JP2009245923A - Secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a secondary battery capable of improving cycle characteristics while securing initial charge and discharge characteristics. <P>SOLUTION: The secondary battery includes a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 as well as an electrolytic liquid, and the electrolytic liquid is impregnated into a separator 23 installed between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. The negative electrode active material layer 22B of the negative electrode 22 contains a plurality of negative electrode active material particles having silicon, an oxide-containing film to cover the surface of the negative electrode active material particles, and a metal material which is installed in the gap in the negative electrode active material layer 22B and which does not alloy with lithium. The solvent of the electrolytic liquid contains an isocyanate compound having an isocyanate group and an electron attractive group. When charging and discharging, expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material layer 22B are suppressed, and decomposition reaction of the electrolytic liquid is suppressed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a secondary battery including a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer and an electrolyte including a solvent.

  In recent years, portable electronic devices such as a camera-integrated VTR (video tape recorder), a mobile phone, or a laptop computer have been widely used, and there is a strong demand for miniaturization, weight reduction, and long life. Accordingly, as a power source for portable electronic devices, development of a battery, in particular, a secondary battery that is lightweight and capable of obtaining a high energy density is underway.

  Among them, a secondary battery (so-called lithium ion secondary battery) that uses the insertion and release of lithium ions for charge / discharge reactions is highly expected because a higher energy density can be obtained than a lead battery or a nickel cadmium battery.

As for the composition of the electrolytic solution used in the secondary battery, a technique using a compound having an isocyanate group (—NCO) (isocyanate compound) has been proposed in order to improve cycle characteristics and storage characteristics. As this isocyanate compound, a compound in which one or two or more isocyanate groups are introduced into a benzene ring (for example, see Patent Document 1), a low molecular weight (500 or less) compound (for example, see Patent Document 2), and the like. , X-NCO (X is hydrogen or aliphatic hydrocarbon, etc.) or Z-Y-NCO (Z is hydrogen or aliphatic hydrocarbon, Y is -S (= O) _2- or aliphatic. A compound represented by a hydrocarbon (for example, see Patent Document 3) or a compound represented by an OCN-R-NCO (R is an aliphatic carbon chain or the like) (for example, Patent Document 3). 4, etc.) are used.
JP 2002-008719 A JP 2005-259641 A JP 2006-164759 A JP 2007-242411 A

In addition, techniques using a compound having a cyano group (—CN) (cyano compound) and a compound having a sulfonyl group (—S (═O) ₂ —) (sulfonyl compound) have also been proposed. As this cyano compound, acetonitrile or the like (for example, see Patent Document 5), a compound having a cyanoethyl group (for example, see Patent Document 6), or the like is used. As the sulfonyl compound, a compound in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon group is bonded to a sulfonyl group (see, for example, Patent Document 7) is used.
JP 2004-179146 A JP 2000-243442 A JP 2007-273395 A

  In recent years, portable electronic devices have become more sophisticated and multifunctional, and their power consumption tends to increase. Along with this, charging / discharging of the secondary battery is frequently repeated, and the cycle characteristics are likely to deteriorate. For this reason, the further improvement is desired regarding the cycling characteristics of a secondary battery. In this case, in order to obtain excellent cycle characteristics, it is also important to ensure initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a secondary battery capable of improving cycle characteristics while ensuring initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  The secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer, and an electrolyte containing a solvent, and the negative electrode active material layer includes a plurality of negative electrode active material particles having silicon as a constituent element, and a negative electrode An oxide-containing film that covers the surface of the active material particles, an electrode reactant provided in a gap in the negative electrode active material layer, and at least one of a metal material that does not form an alloy as a constituent element, and a solvent Contains at least one of an isocyanate compound represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and a sulfonyl compound represented by formula (3).

（Ｒ１は１価の有機基であり、Ｘは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｏ−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −あるいは−Ｏ−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −である。ただし、ＸはＲ１中の炭素原子に結合している。）

(R1 is a monovalent organic group, and X is —C (═O) —, —O—C (═O) —, —S (═O) —, —O—S (═O) —, — S (= O) ₂ — or —O—S (═O) ₂ —, wherein X is bonded to the carbon atom in R 1.

（Ｒ２はｚ価の有機基であり、ｚは２以上の整数である。ただし、イソシアネート基中の窒素原子はＲ２中の炭素原子に結合している。）

(R2 is a z-valent organic group, and z is an integer of 2 or more, provided that the nitrogen atom in the isocyanate group is bonded to the carbon atom in R2).

（Ｒ３およびＲ４はハロゲン基、イソシアネート基あるいはシアノ基である。）

(R3 and R4 are a halogen group, an isocyanate group or a cyano group.)

  The “organic group” in the formulas (1) and (2) is a general term for groups having a carbon chain or a carbocycle as a basic skeleton, and one or more elements other than carbon such as hydrogen. You may have. For example, examples of the “monovalent organic group” include an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halide thereof, or a derivative thereof, and the “divalent organic group” includes an alkylene group and an arylene. Groups, their halides, or derivatives thereof. The “halide” is a group in which at least a part of the above-described alkyl group or the like is substituted with a halogen. Further, the “derivative” is a group in which one or more substituents are introduced into the above-described alkyl group or the like.

  In addition, what corresponds to the sulfonyl compound shown to Formula (3) shall be excluded from the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1). Moreover, R3 and R4 in Formula (3) may be the same or different.

  According to the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode includes a plurality of negative electrode active material particles having silicon, an oxide-containing film covering the surface of the negative electrode active material particles, and a gap in the negative electrode active material layer And at least one of metal materials having a metal element that is not alloyed with the electrode reactant. Moreover, the solvent of electrolyte solution contains at least 1 sort (s) of the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1) and Formula (2), and the sulfonyl compound shown to Formula (3). In this case, as compared with the case where the negative electrode active material layer does not contain an oxide-containing film and a metal material, expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material layer at the time of charge / discharge are suppressed and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed. It is suppressed. In addition, the chemical stability of the electrolyte is improved compared to the case where the solvent does not contain the above-mentioned isocyanate compound and sulfonyl compound, or the case where the solvent contains other isocyanate compound and sulfonyl compound that do not correspond to them. Therefore, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution during charging / discharging is suppressed. Therefore, cycle characteristics can be improved while ensuring initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
1 and 2 show a cross-sectional configuration of the secondary battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an enlarged part of the wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG. Yes. The secondary battery described here is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is expressed based on insertion and extraction of lithium ions that are electrode reactants.

  This secondary battery mainly includes a wound electrode body 20 in which a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 are laminated and wound through a separator 23 inside a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11 and a pair of insulating plates. 12 and 13 are accommodated. The battery structure using the cylindrical battery can 11 is called a cylindrical type.

  The battery can 11 has, for example, a hollow structure in which one end is closed and the other end is opened, and is made of iron, aluminum, or an alloy thereof. In addition, when the battery can 11 is comprised with iron, plating, such as nickel, may be given, for example. The pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the wound electrode body 20 from above and below and to extend perpendicularly to the wound peripheral surface.

  A battery lid 14 and a safety valve mechanism 15 and a heat sensitive resistance element (Positive Temperature Coefficient: PTC element) 16 provided inside the battery can 11 are caulked through a gasket 17 at the open end of the battery can 11. It is attached. Thereby, the inside of the battery can 11 is sealed. The battery lid 14 is made of the same material as the battery can 11, for example. The safety valve mechanism 15 is electrically connected to the battery lid 14 via the heat sensitive resistance element 16. In the safety valve mechanism 15, when the internal pressure becomes a certain level or more due to an internal short circuit or external heating, the disk plate 15 </ b> A is reversed and the electric power between the battery lid 14 and the wound electrode body 20 is reversed. Connection is cut off. The heat-sensitive resistor element 16 is configured to prevent abnormal heat generation caused by a large current by limiting the current by increasing the resistance in response to a rise in temperature. The gasket 17 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and for example, asphalt is applied to the surface thereof.

  A center pin 24 may be inserted in the center of the wound electrode body 20. In the wound electrode body 20, a positive electrode lead 25 made of aluminum or the like is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 made of nickel or the like is connected to the negative electrode 22. The positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and electrically connected to the battery lid 14, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11 and electrically connected thereto.

  For example, the positive electrode 21 is obtained by providing a positive electrode active material layer 21B on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21A having a pair of surfaces. However, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be provided only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 21A.

  The positive electrode current collector 21A is made of, for example, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, or the like.

  The positive electrode active material layer 21 </ b> B contains one or more positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions as the positive electrode active material.

As a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, for example, a lithium-containing compound is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained. Examples of the lithium-containing compound include a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element, and a phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element. Especially, what contains at least 1 sort (s) of cobalt, nickel, manganese, and iron as a transition metal element is preferable. This is because a higher voltage can be obtained. The chemical formula is represented by, for example, Li _x M1O ₂ or Li _y M2PO ₄ . In the formula, M1 and M2 represent one or more transition metal elements. The values of x and y vary depending on the charge / discharge state, and are generally 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10 and 0.05 ≦ y ≦ 1.10.

Examples of the composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element include lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li _x CoO ₂ ), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li _x NiO ₂ ), and lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide (Li _x Ni). _1-z Co _z O ₂ (z <1)), lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (Li _x Ni _(1-vw) Co _v Mn _w O ₂ (v + w <1)), or lithium having a spinel structure Manganese composite oxide (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ) and the like can be mentioned. Among these, a complex oxide containing cobalt is preferable. This is because a high capacity can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. Examples of the phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element include a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO ₄ ) or a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound (LiFe _1-u Mn _u PO ₄ (u <1)). Is mentioned.

  Other positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions include, for example, oxides such as titanium oxide, vanadium oxide and manganese dioxide, disulfides such as titanium disulfide and molybdenum sulfide, and selenization. Examples thereof include chalcogenides such as niobium, and conductive polymers such as sulfur, polyaniline and polythiophene.

  Of course, the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions may be other than the above. Further, two or more kinds of the series of positive electrode materials described above may be mixed in any combination.

  In addition, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may contain other materials such as a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductive agent together with the positive electrode active material as described above.

  Examples of the positive electrode binder include synthetic rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and ethylene propylene diene, and polymer materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed.

  Examples of the positive electrode conductive agent include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. The positive electrode conductive agent may be a metal or a conductive polymer as long as it is a conductive material.

  In the negative electrode 22, for example, a negative electrode active material layer 22B is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 22A having a pair of surfaces. However, the negative electrode active material layer 22B may be provided only on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A.

  The negative electrode current collector 22A is made of, for example, copper, nickel, stainless steel, or the like. The surface of the anode current collector 22A is preferably roughened. This is because the so-called anchor effect improves the adhesion between the negative electrode current collector 22A and the negative electrode active material layer 22B. In this case, the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A only needs to be roughened at least in a region facing the negative electrode active material layer 22B. Examples of the roughening method include a method of forming fine particles by electrolytic treatment. This electrolytic treatment is a method of forming irregularities by forming fine particles on the surface of the anode current collector 22A by an electrolytic method in an electrolytic bath. The copper foil produced using the electrolytic method is generally called “electrolytic copper foil”.

  The negative electrode active material layer 22B contains one or more negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions as a negative electrode active material. At this time, the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions is preferably larger than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode 21.

  Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions include materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions and having at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element. . This is because a high energy density can be obtained. Such a negative electrode material may be a single element or an alloy or a compound of a metal element or a metalloid element, and may have one or two or more phases thereof at least in part. The “alloy” in the present invention includes an alloy containing one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to an alloy composed of two or more metal elements. Further, the “alloy” may contain a nonmetallic element. This structure includes a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or a material in which two or more of them coexist.

  Examples of the metal element or metalloid element described above include metal elements or metalloid elements capable of forming an alloy with lithium. Specifically, magnesium, boron (B), aluminum, gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon, germanium (Ge), tin, lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver ( Ag), zinc, hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium (Pd), or platinum (Pt). Among these, at least one of silicon and tin is preferable, and silicon is more preferable. This is because the ability to occlude and release lithium ions is large, so a high energy density can be obtained.

  Examples of the negative electrode material having at least one of silicon and tin include at least a part of a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of silicon, a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of tin, or one or two or more phases thereof. The material which has in is mentioned.

As an alloy of silicon, for example, as a second constituent element other than silicon, among tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony (Sb) and chromium The thing which has at least 1 sort (s) of these is mentioned. Examples of the silicon compound include those having oxygen or carbon (C), and may contain the second constituent element described above in addition to silicon. Examples of silicon alloys or compounds include SiB ₄ , SiB ₆ , Mg ₂ Si, Ni ₂ Si, TiSi ₂ , MoSi ₂ , CoSi ₂ , NiSi ₂ , CaSi ₂ , CrSi ₂ , Cu ₅ Si, FeSi ₂ , MnSi. ₂ , NbSi ₂ , TaSi ₂ , VSi ₂ , WSi ₂ , ZnSi ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , Si ₂ N ₂ O, SiO _v (0 <v ≦ 2), SnO _w (0 <w ≦ 2) or LiSiO etc. are mentioned.

