CN105841653A - Method of measuring dam body horizontal displacement - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a method of measuring dam body horizontal displacement, which can completely and comprehensively measure dam body full life circle horizontal displacement including construction period displacement, and has the characteristics of high measuring precision, convenient arrangement and great anti-interference performance. The method comprises the steps of: (1) on a dam section requiring horizontal displacement measurement, selecting a vertical line parallel with an observation gallery along the observation gallery, and successively setting a plurality of inclinometers on the vertical line; (2) measuring the grade of each measuring point to calculate the relative displacement of two ends in a inclinometer control scope; and (3) adding up the relative displacement along a height direction to obtain the horizontal displacement of each elevation of the dam body.

Description

A kind of method measuring dam body horizontal displacement

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of dam displacement monitoring, measure dam body level more particularly to one The method of displacement, it can measure dam body horizontal displacement completely, all sidedly.

Background technology

At present, the observation procedure of dam horizontal displacement includes: collimation line method, method of tension wire alignment and just fall hang down Collimation method etc..

Collimation line method is a kind of alignment method that China just uses the fifties, the Xinanjiang River, Fuchunjiang River, prunus mume (sieb.) sieb.et zucc. Mountain, Fo Ziling, plentiful, Xi Jin and some other power station, all use this alignment method, this method Advantage is: method is simple, flexible arrangement, low cost, if using the instrument of high magnification to enter Going and observe, collimation distance is not the longest, and grasps observation time, still may obtain satisfaction Result.The shortcoming of this method is relatively big, in observation by ectocine (the most horizontal Effect of Refraction) It is difficult to grasp best observation time section, thus greatly affects accuracy of observation.

Method of tension wire alignment is a kind of mechanical collimation method.Between the basic point of dam corridor two ends, horizontal stretch-draw A piece stainless steel silk, as datum line, is perpendicular to this base with measurement each point on the measuring point of each monolith The deviation value of directrix.Method of tension wire alignment compared with collimation line method, have do not affected by Atmosphere Refraction, precision The advantages such as high, observation simplicity, speed are fast, and equipment is simple, expense is relatively low, opens from the later stage sixties Begin, the most many dams are applied.

The mid-1960s, vertical line (just, falling to hang down) becomes observation dam deflection (dam body layering horizontal position Move) important means.Tension wire is a horizontal datum, and vertical line is then a vertical datum line. The fixing point of vertical frontal line, at dam crest, disposes the coordinatograph to be observed on each survey station.The shift value of gained For the relative displacement between each measuring point and hitch point.The fixing point of reversed pendulum below basis tens meters deep Beyond place's stress sphere of action, the shift value of gained is each measuring point relative to basement rock depths fixing point Absolute displacement.Owing to vertical line is the same with tension wire, not only accuracy of observation is high, equipment is simple, observation speed Degree is fast, and can obtain the absolute displacement of measuring point, therefore in Dam Deformation Measurement, all falling to hang down Line is as the control of various alignment methods；The most also using vertical line as the means directly observing horizontal displacement, Such as Ge Zhou Ba, in order to observe dam body horizontal displacement, is provided with 41 altogether and is just hanging down to falling to hang down with 26.

Although it is simple that traditional method has equipment, measurement is convenient, speed is fast, and precision is high, low cost Etc. advantage；But also have that cannot to observe construction time part Dam body displacement, observation Dam body displacement region limited etc. Shortcoming.Induced joint generic hierarchical sequence placing, seals arch, water-retention by stages, and envelope arch is to a certain elevation, just Starting water-retention, now dam monitoring system just hangs down, hanging down also does not installs, therefore some portion of dam body The displacement measured of position is the displacement produced after this water-retention, and this time water-retention and the displacement that produces before are also Do not count.And the measuring point of layout is the most limited on every vertical line, Yi Xiluo crosses induced joint (height of dam 285.5m) as a example by engineering, full dam 31 monoliths altogether, arrange altogether 7 vertical frontal lines, 8 are fallen Vertical line, every reversed pendulum arranges that 1～2 measuring point, every vertical frontal line arrange 3～5 measuring points, each survey Distance 40m between point～70m, it can be seen that use just, reversed pendulum observation Dam body displacement region The most limited.

