CN116878708B - Correction calculation method for monitoring concrete support axial force through strain gauge - Google Patents
Correction calculation method for monitoring concrete support axial force through strain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN116878708B CN116878708B CN202310843556.6A CN202310843556A CN116878708B CN 116878708 B CN116878708 B CN 116878708B CN 202310843556 A CN202310843556 A CN 202310843556A CN 116878708 B CN116878708 B CN 116878708B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a correction calculation method for monitoring the axial force of a concrete support through strain gauges, which comprises the following steps of S1, installing a plurality of strain gauges I at the bottom of a detection object, and monitoring the stress change and the temperature change of a support through the strain gauges I; s2, manufacturing a support piece comparison piece, burying a plurality of strain gauges II corresponding to the strain gauges I in the support piece comparison piece, wherein the strain gauges II are used for detecting stress changes and temperature changes in the support piece comparison piece; s3, measuring the internal initial frequency and the initial temperature of all the supporting pieces and the supporting piece comparison pieces simultaneously; s4, measuring the current frequency and the current temperature of the supporting piece and the supporting piece comparison piece at the same time; and S5, calculating the axial force by using the values measured in the steps S3 and S4. The mode that adopts to set up the strainometer in support piece and support piece comparison piece corresponds forms the contrast group, measures the contrast data of frequency and temperature, adopts contrast data to calculate the axial force again, has improved the precision that detects greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building monitoring, in particular to a correction calculation method for monitoring concrete support axial force through strain gauges.
Background
Along with the increase of the depth of the foundation pit, the horizontal pressure of the soil retaining structure can be correspondingly increased, so that the support is required to bear the horizontal load of the foundation pit, the stability of the foundation pit is ensured, the current support form is mainly divided into a reinforced concrete support and a steel support, and for the support structure, the monitoring of the stability of the structure is very important, so that the support axial force is an important index in each monitoring of the foundation pit.
At present, the research on the monitoring of the supporting shaft force is concentrated on the change of the mounting position of the sensor or the correction of the shaft force value, but the stress of the shaft force in the concrete is complex and difficult to analyze. The sensor can be embedded in the support piece, can also be installed on the support surface to measure the strain value, and can calculate the support axial force. But is influenced by factors such as temperature, concrete shrinkage, elastic modulus and the like, the monitoring value of the current reinforced concrete support is far greater than the measured value
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a correction calculation method for monitoring the axial force of a concrete support through a strain gauge aiming at the problems existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a correction calculation method for monitoring the axial force of a concrete support through strain gauges comprises the following steps of S1, installing a plurality of strain gauges I at the bottom of a detection object, and monitoring the stress change and the temperature change of a support through the strain gauges I; s2, manufacturing a support piece comparison piece, and burying a plurality of second strain gauges in the support piece comparison piece at positions corresponding to the first strain gauges, wherein the second strain gauges are used for detecting stress changes and temperature changes in the support piece comparison piece; s3, measuring the internal initial frequency and the initial temperature of all the supporting pieces and the supporting piece comparison pieces simultaneously; s4, measuring the current frequency and the current temperature of the supporting piece and the supporting piece comparison piece at the same time; and S5, calculating the axial force by using the values measured in the step S3 and the step S4.
Further, the first strain gauge is disposed at the end of the supporting element in the step S1, and the second strain gauge is disposed at the end of the supporting element comparing element in the step S2.
Further, the initial values in the step S3 and the step S4 are determined by continuously measuring the average value of the stable data for a plurality of days.
Further, the step S5 includes: step S51, calculating the current initial strain of the support; step S52, calculating the measured value change generated by the temperature of the support piece comparison piece and the shrinkage of the concrete; step S53, calculating the axial force and correcting the calculation result.
Further, the calculation formula of step S51 is:
wherein k is am A is the calibration coefficient of the sensor, a m0 The initial frequency, m, is the serial number of the sensor, and n is the detection times.
Further, the calculation formula of step S52 is:
wherein k is cm The calibration coefficient of the sensor is that m is the serial number of the sensor and n is the detection times.
