JP2009216637A - Displacement measuring device of dam body - Google Patents

Displacement measuring device of dam body Download PDF

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JP2009216637A
JP2009216637A JP2008062594A JP2008062594A JP2009216637A JP 2009216637 A JP2009216637 A JP 2009216637A JP 2008062594 A JP2008062594 A JP 2008062594A JP 2008062594 A JP2008062594 A JP 2008062594A JP 2009216637 A JP2009216637 A JP 2009216637A
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dam
inclinometer
displacement
dam body
inclination angle
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JP5292864B2 (en
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Tomoaki Oishi
智明 大石
Shinichi Hirano
新一 平野
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Sinfonia Technology Co Ltd
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Sinfonia Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a displacement measuring device for a dam body, capable of measuring a displacement of a dam body with high accuracy at low cost. <P>SOLUTION: A measured inclination angle of an inclinometer 21 of the displacement measuring device for a dam body and a measured temperature at a periphery of the inclinometer 21 are stored in a storage section 25. A control section 27 corrects the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer 21 in accordance with the measured temperature and computes a displacement amount of the dam body around the inclinometer 21 in accordance with the corrected inclination angle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、ダム堤体の変位（ひずみ）を計測するダム堤体の変位計測装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a dam dam body displacement measuring apparatus for measuring the displacement (strain) of a dam dam body.

一般に、ダムの堤体は貯水を堰き止めるものであり、ダムの貯水量により変形する。ダム堤体の変形量が急激に増えた場合、或いは、一時的に貯水量が増えたときに変形し、その後貯水量が元に戻っても変形量が減少しない場合などは、ダム堤体が異常な状態にある。このような状態になっていないかについて把握する必要がある。そのため、ダム堤体の変位を計測し、事前にダム堤体の異常を検出する方法がとられている。
従来において、ダムの堤体の変位を計測する手段として、プラムライン装置がある（特許文献１参照）。
図１０はプラムライン装置３０１の概略構成図である。ダム堤体３１０は貯水３２０を堰き止める。ダム堤体３０１の内部には、竪穴３３０が掘られ、その竪穴３３０には上方からライン３４０が垂下される。竪穴３３０には少なくとも一つ以上の計測室３５１、３５２が設けられ、計測器が固定設置される。計測室３５１、３５２に設置された計測器は、自身とライン３４０との距離を測定する。それぞれの計測器とラインとの距離の変化から、ダム堤体３１０の変位を計測する手段がプラムライン装置３０１である。 In general, the dam body blocks the water reservoir and deforms depending on the amount of water stored in the dam. When the amount of deformation of the dam body increases rapidly, or when the amount of water storage temporarily increases and then the amount of deformation does not decrease even if the amount of water storage returns to the original state, It is in an abnormal state. It is necessary to grasp whether this is the case. Therefore, a method has been adopted in which the displacement of the dam body is measured and an abnormality of the dam body is detected in advance.
Conventionally, there is a plum line device as a means for measuring the displacement of a dam body (see Patent Document 1).
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of the plum line device 301. The dam body 310 dams the water storage 320. Inside the dam dam body 301, a pit hole 330 is dug, and a line 340 is suspended in the pit hole 330 from above. At least one measurement chamber 351, 352 is provided in the coffin hole 330, and a measuring instrument is fixedly installed. Measuring instruments installed in the measurement chambers 351 and 352 measure the distance between the measuring instrument 351 and the line 340. A means for measuring the displacement of the dam dam body 310 from the change in the distance between each measuring instrument and the line is a plum line device 301.

特開平１０−１０２９６７号公報JP-A-10-102967

しかしながら、プラムライン装置では、ダム堤体に測定用の竪穴を掘らなければならず、コストが高くなるという問題がある。例えば、ダム堤体の高さは、何十メートルから大きいもので何百メートルとなり、竪穴も相当の深さを掘る必要があり、システムも非常に大きく、可搬性がない。
また、変位を計測する計測器を設置する計測室も、ダム建設時に建設される必要があり、計測室以外の他の地点では変位を計測することができないという問題がある。 However, in the plum line device, there is a problem that a measurement pit must be dug in the dam dam body, which increases the cost. For example, the height of the dam body is several tens of meters to hundreds of meters, and the pit must dig a considerable depth. The system is very large and not portable.
In addition, a measurement room in which a measuring instrument for measuring displacement needs to be constructed at the time of dam construction, and there is a problem that displacement cannot be measured at other points other than the measurement room.

