JP2009227781A - Ferrocoke for metallurgy - Google Patents
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本発明は、石炭と鉄鉱石との混合物を成型して乾留して製造する冶金用フェロコークスに関する。 The present invention relates to a ferro-coke for metallurgy that is produced by molding a mixture of coal and iron ore and subjecting it to dry distillation.
原料石炭に粉鉄鉱石を配合し、この混合物を通常の室炉式コークス炉で乾留してフェロコークスを製造する技術としては、（ａ）石炭と粉鉄鉱石との粉混合物を室炉式コークス炉に装入する方法、（ｂ）石炭と鉄鉱石を冷間、すなわち室温で成型し、その成型物を室炉式コークス炉に装入する方法などが検討されてきた（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）。しかし通常の室炉式コークス炉は珪石煉瓦で構成されているので、鉄鉱石を装入した場合に鉄鉱石が珪石煉瓦の主成分であるシリカと反応し、低融点のファイヤライト（２ＦｅＯ・ＳｉＯ2）が生成して珪石煉瓦の損傷を招く。このため室炉式コークス炉でフェロコークスを製造する技術は、工業的には実施されていない。 The technology for producing ferro-coke by blending powdered iron ore with raw coal and producing this ferro-coke by dry distillation of this mixture in an ordinary chamber-type coke oven is as follows. A method of charging into a furnace, (b) a method of forming coal and iron ore cold, that is, at room temperature, and charging the molded product into a chamber-type coke oven have been studied (for example, non-patent literature). 1). However, since ordinary furnace-type coke ovens are composed of silica brick, when iron ore is charged, iron ore reacts with silica, which is the main component of silica brick, and low melting point firelite (2FeO · SiO 2 ) is generated and causes damage to the quartz brick. For this reason, the technique which manufactures ferro-coke with a chamber-type coke oven is not implemented industrially.
上記問題を回避するため、乾留後のコークスに鉄含有物質を含浸させて高反応性コークス（フェロコークス）を製造する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。この方法では、コークス中に鉄含有物質を含浸させるのが困難であり、内部まで鉄の濃度を上昇させるには時間がかかり、生産性を大幅に低下させてしまう。またハンドリング時の衝撃で含浸させた鉄含有物がはがれ落ちてしまい、効果が低下する等の問題が残されている。 In order to avoid the above problem, a method has been proposed in which coke after dry distillation is impregnated with an iron-containing substance to produce highly reactive coke (ferro coke) (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this method, it is difficult to impregnate the coke with the iron-containing substance, and it takes time to increase the iron concentration to the inside, and the productivity is greatly reduced. Moreover, the iron-containing material impregnated by the impact at the time of handling peels off, and the problem that an effect falls, etc. remains.
近年、室炉式コークス製造法に替わるコークス製造方法として、連続式成型コークス製造法が開発されている。連続式成型コークス法では、乾留炉として、珪石煉瓦ではなくシャモット煉瓦にて構成される竪型シャフト炉を用い、石炭を冷間で所定の大きさに成型後、シャフト炉に装入し、循環熱媒ガスを用いて加熱することにより成型炭を乾留し、成型コークスを製造する。資源埋蔵量が豊富で安価な非微粘結炭を多量に使用しても、通常の室炉式コークス炉と同等の強度を有するコークスが製造可能なことが確認されているが、使用する石炭の粘結性が高い場合にはシャフト炉内で成型炭が軟化融着し、シャフト炉操業が困難になると共に変形や割れ等のコークス品質低下を招く。 In recent years, a continuous molding coke manufacturing method has been developed as a coke manufacturing method replacing the chamber furnace type coke manufacturing method. In the continuous molding coke method, a vertical shaft furnace composed of chamotte bricks instead of silica bricks is used as the carbonization furnace, and coal is molded into a predetermined size in the cold, and then charged into the shaft furnace for circulation. The coal is carbonized by heating with a heat medium gas to produce a molded coke. It has been confirmed that even if a large amount of non-slightly caking coal that is abundant in resource reserves and inexpensive is used, it is possible to produce coke that has the same strength as a normal chamber-type coke oven. When the caking property is high, the coal is softened and fused in the shaft furnace, which makes it difficult to operate the shaft furnace and causes deterioration of coke quality such as deformation and cracking.