Further, the calculation formula of step S53 is:
ε n repair ＝ε n is as early as -Δε n -(α s1 -α s2 )*(ΔΤ bn -ΔΤ dn ) (3)，
Wherein alpha is s1 For the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete, the coefficient can be measured, alpha s2 The expansion coefficient of the steel wire inside the strain sensor is given by the manufacturer, or 1.2 x 10 < -5 >/DEG C, delta T can be directly taken bn Temperature sensor provided for one inner part of strain gauge in support member and having average value of current temperature change, delta T dn The average value of the current temperature change of the temperature sensor arranged in the strain gauge II in the comparison part is obtained.
Further, the said
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the correction calculation method for monitoring the concrete support axial force through the strain gauge, the support piece comparison piece is manufactured simultaneously when the support piece is manufactured, the strain gauge is correspondingly arranged in the support piece and the support piece comparison piece to form the comparison group, the comparison data of frequency and temperature are measured, and the axial force is calculated through the comparison data, so that the detection accuracy is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating correction of concrete support shaft force monitored by strain gauges in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
The shrinkage of concrete is great to the building influence, and the accuracy of adopting the direct test of sensing piece is not high, often appears the false alarm. Therefore, the support piece is compared with the reinforced concrete member, and the detection result is corrected by detecting the index of the comparison piece.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for correcting and calculating the axial force of a concrete support monitored by strain gauges provided by the invention comprises the following steps that step S1, a plurality of strain gauges I are installed at the bottom of a detection object, and the stress change and the temperature change of a support are monitored by the strain gauges I; s2, manufacturing a support piece comparison piece, and burying a plurality of second strain gauges in the support piece comparison piece at positions corresponding to the first strain gauges, wherein the second strain gauges are used for detecting stress changes and temperature changes in the support piece comparison piece; s3, measuring the internal initial frequency and the initial temperature of all the supporting pieces and the supporting piece comparison pieces simultaneously; s4, measuring the current frequency and the current temperature of the supporting piece and the supporting piece comparison piece at the same time; and S5, calculating the axial force by using the values measured in the step S3 and the step S4.
In step S1, a plurality of support members are first manufactured, for convenience of description, hereinafter referred to as support members, the number and size of the support members are adjusted according to actual needs, after the support members are manufactured, strain gauges are mounted on the end portions of the support members, the number of the strain gauges can be adjusted according to actual needs, and in this embodiment, four strain gauges are mounted in each support member. The strain gauge has the function of measuring frequency and temperature.
In step S2, at least one support member comparison member is manufactured for the same batch of support members by adopting the same material, and concrete shrinkage is mainly influenced by factors such as water cement ratio, cement property, aggregate, environment, maintenance and the like, so that the support member comparison member is manufactured together with the support member, and the influence of concrete shrinkage on the support member comparison member and the support member is ensured to be consistent. For convenience of discussion, the comparison member is hereinafter referred to.
The cross-sectional dimension of the comparison member is the same as the cross-sectional dimension of the support member, the length is smaller than the length of the support member, and the comparison member can be manufactured to have a length of 1-3m, and in this embodiment, a comparison member having a length of 1m is used. In the process of manufacturing the comparison piece, a plurality of strain gauges II are embedded in the comparison piece, and the strain gauges II have the functions of measuring frequency and temperature. The comparison piece is used as a concrete shrinkage and temperature correction comparison group, and is required to be horizontally placed on the ground, and the two ends of the comparison piece do not bear any load.
In step S3, before the foundation pit is excavated, data is read in advance, a first strain gauge buried in the support member is connected by a reader, initial frequencies and initial temperatures inside all the support members are detected, and the initial frequencies of the support members are marked as a m0 The initial temperature is denoted as b m0 Where m is the serial number of the sensor. For example, the initial frequencies of four strain gauges in the same support are a 10 、a 20 、a 30 、a 40 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Initial temperature b 10 、b 20 、b 30 、b 40 。
Simultaneously measuring the comparison piece, and respectively marking the initial temperature and the initial frequency of the comparison piece as c m0 The initial temperature is denoted as d m0 For example, the detection results of the four strain gauges two in the comparison piece are recorded as: the initial frequency is c 10 、c 20 、c 30 、c 40 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the An initial temperature d 10 、d 20 、d 30 、d 40 . The initial frequency is determined by continuously measuring the mean value of the stable data over a plurality of days, e.g. a 10 To adopt the No. 1 sensor in the support member to continuouslyThe mean of the stable values was measured three days.