Summary of the invention

Present invention solves the technical problem that and be: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of measurement dam body The method of horizontal displacement, it is complete that it can measure the dam body including construction time displacement completely, all sidedly Life cycle horizontal displacement, certainty of measurement is high, arrange convenient, strong interference immunity.

The technical solution of the present invention is: the method for this measurement dam body horizontal displacement, it include with Lower step:

(1) needing to measure on the monolith of horizontal displacement along observation gallery selection one and observation gallery The vertical line being arranged in parallel, and on this vertical line, arrange multiple clinometers continuously；

(2) by measuring the gradient of each measuring point, the phase para-position at two ends in calculating clinometer span of control Move；

(3) add up relative displacement along short transverse and obtain the horizontal displacement of each elevation of dam body.

At present high accuracy clinometer have certainty of measurement height, transmission range length, strong interference immunity and oneself The advantages such as dynamic collection data, can meet the deviational survey precision required for this invention；The deviational survey that invention is used While device can pour along with dam body, it is installed to inside dam body, thus ensure that the complete of monitoring displacement Whole property and monitored area comprehensive.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the organigram of clinometer.

Fig. 2 shows that river bed dam section displacement monitoring is arranged, wherein Fig. 2 a is dam body vertical frontal line and reversed pendulum Method monitoring is arranged, Fig. 2 b is oblique point layout.

Fig. 3 shows that abutment sections displacement monitoring is arranged, wherein Fig. 3 a is dam body vertical frontal line and reversed pendulum Method monitoring is arranged, Fig. 3 b is oblique point layout.

Fig. 4 shows gallery surface point layout, and wherein Fig. 4 a is radial arrangement (partial enlargement of Fig. 3 b), Fig. 4 b is to encircle to arranging (the A-A tangent plane of Fig. 3 b).

Fig. 5 shows inside concrete point layout (the A-A tangent plane of Fig. 3 b).

Fig. 6 is measuring point and displacement diagram, and wherein Fig. 6 a is the schematic diagram of measuring point, and Fig. 6 b is displacement Schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the method according to the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

As it is shown in fig. 7, the method for this measurement dam body horizontal displacement, it comprises the following steps:

(1) needing to measure on the monolith of horizontal displacement along observation gallery selection one and observation gallery The vertical line being arranged in parallel, and on this vertical line, arrange multiple clinometers continuously；

(2) by measuring the gradient of each measuring point, the phase para-position at two ends in calculating clinometer span of control Move；

(3) add up relative displacement along short transverse and obtain the horizontal displacement of each elevation of dam body.

At present high accuracy clinometer have certainty of measurement height, transmission range length, strong interference immunity and oneself The advantages such as dynamic collection data, can meet the deviational survey precision required for this invention；The deviational survey that invention is used While device can pour along with dam body, it is installed to inside dam body, thus ensure that the complete of monitoring displacement Whole property and monitored area comprehensive.

Preferably, in described step (1), this vertical line arranges multiple measuring points, and presses measuring point elevation by survey Point numbered 1,2,3 ... n, n are greater than the integer equal to 2；In described step (2), (3), ignore The corner that within concreting 15 days, each horizontally disposed measuring point is surveyed, sets up Dam body displacement and each survey The relation of some gradient.

Preferably, three clinometers of each point layout in described step (1), set up three clinometers Corresponding relation between measurement data, thus check the reliability of measurement data.

Preferably, described three clinometers, towards being respectively radially, arch to and vertical direction, thus Monitor radial direction, arch to displacement simultaneously.

Preferably, in described step (1), a measuring point arranged by observation gallery, average between observation gallery Arrange 3 measuring points；At gallery, point layout is at gallery backplate surface position, point layout at concrete Centre position at LIFT；Clinometer is arranged in parallel near vertical frontal line, reversed pendulum boring, distance Boring 5m.

Preferably, in described step (2), the monitoring time is: measuring point administrative age of concrete is less than 1 When individual month, dam body first filling or dam body water level occur to change by a relatively large margin, the measurement cycle should be less than 5 My god；Remaining cycle of measuring in period is 30～90 days.