連続式コークス製造法でのシャフト炉内での融着抑制のために、石炭に鉄鉱石を全体量の１５〜４０％となるように添加し、冷間で成型物を製造し、シャフト炉に装入する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照。）。この方法では、鉄鉱石には粘結性がないので、冷間の状態で成型物を製造するために高価なバインダーを添加する必要がある。そこで、原料としての石炭と鉄鉱石あるいは鉄原料を、加熱した熱間の状態で塊成型物に成型する方法も提案されている（例えば、特許文献３、特許文献４参照。）。
しかしながら、上記特許文献２〜４において、石炭と、鉄鉱石あるいは鉄原料とでは、乾留時における熱的挙動が異なることから、乾留後の強度低下が大きいという問題が残されている。 However, in the said patent documents 2-4, since the thermal behavior at the time of dry distillation differs between coal and an iron ore or an iron raw material, the problem that the strength fall after dry distillation is large remains.
鉄鉱石と炭材との成型物を乾留してフェロコークスを製造する際、還元率の上昇とともに炭材が鉱石の還元に使用されるため、フェロコークス中に欠陥構造が発生し強度低下が顕著となる。また、成型物の乾留中に成型物同士の融着を抑制する必要があるので、鉱石比率が５０ｍａｓｓ％以下のフェロコークスを製造する場合には炭材として難溶融性炭材を配合する必要が生じる。難溶融性炭材はフェロコークスの強度向上に寄与しないため、難溶融性炭材を用いる場合は特に、高い還元率を維持しながらフェロコークスの強度を確保するのは困難である。 When ferro-coke is produced by dry distillation of iron ore and carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is used to reduce the ore as the reduction rate increases, so a defect structure is generated in the ferro-coke and the strength is significantly reduced. It becomes. Moreover, since it is necessary to suppress fusion | bonding of molded products during dry distillation of a molded product, when manufacturing ferro-coke whose ore ratio is 50 mass% or less, it is necessary to mix | blend a hardly-melting carbon material as a carbon material. Arise. Since the hardly fusible carbon material does not contribute to improving the strength of the ferro coke, it is difficult to ensure the strength of the ferro coke while maintaining a high reduction rate, particularly when the hardly fusible carbon material is used.
したがって本発明の目的は、このような従来技術の課題を解決し、炭材と鉄鉱石とからなる成型物を乾留して製造されるフェロコークスであって、鉄鉱石の還元が進行してもフェロコークス強度の低下が抑制される、冶金用フェロコークスを提供することにある。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is a ferro-coke produced by dry distillation of a molded product composed of a carbonaceous material and iron ore, which solves such problems of the prior art, and even if the reduction of the iron ore proceeds An object of the present invention is to provide metallurgical ferro-coke in which a decrease in ferro-coke strength is suppressed.
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、フェロコークス強度向上に寄与しない難溶融性炭材の近傍に鉄鉱石を偏在して配置させることにより、主に難溶融性炭材に鉄鉱石還元に伴う欠陥構造が発生し、フェロコークス強度向上に寄与する軟化溶融を示す易溶融性炭材にはほとんど欠陥構造が発生していない冶金用フェロコークスを得るものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and iron ore is mainly distributed in the hardly fusible carbon material by arranging iron ore in the vicinity of the hardly fusible carbon material that does not contribute to the improvement of the ferrocoke strength. The defect structure accompanying the stone reduction is generated, and the ferro-coke for metallurgy is obtained in which the defect structure is hardly generated in the easily meltable carbon material exhibiting softening and melting that contributes to the improvement of the ferro-coke strength.