本発明は、以上の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、コンパクトで可搬性のある傾斜計を用いて、ダム堤体の変位を正確に、かつ、低コストに測定することができるダム堤体の変位計測装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can use a compact and portable inclinometer to accurately measure the displacement of the dam dam body at a low cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a displacement measuring apparatus.

上述した目的を達成するために本発明は、ダム堤体の変位を計測するダム堤体の変位計測装置であって、前記ダム堤体の内部の基準位置に設けられ、前記ダム堤体が変形した際、前記基準位置からの傾斜角度を測定する傾斜計と、前記基準位置の位置と、前記傾斜計に測定された傾斜角度とを用いて、前記傾斜計周辺のダム堤体の変位を算出する変位算出手段とを具備する。
これにより、傾斜計にて傾斜量を検出し、この検出結果である傾斜量から変位を算出するようにしたので、傾斜量がわかれば、ダムの変位を算出することができるようになり、これにより、コンパクトで可搬性のある傾斜計を用いて、ダム堤体の変位を低コストに測定することができる。
ここで、変位の計算は、例えば、基準位置からダム堤体の基礎岩盤面までの垂直距離をｒ、傾斜計が測定した傾斜角度をθとすると、前記変位算出手段は、傾斜計付近のダム堤体の変位量Ｄを
Ｄ＝（ｒ・sin θ）・ cos θ
として算出することができる。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a dam dam body displacement measuring device for measuring the displacement of a dam dam body, provided at a reference position inside the dam dam body, wherein the dam dam body is deformed. The displacement of the dam dam body around the inclinometer is calculated using the inclinometer that measures the inclination angle from the reference position, the position of the reference position, and the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer. Displacement calculating means.
As a result, the amount of inclination is detected by an inclinometer, and the displacement is calculated from the amount of inclination that is the detection result.If the amount of inclination is known, the displacement of the dam can be calculated. Therefore, the displacement of the dam dam body can be measured at a low cost by using a compact and portable inclinometer.
Here, the displacement is calculated by, for example, assuming that the vertical distance from the reference position to the foundation rock surface of the dam body is r and the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer is θ, the displacement calculating means The displacement D of the dam body is D = (r · sin θ) · cos θ
Can be calculated as

また、本発明は、水平維持手段を更に具備し、前記基準位置に前記傾斜計を水平に設置することが可能である。
また、本発明は、前記傾斜計付近の温度を測定する温度計と、前記温度計により測定した温度を基に、前記傾斜計が測定した傾斜角を補正する温度補正手段と、を更に具備する。 In addition, the present invention can further include level maintaining means, and the inclinometer can be installed horizontally at the reference position.
The present invention further includes a thermometer that measures the temperature in the vicinity of the inclinometer, and a temperature correction unit that corrects the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer based on the temperature measured by the thermometer. .

本発明によれば、ダム堤体内部に設けられた空間の各所において、正確なダム堤体の変位量を計測することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the displacement amount of a dam dam body can be measured correctly in various places of the space provided in the dam dam body.

以下、添付図面を参照しながら、本発明に係るダム堤体の変位計測装置の実施形態について説明する。なお、実施の形態において同じ符号を付した構成要素は、同様の機能を有し、同様の動作を行うものとして、再度の説明を省略する場合がある。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a displacement measuring device for a dam dam body according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the component which attached | subjected the same code | symbol in embodiment may have the same function, and abbreviate | omits description again as what performs the same operation | movement.