Examples of the tin alloy include at least one of silicon, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, and chromium as the second constituent element other than tin. The thing which has a seed is mentioned. Examples of the tin compound include those having oxygen or carbon, and may contain the above-described second constituent element in addition to tin. Examples of tin alloys or compounds include SnSiO ₃ , LiSnO, Mg ₂ Sn, and the like.

  In addition, as a negative electrode material which has at least 1 sort (s) of silicon and tin, what has the 2nd and 3rd structural element in addition to tin as a 1st structural element is preferable, for example. The second constituent elements are cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium (V), chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium (Nb), molybdenum, silver, indium, cerium (Ce), It is at least one of hafnium, tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), bismuth and silicon. The third constituent element is at least one of boron, carbon, aluminum, and phosphorus (P). This is because having the second and third constituent elements improves the cycle characteristics.

  Among them, tin, cobalt and carbon are included as constituent elements, the carbon content is 9.9 mass% or more and 29.7 mass% or less, and the ratio of cobalt to the total of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 30. An SnCoC-containing material having a mass% of 70% by mass or less is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained in such a composition range.

  This SnCoC-containing material may further contain other constituent elements as necessary. As other constituent elements, for example, silicon, iron, nickel, chromium, indium, niobium, germanium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, phosphorus, gallium, bismuth, and the like are preferable, and two or more of them may be included. . This is because a higher effect can be obtained.

  The SnCoC-containing material has a phase containing tin, cobalt, and carbon, and the phase is preferably a low crystalline or amorphous phase. This phase is a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium, whereby excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. The half-value width of the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction of this phase is 1.0 ° or more at a diffraction angle 2θ when CuKα ray is used as the specific X-ray and the drawing speed is 1 ° / min. Is preferred. This is because lithium ions are occluded and released more smoothly, and the reactivity with the electrolyte is reduced.

  Whether or not the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction corresponds to a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium can be easily determined by comparing X-ray diffraction charts before and after electrochemical reaction with lithium. can do. For example, if the position of the diffraction peak changes before and after the electrochemical reaction with lithium, it corresponds to a reaction phase capable of reacting with lithium. In this case, for example, a diffraction peak of a low crystalline or amorphous reaction phase is observed between 2θ = 20 ° and 50 °. This low crystalline or amorphous reaction phase contains, for example, each of the above-described constituent elements, and is considered to be low crystallized or amorphous mainly by carbon.

  Note that the SnCoC-containing material may have a phase containing a simple substance or a part of each constituent element in addition to a low crystalline or amorphous phase.

  In particular, in the SnCoC-containing material, it is preferable that at least a part of carbon as a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element as another constituent element. This is because aggregation or crystallization of tin or the like is suppressed.

  As a measuring method for examining the bonding state of elements, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be cited. This XPS irradiates the sample surface with soft X-rays (Al-Kα ray or Mg-Kα ray is used in a commercial apparatus), and measures the kinetic energy of photoelectrons jumping out of the sample surface. To elemental composition in the region of several nanometers and the bonding state of the elements.

  The binding energy of the core orbital electrons of the element changes in a first approximation in correlation with the charge density on the element. For example, when the charge density of the carbon element decreases due to an interaction with an element present in the vicinity, the outer electrons such as 2p electrons decrease, so the 1s electron of the carbon element exerts a strong binding force from the shell. Will receive. That is, the binding energy increases as the charge density of the element decreases. In XPS, when the binding energy increases, the peak shifts to a high energy region.

  In XPS, if the peak of carbon 1s orbital (C1s) is graphite, it appears at 284.5 eV in an energy calibrated apparatus so that the peak of 4f orbital (Au4f) of gold atom is obtained at 84.0 eV. . Moreover, if it is surface contamination carbon, it will appear at 284.8 eV. On the other hand, when the charge density of the carbon element is high, for example, when it is bonded to an element more positive than carbon, the C1s peak appears in a region lower than 284.5 eV. That is, when at least a part of the carbon contained in the SnCoC-containing material is bonded to another constituent element such as a metal element or a metalloid element, the peak of the synthetic wave of C1s obtained for the SnCoC-containing material is 284. Appears in the region lower than 5 eV.

  When performing XPS measurement, if the surface is covered with surface-contaminated carbon, it is preferable to lightly sputter the surface with an argon ion gun attached to the XPS apparatus. When the SnCoC-containing material to be measured is present in the negative electrode 22, the secondary battery is disassembled and the negative electrode 22 is taken out and then washed with a volatile solvent such as dimethyl carbonate. This is to remove the low-volatile solvent and the electrolyte salt present on the surface of the negative electrode 22. These samplings are desirably performed in an inert atmosphere.

  In XPS measurement, for example, the peak of C1s is used to correct the energy axis of the spectrum. Usually, since surface-contaminated carbon exists on the surface of the substance, the C1s peak of the surface-contaminated carbon is set to 284.8 eV, which is used as an energy standard. In XPS measurement, the waveform of the peak of C1s is obtained as a form including the surface contamination carbon peak and the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material. For example, by analyzing using commercially available software, The surface contamination carbon peak is separated from the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material. In the waveform analysis, the position of the main peak existing on the lowest bound energy side is used as the energy reference (284.8 eV).

  This SnCoC-containing material can be formed, for example, by melting a mixture of raw materials of each constituent element in an electric furnace, a high-frequency induction furnace, an arc melting furnace or the like and then solidifying the mixture. Also, various atomizing methods such as gas atomization or water atomization, methods using various mechanochemical reactions such as various roll methods, mechanical alloying methods, and mechanical milling methods may be used. Among these, a method using a mechanochemical reaction is preferable. This is because the SnCoC-containing material has a low crystalline or amorphous structure. In the method using the mechanochemical reaction, for example, a manufacturing apparatus such as a planetary ball mill apparatus or an attritor can be used.

  The raw material may be a mixture of individual constituent elements, but it is preferable to use an alloy for some of the constituent elements other than carbon. This is because by adding carbon to such an alloy and synthesizing it by a method utilizing the mechanical alloying method, a low crystalline or amorphous structure can be obtained and the reaction time can be shortened. The raw material may be in the form of powder or a block.

  In addition to this SnCoC-containing material, an SnCoFeC-containing material having tin, cobalt, iron and carbon as constituent elements is also preferable. The composition of the SnCoFeC-containing material can be arbitrarily set. For example, as a composition when the iron content is set to be small, the carbon content is 9.9 mass% or more and 29.7 mass% or less, and the iron content is 0.3 mass% or more and 5.9 mass% %, And the ratio of cobalt to the total of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is preferably 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less. In addition, for example, as a composition when the content of iron is set to be large, the content of carbon is 11.9 mass% or more and 29.7 mass% or less, and cobalt and iron with respect to the total of tin, cobalt, and iron The total ratio of (Co + Fe) / (Sn + Co + Fe)) is 26.4 mass% to 48.5 mass%, and the ratio of cobalt to the total of cobalt and iron (Co / (Co + Fe)) is 9.9 mass% It is preferable that it is 79.5 mass% or more. This is because a high energy density can be obtained in such a composition range. The crystallinity of the SnCoFeC-containing material, the method for measuring the bonding state of elements, the formation method, and the like are the same as those of the above-described SnCoC-containing material.

  As a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of silicon, a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of tin, or a material having one or two or more phases thereof at least in part The negative electrode active material layer 22B using is formed using, for example, a vapor phase method, a liquid phase method, a thermal spraying method, a coating method, a firing method, or two or more of these methods. In this case, it is preferable that the anode current collector 22A and the anode active material layer 22B are alloyed at least at a part of the interface. Specifically, the constituent element of the negative electrode current collector 22A may be diffused into the negative electrode active material layer 22B at the interface between them, or the constituent element of the negative electrode active material layer 22B is diffused into the negative electrode current collector 22A. These constituent elements may be diffused with each other. This is because breakage due to expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material layer 22B during charging and discharging is suppressed, and electron conductivity between the negative electrode current collector 22A and the negative electrode active material layer 22B is improved.

  As the vapor phase method, for example, physical deposition method or chemical deposition method, specifically, vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, ion plating method, laser ablation method, thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Or plasma chemical vapor deposition. As the liquid phase method, a known method such as electrolytic plating or electroless plating can be used. The application method is, for example, a method in which a particulate negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder and then dispersed in a solvent and applied. The baking method is, for example, a method in which a heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than the melting point of a binder or the like after coating by a coating method. Regarding the firing method, a known method can be used, and examples thereof include an atmosphere firing method, a reaction firing method, and a hot press firing method.

  In addition to the above, examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions include a carbon material. Examples of the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon having a (002) plane spacing of 0.37 nm or more, and graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.34 nm or less. It is. More specifically, there are pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbon fibers, organic polymer compound fired bodies, activated carbon or carbon blacks. Of these, the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, and the like. The organic polymer compound fired body is obtained by firing and carbonizing a phenol resin, a furan resin, or the like at an appropriate temperature. The carbon material is preferable because the change in crystal structure associated with insertion and extraction of lithium ions is very small, so that high energy density is obtained and excellent cycle characteristics are obtained, and the carbon material also functions as a conductive agent. The shape of the carbon material may be any of fibrous, spherical, granular or scale-like.

  Further, examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions include metal oxides and polymer compounds capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. Examples of the metal oxide include iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide. Examples of the polymer compound include polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.

  Of course, the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions may be other than the above. Moreover, two or more kinds of the series of negative electrode materials described above may be mixed in any combination.

  The negative electrode active material described above has a plurality of particles. That is, the negative electrode active material layer 22B has a plurality of particulate negative electrode active materials (hereinafter simply referred to as “negative electrode active material particles”). It is formed by. However, the negative electrode active material particles may be formed by a method other than the gas phase method.

  When the negative electrode active material particles are formed by a deposition method such as a vapor phase method, the negative electrode active material particles may have a single layer structure formed through a single deposition step, or may be a plurality of times. It may have a multilayer structure formed through the deposition process. However, when the negative electrode active material particles are formed by a vapor deposition method that involves high heat during deposition, the negative electrode active material particles preferably have a multilayer structure. By performing the deposition process of the negative electrode material in a plurality of times (the negative electrode material is sequentially formed and deposited thinly), the negative electrode current collector 22A is exposed to high heat compared to the case where the deposition process is performed once. This is because the time required for heat treatment is shortened and it is difficult to receive thermal damage.

  For example, the negative electrode active material particles are preferably grown from the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A in the thickness direction of the negative electrode active material layer 22B, and are connected to the negative electrode current collector 22A at the root. This is because the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material layer 22B are suppressed during charging and discharging. In this case, the negative electrode active material particles are formed by a vapor phase method or the like, and as described above, it is preferable that the negative electrode active material particles are alloyed at least at a part of the interface with the negative electrode current collector 22A. Specifically, the constituent element of the negative electrode current collector 22A may be diffused into the negative electrode active material particles at the interface between them, or the constituent element of the negative electrode active material particles may be diffused into the negative electrode current collector 22A. Alternatively, both constituent elements may be diffused with each other.

  In particular, the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes a plurality of negative electrode active material particles, an oxide-containing film that covers the surface of the negative electrode active material particles, and a metal material that does not alloy with lithium provided in a gap in the negative electrode active material layer 22B. Of at least one of them.

  The oxide-containing film covers the surface of the negative electrode active material particles, that is, the surface of the negative electrode active material particles that will come into contact with the electrolyte if the oxide-containing film is not provided. The negative electrode active material layer 22B includes an oxide-containing film because the oxide-containing film functions as a protective film against the electrolytic solution, and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed even after repeated charge and discharge. This is because the characteristics are improved. The oxide-containing film may cover the entire surface of the negative electrode active material particles, or may cover only a part of the surface, but it is preferable to cover the entire surface. This is because the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is effectively suppressed.

  This oxide-containing film contains, for example, at least one of a silicon oxide, a germanium oxide, and a tin oxide, and preferably contains a silicon oxide. . This is because the entire surface of the negative electrode active material particles can be easily covered and an excellent protective action can be obtained. Of course, the oxide-containing film may contain an oxide other than the above.

  The oxide-containing film is formed by, for example, a gas phase method or a liquid phase method, and among these, it is preferable that the oxide-containing film is formed by a liquid phase method. This is because the surface of the negative electrode active material particles can be easily covered over a wide range. Examples of the liquid phase method include a liquid phase precipitation method, a sol-gel method, a coating method, or a dip coating method. Among these, the liquid phase precipitation method, the sol-gel method, or the dip coating method is preferable, and the liquid phase precipitation method is more preferable. This is because a higher effect can be obtained. Note that the oxide-containing film may be formed by a single forming method among the above-described series of forming methods, or may be formed by two or more forming methods.

  If the oxide-containing film is formed by the liquid phase deposition method, the oxide-containing film can be deposited while easily controlling the oxide. In this liquid phase deposition method, for example, a dissolved species that easily coordinates fluorine (F) as an anion scavenger is added to and mixed with a solution of a fluoride complex of silicon, tin, or germanium, and then the anode active material layer 22B. A negative electrode current collector 22A formed with an oxide is soaked in that the fluorine anion generated from the fluoride complex is captured by dissolved species, so that an oxide is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 22B to form an oxide-containing film. It is a method to do. Instead of the fluoride complex, for example, a silicon compound, a tin compound, or a germanium compound that generates other anions such as sulfate ions may be used.