In step S4, in the subsequent measurement, the current frequency and the current temperature of strain gauges inside all the support members are measured by a reader, and the current temperature and the current frequency of the support members are respectively marked as c mn The initial temperature is denoted as d mn Where m is the serial number of the sensor, n is the number of detections, for example, the measurement result of a single support is: when the secondary frequency is a 1n 、a 2n 、a 3n 、a 4n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current temperature is b 1n 、b 2n 、b 3n 、b 4n . Simultaneously detecting the current frequency and the current temperature of the comparison piece, wherein the current frequency is c 1n 、c 2n 、c 3n 、c 4n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current temperature is d 1n 、d 2n 、d 3n 、d 4n 。
The step S5 comprises the following steps: step S51, calculating the current initial strain of the support; step S52, calculating the measured value change generated by the temperature of the support piece comparison piece and the shrinkage of the concrete; step S53, calculating the axial force and correcting the calculation result.
The calculation formula of step S51 is:
wherein k is am A is the calibration coefficient of the sensor, a m0 The initial frequency, m, is the serial number of the sensor, and n is the detection times.
Bringing equation (1) into this example then calculates:
the calculation formula of step S52 is:
wherein k is cm Calibration system for sensorThe number m is the serial number of the sensor, and n is the detection times.
Bringing equation (2) into this embodiment then calculates:
with respect to temperature correction, there is no limitation on both ends of the comparison member, and when the temperature changes, the deformation of the member due to the temperature change can be completely released. The two ends of the supporting piece are limited by the structures such as the crown beam, the supporting pile and the like, the deformation of the supporting piece cannot be completely released, and the actual deformation is related to the rigidity of the two ends of the supporting piece. But its temperature-induced correction is independent of its stiffness at both ends. The specific explanation is as follows:
the strain sensor measures the change of the strain of the sensor by utilizing the frequency change of the string and the tension change relation of the string. The natural frequency f of the steel string with fixed and tensioned ends is expressed as follows:
since F is related to the stretched length of the steel string, f=ε String E t A String ,
At the same time: the relationship between natural frequency and strain is: epsilon String ＝k*f 2
Thus, it is possible to obtain:
l-steel string length;
f- -tension at two ends of the steel string;
ρ—the linear density of the steel chord material.
When the temperature rises, the effective length of the string can be changed due to thermal expansion and contraction, and meanwhile, the tension is also changed, the temperature rises, the string stretches, the effective length is increased, and the tension at two ends is reduced; the temperature is reduced, the string is contracted, the tension is increased, and after the temperature is changed, the expression of the natural frequency f of the steel string is as follows:
delta L-the length of the steel string varies,
delta F-the tension at the two ends of the steel string changes,
the thermal expansion coefficient of the steel is about 10 < -5 >, and the difference between DeltaL and L generated by temperature change is too large, so that the expression of the natural frequency f of the steel string can be adjusted without considering the influence of length change:
temperature stress will be generated when the steel string is deformed due to temperature change, if the steel string can release all deformation caused by temperature change, the temperature stress will not be generated, namely DeltaF is 0, if the deformation caused by temperature change cannot be released at all, deltaF is generated at the moment 1 ＝α s2 *ΔT*E t A String (A chord is the cross-sectional area of the steel chord). Because both ends of the steel wire are limited to a certain extent, after the temperature changes, the deformation of the steel wire caused by the influence of the temperature can be released to a certain extent.
In the support, the strain gauge is buried in the support, so that the sensor and the support are deformed cooperatively, that is, after being influenced by temperature change, the strain generated by the sensor is consistent with the strain generated by the support. After the outside temperature changes, the sensor is affected, and the supporting piece is affected by the temperature: the supporting piece is in a pressed state generally, the temperature is increased, and the pressure at the two ends is increased; the temperature is reduced, the pressure at the two ends is reduced, and the variation degree of the pressure is related to the lateral rigidity at the two ends of the supporting piece.
