing apparatus for drying by heating while stirring garbage, a treatment tank having a bottom surface formed of a semi-cylindrical surface centering on a horizontal rotation axis, a heater for heating the bottom surface of the treatment tank, A motor that rotates the rotating shaft, and a forward portion of the rotating shaft that is fixed to a rotating end of a support arm fixed to the rotating shaft is close to the bottom surface of the processing tank, and a rear portion of the rotating shaft is A stirring plate bent so as to gradually move away from the bottom surface in the reverse rotation direction, and a control means for controlling the motor and heating the heater so as to repeat an appropriate angle reverse operation during normal rotation of the rotating shaft; Is achieved by the garbage processing apparatus characterized by comprising.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
i) During normal rotation of the motor, the stirring plate mainly moves up and down so that the leading edge enters between the garbage and the bottom of the treatment tank, and the garbage is lifted by the inclined surface (rear part) on the trailing edge side and then dropped. Therefore, the frictional resistance between the garbage and the stirring plate and the tank inner peripheral surface can be reduced, and the load on the motor is reduced. That is, it is not necessary to enter and turn into the garbage, and it is not necessary to forcibly move the garbage by being caught on the stirring plate. For this reason, efficient stirring can be achieved while reducing the output of the motor.
ii) The front edge (the edge on the forward rotation direction side) at the time of normal rotation of the stirring plate scrapes off the burned garbage adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the treatment tank (scraper action). For this reason, heat transfer from the treatment tank to the garbage can be improved. On the other hand, the stirrer stirs the garbage when it rotates forward at a predetermined angle, and then reverses by a certain angle, so when it reverses, it crushes the dumped garbage with sandwiched garbage between the trailing edge and the bottom of the stirrer plate. Can be fine. Furthermore, the heat transfer from the bottom surface to the garbage can be improved by pressing the garbage against the bottom surface. In other words, the effect of accelerating the heating by pressing the ingredients with a trowel on the frying pan can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to prevent garbage from being agglomerated without increasing the complexity of the apparatus and without increasing energy consumption, and to dry efficiently. As a result, the amount of garbage can be reduced and the volume can be reduced.

  The rear part of the stirring plate, that is, the part on the reverse direction side, may be twisted so that the phase changes continuously or stepwise toward one of the rotating shafts (Claim 2). In this way, the garbage is guided to the rear part of the stirring plate when the stirring plate is rotated forward, and moves to one side of the rotating shaft, and moves to the opposite side when the stirring plate rotates reversely. That is, since the garbage can be moved to one or the other of the rotating shafts, the flow of the garbage can be diversified, complicated and turbulent, and the drying of the garbage can be promoted and the processing can be promoted.

  In this case, a cutter blade can be attached to the support arm that holds the phase delay side of the rear part of the stirring plate and the inner wall of the treatment tank that faces the support arm. That is, by repeating forward and reverse rotation of the stirring plate and increasing the rotation ratio (ratio) in the forward rotation direction, the garbage is collected on one side in the treatment tank, and the garbage is cut off by the cutter blade provided here for efficient operation. It is for cutting garbage.

  If a discharge port is opened at a position higher than the rotation axis of the wall on the opposite side of the cutter blade in the treatment tank, the treated waste is collected on the discharge port side by reversing the stirring plate and then out of here. It can be discharged (claim 4). That is, the treated waste can be discharged efficiently. Further, since it is not necessary to provide the discharge port at the bottom of the treatment tank, there is no problem of liquid leakage from the discharge port, and the discharge port does not need to have a drip-proof structure. For this reason, it is not necessary to add sawdust that absorbs the liquid component to the garbage and treat it, and the reduction and volume reduction of the garbage can be further promoted.

  An exhaust port and an air supply port are provided at the top of the treatment tank, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor provided at the exhaust port falls below a predetermined level, it is determined that water vapor has been generated and it has been dried. The dried and dried garbage may be discharged from the discharge port (claim 5). In this case, automatic driving can be performed.