図１は、本実施の形熊におけるダム堤体の変位計測装置による変位計測の説明図である。図２は、ダム堤体の変位計測装置の概略ブロック構成図である。
図１に示すように、ダム堤体３は川などの貯水５を堰き止める。通常、ダム堤体３の内部には、ダムの運転を管理する管理制御室、漏水等を監視する監視室、エレベータ用の竪穴及びエレベータ乗降口を含むエレベータ室、それらを結ぶダム内通路等が設けられる。ここでは、図１に示すダム内通路１１−１に変位計測装置の傾斜計２１−１が設けられた場合を例に説明する。例えば、初期位置（基準位置）２１−１ａに設置された傾斜計２１−１の決められた位置から垂直下方に伸ばした軸ｌ１を考え、軸ｌ１と基礎地盤面７との交点を仮想固定点Ｐｘとする。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of displacement measurement by a dam dam body displacement measuring apparatus in the present embodiment of the bear. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the dam dam body displacement measuring apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dam body 3 dams a reservoir 5 such as a river. Usually, inside the dam body 3, there is a management control room for managing the operation of the dam, a monitoring room for monitoring leakage, etc., an elevator room including an elevator pit and an elevator entrance, and a passage in the dam connecting them. Provided. Here, a case where an inclinometer 21-1 of a displacement measuring device is provided in the in-dam passage 11-1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described as an example. For example, considering an axis 11 extending vertically downward from a predetermined position of an inclinometer 21-1 installed at an initial position (reference position) 21-1a, an intersection of the axis 11 and the foundation ground surface 7 is a virtual fixed point. Let Px.

ここで、ダムの貯水５が増水し、ダム堤体３が変形し、ダム内通路１１−１がダム内通路１１−２に移動し、傾斜計２１−１が、位置２１−１ａから位置２１−１ｂの位置に移動したとする。このとき、傾斜計２１−１が計測した傾斜角度は、仮想固定点Ｐｘを中心に軸ｌ１から軸ｌ２への回転移動角θｘと等しい。こうして、傾斜計２１−１により計測された傾斜角θｘから変位量Ｄｘ、即ちダム堤体３のｘ方向の変位量が求められる。ここで、ｘ方向は、ダム（川）の上下流方向を示し、ｙ方向はダム（川）の幅方向を示す。ｙ方向の変位量に関しても同様に求められ、両者の変位量をダム堤体３の変位とするものである。変位の算出方法については後に詳細に説明する。   Here, the reservoir 5 of the dam is increased, the dam body 3 is deformed, the in-dam passage 11-1 is moved to the in-dam passage 11-2, and the inclinometer 21-1 is moved from the position 21-1a to the position 21. Suppose that it moved to the position of -1b. At this time, the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer 21-1 is equal to the rotational movement angle θx from the axis l1 to the axis l2 around the virtual fixed point Px. Thus, the displacement amount Dx, that is, the displacement amount in the x direction of the dam body 3 is obtained from the inclination angle θx measured by the inclinometer 21-1. Here, the x direction indicates the upstream / downstream direction of the dam (river), and the y direction indicates the width direction of the dam (river). The amount of displacement in the y direction is obtained in the same manner, and the amount of displacement of both is taken as the displacement of the dam body 3. A method for calculating the displacement will be described in detail later.

図２に示すように、ダム堤体３の変位計測装置は、傾斜計２１、温度計２３、記憶部２５、制御部２７、報知部２９等から構成される。傾斜計２１は、前述のように、水平面に対する傾斜角を求める装置である。温度計２３は、傾斜計２１の周囲の温度を測定する。例えば、傾斜計２１は、油中に振り子を配した構成を有し、油の温度（周囲の温度）が出力値に影響を及ぼすため、温度によって出力値を補正する必要がある。この補正処理については後に説明する。傾斜計２１、温度計２３は、予め決められた時間ごとに傾斜角と温度とを測定する。
記憶部２５は、傾斜計２１及び温度計２３によって計測された傾斜角や温度を記憶する。尚、傾斜計２１と記憶部２５とが一体となっていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the displacement measuring device for the dam dam body 3 includes an inclinometer 21, a thermometer 23, a storage unit 25, a control unit 27, a notification unit 29, and the like. As described above, the inclinometer 21 is a device that determines an inclination angle with respect to a horizontal plane. The thermometer 23 measures the temperature around the inclinometer 21. For example, the inclinometer 21 has a configuration in which a pendulum is disposed in oil, and since the temperature of the oil (ambient temperature) affects the output value, the output value needs to be corrected by the temperature. This correction process will be described later. The inclinometer 21 and the thermometer 23 measure the inclination angle and temperature at predetermined time intervals.
The storage unit 25 stores the inclination angle and temperature measured by the inclinometer 21 and the thermometer 23. The inclinometer 21 and the storage unit 25 may be integrated.