The strain sensor is buried in the support piece, the steel wire and the support piece are in cooperative deformation, so that after being influenced by temperature, the strain of the steel wire is consistent with the strain of the concrete support, after the temperature change, the strain of the support piece is delta epsilon, and the temperature is assumedWhen the strain is positive and the length is positive, if the axial force of the reinforced concrete is calculated by the strain value, the calculated strain value of the support member is epsilon 0 -(α s1 *ΔT-Δε)，ε 0 For initial strain, the support is pressed to be negative, the temperature is increased due to the influence of the lateral limits of the two ends of the support, and the deformation caused by the temperature cannot be completely released, so that the released deformation can lead to the increase of the support shaft force, and in the calculation process, if the support shaft force is still calculated according to the strain, the calculated support strain is an upper value. And (3) injection: the calculated value is not the actual strain of the support, which should be: epsilon 0 However, when the temperature is changed, +Δε, the correspondence between the actual strain and the supporting shaft force is changed, and this change occurs.
The measured value of the sensor is also changed under the influence of temperature, and the measured value of the sensor is:
through typeThe strain values that can be measured are: epsilon 0 -(α s2 * Δt Δε), the difference between the measured value of the sensor and the calculated real value is: (alpha) s2 -α s1 ) Δt, the effect of temperature is therefore independent of whether there is a bound on the two ends of the reinforced concrete.
The calculation formula of step S53 is:
ε n repair ＝ε n is as early as -Δε n -(α s1 -α s2 )*(ΔΤ bn -ΔΤ dn ) (3)，
Wherein alpha is s1 For the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete, the coefficient can be measured, alpha s2 The coefficient of expansion of the steel wire inside the strain sensor is given by the manufacturer, or can be directly 1.2x105/. Degree.C. ΔT (delta-T) bn Temperature sensor for measuring strain in support memberMean value DeltaT dn The average value of the current temperature change of the temperature sensor arranged in the strain gauge II in the comparison part is obtained.
Wherein,
bringing equation (4) into this example then calculates:
wherein,
bringing equation (5) into this example then calculates:
the foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A correction calculation method for monitoring the axial force of a concrete support through a strain gauge is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps that S1, a plurality of strain gauges I are installed at the bottom of a detection object, and stress changes and temperature changes of a support piece are monitored through the strain gauges I; s2, manufacturing a support piece comparison piece, and burying a plurality of second strain gauges in the support piece comparison piece at positions corresponding to the first strain gauges, wherein the second strain gauges are used for detecting stress changes and temperature changes in the support piece comparison piece; s3, measuring the internal initial frequency and the initial temperature of all the supporting pieces and the supporting piece comparison pieces simultaneously; s4, measuring the current frequency and the current temperature of the supporting piece and the supporting piece comparison piece at the same time; step S5, calculating the axial force by using the values measured in step S3 and step S4,
the step S5 includes:
step S51, calculating the current initial strain ε of the support n is as early as The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calculation formula of step S51 is:
wherein k is am A, for the calibration coefficient of the corresponding sensor on the support mn For the current frequency of the support, a m0 The initial frequency of the support piece is m, the serial number of the sensor is m, and n is the detection times;
step S52, calculating the measured value change epsilon generated by the temperature of the support piece comparison piece and the shrinkage of the concrete n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calculation formula of step S52 is:
wherein k is cm C, for the calibration coefficient of the corresponding sensor on the supporting piece comparison piece mn C, for the current frequency of the support member comparison member m0 For the initial frequency of the supporting piece, m is the serial number of the sensor, and n is the detection times;
step S53, calculating the axial force and correcting the calculation result, wherein the calculation formula of the step S53 is as follows:
ε n repair ＝ε n is as early as -ε n -(α s1 -α s2 )*(ΔΤ bn -ΔΤ dn ) (3)，
Wherein alpha is s1 For the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete, the coefficient can be measured, alpha s2 The expansion coefficient of the steel wire inside the strain sensor is given by the manufacturer, or 1.2 x 10 < -5 >/DEG C, delta T can be directly taken bn Is a strain gauge in a supportAn internal temperature sensor for measuring the current temperature change average value, deltaT dn The average value of the current temperature change of the temperature sensor arranged in the strain gauge II in the comparison part is obtained.
2. The correction calculation method for monitoring the concrete support shaft force through a strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: and the first strain gauge is arranged at the end part of the supporting element in the step S1, and the second strain gauge is arranged at the end part of the supporting element comparison element in the step S2.
3. The correction calculation method for monitoring the concrete support shaft force through a strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the initial values in the step S3 and the step S4 are determined by continuously measuring the average value of the stable data for a plurality of days.
4. The correction calculation method for monitoring the concrete support shaft force through a strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the said
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