  When an oxide-containing film is formed by a sol-gel method, a fluorine anion or a compound of fluorine and one of group 13 element, group 14 element or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table (specifically, It is preferable to use a treatment liquid containing fluorine ion, tetrafluoroborate ion or hexafluorophosphate ion) as a reaction accelerator. This is because the oxide-containing film formed using this treatment liquid has a low alkoxy group content, so that when the oxide-containing film is used for the negative electrode 22, the amount of gas generated is reduced.

  Although the thickness of an oxide containing film | membrane is not specifically limited, Especially, it is preferable that they are 0.1 nm or more and 500 nm or less. This is because the surface of the negative electrode active material particles can be easily covered over a wide range. Specifically, if the thickness of the oxide-containing film is thinner than 0.1 nm, it may be difficult to cover the surface of the negative electrode active material particles over a wide range. If the thickness is larger than 500 nm, The amount of the material-containing film formed becomes too large, and the energy density may decrease. The thickness of the oxide-containing film is more preferably from 1 nm to 200 nm, further preferably from 10 nm to 150 nm, and even more preferably from 20 nm to 100 nm. This is because a higher effect can be obtained.

  A metal material that is not alloyed with lithium (hereinafter simply referred to as “metal material”) is provided in a gap in the negative electrode active material layer 22B, that is, a gap between negative electrode active material particles described later or a gap in the negative electrode active material particles. ing. The negative electrode active material layer 22B contains a metal material because a plurality of negative electrode active material particles are bound via the metal material, and the negative electrode active material layer 22B exists due to the presence of the metal material in the gaps described above. This is because the expansion and contraction are suppressed, and the cycle characteristics are improved.

  This metal material has, for example, a metal element that does not alloy with lithium as a constituent element. Examples of such a metal element include at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and copper, and among these, cobalt is preferable. This is because the metal material can easily enter the gap, and an excellent binding action can be obtained. Of course, the metal material may have a metal element other than the above. However, the “metal material” mentioned here is not limited to a simple substance, but is a broad concept that includes alloys and metal compounds.

  The metal material is formed by, for example, a gas phase method or a liquid phase method, and among these, it is preferably formed by a liquid phase method. This is because the metal material easily enters the gap in the negative electrode active material layer 22B. Examples of the liquid phase method include an electrolytic plating method and an electroless plating method, among which the electrolytic plating method is preferable. This is because the metal material is more likely to enter the gaps and the formation time thereof can be shortened. In addition, the metal material may be formed by a single forming method among the above-described series of forming methods, or may be formed by two or more kinds of forming methods.

  As is clear from the description that the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes “at least one of an oxide-containing film and a metal material”, only one of the oxide-containing film and the metal material is formed. It may be included, or both may be included. However, in order to further improve the cycle characteristics, it is preferable to include both. Further, when both the oxide-containing film and the metal material are included, whichever may be formed first, in order to further improve the cycle characteristics, it is preferable to form the oxide-containing film first. .

  Note that the negative electrode active material layer 22B may include other materials such as a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode conductive agent together with the above-described negative electrode active material as necessary. The details regarding the negative electrode binder and the negative electrode conductive agent are the same as, for example, the positive electrode binder and the positive electrode conductive agent, respectively.

  Here, the detailed configuration of the negative electrode 22 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, the case where the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes an oxide-containing film together with a plurality of negative electrode active material particles will be described. FIG. 3 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode 22 of the present invention, and FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode of the reference example. 3 and 4 show a case where the negative electrode active material particles have a single layer structure.

  In the negative electrode of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, when a negative electrode material is deposited on the negative electrode current collector 22A by a vapor phase method such as a vapor deposition method, a plurality of negative electrodes are formed on the negative electrode current collector 22A. Active material particles 221 are formed. In this case, when the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A is roughened and a plurality of protrusions (for example, fine particles formed by electrolytic treatment) exist on the surface, the negative electrode active material particles 221 have the protrusions described above. Each of the negative electrode active material particles 221 is arranged on the negative electrode current collector 22A and connected to the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A at the root. After that, for example, when the oxide-containing film 222 is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material particle 221 by a liquid phase method such as a liquid phase precipitation method, the oxide-containing film 222 substantially covers the surface of the negative electrode active material particle 221. The entire surface is covered, and in particular, a wide range from the top of the negative electrode active material particle 221 to the root is covered. This wide covering state by the oxide-containing film 222 is a characteristic obtained when the oxide-containing film 222 is formed by a liquid phase method. That is, when the oxide-containing film 222 is formed by the liquid phase method, the covering action extends not only to the top of the negative electrode active material particles 221 but also to the root, so that the base is covered with the oxide-containing film 222.

  On the other hand, in the negative electrode of the reference example, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, after the plurality of negative electrode active material particles 221 are formed by the vapor phase method, the oxide-containing film 223 is similarly formed by the vapor phase method. When formed, the oxide-containing film 223 covers only the tops of the negative electrode active material particles 221. This narrow-range covering state by the oxide-containing film 223 is a characteristic obtained when the oxide-containing film 223 is formed by a vapor phase method. That is, when the oxide-containing film 223 is formed by a vapor phase method, the covering action does not reach the root of the negative electrode active material particles 221, but the base is not covered by the oxide-containing film 223.

  Although FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed by a vapor phase method, the negative electrode active material layer 22B may be formed by another forming method such as a coating method or a sintering method. Similarly, the oxide-containing film is formed so as to cover almost the entire surface of the plurality of negative electrode active material particles.

  Next, a case where the negative electrode active material layer 22B includes a metal material that does not alloy with lithium together with a plurality of negative electrode active material particles will be described. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode 22, (A) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (secondary electron image), and (B) is an SEM shown in (A). It is a schematic picture of the statue. FIG. 5 shows a case where a plurality of negative electrode active material particles 221 have a multilayer structure in the particles.

  When the negative electrode active material particles 221 have a multilayer structure, a plurality of gaps 224 are generated in the negative electrode active material layer 22B due to the arrangement structure, multilayer structure, and surface structure of the plurality of negative electrode active material particles 221. Yes. The gap 224 mainly includes two types of gaps 224A and 224B classified according to the cause of occurrence. The gap 224 </ b> A is generated between adjacent negative electrode active material particles 221, and the gap 224 </ b> B is generated between layers in the negative electrode active material particles 221.

  Note that a void 225 may be formed on the exposed surface (outermost surface) of the negative electrode active material particles 221. The void 225 is generated between the protrusions as a whisker-like fine protrusion (not shown) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material particle 221. The void 225 may be generated over the entire exposed surface of the negative electrode active material particles 221 or may be generated only in part. However, since the above-described whisker-like protrusions are generated on the surface every time the negative electrode active material particles 221 are formed, the void 225 is generated not only on the exposed surface of the negative electrode active material particles 221 but also between the layers. There is.

  FIG. 6 shows another cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode 22 and corresponds to FIG. The negative electrode active material layer 22B has a metal material 226 that does not alloy with lithium in the gaps 224A and 224B. In this case, only one of the gaps 224A and 224B may have the metal material 226, but it is preferable that both have the metal material 226. This is because a higher effect can be obtained.

  The metal material 226 enters the gap 224A between the adjacent negative electrode active material particles 221. Specifically, when the negative electrode active material particles 221 are formed by a vapor phase method or the like, as described above, the negative electrode active material particles 221 grow for each protrusion existing on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A. A gap 224 </ b> A is generated between the adjacent negative electrode active material particles 221. Since the gap 224A causes a decrease in the binding property of the negative electrode active material layer 22B, the above-described gap 224A is filled with the metal material 226 in order to improve the binding property. In this case, it is sufficient that a part of the gap 224A is filled, but a larger filling amount is preferable. This is because the binding property of the negative electrode active material layer 22B is further improved. The filling amount of the metal material 226 is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and further preferably 80% or more.

  In addition, the metal material 226 enters the gap 224 </ b> B in the negative electrode active material particles 221. Specifically, when the negative electrode active material particles 221 have a multilayer structure, a gap 224B is generated between the layers. The gap 224B, like the gap 224A, causes a decrease in the binding property of the negative electrode active material layer 22B. Therefore, in order to increase the binding property, the gap 224B is filled with the metal material 226. ing. In this case, it is sufficient that a part of the gap 224B is filled, but a larger filling amount is preferable. This is because the binding property of the negative electrode active material layer 22B is further improved.

  Note that the negative electrode active material layer 22B is provided in order to prevent negative whisker-like protrusions (not shown) generated on the exposed surface of the uppermost negative electrode active material particles 221 from adversely affecting the performance of the secondary battery. A metal material 226 may be provided in the gap 225. Specifically, when the negative electrode active material particles 221 are formed by a vapor phase method or the like, fine whisker-like protrusions are formed on the surface thereof, and thus voids 225 are generated between the protrusions. This void 225 causes an increase in the surface area of the negative electrode active material particles 221 and also increases the amount of irreversible film formed on the surface, which causes a reduction in the degree of progress of the electrode reaction (charge / discharge reaction). there is a possibility. Therefore, the metal material 226 is embedded in the above-described gap 225 in order to suppress a decrease in the progress of the electrode reaction. In this case, it is sufficient that a part of the gap 225 is embedded, but it is preferable that the amount to be embedded is larger. This is because a decrease in the degree of progress of the electrode reaction is further suppressed. In FIG. 6, the fact that the metal material 226 is scattered on the surface of the uppermost negative electrode active material particle 221 indicates that the above-described fine protrusions are present at the spot. Of course, the metal material 226 does not necessarily have to be scattered on the surface of the negative electrode active material particle 221, and may cover the entire surface.

  In particular, the metal material 226 that has entered the gap 224B also functions to fill the gap 225 in each layer. Specifically, when the negative electrode material is deposited a plurality of times, the fine protrusions described above are generated on the surface of the negative electrode active material particles 221 every time the negative electrode material is deposited. From this, the metal material 226 not only fills the gap 224B in each layer, but also fills the gap 225 in each layer.

  5 and 6, the negative electrode active material particles 221 have a multilayer structure, and the case where both the gaps 224A and 224B exist in the negative electrode active material layer 22B has been described. 22B has a metal material 226 in the gaps 224A and 224B. On the other hand, when the negative electrode active material particle 221 has a single layer structure and only the gap 224A exists in the negative electrode active material layer 22B, the negative electrode active material layer 22B has the metal material 226 only in the gap 224A. It will have. Of course, since the gap 225 is generated in both cases, the gap 225 has the metal material 226 in either case.

  The separator 23 separates the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between the two electrodes. The separator 23 is made of, for example, a porous film made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene, or a porous film made of ceramic, and two or more kinds of these porous films are laminated. It may be what was done.

  The separator 23 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution that is a liquid electrolyte. This electrolytic solution contains a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent.

The solvent contains at least one of an isocyanate compound represented by Formula (1) and Formula (2) and a sulfonyl compound represented by Formula (3). This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved. The isocyanate compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound having one isocyanate group (—NCO) and one electron withdrawing group (—X—). The isocyanate compound shown in Formula (2) is a compound having two or more isocyanate groups. The sulfonyl compound represented by the formula (3) is a compound having a sulfonyl group (—S (═O) ₂ —).

（Ｒ１は１価の有機基であり、Ｘは−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｏ−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −あるいは−Ｏ−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −である。ただし、ＸはＲ１中の炭素原子に結合している。）

(R1 is a monovalent organic group, and X is —C (═O) —, —O—C (═O) —, —S (═O) —, —O—S (═O) —, — S (= O) ₂ — or —O—S (═O) ₂ —, wherein X is bonded to the carbon atom in R 1.

（Ｒ２はｚ価の有機基であり、ｚは２以上の整数である。ただし、イソシアネート基（−ＮＣＯ）中の窒素原子はＲ２中の炭素原子に結合している。）

（Ｒ３およびＲ４はハロゲン基、イソシアネート基あるいはシアノ基である。）

(R2 is a z-valent organic group, and z is an integer of 2 or more, provided that the nitrogen atom in the isocyanate group (—NCO) is bonded to the carbon atom in R2).

(R3 and R4 are a halogen group, an isocyanate group or a cyano group.)

  The “organic group” described for R1 in the formula (1) and R2 in the formula (2) is a general term for groups having a carbon chain or a carbocycle as a basic skeleton. The “organic group” may be a group having any structure as a whole as long as it has a carbon chain or carbocycle as a basic skeleton. In this case, the “organic group” may have one or more elements other than carbon as constituent elements. Examples of this “other element” include hydrogen and halogen. The carbon chain may be linear or branched having one or more side chains.

  Among these, R1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group, or a derivative thereof. This is because excellent chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution. The above-mentioned alkyl group or halogenated alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms when the isocyanate compound represented by formula (1) is mixed with another solvent or the like and used in the electrolytic solution. In addition, excellent compatibility is obtained, and the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) preferentially reacts (decomposes) during charging and discharging, thereby inhibiting decomposition reactions of other solvents and the like. In this case, in order to obtain a higher effect, the carbon number is preferably 5 or less, and more preferably 4 or less.