制御部２７は、傾斜計２１や温度計２３からの出力から正しい傾斜角度を算出し、ダム堤体３の変位を計算する。後述する温度による傾斜計２１の補正も制御部２７が行う。即ち、制御部２７は、変位算出手段であり、温度補正手段である。制御部２７は、例えば、ダム堤体３に設けられたダム管理室に設置されたコンピュータであってもよい。報知部２９は、音、光等を出力することによって周囲に異常等を報知するものである。制御部２７はダム堤体３の変位の計算値が異常である場合は、報知部２９に通知し、報知部２９はダム堤体３の変位に異常があることを音や光などを出力することにより報知する。   The control unit 27 calculates a correct inclination angle from the outputs from the inclinometer 21 and the thermometer 23 and calculates the displacement of the dam body 3. The control unit 27 also performs correction of the inclinometer 21 with the temperature described later. That is, the control unit 27 is a displacement calculation unit and a temperature correction unit. The control unit 27 may be, for example, a computer installed in a dam management room provided in the dam bank 3. The alerting | reporting part 29 alert | reports abnormality etc. to the circumference | surroundings by outputting a sound, light, etc. When the calculated value of the displacement of the dam body 3 is abnormal, the control unit 27 notifies the notification unit 29, and the notification unit 29 outputs sound, light, or the like that the displacement of the dam body 3 is abnormal. This is notified.

次に、ダム堤体の変位計測装置による変位の計測、算出方法について説明する。
図３は、図２に示す測定部２０の設置の一例を示す正面図であり、図４は、測定部２０の設置の一例を示す上面図である。
固定板３１上に設けられた測定用ボックス３０内には、傾斜計２１−１、２１−２が固定板３１に固定設置され、温度計２３が設置される。固定板３１は、高さ調整ねじ３３−１、３３−２、３３−３、３３−４によって支持され、例えば、ダム内通路１１に設置される。 Next, the displacement measurement and calculation method by the dam dam body displacement measuring device will be described.
FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating an example of installation of the measurement unit 20 illustrated in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating an example of installation of the measurement unit 20.
Inclination meters 21-1 and 21-2 are fixedly installed on the fixed plate 31 and a thermometer 23 is installed in the measurement box 30 provided on the fixed plate 31. The fixing plate 31 is supported by the height adjusting screws 33-1, 33-2, 33-3, 33-4, and is installed in the dam passage 11, for example.

図５は、高さ調整ねじ３３の高さ調節機能を説明する図である。図５に示すように、変位計測装置を設置する設置面６１が水平でない場合、高さ調整ねじ３３−１、３３−２、３３−３、３３−４の長さを調整することによって、固定板３１を水平に調整し、測定ボックス３０内の傾斜計２１−１、２１−２は常に水平に設置される。   FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the height adjustment function of the height adjustment screw 33. As shown in FIG. 5, when the installation surface 61 on which the displacement measuring device is installed is not horizontal, it is fixed by adjusting the lengths of the height adjusting screws 33-1, 33-2, 33-3, 33-4. The plate 31 is adjusted horizontally, and the inclinometers 21-1 and 21-2 in the measurement box 30 are always installed horizontally.

図４に示すように、傾斜計２１−１はダム堤体３のダム(川)の上下流方向の変位量Ｄｘを計測するために、傾斜計２１−２はダム堤体３のダム(川)幅方向の変位Ｄｙを計測するために設置される。以下、傾斜計２１−１による変位量Ｄｘの計測を例に説明する。   As shown in FIG. 4, the inclinometer 21-1 measures the displacement Dx in the upstream and downstream direction of the dam (river) of the dam body 3, and the inclinometer 21-2 ) Installed to measure the displacement Dy in the width direction. Hereinafter, measurement of the displacement amount Dx by the inclinometer 21-1 will be described as an example.