このような課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は以下の通りである。
（１）炭材と鉄鉱石とからなる成型物を乾留して製造されるフェロコークスであって、前記炭材がギーセラープラストメータで測定される最高流動度が２ｄｄｐｍ未満である難溶融性炭材と最高流動度が２ｄｄｐｍ以上の易溶融性炭材とからなり、前記鉄鉱石が前記難溶融性炭材の近傍に偏在していることを特徴とする冶金用フェロコークス。
（２）鉄鉱石が難溶融性炭材の内部に含浸されていることを特徴とする（１）に記載の冶金用フェロコークス。
（３）難溶融性炭材表面が鉄鉱石で被覆されていることを特徴とする（１）に記載の冶金用フェロコークス。
The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) Ferro-coke produced by dry distillation of a molded product composed of a carbon material and iron ore, wherein the carbon material has a maximum fluidity of less than 2 ddpm as measured by a Gieseler plastometer. Ferro-coke for metallurgy, characterized in that the iron ore is unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the hardly-fusible carbon material, and a high-fluidity carbon material having a maximum fluidity of 2 ddpm or more.
(2) Ferro-coke for metallurgy according to (1), characterized in that iron ore is impregnated inside the hardly-meltable carbonaceous material.
(3) The ferrocoke for metallurgy according to (1), wherein the surface of the hardly fusible carbon material is coated with iron ore.
本発明によれば、難溶融性炭材を用いてフェロコークスを製造する場合であっても、高強度のフェロコークスが得られる。 According to the present invention, even when ferrocoke is produced using a hardly fusible carbon material, high strength ferrocoke can be obtained.
これにより、フェロコークスを高炉で使用した場合に、ＣＯ2ガスとの反応より発生する粉の発生を抑制し、フェロコークス使用による圧力損失の上昇を抑制しつつ、フェロコークスとＣＯ2ガスとの反応速度の増大により熱保存帯温度を低下させることができ、高炉の還元材比を低減することが可能となる。 As a result, when ferro-coke is used in a blast furnace, the generation of powder generated by reaction with CO 2 gas is suppressed, and the increase in pressure loss due to the use of ferro-coke is suppressed, while ferro-coke and CO 2 gas are By increasing the reaction rate, the temperature of the heat preservation zone can be lowered, and the reducing material ratio of the blast furnace can be reduced.
本発明は、炭材と鉄鉱石とからなる成型物を乾留して製造されるフェロコークスであって、炭材が難溶融性炭材と易溶融性炭材とからなり、鉄鉱石が難溶融性炭材の近傍に偏在している構造を有する冶金用フェロコークスである。鉄鉱石が難溶融性炭材の近傍に偏在した状態としては、鉄鉱石が難溶融性炭材の内部に含浸されている状態や、難溶融性炭材表面が鉄鉱石で被覆されている状態とすることが好ましい。鉄鉱石が難溶融性炭材の近傍に偏在していることにより、鉄鉱石の還元により生成する欠陥構造は難溶融性炭材の内部または周辺に発生し、フェロコークス強度を発現させる軟化溶融を示す易溶融性炭材内部には欠陥構造を発生させないフェロコークスとなる。これによりフェロコークス内の鉄鉱石の還元が進行してもフェロコークスの強度低下が抑制可能である。 The present invention is a ferro-coke produced by dry distillation of a molded product composed of a carbon material and iron ore, wherein the carbon material is composed of a hardly fusible carbon material and a readily fusible carbon material, and the iron ore is difficult to melt. It is a ferro-coke for metallurgy having a structure unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the carbonaceous material. State where iron ore is unevenly distributed in the vicinity of hard-to-melt carbonaceous material, iron ore is impregnated inside the hard-to-melt carbonaceous material, or the surface of hard-to-melt carbonaceous material is coated with iron ore It is preferable that Due to the uneven distribution of iron ore in the vicinity of the hardly fusible carbon material, the defect structure generated by the reduction of iron ore occurs inside or around the hardly fusible carbon material, and softening and melting that develops ferro-coke strength is achieved. It becomes ferro-coke which does not generate a defect structure inside the easily meltable carbon material shown. Thereby, even if the reduction | restoration of the iron ore in ferro coke advances, the intensity | strength fall of ferro coke can be suppressed.