  R2 is preferably an alkylene group or an arylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. This is because excellent chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution. The reason why the alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms is the same as that described for R1. In this case, in order to obtain a higher effect, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 8 or less.

  Although z in Formula (2) will not be specifically limited if it is two or more, It is preferable that it is 2 or 3 especially. This is because the chemical stability of the isocyanate compound represented by the formula (2) is improved, so that the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.

  The “halogenated alkyl group” or “halogenated aryl group” described above is a group in which at least a part of hydrogen in the alkyl group or aryl group is substituted with halogen. The type of the halogen is not particularly limited, but among them, fluorine is preferable. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is higher than that of other halogens.

  In addition, the “derivative” is one in which one or two or more substituents are introduced into a series of groups such as the above-described alkyl group, and the type of the substituents can be arbitrarily set. Examples of this derivative include those in which an alkyl group such as a methyl group is introduced into an aryl group.

Of the X in formula (1), those having an asymmetric structure (—O—C (═O) —, —O—S (═O) —, —O—S (═O) ₂ —) The oxo group (—O—) may be bonded to either R 1 or an isocyanate group (—NCO). That is, when described using —O—C (═O) — as an example, the structure of the isocyanate compound represented by Formula (1) may be R 1 —O—C (═O) —NCO. , R1-C (= O) -O-NCO. The same applies to —O—S (═O) — or —O—S (═O) ₂ —. However, if anything, the oxo group is preferably bonded to R1. This is because it is easily available and high chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution.

  R3 and R4 in formula (3) may be the same or different. In addition, what corresponds to the sulfonyl compound shown to Formula (3) shall be excluded from the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1). That is, among the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) and the sulfonyl compound shown in Formula (3), those having a structure common to both are not included in the former and are included in the latter.

  The contents of the isocyanate compound and the sulfonyl compound described above in the solvent can be arbitrarily set, but are preferably 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less. This is because high chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution, so that excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained and a high battery capacity can be obtained. Specifically, if the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution may not be obtained sufficiently and stably, and if the content is more than 10% by weight, the battery capacity May be reduced.

  In addition, when only any one of the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1) or the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (2) is used, the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1) is preferable. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved.

Specific examples of the isocyanate compound represented by Formula (1) include compounds represented by Formula (1-1) to Formula (1-71). This is because, when these compounds are used, high chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution, and excellent solubility can be obtained. Before confirming, the types of X will be described. The X represents -C (= O)-, Formula (1-16) to Formula (1) in Formula (1-1) to Formula (1-15). −24) in —O—C (═O) —, in formula (1-25) to formula (1-39) —S (═O) —, in formula (1-40) to formula (1-48) —O—S (═O) —, in formula (1-49) to formula (1-63) —S (═O) ₂ —, in formula (1-64) to formula (1-71) —O— S (= O) _2- . Note that in the formulas (1-1) to (1-71), X (—O—C (═O) —, —O—S (═O) —, —O—S (= As for O) _2- ), only the case where the oxo group is bonded to R1 such as a methyl group is shown, but as described above, the oxo group may be bonded to an isocyanate group.

  Specific examples of the isocyanate compound represented by Formula (2) include compounds represented by Formula (2-1) to Formula (2-11). This is because, when these compounds are used, high chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution, and excellent solubility can be obtained.

  Specific examples of the sulfonyl compound represented by Formula (3) include compounds represented by Formula (3-1) to Formula (3-18). This is because, when these compounds are used, high chemical stability can be obtained in the electrolytic solution, and excellent solubility can be obtained.

  The series of compounds described as the isocyanate compound represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2) and the sulfonyl compound represented by the formula (3) may be used alone or a plurality of types may be mixed. In addition, if the above-mentioned isocyanate compound and sulfonyl compound have the structure shown in Formula (1)-Formula (3), Formula (1-1)-Formula (1-71), Formula (2-1) Needless to say, the compounds are not limited to the compounds shown in the formulas (2-11) and (3-1) to (3-18).

  This solvent includes one or more of non-aqueous solvents such as other organic solvents, together with the isocyanate compounds represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and the sulfonyl compound represented by formula (3). It is preferable to contain. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethylacetate, ethyl trimethylacetate, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N -Methyl oxazolidinone, N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like. Among them, at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate is preferable. Particularly, a high viscosity (high dielectric constant) solvent such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate (for example, relative dielectric constant ε More preferred is a combination of ≧ 30) and a low viscosity solvent such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate (for example, viscosity ≦ 1 mPa · s). This is because the dissociation property of the electrolyte salt and the ion mobility are improved.

  The solvent contains at least one of a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4) as a constituent element and a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5) as a constituent element. It is preferable. This is because a stable protective film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode 22, so that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed.

（Ｒ１１〜Ｒ１６は水素基、ハロゲン基、アルキル基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基であり、それらのうちの少なくとも１つはハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。）

(R11 to R16 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.)

（Ｒ１７〜Ｒ２０は水素基、ハロゲン基、アルキル基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基であり、それらのうちの少なくとも１つはハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。）

(R17 to R20 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.)

  In addition, R11-R16 in Formula (4) may be the same or different. The same applies to R17 to R20 in the formula (5). The type of halogen in the “halogenated alkyl group” described for R11 to R16 or R17 to R20 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include at least one of fluorine, chlorine and bromine. Among these, fluorine is preferable. This is because a high effect can be obtained. Of course, other halogens may be used.

  The number of halogens is preferably two rather than one, and may be three or more. This is because the ability to form a protective film is increased and a stronger and more stable protective film is formed, so that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is further suppressed.

  Examples of the chain carbonate having a halogen represented by the formula (4) include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, difluoromethyl methyl carbonate, and the like. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. Of these, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate is preferred. This is because a high effect can be obtained.

  Examples of the cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by the formula (5) include a series of compounds represented by the formulas (5-1) to (5-21). That is, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, tetrafluoro-1 , 3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-chloro-5-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, tetrachloro-1,3- Dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-bistrifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-difluoro-4,5- Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-5,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2- 4-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-4,5- Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 5- (1,1-difluoroethyl) -4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-dichloro-4,5-dimethyl -1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-5-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4 -Ethyl-4,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and the like. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed.

  Of these, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is preferred, and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is preferred. More preferred. In particular, 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is preferably a trans isomer rather than a cis isomer. This is because it is easily available and a high effect can be obtained.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the solvent contains the cyclic carbonate which has an unsaturated carbon bond represented by Formula (6)-Formula (8). This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed.

（Ｒ２１およびＲ２２は水素基あるいはアルキル基である。）

(R21 and R22 are a hydrogen group or an alkyl group.)

（Ｒ２３〜Ｒ２６は水素基、アルキル基、ビニル基あるいはアリル基であり、それらのうちの少なくとも１つはビニル基あるいはアリル基である。）

(R23 to R26 are a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a vinyl group, or an allyl group, and at least one of them is a vinyl group or an allyl group.)

（Ｒ２７はアルキレン基である。）

(R27 is an alkylene group.)

  The cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond shown in Formula (6) is a vinylene carbonate compound. Examples of the vinylene carbonate compound include vinylene carbonate (1,3-dioxol-2-one), methyl vinylene carbonate (4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one), and ethyl vinylene carbonate (4-ethyl). -1,3-dioxol-2-one), 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4,5-diethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4-fluoro-1, Examples include 3-dioxol-2-one or 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, among which vinylene carbonate is preferable. This is because it is easily available and a high effect can be obtained.

  The cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by the formula (7) is a vinyl ethylene carbonate compound. Examples of the vinyl carbonate-based compound include vinyl ethylene carbonate (4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one), 4-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and 4-ethyl. -4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-n-propyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 5-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2 -One, 4,4-divinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-divinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and the like, among which vinyl ethylene carbonate is preferable. This is because it is easily available and a high effect can be obtained. Of course, as R23 to R26, all may be vinyl groups, all may be allyl groups, or vinyl groups and allyl groups may be mixed.

  The cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by the formula (8) is a methylene ethylene carbonate compound. Examples of the methylene ethylene carbonate compound include 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and 4,4-diethyl-5. -Methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and the like. This methylene ethylene carbonate compound may have one methylene group (the compound shown in Formula (8)) or two methylene groups.

  The cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond may be catechol carbonate (catechol carbonate) having a benzene ring in addition to those shown in the formulas (6) to (8).

  The electrolyte salt includes, for example, any one or more of light metal salts such as a lithium salt. Examples of the lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluoroarsenate. This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be obtained. Among these, lithium hexafluorophosphate is preferable. This is because a higher effect can be obtained because the internal resistance is lowered.

  This electrolyte salt preferably contains at least one of the compounds represented by the formulas (9) to (11). This is because a higher effect can be obtained. In addition, R31 and R33 in Formula (9) may be the same or different. The same applies to R41 to R43 in formula (10) and R51 and R52 in formula (11).

（Ｘ３１は長周期型周期表における１族元素あるいは２族元素、またはアルミニウムである。Ｍ３１は遷移金属元素、または長周期型周期表における１３族元素、１４族元素あるいは１５族元素である。Ｒ３１はハロゲン基である。Ｙ３１は−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−Ｒ３２−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−Ｃ（Ｒ３３）₂ −あるいは−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−である。ただし、Ｒ３２はアルキレン基、ハロゲン化アルキレン基、アリーレン基あるいはハロゲン化アリーレン基である。Ｒ３３はアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アリール基あるいはハロゲン化アリール基である。なお、ａ３は１〜４の整数であり、ｂ３は０、２あるいは４であり、ｃ３、ｄ３、ｍ３およびｎ３は１〜３の整数である。）

(X31 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table, or aluminum. M31 is a transition metal element, or a group 13 element, group 14 element, or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table. R31 Y31 is — (O═) C—R32—C (═O) —, — (O═) C—C (R33) ₂ — or — (O═) C—C (═O) Where R32 is an alkylene group, a halogenated alkylene group, an arylene group or a halogenated arylene group, R33 is an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogenated aryl group, and a3 is (It is an integer of 1 to 4, b3 is 0, 2 or 4, and c3, d3, m3 and n3 are integers of 1 to 3.)

（Ｘ４１は長周期型周期表における１族元素あるいは２族元素である。Ｍ４１は遷移金属元素、または長周期型周期表における１３族元素、１４族元素あるいは１５族元素である。Ｙ４１は−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４１）₂ ）_b4−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−（Ｒ４３）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４２）₂ ）_c4−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−（Ｒ４３）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４２）₂ ）_c4−Ｃ（Ｒ４３）₂ −、−（Ｒ４３）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４２）₂ ）_c4−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −、−（Ｏ＝）₂ Ｓ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４２）₂ ）_d4−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −あるいは−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ４２）₂ ）_d4−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −である。ただし、Ｒ４１およびＲ４３は水素基、アルキル基、ハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基であり、それぞれのうちの少なくとも１つはハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。Ｒ４２は水素基、アルキル基、ハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。なお、ａ４、ｅ４およびｎ４は１あるいは２であり、ｂ４およびｄ４は１〜４の整数であり、ｃ４は０〜４の整数であり、ｆ４およびｍ４は１〜３の整数である。）

(X41 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long periodic table. M41 is a transition metal element, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long period periodic table. Y41 is − ( O =) C- (C (R41 ) 2) b4 -C (= O) -, - (R43) 2 C- (C (R42) 2) c4 -C (= O) -, - (R43) 2 C -(C (R42) ₂ ) _c4 -C (R43) ₂ -,-(R43) ₂ C- (C (R42) ₂ ) _c4 -S (= O) ₂ -,-(O =) ₂ S- ( C (R42) ₂ ) _d4- S (= O) _2- or-(O =) C- (C (R42) ₂ ) _d4- S (= O) _2- where R41 and R43 are hydrogen groups. , An alkyl group, a halogen group, or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of each is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group. R42 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, wherein a4, e4 and n4 are 1 or 2, b4 and d4 are integers of 1 to 4, and c4 Is an integer from 0 to 4, and f4 and m4 are integers from 1 to 3.)

（Ｘ５１は長周期型周期表における１族元素あるいは２族元素である。Ｍ５１は遷移金属元素、または長周期型周期表における１３族元素、１４族元素あるいは１５族元素である。Ｒｆはフッ素化アルキル基あるいはフッ素化アリール基であり、いずれの炭素数も１〜１０である。Ｙ５１は−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_d5−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−（Ｒ５２）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_d5−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−（Ｒ５２）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_d5−Ｃ（Ｒ５２）₂ −、−（Ｒ５２）₂ Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_d5−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −、−（Ｏ＝）₂ Ｓ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_e5−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −あるいは−（Ｏ＝）Ｃ−（Ｃ（Ｒ５１）₂ ）_e5−Ｓ（＝Ｏ）₂ −である。ただし、Ｒ５１は水素基、アルキル基、ハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。Ｒ５２は水素基、アルキル基、ハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基であり、そのうちの少なくとも１つはハロゲン基あるいはハロゲン化アルキル基である。なお、ａ５、ｆ５およびｎ５は１あるいは２であり、ｂ５、ｃ５およびｅ５は１〜４の整数であり、ｄ５は０〜４の整数であり、ｇ５およびｍ５は１〜３の整数である。）

(X51 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table. M51 is a transition metal element, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table. Rf is fluorinated. An alkyl group or a fluorinated aryl group, each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms Y51 is — (O═) C— (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 —C (═O) —, — (R52); ₂ C- (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 -C (= O)-,-(R52) ₂ C- (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 -C (R52) ₂ -,-(R52) ₂ C- ( _{C (R51) 2) d5 -S} (= O) 2 -, - (O =) 2 S- (C (R51) 2) e5 -S (= O) 2 - or - (O =) C- (C _{(R51) 2) e5 -S (} = O) 2 -. is, however, R51 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, or a halogen Kaa R52 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, at least one of which is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, wherein a5, f5 and n5 are 1 or 2; B5, c5 and e5 are integers of 1 to 4, d5 is an integer of 0 to 4, and g5 and m5 are integers of 1 to 3.)