図６は、傾斜計２１−１の移動を示す図であり、図７は、傾斜計２１−１の回転移動量とダム堤体３の変位量Ｄｘとの関係を示す図である。
図６に示すように、ダム堤体３が変形したことによって、傾斜計２１−１が初期位置２１−１ａから位置２１−１ｂまで回転移動したとする。いま、初期位置２１−１ａの傾斜計２１−１の重心Ｇａから垂直下方に伸ばした軸ｌ１を考え、軸ｌ１と基礎地盤面７との交点を仮想固定点Ｐｘとする。また、傾斜計２１−１が位置２１−１ａから位置２１−１ｂに移動したときの、傾斜計２１−１の重心Ｇｂと仮想固定点Ｐｘとを通る軸をｌ２とする。傾斜計２１−１は、あらかじめ決められた時間ごとに傾斜角を測定する。位置２１−１ｂにある傾斜計２１−１が測定した傾斜角θｘは、軸ｌ１と軸ｌ２とがなす角、即ち、回転移動角に等しい。 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the movement of the inclinometer 21-1, and FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the rotational movement amount of the inclinometer 21-1 and the displacement amount Dx of the dam dam body 3.
As shown in FIG. 6, it is assumed that the inclinometer 21-1 is rotationally moved from the initial position 21-1a to the position 21-1b due to the deformation of the dam dam body 3. Now, considering the axis l1 extending vertically downward from the center of gravity Ga of the inclinometer 21-1 at the initial position 21-1a, the intersection of the axis l1 and the foundation ground surface 7 is defined as a virtual fixed point Px. Further, the axis passing through the center of gravity Gb of the inclinometer 21-1 and the virtual fixed point Px when the inclinometer 21-1 moves from the position 21-1a to the position 21-1b is defined as l2. The inclinometer 21-1 measures an inclination angle at predetermined time intervals. The inclination angle θx measured by the inclinometer 21-1 at the position 21-1b is equal to the angle formed by the axis l1 and the axis l2, that is, the rotational movement angle.

従って、図７に示すように、傾斜計２１−１の周囲のダム堤体３の変位量Ｄｘは、傾斜計２１−１より測定された傾斜角θｘ、初期位置２１−１ａの傾斜計２１−１から基礎地盤面７までの垂直距離ｒを用いて次式で表される。
Ｄｘ ＝ （ｒ・sin θｘ）・ cos θｘ …（１）
この変位量Ｄｘの算出は、傾斜計２１−１と温度計２３が測定を行うたびに、変位計測装置の制御部２７によって行われる。
ここでは、ｒを傾斜計２１−１の重心から仮想固定点までの距離としたが、傾斜計下面から仮想固定点の距離としてもよい。
ダム幅方向の変位量Ｄｙについても同様に求めることができる。 Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7, the displacement amount Dx of the dam body 3 around the inclinometer 21-1 is the inclination angle θx measured by the inclinometer 21-1, and the inclinometer 21- at the initial position 21-1a. The vertical distance r from 1 to the foundation ground surface 7 is expressed by the following equation.
Dx = (r · sin θx) · cos θx (1)
The displacement amount Dx is calculated by the control unit 27 of the displacement measuring device every time the inclinometer 21-1 and the thermometer 23 perform measurement.
Here, r is the distance from the center of gravity of the inclinometer 21-1 to the virtual fixed point, but may be the distance from the lower surface of the inclinometer to the virtual fixed point.
The displacement amount Dy in the dam width direction can be obtained similarly.