Preferably, described step (3) obtains total displacement S according to formula (1)-(4)_nFor:

$s_n=\underset{2}{\overset{n-1}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\Δs}}_i+s_0+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_1+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_n---\left(1\right)$

Δs_i=(θ (i, τ)-θ (i, 15)) h_i i≥2,i≤n-1 (2)

Δs₁=0.5 (θ (1, τ)-θ (1,15)) h₁ (3)

Δs_n=0.5 (θ (n, τ)-θ (n, 15)) h_n (4)

Wherein basic displacement s₀Surveyed by reversed pendulum method；θ (i, τ) represents the total of the i measuring point that age is τ Corner, θ (i, 15)) represent the corner that age is i measuring point during 15d, h_i-1Represent measuring point i and Measuring point i+1 intermediate position points and measuring point i and the distance difference of measuring point i-1 intermediate position points；h₁Table Show measuring point 1 and the distance of measuring point 2；h_nRepresent measuring point n and the distance of measuring point n-1.

Preferably, the corresponding relation between described three clinometer measurement data is formula (5):

$sin\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)=\sqrt{{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_2\right)+{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_3\right)}---\left(5\right)$

Wherein θ₁For being disposed vertically the measuring point anglec of rotation, the radial direction of horizontal positioned measuring point and the normal direction anglec of rotation Degree is respectively θ₂And θ₃。

It is described more particularly below the present invention:

The present invention needs the measuring instrument used to be clinometer, and deviational survey point need to be arranged in observation gallery base plate Surface and vertical frontal line and reversed pendulum near zone.The operation principle of clinometer is to utilize gravity pendulum to begin Keep the character of vertical direction eventually, record the inclination angle between instrument axis and pendulum vertical line, inclination angle Change can be changed by the signal of telecommunication and obtain, such that it is able to know by the displacement of geodesic structure, the structure of clinometer As shown in Figure 1.In view of certainty of measurement problem, the present invention needs application resolution to reach 0.1 second electronics Clinometer.

Following 2 points are shown in measuring point of the present invention and clinometer explanation:

(1) arrangement requirement of measuring point: induced joint is general reserved observation gallery and base in casting process Plinth collector drain, dam body will bore upright opening cloth at observation gallery and foundation drainage gallery after pouring end Put vertical frontal line and reversed pendulum (shown in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 3 a)), clinometer along short transverse should with traditional just Vertical line is parallel with reversed pendulum boring and is arranged near boring, it is proposed that distance boring 5m；Each observation corridor One measuring point of road backplane, by dividing equally distance layout 3 measuring points (figure in concrete between observation gallery Shown in 2b and Fig. 3 b).

(2) point layout in gallery is in gallery backplate surface position, the embedding measuring point cloth in concrete Put the centre position (as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5) at LIFT；For monitoring radially, encircleing to displacement simultaneously, Each measuring point needs to arrange three clinometers, clinometer towards being respectively radially, arch to and Vertical Square To (as shown in Figure 4).

The requirement of measuring point of the present invention monitoring is as follows:

(1) clinometer in gallery can manual measurement or electronic signal transmission data, be embedded in concrete Interior measuring point data needs to transmit by the mode of draught line.

(2) in gallery or use the observation of clinometer that draught line mode arranges should be at gallery base plate coagulation Soil starts at the end of pouring, and measurement process should comprise the construction time of dam body and the whole dam of runtime Body life cycle.

(3) when measuring point place age of concrete was less than 1 month, dam body first filling or dam body water level send out When life changes by a relatively large margin, the measurement cycle should be less than 5 days；Remaining cycle of measuring in period can be 30d～ 90d。

(4) measuring point information should include measuring point sequence number, the monolith at measuring point place, the LIFT at measuring point place, Measuring point is in the sequence number of measuring point place LIFT, measuring point age, the observation of measuring point correspondence age.

Measuring point data of the present invention and the displacement relation of dam body:

In single monolith, by elevation by numbered for measuring point 1,2,3 ... n, ignore turning of measuring point within age 15d Angle, then the intermediate position points of measuring point i-1 and measuring point i is relative to measuring point i and the centre position of measuring point i-1 The displacement (see Fig. 6) of point is:

Δs_i=(θ (i, τ)-θ (i, 15)) h_i i≥2

Wherein: θ (i, τ) represents the total angle of rotation of the i measuring point that age is τ, θ (i, 15)) expression age is 15d Time the corner of i measuring point, h_i-1Represent measuring point i and measuring point i+1 intermediate position points and measuring point i and measuring point The distance difference (see Fig. 6) of i-1 intermediate position points.