  The long-period periodic table is represented by a revised inorganic chemical nomenclature proposed by IUPAC (International Pure and Applied Chemistry Association). Specifically, group 1 elements are hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. Group 2 elements are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium. Group 13 elements are boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium. Group 14 elements are carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead. Group 15 elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

  Examples of the compound represented by Formula (9) include compounds represented by Formula (9-1) to Formula (9-6). Examples of the compound represented by Formula (10) include compounds represented by Formula (10-1) to Formula (10-8). Examples of the compound represented by the formula (11) include a compound represented by the formula (11-1). In addition, if it is a compound which has a structure shown to Formula (9)-Formula (11), Formula (9-1)-Formula (9-6), Formula (10-1)-Formula (10-8) and Needless to say, the compound is not limited to the compound represented by Formula (11-1).

  Moreover, electrolyte salt may contain at least 1 sort (s) of the compounds represented by Formula (12)-Formula (14). This is because a higher effect can be obtained when used together with the above-described lithium hexafluorophosphate or the like. In addition, m and n in Formula (12) may be the same or different. The same applies to p, q and r in the formula (14).

（ｍおよびｎは１以上の整数である。）

(M and n are integers of 1 or more.)

（Ｒ６１は炭素数が２以上４以下の直鎖状あるいは分岐状のパーフルオロアルキレン基である。）

(R61 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.)

（ｐ、ｑおよびｒは１以上の整数である。）

(P, q and r are integers of 1 or more.)

Examples of the chain compound represented by the formula (12) include bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ ), bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiN (C ₂ F) ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ ), (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ )), (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (heptafluoropropanesulfonyl) imide Lithium (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) (C ₃ F ₇ SO ₂ )) or (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) imidolithium (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) (C ₄ F ₉ SO ₂ )) Etc. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed.

  Examples of the cyclic compound represented by Formula (13) include a series of compounds represented by Formula (13-1) to Formula (13-4). That is, 1,2-perfluoroethane disulfonylimide lithium, 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfonylimide lithium, 1,3-perfluorobutane disulfonylimide lithium, or 1,4-perfluorobutane disulfonylimide lithium Etc. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. Among these, 1,2-perfluoroethanedisulfonylimide lithium is preferable. This is because a high effect can be obtained.

Examples of the chain compound represented by the formula (14) include lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide (LiC (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ ).

  The content of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.3 mol / kg or more and 3.0 mol / kg or less with respect to the solvent. This is because, outside this range, the ion conductivity may be extremely lowered.

  The electrolytic solution may contain various additives along with the solvent and the electrolyte salt. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is further improved. In addition, the above-mentioned additive may be contained in electrolyte solution as a solvent.

  Examples of this additive include sultone (cyclic sulfonic acid ester). This sultone is, for example, propane sultone or propene sultone, among which propene sultone is preferable. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. The content of sultone in the electrolytic solution is, for example, not less than 0.5 wt% and not more than 5 wt%.

  Moreover, as an additive, an acid anhydride is mentioned, for example. Examples of the acid anhydride include carboxylic acid anhydrides such as succinic acid anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride and maleic acid anhydride, disulfonic acid anhydrides such as ethanedisulfonic acid anhydride and propanedisulfonic acid anhydride, Examples thereof include carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid anhydrides such as benzoic acid anhydride, sulfopropionic acid anhydride and sulfobutyric acid anhydride, among which succinic acid anhydride and sulfobenzoic acid anhydride are preferable. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. The content of the acid anhydride in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 0.5% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less.

  This secondary battery is manufactured, for example, by the following procedure.

  First, the positive electrode 21 is produced. First, a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode binder, and a positive electrode conductive agent are mixed to form a positive electrode mixture, and then dispersed in an organic solvent to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry. Subsequently, the positive electrode mixture slurry is uniformly applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A by a doctor blade or a bar coater and dried. Finally, the positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed by compressing and molding the coating film with a roll press or the like while heating as necessary. In this case, compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.

  Next, the negative electrode 22 is produced. First, after preparing a negative electrode current collector 22A made of an electrolytic copper foil or the like, a negative electrode material is deposited on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A by a vapor phase method such as a vapor deposition method, so that a plurality of elements having silicon as a constituent element are obtained. Negative electrode active material particles are formed. Thereafter, an oxide-containing film is formed by a liquid phase method such as a liquid phase deposition method, a metal material is formed by a liquid phase method such as an electrolytic plating method, or both of them are formed. Layer 22B is formed.

  Next, a solvent was prepared by mixing at least one of the isocyanate compound represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and the sulfonyl compound represented by formula (3) with another organic solvent or the like. Thereafter, an electrolyte salt is dissolved in the solvent to prepare an electrolytic solution.

  The secondary battery is assembled as follows. First, the positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21A by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22A by welding or the like. Subsequently, after the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are stacked and wound through the separator 23 to produce the wound electrode body 20, the center pin 24 is inserted into the winding center. Subsequently, the wound electrode body 20 is housed in the battery can 11 while being sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13. In this case, the tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11. Subsequently, the above-described electrolytic solution is injected into the battery can 11 and impregnated in the separator 23. Finally, the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 are fixed to the opening end of the battery can 11 by caulking through the gasket 17. Thereby, the secondary battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is completed.

  In the secondary battery, when charged, for example, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode 21 and inserted in the negative electrode 22 through the electrolytic solution impregnated in the separator 23. On the other hand, when discharging is performed, for example, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 22 and inserted into the positive electrode 21 through the electrolytic solution impregnated in the separator 23.

  According to this cylindrical secondary battery, the negative electrode active material layer 22B of the negative electrode 22 includes a plurality of negative electrode active material particles containing silicon, and an oxide-containing film and a negative electrode active film covering the surface of the negative electrode active material particles. It includes at least one of metal materials that are not alloyed with lithium provided in the gaps in the material layer 22B. Moreover, the solvent of electrolyte solution contains at least 1 sort (s) of the isocyanate compound shown to Formula (1) and Formula (2), and the sulfonyl compound shown to Formula (3). In this case, as compared with the case where the negative electrode active material layer 22B does not include an oxide-containing film and a metal material, the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material layer 22B during charging and discharging are suppressed and the electrolytic solution is decomposed The reaction is suppressed. Moreover, when the solvent of electrolyte solution does not contain the above-mentioned isocyanate compound and sulfonyl compound, other isocyanate compounds and sulfonyl compounds (for example, an isocyanate compound represented by the formula (15)) not corresponding to them are contained. Compared with the case where it has, since the chemical stability of electrolyte solution improves, the decomposition reaction of electrolyte solution at the time of charging / discharging is suppressed. The isocyanate compound represented by the formula (15) is a monoisocyanate compound similar to the compound represented by the formula (1), but does not have an electron-withdrawing group (—X—). Therefore, cycle characteristics can be improved while ensuring initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  In particular, when the negative electrode 22 contains silicon, which is advantageous for increasing the capacity as the negative electrode active material, the cycle characteristics are remarkably improved. Obtainable.

  In this case, if the content of the isocyanate compound and the sulfonyl compound in the solvent is 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained and a high battery capacity can be obtained. Can do.

  In addition, the solvent of the electrolytic solution is a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4), a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5), and a formula (6) to formula (8). If at least one of cyclic carbonates having an unsaturated carbon bond is contained, a higher effect can be obtained. In particular, when using at least one of a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4) and a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5), the greater the number of halogens, the more High effect can be obtained.

  Further, the electrolyte salt of the electrolytic solution is composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and compounds represented by the formulas (9) to (14). If at least one of them is contained, a higher effect can be obtained.

  Furthermore, if the electrolytic solution contains sultone or an acid anhydride as an additive, a higher effect can be obtained.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 7 shows an exploded perspective configuration of the secondary battery according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 8 shows an enlarged cross section taken along line VIII-VIII of the spirally wound electrode body 30 shown in FIG. ing.

  This secondary battery is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery similar to the secondary battery of the first embodiment described above, and mainly includes a positive electrode lead 31 and a negative electrode lead inside the film-shaped exterior member 40. The wound electrode body 30 to which 32 is attached is accommodated. The battery structure using the film-shaped exterior member 40 is called a laminate film type.

  For example, the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 are led out in the same direction from the inside of the exterior member 40 toward the outside. The positive electrode lead 31 is made of, for example, aluminum, and the negative electrode lead 32 is made of, for example, copper, nickel, stainless steel, or the like. These materials have, for example, a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.

  The exterior member 40 is made of, for example, an aluminum laminated film in which a nylon film, an aluminum foil, and a polyethylene film are bonded together in this order. The exterior member 40 has a structure in which, for example, outer edges of two rectangular aluminum laminate films are bonded to each other by fusion or an adhesive so that the polyethylene film faces the wound electrode body 30. ing.

  An adhesive film 41 is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 to prevent intrusion of outside air. The adhesion film 41 is made of a material having adhesion to the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32. Examples of such a material include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, and modified polypropylene.

  In addition, the exterior member 40 may be constituted by a laminate film having another laminated structure instead of the above-described aluminum laminate film, or may be constituted by a polymer film such as polypropylene or a metal film.

  The electrode winding body 30 is obtained by laminating and winding a positive electrode 33 and a negative electrode 34 via a separator 35 and an electrolyte layer 36, and an outermost peripheral portion thereof is protected by a protective tape 37.

  In the positive electrode 33, for example, a positive electrode active material layer 33B is provided on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 33A. The negative electrode 34 is, for example, provided with a negative electrode active material layer 34B on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 34A, and the negative electrode active material layer 34B is positioned so as to face the positive electrode active material layer 33B. The configurations of the positive electrode current collector 33A, the positive electrode active material layer 33B, the negative electrode current collector 34A, the negative electrode active material layer 34B, and the separator 35 are respectively the positive electrode current collector 21A in the secondary battery of the first embodiment described above, The configurations of the positive electrode active material layer 21B, the negative electrode current collector 22A, the negative electrode active material layer 22B, and the separator 23 are the same.

  The electrolyte layer 36 includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound that holds the electrolytic solution, and is a so-called gel electrolyte. A gel electrolyte is preferable because high ion conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and liquid leakage is prevented.

  The composition of the electrolytic solution is the same as the composition of the electrolytic solution in the secondary battery of the first embodiment described above.

  Examples of the polymer compound include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyhexafluoropyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, poly Examples thereof include siloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene, and polycarbonate. These may be single and multiple types may be mixed. Among these, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene or polyethylene oxide is preferable. This is because it is electrochemically stable.

  In the electrolyte layer 36 which is a gel electrolyte, the solvent of the electrolytic solution is a wide concept including not only a liquid solvent but also one having ion conductivity capable of dissociating the electrolyte salt. Accordingly, when a polymer compound having ion conductivity is used, the polymer compound is also included in the solvent.

  Instead of the gel electrolyte layer 36 in which the electrolytic solution is held by the polymer compound, the electrolytic solution may be used as it is. In this case, the separator 35 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.

  This secondary battery is manufactured by the following three types of manufacturing methods, for example.

  In the first manufacturing method, first, for example, a positive electrode active material is formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A by a procedure similar to the procedure for manufacturing the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 in the secondary battery of the first embodiment described above. The layer 33B is formed to produce the positive electrode 33, and the negative electrode active material layer 34B is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 34A to produce the negative electrode 34. Then, after preparing the precursor solution containing electrolyte solution, a high molecular compound, and a solvent and apply | coating to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34, the solvent is volatilized and the gel-like electrolyte layer 36 is formed. Subsequently, the positive electrode lead 31 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 33A, and the negative electrode lead 32 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 34A. Subsequently, the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 on which the electrolyte layer 36 is formed are stacked via the separator 35 and then wound in the longitudinal direction, and a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion thereof to form the wound electrode body 30. Make it. Finally, for example, after the wound electrode body 30 is sandwiched between two film-shaped exterior members 40, the outer edge portions of the exterior member 40 are bonded to each other by heat fusion or the like, so that the wound electrode body 30 is Encapsulate. At this time, the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40. Thereby, the secondary battery shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is completed.