  A plurality of stirring plates are preferably provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the rotation axis. This is because the drive load fluctuation of the rotating shaft is reduced. Two, three, four or more stirring plates can be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The stirring plate may be approximately the same length as the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft in the treatment tank, but may be a length obtained by dividing the rotating shaft into approximately two parts and three parts in the longitudinal direction.

  1 is a perspective view of a processing tank used in one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a plan view, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a stirring plate, and FIG. FIG.

  In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 denotes a main body case of the processing apparatus, which is made of a metal plate such as stainless steel in a substantially box shape. A processing tank 12 shown in FIG. 1 is incorporated in the main body case 10. The treatment tank 12 has a bottom surface 12a composed of a half (semi-cylindrical surface) obtained by cutting a cylindrical surface centered on a horizontal axis in the left-right direction by a horizontal plane including the axis, a front wall 12b rising upward from the bottom surface 12a, and a rear It has a wall 12c, a left side wall 12d, and a right side wall 12e. The treatment tank 12 is made of a metal plate having good heat conductivity such as a stainless steel plate.

  Reference numeral 14 denotes a rotation shaft, which is located on the central axis of the cylindrical surface that becomes the bottom surface 12a of the processing tank 12, and both ends penetrate the left and right side walls 12d and 12e of the processing tank 12 and are supported by bearings 16 and 16. . An output shaft of an electric motor 18 with a speed reducer is connected to the left end of the rotating shaft 14. For this reason, the rotating shaft 14 can be rotated forward and backward. 2 and 4, arrow A indicates the forward rotation direction, and arrow B indicates the reverse rotation direction.

  A pair of left and right support arms 20 (20a, 20b) facing the left side wall 12d and the right side wall 12e of the processing tank 12 are fixed to the rotating shaft 14. The support arm 20 is formed of a long plate slightly shorter than the diameter of the cylindrical surface forming the bottom surface 12a of the processing tank 12, and the rotating shaft 14 passes through the center in the length direction. The left and right support arms 20 a and 20 b are fixed so as to be in phase with the rotation shaft 14. That is, when viewed from the side, both support arms 20a and 20b overlap. Both the support arms 20a and 20b may be fixed to the rotating shaft 14 by shifting the phase in the twisting direction of the stirring plate 22 described later.

  Stirring plates 22 and 22 are fixed to the rotating ends of the support arms 20a and 20b. That is, the stirring plates 22 and 22 are coupled so as to connect the tips of the supporting arms 20a and 20b in phase, and the stirring plates 22 and 22 and the supporting arms 20a and 20b form a substantially square shape as shown in FIG.

  In the stirring plate 22, the front portion 22 </ b> A on the forward rotation direction (arrow A direction) side of the rotating shaft 14 is close to the bottom surface 12 a of the processing tank 12. At this time, it is desirable that the front edge 22c of the front portion 22a slide while making slight contact with the bottom surface 12a. A separate tongue-like elastic material (such as a leaf spring or a resin plate) may be fixed to the front edge 22c.

  Further, the rear portion 22b of the rotating shaft 14 on the reverse rotation direction (arrow B direction) side is bent so as to gradually move away from the bottom surface 12a in the reverse rotation direction. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rear portion 22b is twisted toward one side (left side) of the rotating shaft 14 so that the phase during normal rotation is continuously delayed (see FIG. 4).

  A garbage input 24 is opened at the top of the treatment tank 12, and this input 24 can be opened and closed by a lid plate 26. If garbage is thrown in from this insertion port 24 and the rotating shaft 14 is rotated in the normal rotation direction (A direction) by the motor 18, the garbage is left of the rotating shaft 14 by the twist provided in the rear portion 22b of the stirring plate 22. Move to. In this embodiment, cutter blades 28 and 30 (FIGS. 4 and 5) are fixed to the left support arm 20a and the left side wall 12d which is the inner wall of the treatment tank 12 facing the left support arm 20a. The cutter blades 28 and 30 are periodically meshed with the rotation of the support arm 20a to cut the garbage.