The relative displacement of measuring point 1 and measuring point 2 is:

Δs₁=0.5 (θ (1, τ)-θ (1,15)) h₁

Wherein: h₁Represent measuring point 1 and the distance of measuring point 2

The relative displacement of measuring point n and measuring point n-1 is:

Δs_n=0.5 (θ (n, τ)-θ (n, 15)) h_n

Wherein: h_nRepresent measuring point n and the distance of measuring point n-1

If the basic displacement surveyed by reversed pendulum method is s₀, then total displacement is:

$s_n=\underset{2}{\overset{n-1}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\Δs}}_i+s_0+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_1+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_n$

The horizontal positioned measuring point anglec of rotation of the present invention and the relation being disposed vertically the measuring point anglec of rotation

If the radial direction of horizontal positioned measuring point and the normal direction anglec of rotation are respectively θ₂And θ₃, it is disposed vertically measuring point The anglec of rotation is θ₁, then:

$sin\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)=\sqrt{{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_2\right)+{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_3\right)}.$

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not makees the present invention any pro forma Limit, any simple modification that above example is made by every technical spirit according to the present invention, etc. With change and modification, the most still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement, it is characterised in that: it comprises the following steps:

(1) needing to measure on the monolith of horizontal displacement along observation gallery selection one and observation gallery The vertical line being arranged in parallel, and on this vertical line, arrange multiple clinometers continuously；

(2) by measuring the gradient of each measuring point, the phase para-position at two ends in calculating clinometer span of control Move；

(3) add up relative displacement along short transverse and obtain the horizontal displacement of each elevation of dam body.

The method of measurement dam body horizontal displacement the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Step (1) is divided on this vertical line multiple measuring point, and it is numbered by measuring point to press measuring point elevation 1,2,3 ... n, n are greater than the integer equal to 2；In described step (2), (3), ignore coagulation Soil pour 15 days within the corner surveyed of each horizontally disposed measuring point, set up Dam body displacement with each The relation of measuring point gradient.

3. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 2, it is characterised in that: described step (1) three clinometers of each point layout in, set up between three clinometer measurement data Corresponding relation, thus check the reliability of measurement data.

4. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 3, it is characterised in that: described three surveys Tiltedly device, towards being respectively radially, arch to and vertical direction, thus monitor simultaneously radially, arch is to position Move.

5. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 4, it is characterised in that: described step (1) in, a measuring point arranged by observation gallery, 3 measuring points of average layout between observation gallery； At gallery, point layout is in gallery backplate surface position, and at concrete, point layout is at LIFT Centre position；Clinometer is arranged in parallel near vertical frontal line, reversed pendulum boring, distance boring 5m.

6. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 5, it is characterised in that: described step (2) in, the monitoring time is: measuring point administrative age of concrete was less than 1 month, dam body initial stage When water-retention or dam body water level occur to change by a relatively large margin, the measurement cycle should be less than 5 days；Remaining time Measurement cycle phase is 30～90 days.

7. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 6, it is characterised in that: described step (3) total displacement S is obtained according to formula (1)-(4) in_nFor:

$s_n=\underset{2}{\overset{n-1}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\Δs}}_i+s_0+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_1+{\mathrm{\Δs}}_n---\left(1\right)$

Δs_i=(θ (i, τ)-θ (i, 15)) h_i i≥2,i≤n-1 (2)

Δs₁=0.5 (θ (1, τ)-θ (1,15)) h₁ (3)

Δs_n=0.5 (θ (n, τ)-θ (n, 15)) h_n (4)

Wherein basic displacement s₀Surveyed by reversed pendulum method；θ (i, τ) represents the total of the i measuring point that age is τ Corner, θ (i, 15)) represent the corner that age is i measuring point during 15d, h_iRepresent measuring point i and survey Point i+1 intermediate position points and measuring point i and the distance difference of measuring point i-1 intermediate position points；h₁Represent Measuring point 1 and the distance of measuring point 2；h_nRepresent measuring point n and the distance of measuring point n-1.

8. the method measuring dam body horizontal displacement required according to right 4, it is characterised in that: described three Corresponding relation between clinometer measurement data is formula (5):

$sin\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)=\sqrt{{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_2\right)+{\sin }^2\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_3\right)}---\left(5\right)$

Wherein θ₁For being disposed vertically the measuring point anglec of rotation, the radial direction of horizontal positioned measuring point and radial rotary angle Degree is respectively θ₂And θ₃。