  In the second manufacturing method, first, after attaching the positive electrode lead 31 to the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode lead 32 to the negative electrode 34, the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are stacked and wound via the separator 35. Then, a protective tape 37 is adhered to the outermost peripheral portion to produce a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30. Subsequently, after sandwiching the wound body between the two film-shaped exterior members 40, the remaining outer peripheral edge except for the outer peripheral edge on one side is adhered by heat fusion or the like, thereby forming a bag-shaped exterior The wound body is accommodated in the member 40. Subsequently, an electrolyte composition containing an electrolytic solution, a monomer that is a raw material of the polymer compound, a polymerization initiator, and other materials such as a polymerization inhibitor as necessary is prepared to form a bag-shaped exterior member. After injecting into the inside of 40, the opening part of the exterior member 40 is sealed by heat sealing or the like. Finally, the gel electrolyte layer 36 is formed by thermally polymerizing the monomer to obtain a polymer compound. Thereby, the secondary battery is completed.

  In the third manufacturing method, a wound body is formed by forming a wound body in the same manner as in the second manufacturing method described above except that the separator 35 coated with the polymer compound on both sides is used first. 40 is housed inside. Examples of the polymer compound applied to the separator 35 include a polymer containing vinylidene fluoride as a component, that is, a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a multi-component copolymer. Specifically, polyvinylidene fluoride, binary copolymers containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene as components, and ternary copolymers containing vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene as components. Such as coalescence. In addition, the high molecular compound may contain the other 1 type, or 2 or more types of high molecular compound with the polymer which uses the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride as a component. Subsequently, after the electrolytic solution is prepared and injected into the exterior member 40, the opening of the exterior member 40 is sealed by heat fusion or the like. Finally, the exterior member 40 is heated while applying a load, and the separator 35 is brought into close contact with the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 through the polymer compound. As a result, the electrolytic solution is impregnated into the polymer compound, and the polymer compound is gelled to form the electrolyte layer 36, thereby completing the secondary battery.

  In the third manufacturing method, the swollenness of the secondary battery is suppressed as compared with the first manufacturing method. Further, in the third manufacturing method, compared to the second manufacturing method, the monomer or solvent that is a raw material of the polymer compound hardly remains in the electrolyte layer 36, and the polymer compound forming process is excellent. Therefore, sufficient adhesion is obtained between the positive electrode 33, the negative electrode 34, the separator 35, and the electrolyte layer 36.

  According to this laminated film type secondary battery, since the negative electrode 34 and the electrolytic solution have the same configuration and composition as the negative electrode 22 and the electrolytic solution in the secondary battery of the first embodiment described above, the first time Cycle characteristics can be improved while ensuring charge / discharge characteristics. The effects of the secondary battery other than those described above are the same as those of the secondary battery of the first embodiment.

  Specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail.

(Experimental Example 1-1)
The laminate film type secondary battery shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 was produced by the following procedure. At this time, a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode 34 is expressed based on insertion and extraction of lithium was made.

First, the positive electrode 33 was produced. First, lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₃ ) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO ₃ ) are mixed at a molar ratio of 0.5: 1, and then calcined in air at 900 ° C. for 5 hours to form a lithium cobalt composite. An oxide (LiCoO ₂ ) was obtained. Subsequently, after mixing 91 parts by mass of lithium cobalt composite oxide as the positive electrode active material, 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as the positive electrode binder, and 6 parts by mass of graphite as the positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode mixture was obtained. Dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry. Subsequently, the positive electrode mixture slurry was uniformly applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A made of a strip-shaped aluminum foil (thickness = 12 μm) by a bar coater, dried, and then compression-molded by a roll press to perform positive electrode activation. A material layer 33B was formed.

Next, the negative electrode 34 was produced. First, after preparing a negative electrode current collector 34A (thickness = 22 μm) made of a roughened electrolytic copper foil, silicon is deposited as a negative electrode active material on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 34A by an electron beam evaporation method. Thus, a plurality of negative electrode active material particles were formed. In the case of forming the negative electrode active material particles, a 10-layer structure was obtained through 10 deposition steps. The thickness (total thickness) of the negative electrode active material particles on one side of the negative electrode current collector 34A was 6 μm. Subsequently, an oxide-containing film was formed by depositing silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) on the surface of the negative electrode active material particles by a liquid phase deposition method. In the case of forming this oxide-containing film, the negative electrode current collector 34A in which the negative electrode active material particles are formed is immersed for 3 hours in a solution in which boron is dissolved as an anion scavenger in hydrofluoric acid, After depositing silicon oxide on the surface of the negative electrode active material particles, it was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. Finally, a cobalt (Co) plating film is grown by an electrolytic plating method on the negative electrode current collector 34A on which a plurality of negative electrode active material particles and an oxide-containing film are formed, thereby forming a metal material. A material layer 34B was formed. In the case of forming this metal material, current was supplied while supplying air to the plating bath, and cobalt was deposited on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 34A. At this time, a cobalt plating solution manufactured by Japan High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the plating solution, the current density was 2 A / dm ^{2 to} 5 A / dm ² , and the plating rate was 10 nm / second.

Next, an electrolytic solution was prepared. First, after mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), the compound of the formula (1-17) which is an isocyanate compound shown in the formula (1) was added to prepare a solvent. At this time, the composition of the solvent (EC: DEC) was 30:70 by weight, and the content of the compound of formula (1-17) in the solvent was 0.01% by weight. The content (% by weight) of the compound of the formula (1-17) is a ratio when the total sum of the solvents (EC + DEC + the compound of the formula (1-17)) is 100% by weight. After that, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆ ) was dissolved in the solvent as an electrolyte salt. At this time, the content of lithium hexafluorophosphate was 1 mol / kg with respect to the solvent.

  Finally, a secondary battery was assembled using the electrolytic solution together with the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34. First, the positive electrode lead 31 made of aluminum was welded to one end of the positive electrode current collector 33A, and the negative electrode lead 32 made of nickel was welded to one end of the negative electrode current collector 34A. Subsequently, after laminating and winding the positive electrode 33, the separator 35 (thickness = 25 μm) made of a microporous polypropylene film, and the negative electrode 54, the winding end portion is fixed with a protective tape 37 made of an adhesive tape. Thus, a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30 was formed. Subsequently, a laminate film (total thickness) in which a nylon film (thickness = 30 μm), an aluminum foil (thickness = 40 μm), and an unstretched polypropylene film (thickness = 30 μm) are laminated from the outside. = 100 μm), the wound body was sandwiched between the exterior members 40, and the outer edges except for one side were heat-sealed to accommodate the wound body inside the bag-shaped exterior member 40. Subsequently, an electrolytic solution was injected from the opening of the exterior member 40 and impregnated in the separator 35 to produce the wound electrode body 30. Finally, the laminated film type secondary battery was completed by thermally sealing and sealing the opening of the exterior member 40 in a vacuum atmosphere. For this secondary battery, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 33B was adjusted so that lithium metal did not deposit on the negative electrode 34 during full charge.

(Experimental Examples 1-2 to 1-6)
The content of the compound of the formula (1-17) is 1% by weight (Experimental Example 1-2), 3% by weight (Experimental Example 1-3), 5% by weight (Experimental Example 1-4), 10% by weight (experimental) The procedure was the same as that of Experimental Example 1-1 except that Example 1-5) or 12% by weight (Experimental Example 1-6) was used.

(Experimental Example 1-7)
Except that the oxide-containing film and the metal material were not formed and the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used, the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-1 was performed.

(Experimental example 1-8)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-1 was performed except that the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used.

(Experimental example 1-9)
The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-3 was performed except that the oxide-containing film and the metal material were not formed.

(Experimental example 1-10)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-3 was performed, except that the compound of the formula (15) was used instead of the compound of the formula (1-17).

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 1-1 to 1-10 were examined, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

  When examining the cycle characteristics, first, charging and discharging were performed for 2 cycles in an atmosphere at 23 ° C., and the discharge capacity at the second cycle was measured. Subsequently, the battery was repeatedly charged and discharged in the same atmosphere until the total number of cycles reached 100 cycles, and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle was measured. Finally, discharge capacity retention ratio (%) = (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle / discharge capacity at the second cycle) × 100 was calculated. As charging / discharging conditions, constant current and constant voltage charging was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V at a current of 0.2 C, and then constant current discharging was performed up to a final voltage of 2.7 V at a current of 0.2 C. This “0.2 C” is a current value at which the theoretical capacity can be discharged in 5 hours.

  When investigating the initial charge / discharge characteristics, first, the battery was charged and discharged for 2 cycles in an atmosphere at 23 ° C., and then charged, and the charge capacity was measured. Then, it discharged in the same atmosphere and measured the discharge capacity. Finally, the initial charge / discharge efficiency (%) = (discharge capacity / charge capacity) × 100 was calculated. The charge / discharge conditions were the same as when the cycle characteristics were examined.

  The procedure and conditions for examining the cycle characteristics and initial charge / discharge characteristics described above are the same for the series of experimental examples that follow.

As shown in Table 1, the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 contains an oxide-containing film (SiO ₂ ) and a metal material (Co), and the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains a compound of the formula (1-17). In Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-6, compared with Experimental Examples 1-7 to 1-10, the initial charge and discharge efficiency is almost equal to or higher, without depending on the content of the compound of formula (1-17). As a result, the discharge capacity retention rate increased.

  Specifically, in Experimental Example 1-8 that includes the oxide-containing film and the metal material but does not include the compound of the formula (1-17), the oxide-containing film and the metal material are not included and the formula ( Compared with Experimental Example 1-7 which does not contain the compound of 1-17), a high initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention ratio was remarkably increased. This result indicates that the oxide-containing film and the metal material increase the discharge capacity retention rate without decreasing the initial charge / discharge efficiency. However, since the discharge capacity retention ratio obtained in Experimental Example 1-8 is not yet sufficient, the discharge capacity retention ratio cannot be sufficiently increased only with the oxide-containing film and the metal material.

  In addition, in Experimental Example 1-9 that does not include the oxide-containing film and the metal material but contains the compound of Formula (1-17), the discharge capacity retention rate is slightly lower than that of Experimental Example 1-7. However, the initial charge / discharge efficiency was less than 80%. This result indicates that the compound of the formula (1-17) increases the discharge capacity retention rate while decreasing the initial charge / discharge efficiency.

  Furthermore, in Experimental Example 1-10 that does not include the oxide-containing film and the metal material but contains the compound of Formula (15), the initial charge / discharge is 80% or more higher than that in Experimental Example 1-7. Efficiency was obtained, but the discharge capacity retention rate was low. This result shows that although the compound of the formula (15) is a monoisocyanate compound like the compound of the formula (1-17), the discharge capacity retention rate is lowered.

  On the other hand, in Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-6 including the oxide-containing film and the metal material and containing the compound of Formula (1-17), Experimental Examples 1-7 to 1-10 Unlike the above, an initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and a high discharge capacity maintenance rate of almost 80% or more was obtained. This result indicates that the combined use of the oxide-containing film and the metal material and the compound of the formula (1-17) significantly increases the discharge capacity retention rate while suppressing a decrease in the initial charge / discharge efficiency. .

  In particular, in Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-6, as the content of the compound of formula (1-17) increases, the discharge capacity retention rate decreases and then the initial charge / discharge efficiency decreases slightly. Showed a tendency to In this case, when the content of the compound of the formula (1-17) is 0.01% by weight or more, a high discharge capacity maintenance rate that can be sufficiently differentiated from Experimental Examples 1-7 to 1-10 and Initial charge / discharge efficiency was obtained, and when it was 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention ratio and charge / discharge efficiency were obtained, and a decrease in battery capacity was also suppressed.

  From these, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 contains an oxide-containing film and a metal material, and the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains the compound of the formula (1-17). Thus, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics. In this case, it was also confirmed that if the content of the compound of formula (1-17) in the solvent is 0.01 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less, an excellent battery capacity can be obtained.

(Experimental examples 2-1 to 2-8)
In place of the compound of formula (1-17) as the isocyanate compound shown in formula (1), the compound of formula (1-1) (Experimental example 2-1), the compound of formula (1-2) (experimental example) 2-2), a compound of Formula (1-6) (Experimental Example 2-3), a compound of Formula (1-16) (Experimental Example 2-4), a compound of Formula (1-50) (Experimental Example 2- 5), a compound of Formula (1-54) (Experimental Example 2-6), a compound of Formula (1-60) (Experimental Example 2-7), or a compound of Formula (1-63) (Experimental Example 2-8) ) Was used in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1-3.

(Experimental example 2-9)
Instead of the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1), the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-3 was performed except that the compound of Formula (2-4), which is the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (2), was used. .

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 2-1 to 2-9 were examined, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 2, in Experimental Examples 2-1 to 2-9 using the compound of the formula (1-1) and the like, Experimental Examples 1-7 to 1-10 are similar to Experimental Example 1-3. As compared with the first charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more, the discharge capacity retention rate increased.

  Therefore, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 includes an oxide-containing film and a metal material, and the solvent of the electrolytic solution includes a compound of formula (1-1) or the like. In addition, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental examples 3-1 and 3-2)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-3 was performed except that dimethyl carbonate (DMC: Experimental Example 3-1) or ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC: Experimental Example 3-2) was used instead of DEC as a solvent.

(Experimental example 3-3)
Propyl carbonate (PC) was added as a solvent, and the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-3 was performed except that the composition of the solvent (EC: DEC: PC) was 10:70:20 by weight.