  In this embodiment, both ends of the support arm 20a are also bent toward the left side wall 12, and the bent portions 32 and 32 are used as auxiliary cutter blades for cutting garbage. Resin spacers 34 and 36 facing the left side wall 12d and the right side wall 12e are attached to the support arms 20a and 20b, respectively, and the spacers 34 and 36 are in sliding contact with the left and right side walls 12d and 12e, thereby supporting arms. The space | interval of 20a, 20b and the left and right side walls 12d, 12e is secured.

  An electric heater 38 is fixed to the outer periphery of the bottom surface 12 a of the processing tank 12. The heater 38 is controlled by the control means 50 described later, and heats the processing tank 12. The front wall 12b of the processing tank 12 is formed with a discharge port 40 for taking out the processed dust. The discharge port 40 opens at a position higher than the rotation shaft 14. The discharge port 40 can be opened and closed by an open / close lid 42. A jar 44 is attached to the discharge port 40, and the trash from the discharge port 40 is guided to a container (not shown) placed below the jar 44.

  In the rear wall 12b of the processing tank 12, an exhaust port 46 and an air supply port 48 are opened at a sufficiently high position. The exhaust port 46 discharges air containing water vapor generated from raw garbage heated in the treatment tank 12 to the outside. The air containing water vapor may be exhausted to the atmosphere as it is, but when odor becomes a problem, it may be circulated through a closed circuit including a condenser (condenser). In this case, the air containing a large amount of water vapor exiting the exhaust port 46 is cooled by a condenser to condense the water vapor and drain it into water, while returning the air from which the water vapor has been removed to the air supply port 48. It should circulate.

  In FIG. 5, reference numeral 50 denotes a control means, which controls the motor 18, the heater 38, etc. according to the processing status of garbage and enables automatic operation. The control means 50 has a built-in computer and performs predetermined control according to a preset program. That is, the rotation angle θ of the rotary shaft 14 is detected by the encoder 52, the air (exhaust) temperature t passing through the exhaust port 46 is detected by the temperature sensor 54 provided at the exhaust port 46, and the temperature T of the processing tank 12 is detected by the temperature sensor 56. These outputs θ, t, and T are input to the control means 50.

  An appropriate amount of garbage is introduced from the insertion port 24, and the control means 50 heats the heater 38 and turns the motor 18 forward and backward by turning on a start switch (not shown). The amount of raw garbage is determined so that the liquid level does not exceed the height of the rotary shaft 14 when it becomes liquid in the treatment tank 12. Based on the output θ of the encoder 52, the control means 50 rotates the rotating shaft 14 forward by a predetermined angle (for example, about 180 °) and then reverses the rotation shaft by a small angle (for example, about 60 °). By repeating forward and reverse in this way, the garbage can be heated to promote the evaporation of moisture while breaking the dumped garbage. The ratios such as the forward / reverse rotation angle and the rotation time may be changed depending on the processing state of the garbage.

  When the forward rotation angle is larger than the reverse rotation angle, the garbage is transferred to one (left side) in the treatment tank 12. For this reason, the garbage is finely cut by the cutter blades 28 and 30 and the bent portion 32. Since the stirring plate 22 is agitated by lifting the garbage at the rear portion 22b and dropping it onto the bottom surface 12a of the processing tank 12 during normal rotation, the load on the motor 18 is small. In addition, the front edge 22c of the stirring plate 22 scrapes off raw garbage fixed to the bottom surface 12a, in particular, cooked rice, so that heat transfer efficiency from the processing tank 12 to the raw garbage can be improved.

  While the heating of the heater 38 is continued while rotating the rotating shaft 14 forward and backward, the garbage is liquefied and moisture is evaporated by the heating of the heater 38. The temperature of air containing water vapor is higher than a high temperature (predetermined temperature) when there is a lot of water vapor, but when the water vapor decreases, the temperature drops to another predetermined temperature. When the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature, the control means 50 determines that the moisture has been sufficiently reduced and dried. Then, the control means 50 reverses the rotating shaft 14 and pushes up the cut and dried raw garbage while moving it to the opposite side (right side) of the processing tank 12. For this reason, the pushed-up dust collects in the vicinity of the discharge port 40. Therefore, if the container is placed under the tub 44 and the opening / closing lid 42 is opened, the dust can be discharged into the container.