なお、難溶融性炭材とは、ギーセラープラストメータで測定される最高流動度（ＭＦ）が２ｄｄｐｍ未満である石炭等の炭材であり、易溶融性炭材とは最高流動度（ＭＦ）が２ｄｄｐｍ以上の難溶融性炭材よりも溶融しやすい石炭等の炭材である。 In addition, a hardly meltable carbon material is a carbon material such as coal having a maximum fluidity (MF) measured by a Gisela plastometer of less than 2 ddpm, and a readily meltable carbon material is a maximum fluidity (MF). Is a coal material such as coal that is easier to melt than a hardly-fusible carbon material of 2 ddpm or more.
図１に石炭と鉄鉱石との成型物を乾留温度７００〜１０００℃で２時間乾留して製造されたフェロコークスの強度と還元率の測定結果を示す。石炭には平均最大反射率が０．７％の微粘炭（石炭１）と、平均最大反射率が１．７％の非粘炭（石炭２）を５０ｍａｓｓ％ずつ配合した配合炭を用いた。石炭１が易溶融性炭材であり、石炭２が難溶融性炭材に相当する。鉄鉱石は粒径１００ミクロン以下に粉砕したカラジャス鉱石を用い、３０ｍａｓｓ％配合とした。鉄鉱石の性状を表１に、石炭の性状を表２に示す。 FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of the strength and reduction rate of ferro-coke produced by carbonizing a molded product of coal and iron ore at a carbonization temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. for 2 hours. For coal, blended coal containing 50% by mass of slightly viscous coal (Coal 1) having an average maximum reflectance of 0.7% and non-coking coal (Coal 2) having an average maximum reflectance of 1.7% was used. . Coal 1 is a readily meltable carbon material, and coal 2 corresponds to a hardly meltable carbon material. The iron ore used was carajas ore that had been pulverized to a particle size of 100 microns or less, and contained 30 mass%. Table 1 shows the properties of iron ore and Table 2 shows the properties of coal.
石炭、鉄鉱石、石炭系軟ピッチ（バインダー）をミキサーで単純に混合し、ロール成型機で成型して成型物を製造した。成型物の大きさは６ｃｃである。乾留温度が７００、８００℃の場合、還元率はそれぞれわずか２０％、４０％である。乾留温度を９００℃以上にすると還元率は急激に上昇し８５％以上となっている。フェロコークス強度は乾留温度が８００℃で極大値を取り、乾留温度が１０００℃ではフェロコークス強度が大幅に低下している。鉱石を含まない石炭のみの乾留では、１３００℃程度までなら乾留温度の上昇とともに強度は上昇する。乾留温度が９００℃以上で鉱石の還元が進行するため、コークス内部に欠陥構造が生成し、強度が低下するものと考えられる。 Coal, iron ore, and coal-based soft pitch (binder) were simply mixed with a mixer and molded with a roll molding machine to produce a molded product. The size of the molded product is 6 cc. When the carbonization temperature is 700 and 800 ° C., the reduction rates are only 20% and 40%, respectively. When the dry distillation temperature is set to 900 ° C. or higher, the reduction rate rapidly increases to 85% or higher. The ferro-coke strength takes a maximum value at a carbonization temperature of 800 ° C., and the ferro-coke strength is greatly reduced at a carbonization temperature of 1000 ° C. In the case of dry distillation using only coal not containing ore, the strength increases as the dry distillation temperature increases up to about 1300 ° C. Since the reduction of the ore proceeds at a carbonization temperature of 900 ° C. or higher, it is considered that a defect structure is generated inside the coke and the strength is lowered.
図２には図１において１０００℃で乾留して製造したフェロコークス内部の偏向顕微鏡写真を示す。黒い部分が気孔あるいは亀裂を表し、白い部分は鉄鉱石が還元された金属鉄１を表す。金属鉄１は数ミクロン程度の石炭微粒子由来のコークス組織と混合された状態で存在している。金属鉄１は周辺のコークス組織とは融着が悪く、金属鉄１周辺に欠陥構造２が見られる。これは、鉄鉱石が炭材と直接還元して炭材が消失したこと、コークス組織の乾留中の収縮および金属鉄１とコークス組織との濡れが悪いことに由来すると推察される。鉄鉱石の還元が進行すると金属鉄１周辺に多くの欠陥が生成し、フェロコークス強度の低下を招くと考えられる。 FIG. 2 shows a deflection micrograph inside ferrocoke produced by dry distillation at 1000 ° C. in FIG. The black portion represents pores or cracks, and the white portion represents metallic iron 1 in which iron ore has been reduced. Metallic iron 1 exists in a state of being mixed with a coke structure derived from fine coal particles of about several microns. The metallic iron 1 is poorly fused with the surrounding coke structure, and the defect structure 2 is seen around the metallic iron 1. This is presumed to be derived from the fact that the iron ore was directly reduced with the carbon material and the carbon material disappeared, that the coke structure was contracted during the carbonization, and the wetness between the metallic iron 1 and the coke structure was poor. It is considered that when the reduction of iron ore proceeds, many defects are generated around the metallic iron 1 and the strength of the ferro-coke is reduced.