(Experimental examples 3-4 to 3-7)
As a solvent, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate (DFDMC) (Experimental Example 3-4), which is a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4), or a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5) 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC: Experimental Example 3-5) or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (DFEC: Experimental Example 3-6), Alternatively, a procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-3 was performed except that vinylene carbonate (VC: Experimental Example 3-7), which is a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by Formula (6), was added. At this time, the content of DFDMC and the like in the solvent was 5% by weight.

(Experimental examples 3-8, 3-9)
As an additive (other solvent), propene sultone (PRS: Experimental Example 3-8) or an acid anhydride sulfobenzoic anhydride (SBAH: Experimental Example 3-9) is added to the electrolytic solution. Except that, the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-3 was performed. At this time, the amount of PRS or the like added was 1% by weight. The addition amount (% by weight) of PRS or the like is a ratio when the total amount of the electrolytic solution excluding the electrolyte salt (EC + DEC + the compound of formula (1-17) + PRS etc.) is 100% by weight.

(Experimental Examples 3-10 to 3-13)
The same procedures as in Experimental Examples 3-5 to 3-7 and 3-9 were performed except that the oxide-containing film and the metal material were not formed and the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used.

(Experimental Examples 3-14 to 3-17)
The same procedure as in Experimental Examples 3-5 to 3-7 and 3-9 was performed except that the compound of formula (1-17) was not used.

  When the cycle characteristics and initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 3-1 to 3-17 were examined, the results shown in Table 3 and Table 4 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 3 and Table 4, also in Experimental Examples 3-1 to 3-9 in which the composition of the solvent was changed, as in Experimental Example 1-3, Experimental Examples 1-7, 1-8, 3- Compared with 10-3-17, the initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate was increased.

  In particular, in Experimental Examples 3-1 to 3-3 in which DEC was changed to DMC or the like, or PC was added, a discharge capacity retention rate and initial charge / discharge efficiency substantially equal to those of Experimental Example 1-3 were obtained.

  Further, in Experimental Examples 3-4 to 3-7 using DFDMC or the like, the discharge capacity retention rate was higher than in Experimental Example 1-3. In this case, as is clear from the comparison of Experimental Examples 3-5 and 3-6, the discharge capacity retention rate tended to increase as the number of halogens increased.

  Moreover, in Experimental Examples 3-8 and 3-9 using PRS and SBAH as additives, the discharge capacity retention rate was higher than in Experimental Example 1-3.

  Here, only the results when the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond shown in Formula (6) is used as the solvent are shown, and the unsaturated carbon shown in Formula (7) or Formula (8) is shown. The results are not shown when a cyclic carbonate having a bond is used. However, the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond shown in the formula (7) or the like functions to increase the discharge capacity maintenance rate in the same manner as the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond shown in the formula (6). Therefore, it is clear that the same result can be obtained when the former is used as when the latter is used.

  From these facts, it was confirmed that in the secondary battery of the present invention, even if the composition of the solvent was changed, the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics. In this case, as a solvent, a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4), a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5), or a formula (6) to formula (8) It was also confirmed that the properties were further improved by using a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond or using sultone or acid anhydride as an additive. In addition, when a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by the formula (4) or a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by the formula (5) is used, the characteristics are further improved if the number of halogens is increased. Was also confirmed.

(Experimental examples 4-1 to 4-3)
As an electrolyte salt, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF ₄ : Experimental Example 4-1), a compound of Formula (9-6) that is a compound shown in Formula (9) (Experimental Example 4-2), or Formula ( The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-3 was performed, except that bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium (LiTFSI: Experimental Example 4-3), which is the compound shown in 12), was added. At this time, the content of lithium hexafluorophosphate was 0.9 mol / kg with respect to the solvent, and the content of lithium tetrafluoroborate and the like was 0.1 mol / kg with respect to the solvent.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 4-1 to 4-3 were examined, the results shown in Table 5 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 5, in Experimental Examples 4-1 to 4-3 in which lithium tetrafluoroborate or the like was added as an electrolyte salt, the initial charge / discharge efficiency was 80% or more compared with Experimental Example 1-3. The discharge capacity maintenance rate increased while maintaining the above.

  Here, only the results when lithium tetrafluoroborate or a compound represented by formula (9) or formula (12) is used as the electrolyte salt are shown. Results are not shown when lithium acid or a compound represented by formula (10), formula (11), formula (13) or formula (14) is used. However, since lithium perchlorate and the like perform the function of increasing the discharge capacity maintenance rate in the same manner as lithium tetrafluoroborate and the like, the same result as in the case of using the latter can be obtained even when the former is used. That is clear.

  From these facts, it was confirmed that in the secondary battery of the present invention, even if the type of the electrolyte salt was changed, the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics. In this case, if the electrolyte salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, or a compound represented by formulas (9) to (14), the characteristics are further improved. It was also confirmed that

(Experimental example 5-1)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-1 was performed except that only the oxide-containing film was formed without forming the metal material.

(Experimental examples 5-2 to 5-7)
The content of the compound of the formula (1-17) is 0.5% by weight (Experimental Example 5-2), 1% by weight (Experimental Example 5-3), 3% by weight (Experimental Example 5-4), 5% by weight. (Experimental Example 5-5) A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 5-1 was performed, except that the content was 10% by weight (Experimental Example 5-6) or 12% by weight (Experimental Example 5-7).

(Experimental Example 5-8)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 5-1 was performed, except that the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used.

  The cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 5-1 to 5-8 were examined. The results shown in Table 6 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 6, even when only the oxide-containing film was formed, the same results as those shown in Table 1 were obtained. That is, when an oxide-containing film was formed, in Experimental Examples 5-1 to 5-7 using the compound of the formula (1-17), compared to Experimental Example 5-8 that did not use the compound, The initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate was high. In this case, when the content of the compound of the formula (1-17) was 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention rate was obtained and a decrease in battery capacity was also suppressed.

  Here, only the results obtained when silicon oxide is used as the material for forming the oxide-containing film are shown, and the results obtained when germanium oxide or tin oxide is used are not shown. However, germanium oxide, etc., like silicon oxide, has the function of increasing the discharge capacity maintenance rate by being formed by the liquid phase deposition method, so the latter was used even when the former was used. It is clear that similar results are obtained.

  For these reasons, in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 includes only the oxide-containing film, the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains the compound of the formula (1-17). Thus, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental example 6-1)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-1 was performed except that only the metal material was formed without forming the oxide-containing film.

(Experimental examples 6-2 to 6-7)
The content of the compound of formula (1-17) is 0.5 wt% (Experimental Example 6-2), 1 wt% (Experimental Example 6-3), 3 wt% (Experimental Example 6-4), 5 wt% (Experimental Example 6-5) A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 6-1 was performed, except that the content was 10% by weight (Experimental Example 6-6) or 12% by weight (Experimental Example 6-7).

(Experimental Example 6-8)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 6-1 was performed, except that the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 6-1 to 6-8 were examined, the results shown in Table 7 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 6, even when only the metal material was formed, the same result as that shown in Table 1 was obtained. That is, in the case where a metal material is formed, in Experimental Examples 6-1 to 6-7 using the compound tail of the formula (1-17), as compared with Experimental Examples 6-8 that did not use it, 80 % Initial charge / discharge efficiency was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate increased. In this case, when the content of the compound of the formula (1-17) was 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention rate was obtained and a decrease in battery capacity was also suppressed.

  From these, in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 contains only a metal material, the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains the compound of the formula (1-17), It was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental example 7-1)
A procedure similar to that in Experimental Example 6-5 was performed, except that a metal material was formed by growing a nickel (Ni) plating film instead of cobalt. At this time, a nickel plating solution manufactured by Nippon High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the plating solution, the current density was 2 A / dm ^{2 to} 5 A / dm ² , and the plating rate was 10 nm / second.

(Experimental example 7-2)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 7-1 was performed, except that the compound of the formula (1-17) was not used.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 7-1 and 7-2 were examined, the results shown in Table 8 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 8, even when the forming material of the metal material was changed, the same result as that shown in Table 7 was obtained. That is, when the metal material is formed, in the experimental example 7-1 using the compound of the formula (1-17), the initial charge of 80% or more is compared with the experimental example 7-2 in which the compound is not used. The discharge efficiency was obtained and the discharge capacity retention rate was increased.

  Here, only the results when cobalt and nickel are used as the metal material forming material are shown, and the results when iron, zinc and copper are used are not shown. However, iron and the like, like cobalt and the like, have the function of increasing the discharge capacity retention rate by being formed as a plating film by the electrolytic plating method, so that the former is used in the same manner as the latter is used. It is clear that the result is obtained.

  From this, it was confirmed that in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the forming material of the metal material is changed, the cycle characteristics are improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  Here, when compared between the three experimental examples 1-3, 5-4, and 6-4 in which the content of the compound of the formula (1-17) is the same, the discharge capacity retention rate is the oxide-containing film or It was higher when both the oxide-containing film and the metal material were formed than when only the metal material was formed. Further, the discharge capacity retention rate was higher when the oxide-containing film was formed than when the metal material was formed.

  From these facts, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the cycle characteristics are improved more in the case of forming both of them than in the case of forming only one of the oxide-containing film and the metal material, When only one of them was formed, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were more improved in the oxide-containing film than in the metal material.

(Experimental examples 8-1 to 8-7)
In place of the isocyanate compound represented by the formula (1), a compound represented by the formula (3-15) which is a sulfonyl compound represented by the formula (3) was used, and the content thereof was 0.01% by weight (Experimental Example 8- 1), 0.5% by weight (Experimental Example 8-2), 1% by weight (Experimental Example 8-3), 3% by weight (Experimental Example 8-4), 5% by weight (Experimental Example 8-5), 10 A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 1-1 was performed except that the content was 12% by weight (Experimental Example 8-6) or 12% by weight (Experimental Example 8-7).

(Experimental Example 8-8)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 8-4 was performed except that the oxide-containing film and the metal material were not formed.

  The cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 8-1 to 8-8 were examined. The results shown in Table 9 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 9, even when the sulfonyl compound shown in Formula (3) was used, the same results as those obtained when using the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) (Table 1) were obtained. .

That is, Experimental Example 8-1 in which the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 includes the oxide-containing film (SiO ₂ ) and the metal material (Co), and the solvent of the electrolytic solution includes the compound of the formula (3-15). In 8-7, as compared with Experiments 1-7, 1-8, and 8-8, the initial charge and discharge efficiency was almost equal to or higher without depending on the content of the compound of Formula (3-15). At the same time, the discharge capacity retention rate increased.

  In particular, in Experimental Examples 8-1 to 8-7, when the content of the compound of the formula (3-15) is 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention ratio is obtained and the battery capacity is obtained. The decline of was also suppressed.

  For these reasons, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 contains an oxide-containing film and a metal material, and the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains a compound of formula (3-15). Thus, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics. In this case, it was also confirmed that if the content of the compound of formula (3-15) in the solvent is 0.01 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less, an excellent battery capacity can be obtained.

(Experimental examples 9-1 and 9-2)
As the sulfonyl compound represented by the formula (3), instead of the compound of the formula (3-15), a compound of the formula (3-9) (Experimental Example 9-1) or a compound of the formula (3-16) (experimental) A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 8-4 was performed, except that Example 9-2) was used.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 9-1 and 9-2 were examined, the results shown in Table 10 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 10, even when the type of the sulfonyl compound shown in Formula (3) was changed, the same result as in the case where the type of the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) was changed (Table 2) was gotten.

  That is, in Experimental Examples 9-1 and 9-2 using the compound of the formula (3-9) and the like, compared with Experimental Examples 1-7, 1-8, and 8-8, as in Experimental Example 8-4. In addition, an initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate was increased.

  From this, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 includes an oxide-containing film and a metal material, and the solvent of the electrolytic solution includes a compound of formula (3-9) or the like. In addition, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental examples 10-1, 10-2)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 8-4 was performed except that DMC (Experimental Example 10-1) or EMC (Experimental Example 10-2) was used instead of DEC as a solvent.

(Experimental example 10-3)
PC was added as a solvent, and the same procedure as in Experimental Example 8-4 was performed, except that the composition of the solvent (EC: DEC: PC) was 10:70:20 by weight.

(Experimental examples 10-4 to 10-7)
Except for adding DFDMC (Experimental Example 10-4), FEC (Experimental Example 10-5), DFEC (Experimental Example 10-6), or VC (Experimental Example 10-7) as a solvent, Experimental Example 8- The same procedure as in No. 4 was performed. At this time, the content of DFDMC and the like in the solvent was 5% by weight.

(Experimental examples 10-8, 10-9)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 8-4 was performed, except that PRS (Experimental Example 10-8) or SBAH (Experimental Example 10-9) was added to the electrolytic solution as an additive. At this time, the amount of PRS or the like added was 1% by weight.

  When the cycle characteristics and initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 10-1 to 10-9 were examined, the results shown in Table 11 and Table 12 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 11 and Table 12, even when the composition of the electrolytic solution was changed using the sulfonyl compound shown in Formula (3), the electrolyte solution was changed using the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) or the like. Results similar to those obtained when the composition was changed (Tables 3 and 4) were obtained.