次に、傾斜計２１−１、２１−２の出力に対する補正について説明する。傾斜計２１−１、２１−２には個体固有の出力値の誤差があるため、本実施の形態ではその出力値の誤差を補正することが可能である。また、傾斜計２１−１、２１−２の出力は、その周囲温度によって変化するため、本実施の形態では、温度を考慮した出力補正も可能である。   Next, correction for the outputs of the inclinometers 21-1 and 21-2 will be described. Since the inclinometers 21-1 and 21-2 have an error in the output value unique to the individual, the error in the output value can be corrected in the present embodiment. In addition, since the outputs of the inclinometers 21-1 and 21-2 vary depending on the ambient temperature, output correction in consideration of temperature is possible in the present embodiment.

ここでは、傾斜計２１−１、２１−２は傾斜角を電圧として出力する傾斜計であるとする。例えば、温度の影響がない場合は傾斜計の出力電圧Ｖ［Ｖ］は次式で表される。
Ｖ ＝ Ｋ × sin θ …（２）
ここで、Ｋは係数、θは傾斜角であり、例えばθｘ或いはθｙである。
そして、傾斜計２１の個体差の補正、温度による補正を行った後の補正出力電圧Ｖｈ［Ｖ］は次式で表される。
Ｖｈ ＝ Ｇ（Ｔ） × Ｋ × sin θ × Ｚ（Ｔ） …（３）
ここで、Ｔは温度計２３によって測定された傾斜計２１の周囲温度、Ｇ（Ｔ）は温度補正係数、Ｚ（Ｔ）は個体差による補正係数（以下、オフセット補正電圧とする）である。 Here, it is assumed that the inclinometers 21-1 and 21-2 are inclinometers that output an inclination angle as a voltage. For example, when there is no influence of temperature, the output voltage V [V] of the inclinometer is expressed by the following equation.
V = K × sin θ (2)
Here, K is a coefficient and θ is an inclination angle, for example, θx or θy.
The corrected output voltage Vh [V] after correction of individual differences of the inclinometer 21 and correction by temperature is expressed by the following equation.
Vh = G (T) × K × sin θ × Z (T) (3)
Here, T is the ambient temperature of the inclinometer 21 measured by the thermometer 23, G (T) is a temperature correction coefficient, and Z (T) is a correction coefficient due to individual differences (hereinafter referred to as an offset correction voltage).

温度補正係数Ｇ（Ｔ）、オフセット補正電圧Ｚ（Ｔ）を求めるために、予め、傾斜計の決められた温度での決められた角度の出力を測定する。
図８は、角度と温度による傾斜計２１の出力電圧値の一例を示す表である。ここで、傾斜計２１は、傾斜角度「−１（度）」から「１（度）」を出力電圧「−５．０（Ｖ）」から「５．０（Ｖ）」の範囲に対応させて出力するように規定されているとする。理想的には、傾斜角度が「０（度）」の場合、どの温度でも「０（Ｖ）」を出力するのだが、実際の傾斜計２１には個体差や周囲温度による誤差がある。 In order to obtain the temperature correction coefficient G (T) and the offset correction voltage Z (T), the output of the determined angle at the determined temperature of the inclinometer is measured in advance.
FIG. 8 is a table showing an example of the output voltage value of the inclinometer 21 according to angle and temperature. Here, the inclinometer 21 corresponds the inclination angle “−1 (degree)” to “1 (degree)” to the range of the output voltage “−5.0 (V)” to “5.0 (V)”. Are specified to output. Ideally, when the tilt angle is “0 (degrees)”, “0 (V)” is output at any temperature, but the actual inclinometer 21 has errors due to individual differences and ambient temperature.

図８に示すように、傾斜計２１の出力電圧は、温度「０℃」のときに「−０．０３９（Ｖ）」、温度「１５℃」のときに「−０．０２５（Ｖ）」、…と変化する。そこで、傾斜角度「０（度）」の場合の測定した温度と傾斜計２１の出力電圧とを測定点としてプロットする。図９が、測定点をプロットして得られた近似カーブ６１を示す図である。図９に示すカーブ６１から近似式を求め、測定点以外の温度Ｔにおける出力電圧の逆数を、（３）式のオフセット補正電圧Ｚ（Ｔ）として加算する。   As shown in FIG. 8, the output voltage of the inclinometer 21 is “−0.039 (V)” when the temperature is “0 ° C.”, and “−0.025 (V)” when the temperature is “15 ° C.”. , ... changes. Therefore, the measured temperature and the output voltage of the inclinometer 21 when the tilt angle is “0 (degrees)” are plotted as measurement points. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an approximate curve 61 obtained by plotting measurement points. An approximate expression is obtained from the curve 61 shown in FIG. 9, and the reciprocal of the output voltage at the temperature T other than the measurement point is added as the offset correction voltage Z (T) in the expression (3).