そこで、鉄鉱石還元の進行に伴うフェロコークス強度の低下を抑制するために、図３（ｂ）、（ｃ）に示すように難溶融性炭材の近傍に鉄鉱石が偏在したフェロコークスを考えた。鉄鉱石の配合率が５０ｍａｓｓ％以下の場合、成型物を乾留すると成型物同士の融着が起こる恐れが高いため、炭材には易溶融性炭材１１として粘結炭や微粘炭の他に非粘炭を代表とする難溶融性炭材１２を配合する必要があり、通常フェロコークス中の炭材と鉄鉱石（還元鉱石）の配置は図３（ａ）のようになる。フェロコークスの強度向上には、易溶融性炭材１１が寄与し、成型物同士の融着防止には難溶融性炭材１２が寄与する。そこで、鉄鉱石１３を図３（ｂ）に示すように難溶融性炭材１２周辺に配置させるか、または図３（ｃ）に示すように難溶融性炭材１２の内部に配置させれば、鉄鉱石１３の還元に伴う欠陥構造の生成を難溶融性炭材１２周辺あるいは内部にとどめることが可能であり、易溶融性炭材１１には還元に伴う欠陥の発生は起きにくいと考えられる。このように考えると、図３（ｂ）、（ｃ）のフェロコークスでは鉱石の還元に伴うフェロコークスの強度低下は減じられると推察される。 Therefore, in order to suppress the decrease in the strength of ferrocoke accompanying the progress of iron ore reduction, ferrocoke in which iron ore is unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the hardly fusible carbon material as shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c) is considered. It was. When the blending ratio of iron ore is 50 mass% or less, there is a high risk of fusion between the molded products when the molded product is dry-distilled. It is necessary to mix the hardly fusible carbon material 12 typified by non-coking coal, and the arrangement of the carbon material and the iron ore (reduced ore) in the normal ferro-coke is as shown in FIG. The easily meltable carbon material 11 contributes to improving the strength of the ferro-coke, and the hardly meltable carbon material 12 contributes to preventing fusion between the molded products. Therefore, if the iron ore 13 is arranged around the hardly fusible carbon material 12 as shown in FIG. 3 (b), or is arranged inside the hardly fusible carbon material 12 as shown in FIG. 3 (c). In addition, it is possible to limit the generation of the defect structure associated with the reduction of the iron ore 13 around or inside the hardly-meltable carbon material 12, and it is considered that the easily-meltable carbon material 11 is unlikely to generate defects due to the reduction. . If considered in this way, it is presumed that the ferro-coke in FIGS. 3B and 3C reduces the strength reduction of the ferro-coke accompanying the reduction of the ore.