  That is, in Experimental Examples 10-1 to 10-9 using FEC or the like, as in Experimental Example 8-4, compared to Experimental Examples 1-7, 1-8, 3-10 to 3-17, 80 % Initial charge / discharge efficiency was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate increased.

  From these facts, it was confirmed that in the secondary battery of the present invention, even if the composition of the solvent was changed, the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental examples 11-1 to 11-8)
Except that only the oxide-containing film was formed without forming the metal material, the same procedure as in Experimental Examples 8-1 to 8-7 and 1-8 was performed.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Experimental Examples 11-1 to 11-8 were examined, the results shown in Table 13 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 13, even when only the oxide-containing film is formed using the sulfonyl compound represented by Formula (3), only the oxide-containing film is formed using the isocyanate compound or the like represented by Formula (1). The same results as in the case of forming (Table 6) were obtained.

  That is, when only the oxide-containing film is formed, the experimental examples 11-1 to 11-7 using the compound of the formula (3-15) are compared with the experimental example 11-8 that does not use the compound. The initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate was high. In this case, when the content of the compound of the formula (3-15) was 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention rate was obtained and a decrease in battery capacity was also suppressed.

  From these facts, in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 includes only the oxide-containing film, the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains the compound of the formula (3-15). Thus, it was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental examples 12-1 to 12-8)
Except that only the metal material was formed without forming the oxide-containing film, the same procedure as in Experimental Examples 8-1 to 8-7 and 1-8 was performed.

  When the cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary batteries of Examples 12-1 to 12-8 were examined, the results shown in Table 14 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 14, when only the metal material is formed using the isocyanate compound shown in the formula (1) even when only the metal material is formed using the sulfonyl compound shown in the formula (3) The same results as in (Table 7) were obtained.

  That is, when only a metal material is formed, in Experimental Examples 12-1 to 12-7 using the compound of the formula (3-15), compared to Experimental Example 12-8 in which the compound is not used, 80 % Initial charge / discharge efficiency was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate increased. In this case, when the content of the compound of the formula (3-15) was 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, a high discharge capacity retention rate was obtained and a decrease in battery capacity was also suppressed.

  From these, in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the negative electrode active material layer 34B of the negative electrode 34 contains only a metal material, the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains the compound of the formula (3-15), It was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

(Experimental example 13)
A procedure similar to that of Experimental Example 12-5 was performed except that a metal material was formed by growing a nickel plating film instead of cobalt. The conditions for forming the nickel plating film are the same as in Experimental Example 7-1.

  The cycle characteristics and the initial charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery of Experimental Example 13 were examined. The results shown in Table 15 were obtained.

  As shown in Table 15, even when the forming material of the metal material was changed, the same result as in Table 14 was obtained. That is, when the metal material is formed, the initial charge / discharge efficiency of 80% or more in Experimental Example 13 using the compound of Formula (3-15) as compared with Experimental Example 7-2 in which the compound is not used. Was obtained, and the discharge capacity retention rate increased.

  From this, it was confirmed that in the secondary battery of the present invention, even when the forming material of the metal material is changed, the cycle characteristics are improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics.

  Here, when compared between the three experimental examples 8-4, 11-4, and 12-4 in which the content of the compound of the formula (3-15) is the same, the discharge capacity retention rate is as follows. It was higher when both metal materials were formed, and higher when the oxide-containing film was formed than when the metal material was formed.

  Therefore, in the secondary battery of the present invention, when both the oxide-containing film and the metal material are formed, the cycle characteristics are further improved, and the cycle characteristics are further improved in the oxide-containing film than the metal material. Was confirmed.

  From the results shown in Tables 1 to 15, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode includes a plurality of negative electrode active material particles having silicon and at least one of an oxide-containing film and a metal material. In addition, when the solvent of the electrolytic solution contains at least one of the isocyanate compound shown in Formula (1) and Formula (2) and the sulfonyl compound shown in Formula (3), the composition and addition of the solvent It was confirmed that the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the initial charge / discharge characteristics without depending on the presence or absence of the agent, the type of the electrolyte salt, the forming material of the metal material, and the like.

  The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the above embodiments and examples, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above-described embodiments and examples, the lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is expressed based on insertion and extraction of lithium ions is described as the type of the secondary battery, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. It is not a thing. The secondary battery of the present invention uses a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions as the negative electrode active material, and the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions is the discharge capacity of the positive electrode. About a secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode includes a capacity associated with insertion and extraction of lithium ions and a capacity associated with precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal, and is represented by the sum of these capacities. , As well as applicable.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, the case where the electrolytic solution or the gel electrolyte in which the electrolytic solution is held in the polymer compound is used as the electrolyte of the secondary battery of the present invention has been described. The electrolyte may be used. Other electrolytes include, for example, a mixture of an ion conductive inorganic compound such as ion conductive ceramics, ion conductive glass or ionic crystal and an electrolyte, or a mixture of another inorganic compound and an electrolyte. Or a mixture of these inorganic compounds and a gel electrolyte.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, the case where the battery structure is a cylindrical type and a laminate film type and the case where the battery element has a winding structure have been described as examples. However, the secondary battery of the present invention is described. Can be similarly applied to cases where other battery structures such as a square shape, a coin shape, and a button shape are provided, and where battery elements have other structures such as a laminated structure.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, the case where lithium is used as the electrode reactant has been described. However, other group 1 elements such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) or calcium ( Group 2 elements such as Ca) or other light metals such as aluminum may be used. Since the effect of the present invention should be obtained without depending on the type of the electrode reactant, the same effect can be obtained even if the type of the electrode reactant is changed.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, the contents of the isocyanate compound represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2) and the sulfonyl compound represented by the formula (3) in the secondary battery of the present invention are described as examples. However, the explanation does not completely deny the possibility that the content is out of the above-mentioned range. In other words, the appropriate range described above is a particularly preferable range for obtaining the effect of the present invention, and the content may be slightly deviated from the above range as long as the effect of the present invention is obtained.

It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the secondary battery which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which expands and represents a part of winding electrode body shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a negative electrode illustrated in FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the negative electrode of a reference example. FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph showing a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode shown in FIG. 2 and a schematic diagram thereof. FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph showing another cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode shown in FIG. 2 and a schematic diagram thereof. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the secondary battery which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing along the VIII-VIII line of the wound electrode body shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Battery can, 12, 13 ... Insulation board, 14 ... Battery cover, 15 ... Safety valve mechanism, 15A ... Disc board, 16 ... Heat sensitive resistance element, 17 ... Gasket, 20, 30 ... Winding electrode body, 21, 33 ... Positive electrode, 21A, 33A ... Positive electrode current collector, 21B, 33B ... Positive electrode active material layer, 22, 34 ... Negative electrode, 22A, 34A ... Negative electrode current collector, 22B, 34B ... Negative electrode active material layer, 23, 35 ... Separator 24 ... Center pin, 25, 31 ... Positive electrode lead, 26, 32 ... Negative electrode lead, 36 ... Electrolyte, 37 ... Protective tape, 40 ... Exterior member, 41 ... Adhesive film, 221 ... Negative electrode active material particle, 222 ... Oxide Containing film, 224 (224A, 224B) ... gap, 225 ... gap, 226 ... metal material.

Claims (20)

A positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer, and an electrolyte including a solvent,
The negative electrode active material layer is provided in a plurality of negative electrode active material particles having silicon (Si) as a constituent element, an oxide-containing film covering a surface of the negative electrode active material particle, and a gap in the negative electrode active material layer And at least one of metal materials having, as a constituent element, a metal element that is not alloyed with the electrode reactant produced, and
The said solvent contains the at least 1 sort (s) of the isocyanate compound represented by Formula (1) and Formula (2), and the sulfonyl compound represented by Formula (3).

(R1 is a monovalent organic group, and X is —C (═O) —, —O—C (═O) —, —S (═O) —, —O—S (═O) —, — S (= O) ₂ — or —O—S (═O) ₂ —, wherein X is bonded to the carbon atom in R 1.

(R2 is a z-valent organic group, and z is an integer of 2 or more, provided that the nitrogen atom in the isocyanate group is bonded to the carbon atom in R2).

(R3 and R4 are a halogen group, an isocyanate group or a cyano group.)   2. The secondary according to claim 1, wherein R 1 in Chemical Formula 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group, or a derivative thereof. battery.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein R 2 in the chemical formula 2 is an alkylene group or an arylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein z in the chemical formula 2 is 2 or 3.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide-containing film contains at least one of an oxide of silicon, an oxide of germanium (Ge), and an oxide of tin (Sn).   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide-containing film contains a fluorine anion or a compound of fluorine and one of group 13 element, group 14 element, or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table. .   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide-containing film is formed by a liquid phase method.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide-containing film is formed by at least one of a liquid phase deposition method, a sol-gel method, and a dip coating method.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal material is provided in a gap between the negative electrode active material particles.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material particles have a multilayer structure in the particles, and the metal material is provided in a gap in the negative electrode active material particles.   The metal element that does not alloy with the electrode reactant is at least one of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Next battery.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal material is formed by a liquid phase method.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal material is formed by an electrolytic plating method or an electroless plating method.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the content of the isocyanate compound and the sulfonyl compound in the solvent is 0.01 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less. The solvent includes a chain carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (4) as a constituent element, a cyclic carbonate having a halogen represented by formula (5) as a constituent element, formula (6) to formula (8) The secondary battery of Claim 1 containing at least 1 sort (s) of the cyclic carbonate which has an unsaturated carbon bond represented by this, a sultone, and an acid anhydride.

(R11 to R16 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.)

(R17 to R20 are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of them is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group.)

(R21 and R22 are a hydrogen group or an alkyl group.)

(R23 to R26 are a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a vinyl group, or an allyl group, and at least one of them is a vinyl group or an allyl group.)

(R27 is an alkylene group.)   The chain carbonic acid ester having halogen represented by the formula (4) is fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, difluoromethyl methyl carbonate or bis (fluoromethyl carbonate), and the cyclic carbonate having halogen represented by the formula (5). The secondary battery according to claim 15, which is 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.   The cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by the formula (6) is vinylene carbonate, the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by the formula (7) is vinylethylene carbonate, The secondary battery according to claim 15, wherein the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated carbon bond represented by the formula (8) is methylene ethylene carbonate. The electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt, and the electrolyte salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆ ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF ₄ ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO ₄ ), hexafluoroarsenate. The secondary battery according to claim 1, comprising at least one of lithium (LiAsF ₆ ) and compounds represented by formulas (9) to (14).

(X31 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table, or aluminum (Al). M31 is a transition metal element, or a group 13 element, group 14 element, or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table. R31 is a halogen group, Y31 is — (O═) C—R32—C (═O) —, — (O═) C—C (R33) ₂ — or — (O═) C—C ( ═O) —, wherein R32 is an alkylene group, a halogenated alkylene group, an arylene group or a halogenated arylene group, and R33 is an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogenated aryl group. A3 is an integer of 1 to 4, b3 is 0, 2 or 4, and c3, d3, m3 and n3 are integers of 1 to 3.)

(X41 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long periodic table. M41 is a transition metal element, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long period periodic table. Y41 is − ( O =) C- (C (R41 ) 2) b4 -C (= O) -, - (R43) 2 C- (C (R42) 2) c4 -C (= O) -, - (R43) 2 C -(C (R42) ₂ ) _c4 -C (R43) ₂ -,-(R43) ₂ C- (C (R42) ₂ ) _c4 -S (= O) ₂ -,-(O =) ₂ S- ( C (R42) ₂ ) _d4- S (= O) _2- or-(O =) C- (C (R42) ₂ ) _d4- S (= O) _2- where R41 and R43 are hydrogen groups. , An alkyl group, a halogen group, or a halogenated alkyl group, and at least one of each is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group. R42 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, wherein a4, e4 and n4 are 1 or 2, b4 and d4 are integers of 1 to 4, and c4 Is an integer from 0 to 4, and f4 and m4 are integers from 1 to 3.)

(X51 is a group 1 element or group 2 element in the long-period periodic table. M51 is a transition metal element, or a group 13, element or group 15 element in the long-period periodic table. Rf is fluorinated. An alkyl group or a fluorinated aryl group, each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms Y51 is — (O═) C— (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 —C (═O) —, — (R52); ₂ C- (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 -C (= O)-,-(R52) ₂ C- (C (R51) ₂ ) _d5 -C (R52) ₂ -,-(R52) ₂ C- ( _{C (R51) 2) d5 -S} (= O) 2 -, - (O =) 2 S- (C (R51) 2) e5 -S (= O) 2 - or - (O =) C- (C _{(R51) 2) e5 -S (} = O) 2 -. is, however, R51 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, or a halogen Kaa R52 is a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, at least one of which is a halogen group or a halogenated alkyl group, wherein a5, f5 and n5 are 1 or 2; B5, c5 and e5 are integers of 1 to 4, d5 is an integer of 0 to 4, and g5 and m5 are integers of 1 to 3.)

(M and n are integers of 1 or more.)

(R61 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.)

(P, q and r are integers of 1 or more.)   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material particles are at least one of a simple substance, an alloy, and a compound of silicon.   The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode reactant is lithium ion.

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