次に、温度補正係数Ｇ（Ｔ）の算出について説明する。
理想的には、傾斜計２１の出力は、どの温度であっても、傾斜角度が「１（度）」のときの出力電圧は「５．０（Ｖ）」、傾斜角度が「−１（度）」のときの出力電圧は「−５．０（Ｖ）」であるが、実際の傾斜計２１の出力電圧は、図８に示すように温度によって変化する。そこで、本実施の形態では、角度が「−１（度）」から「０（度）」までの出力電圧の傾きと、角度が「０（度）」から「１（度）」までの出力電圧の傾きとの平均を求めて、その逆数を温度Ｔにおける温度補正係数Ｇ（Ｔ）として、（３）式に示すように実際の傾斜計の出力電圧に乗算する。 Next, calculation of the temperature correction coefficient G (T) will be described.
Ideally, the output of the inclinometer 21 is “5.0 (V)” when the tilt angle is “1 (degree)”, and the tilt angle is “−1” at any temperature. The output voltage at “degree)” is “−5.0 (V)”, but the actual output voltage of the inclinometer 21 varies depending on the temperature as shown in FIG. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the output voltage gradient from the angle “−1 (degree)” to “0 (degree)” and the output from the angle “0 (degree)” to “1 (degree)” are shown. The average of the slope of the voltage is obtained, and the reciprocal thereof is multiplied by the actual output voltage of the inclinometer as shown in the equation (3) as the temperature correction coefficient G (T) at the temperature T.

尚、（３）式を基にした、傾斜計２１の出力補正処理は、制御部２７によって行われる。
以上説明したように、本実施の形態では、傾斜計２１の個体差による補正、温度による補正を出力に施すことが可能であり、正確な傾斜角、即ち、正確なダム堤体の変位量を求めることが可能である。 The output correction process of the inclinometer 21 based on the expression (3) is performed by the control unit 27.
As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to perform correction based on the individual difference of the inclinometer 21 and correction based on the temperature on the output, so that an accurate inclination angle, that is, an accurate displacement amount of the dam body can be obtained. It is possible to ask.

尚、本実施の形態では、傾斜計２１を設置した場所は１箇所として説明したが、複数個所に設置可能である。
また、本測定部２０（記憶部２５を含めた場合でも）はコンパクトに設計可能であり、運搬移動可能であり、従来のプラムライン装置に比べて、低コストである。
また、高さ調節機能（水平維持機能）を有するため、ダム堤体３内に設けられた空間内のどこでも設置可能であり、補正機能を有するため、どの場所でも正確な傾斜角を測定することが可能である。 In the present embodiment, the inclinometer 21 is installed as one place, but can be installed at a plurality of places.
Further, the main measurement unit 20 (even when the storage unit 25 is included) can be designed compactly, can be transported and moved, and is less expensive than the conventional plum line device.
In addition, since it has a height adjustment function (horizontal maintenance function), it can be installed anywhere in the space provided in the dam dam body 3, and since it has a correction function, an accurate inclination angle can be measured anywhere. Is possible.

本発明は、以上の実施の形態に限定されることなく、種々の変更が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に包含されるものであることは言うまでもない。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible, and it goes without saying that these are also included in the scope of the present invention.

以上のように、本発明に係るダム堤体の変位計測装置は、ダム堤体内に設けられた空間の各所に設置可能であり、設置箇所付近のダム堤体の変位量を正確に求める手段として有用である。   As described above, the displacement measuring device for a dam dam body according to the present invention can be installed in various places in the space provided in the dam dam body, and as a means for accurately obtaining the displacement amount of the dam dam body in the vicinity of the installation location. Useful.