  The control means 50 constantly monitors the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 56 and controls the heater 38 so that the temperature T becomes constant during the garbage drying process. If the garbage contains water, the temperature T does not become abnormally high because the water evaporates. When the temperature T becomes abnormally high, a certain process for safety is performed such as turning off the heater 38.

  FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of the main part showing another embodiment of the stirring plate. In this embodiment, the shape of the stirring plate 122 is different from the embodiment shown in FIGS. That is, the stirring plate 122 fixed to the rotating end of the support arm 120 is formed by smoothly and continuously twisting the rear portion 122b with respect to the front portion 122a of the rotating shaft 114 in the normal rotation direction (arrow A direction). It is. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the garbage is peeled off from the bottom surface 112a of the processing tank 112 by the front edge 122c of the stirring plate 122 and guided to the surface (upper surface) on the rotating shaft 114 side of the stirring plate 122, and on the upper surface of the rear portion 122b. Guided smoothly. For this reason, garbage is stirred smoothly and the load on the motor is reduced.

The perspective view of the processing tank used for one Example of this invention Similarly side sectional view of one embodiment Similarly, a plan view of one embodiment Perspective view showing stirring plate Diagram showing control system Side sectional view showing another embodiment of the stirring plate

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Main body case 12, 112 Processing tank 12a, 112a Bottom face 14, 114 Rotating shaft 18 Drive motor 20, 120 Support arm 22, 122 Stirring plate 22a, 122a Front part 22b, 122b Rear part 22c, 122c Front edge 24 Garbage inlet 28 30 cutter blade 38 heater 40 dust discharge port 46 exhaust port 48 air supply port 50 control means 54 temperature sensor A arrow indicating forward rotation direction B arrow indicating reverse rotation direction

Claims (5)

In the garbage processing device that dries the garbage by heating it with stirring,
A treatment tank having a bottom surface comprising a semi-cylindrical surface centered on a horizontal rotation axis;
A heater for heating the bottom surface of the treatment tank;
A motor that rotationally drives the rotating shaft;
The front part of the rotating shaft fixed to the rotating end of the support arm fixed to the rotating shaft is close to the bottom surface of the processing tank, and the rear part of the rotating direction side is gradually separated from the bottom surface in the reverse direction. A stir plate bent like
Control means for controlling the motor and repeating the operation of reversing the angle appropriately during normal rotation of the rotating shaft and causing the heater to generate heat;
A garbage disposal apparatus comprising:   2. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rear portion of the stirring plate on the reverse direction side is twisted so that the phase changes toward one of the rotation shafts.   The garbage disposal apparatus of Claim 2 with which the cutter blade which cuts garbage is attached to the support arm holding the phase delay side of the rear part of a stirring board, and the inner wall of the processing tank facing this support arm.   4. The garbage according to claim 3, wherein the treatment tank is formed with a discharge port that opens to a position higher than the rotation axis of the wall opposite to the cutter blade, and the control means discharges the garbage from the discharge port by reversing the motor. Processing equipment.   The upper part of the treatment tank is provided with an exhaust port for introducing air containing water vapor flowing in the treatment tank to the outside of the treatment tank and an air supply port for guiding outside air or air from which water vapor has been removed to the treatment tank. A temperature sensor is provided, and the control means performs a drying processing operation of rotating the motor forward and reverse and heating the heater while the detected temperature of the exhaust temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, while the detected temperature of the exhaust temperature sensor is 5. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when the temperature becomes equal to or lower than another set temperature lower than the temperature, a discharge processing operation is performed in which the processed garbage is discharged from the discharge port by continuously reversing the motor.

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