そこで、図１において９００℃で乾留したフェロコークスを「単純混合」の場合のベース条件として、鉄鉱石を難溶融性炭材表面に被覆して、易溶融性炭材と混合した図３（ｂ）の場合のフェロコークスを製造し、「難溶融性炭材に被覆」として、フェロコークス強度と還元率を比較した。図４に「単純混合」と「難溶融性炭材に被覆」のフェロコークス強度と還元率を比較した結果を示す。難溶融性炭材への鉄鉱石の被覆は、難溶融性炭材と鉄鉱石とを高速攪拌型ミキサーで混合し、石炭系軟ピッチを添加してさらに混合した。その後易溶融性炭材と石炭系軟ピッチを添加してさらに混合した。そしてこの混合物を成型して成形物とし、乾留してフェロコークスを製造した。図４によれば、鉱石還元率は２％低下したものの、フェロコークス強度は４ポイント上昇した。 Therefore, as a base condition in the case of “simple mixing”, ferro-coke carbonized at 900 ° C. in FIG. 1 is coated with iron ore on the surface of a hardly fusible carbon material and mixed with the easily fusible carbon material in FIG. ), And the ferro-coke strength and the reduction rate were compared as “coating on a hardly-fusible carbon material”. FIG. 4 shows the result of comparing the ferro-coke strength and the reduction rate of “simple mixing” and “coating with a hardly-fusible carbon material”. The coating of the iron ore on the hardly fusible carbon material was performed by mixing the hardly fusible carbon material and the iron ore with a high-speed agitating mixer, and further adding a coal-based soft pitch. Thereafter, an easily meltable carbon material and a coal-based soft pitch were added and further mixed. And this mixture was shape | molded and it was set as the molded object, and dry-distilled and manufactured the ferro coke. According to FIG. 4, although the ore reduction rate decreased by 2%, the ferrocoke strength increased by 4 points.
次に、図３（ｃ）の場合のフェロコークスを製造した。鉄鉱石を強制的に難溶融性炭材へ含浸させるために、鉄鉱石と難溶融性炭材をボールミルで２０分間混合した。難溶融性炭材は１００ミクロン以下に粉砕されてしまったが、カラジャス鉱石が難溶融性炭材内部に突き刺さった状態となった。これを石炭系軟ピッチとともに易溶融性炭材と混合し、ミキサーで攪拌後、ロール成型して乾留し、「難溶融性炭材に含浸」の場合とした。対照となるベースとしては、鉄鉱石と難溶融性炭材を別々にボールミルで２０分間攪拌したものを石炭系軟ピッチとともに易溶融性炭材と混合し、ロール成型して乾留し、「単純混合」の場合とした。図５に「単純混合」と「難溶融性炭材に含浸」のフェロコークス強度と還元率を比較した結果を示す。還元率はベースに比較して４％低下したものの、フェロコークス強度は８ポイントも上昇した。通常のフェロコークスでは、還元率が４％の違いではフェロコークス強度は２ポイント程度しか変わらないため、鉄鉱石を難溶融性炭材に含浸させる効果は非常に大きいことが分かる。 Next, the ferro coke in the case of FIG. In order to forcibly impregnate the hard-melting carbon material with iron ore, the iron ore and the hard-melting carbon material were mixed in a ball mill for 20 minutes. The hardly fusible carbon material has been pulverized to 100 microns or less, but the carajas ore is stuck into the hardly fusible carbon material. This was mixed with an easily meltable carbon material together with a coal-based soft pitch, stirred with a mixer, roll-molded and dry-distilled, and “impregnated into a hardly meltable carbon material” was used. As a reference base, iron ore and hardly fusible carbon material separately stirred for 20 minutes with a ball mill are mixed with coal-based soft pitch together with fusible coal material, roll-molded and dry-distilled. ". FIG. 5 shows a comparison result of the ferro-coke strength and the reduction rate of “simple mixing” and “impregnated with hardly meltable carbonaceous material”. Although the reduction rate decreased by 4% compared to the base, the ferrocoke strength increased by 8 points. In normal ferro-coke, when the reduction rate is 4%, the ferro-coke strength changes only by about 2 points. Therefore, it can be seen that the effect of impregnating iron ore into a hardly-fusible carbon material is very large.
以上のように、従来の「単純混合」のフェロコークスと比較して、本発明の難溶融性炭材の近傍に鉄鉱石が偏在したフェロコークスは、高強度を有するものである。 As described above, ferro-coke in which iron ore is unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the hardly fusible carbonaceous material of the present invention has higher strength than the conventional “simple mixing” ferro-coke.
１ 金属鉄
２ 欠陥構造
１１ 易溶融性炭材
１２ 難溶融性炭材
１３ 鉄鉱石
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metallic iron 2 Defect structure 11 Highly meltable carbon material 12 Hardly meltable carbon material 13 Iron ore
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