ダム堤体の変位計測装置による変位計測の説明図Illustration of displacement measurement by a dam dam body displacement measuring device ダム堤体の変位計測装置の概略ブロック図Schematic block diagram of dam dam body displacement measuring device 測定部２０の設置の一例を示す正面図Front view showing an example of installation of the measurement unit 20 測定部２０の設置の一例を示す上面図Top view showing an example of installation of the measurement unit 20 高さ調節機能を説明するための図Diagram for explaining height adjustment function ダム堤体の変位Ｄｘと傾斜計の回転移動θを示す図The figure which shows the displacement Dx of the dam body and the rotational movement θ of the inclinometer ダム堤体の変位Ｄｘと傾斜計の回転移動θの関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the displacement Dx of the dam bank and the rotational movement θ of the inclinometer 各角度、各温度における傾斜計の出力電圧の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the output voltage of the inclinometer at each angle and each temperature 傾斜角「０度」における各温度の出力電圧の近似カーブを示す図The figure which shows the approximate curve of the output voltage of each temperature in inclination | tilt angle "0 degree" 従来のプラムライン装置による変位計測を説明するための図Diagram for explaining displacement measurement by a conventional plum line device

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

３…ダム堤体
５…貯水
１１−１、１１−２…ダム内通路
２１、２１−１、２１−２…傾斜計
２３…温度計
２５…記憶部
２７…制御部
２９…報知部
３１…固定板
３３、３３−１、３３−２、３３−３、３３−４…高さ調節ねじ 3. Dam body 5 ... Water storage 11-1, 11-2 ... Dam passage 21, 21-1, 21-2 ... Inclinometer 23 ... Thermometer 25 ... Storage unit 27 ... Control unit 29 ... Notification unit 31 ... Fixed Plate 33, 33-1, 33-2, 33-3, 33-4 ... Height adjusting screw

Claims (4)

ダム堤体の変位を計測するダム堤体の変位計測装置であって、
前記ダム堤体の内部の基準位置に設けられ、前記ダム堤体が変形した際、前記基準位置からの傾斜角度を測定する傾斜計と、
前記基準位置の位置と、前記傾斜計に測定された傾斜角度とを用いて、前記傾斜計周辺のダム堤体の変位を算出する変位算出手段と、
を具備することを特徴とするダム堤体の変位計測装置。 A dam embankment displacement measuring device for measuring the displacement of a dam embankment,
An inclinometer that is provided at a reference position inside the dam dam body and measures an inclination angle from the reference position when the dam dam body is deformed;
Displacement calculating means for calculating the displacement of the dam dam body around the inclinometer using the position of the reference position and the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer,
A dam dam body displacement measuring device comprising: 前記基準位置から前記ダム堤体の基礎岩盤面までの垂直距離をｒ、前記傾斜計が測定した傾斜角度をθとすると、
前記変位算出手段は、変位量Ｄを
Ｄ＝（ｒ・sin θ）・ cos θ
として算出することを特徴とする請求項１記載のダム堤体の変位計測装置。 When the vertical distance from the reference position to the foundation rock surface of the dam dam body is r, and the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer is θ,
The displacement calculating means sets the displacement amount D to D = (r · sin θ) · cos θ
The dam dam body displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 水平維持手段を更に具備し、
前記水平維持手段は、前記基準位置に前記傾斜計を水平に設置することを特徴とする請求項１記載のダム堤体の変位計測装置。 Further comprising leveling means,
2. The displacement measuring device for a dam levee according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal maintaining means horizontally installs the inclinometer at the reference position. 前記傾斜計付近の温度を測定する温度計と、
前記温度計により測定した温度を基に、前記傾斜計が測定した傾斜角を補正する温度補正手段と、
を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３のいずれかに記載されたダム堤体の変位計測装置。 A thermometer for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the inclinometer;
Based on the temperature measured by the thermometer, temperature correction means for correcting the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer,
The displacement measuring device for a dam body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
JP2008062594A 2008-03-12 2008-03-12 Displacement measuring device for dam body Expired - Fee Related JP5292864B2 (en)

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