JP2009185875A - Bearing device and rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bearing device for effectively reducing a friction loss during low-speed rotation and agitating loss caused by lubricating oil during high-speed rotation, and to provide a rotary machine. <P>SOLUTION: The bearing device 100 includes a seal member 55 provided at an edge 51A of a bearing housing 51 having a pad storage portion 53 formed inside at least on the lower side opposite to an outer peripheral face 10A as a supported face of a rotating shaft 10 for sealing a clearance 54 to the outer peripheral face 10A of the rotating shaft 10, and a holding means 60 for adjusting the amount of lubricating oil held in the pad storage portion 53 depending on the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a sliding bearing device and a rotating machine that can reduce friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss during high-speed rotation.

  Conventionally, the journal bearing shown by patent documents 1-3 is known as this kind of slide bearing device. The journal bearings shown in these patent documents are arranged so that a rotating shaft as a supported body is provided so as to pass through the center portion, and the bearing housing is arranged around the axis of the rotating shaft in the bearing housing. A plurality of pads, and these pads are housed in a pad housing portion in a bearing housing filled with lubricating oil. In such a journal bearing, lubricating oil is interposed between the pad and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft is rotatably supported while sliding on the pad.

Further, in the pad type journal bearing shown in Patent Document 2 in the above-mentioned document, an oil seal is provided at the end of the end of the bearing housing that forms the pad storage portion inside and on the side facing the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft. Is provided so that the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion does not flow out by the oil seal.
JP-A 63-26416 JP-A-57-107428 JP 58-180815 A

    By the way, in the bearing device as described above, the oil seal prevents the lubricating oil from being discharged from the pad housing portion in the bearing housing. However, when the rotating shaft is driven at a high speed, the lubricating oil is conversely lubricated. There was a problem that oil caused resistance and stirring loss occurred.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a bearing device and a rotary machine that can effectively reduce agitation loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation as well as friction loss during low-speed rotation. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a plurality of oil tanks arranged opposite to a supported surface of a rotating shaft and arranged at intervals in the rotation direction of the rotating shaft in an oil tank filled with lubricating oil. A bearing device for supporting the rotating shaft by a bearing pad of the bearing, provided at an edge of a bearing housing forming the pad housing portion therein and at least on a lower side of the rotating shaft facing the supported surface. A sealing member that seals a gap between the rotating shaft and the supported surface, and a holding means that can adjust a holding amount of the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft. And.

  In the above configuration, the holding amount of the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion sealed with the sealing member is adjusted by the holding means according to the number of rotations of the rotary shaft. For this reason, for example, at the time of low-speed rotation when the rotating shaft is started, friction loss can be reduced by maintaining the lubricating oil in the bearing housing at a certain value or more. In addition, during high-speed rotation when the drive of the rotating shaft becomes steady, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can be reduced to a certain value or less, and stirring loss due to the lubricating oil can be reduced.

  Further, in the present invention, a lubricating oil supply portion that supplies lubricating oil into the bearing housing and a lubricating oil discharge portion that discharges lubricating oil from the bearing housing are provided, and the holding means includes the lubricating oil It is preferable to have a control unit that adjusts at least one of supply of lubricant from the supply unit or discharge of lubricant from the lubricant discharge unit.

  In the above configuration, a lubricating oil supply unit that supplies the lubricating oil into the bearing housing and a lubricating oil discharge unit that discharges the lubricating oil from the inside of the bearing housing are provided. At least one of the discharges from the discharge unit is controlled by the control unit of the holding means. For this reason, for example, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing is maintained at a certain value or more during low-speed rotation when the rotating shaft is started, and the bearing is used during high-speed rotation when the driving of the rotating shaft becomes steady. Adjustment such as reducing the lubricating oil in the housing to a certain value or less is also possible, thereby reducing friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation.

  Further, in the present invention, the lubricating oil discharge portion is a gap formed between an edge portion of the bearing housing and a supported surface of the rotating shaft, and discharges the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion, and the holding means A drive unit that moves the seal member so as to open and close a gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft, and the control unit according to the number of rotations of the rotary shaft. It is preferable that the seal member is moved so as to open a space between an edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotating shaft.

  In the above configuration, the seal member can be moved by the drive unit and the control unit of the holding unit so that the gap between the edge of the bearing housing serving as the lubricating oil discharge unit of the lubricating oil and the supported surface of the rotating shaft is opened and closed. For example, by controlling the opening and closing of the seal member, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can be maintained at a certain value or more by closing the gap with the seal member at the time of low-speed rotation when the rotating shaft is started. In addition, at the time of high-speed rotation when the drive of the rotating shaft becomes steady, it is possible to adjust to reduce the lubricating oil in the bearing housing to a certain value or less by opening the gap of the seal member.

  Further, in the present invention, the seal member is provided in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft so as to be along the axis of the rotary shaft, and is provided in the drive portion of the holding means. By adjusting the supply pressure of hydraulic oil to the seal member, the seal member is moved between a sealing position where the seal member closes the gap and an open position where the seal member opens the gap. It is preferable to make it.

  In the above configuration, the seal member is provided along the axis of the rotating shaft in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing forming the lubricating oil discharge portion and the supported surface of the rotating shaft, and the holding means is driven. By adjusting the supply pressure of hydraulic oil to the seal member by the portion, the seal member is placed between a sealing position where the seal member closes the gap and an open position where the seal member opens the gap. I moved it. For this reason, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can be held at a certain value or more by arranging the sealing member at the sealing position where the gap is closed during the low-speed rotation when the rotating shaft is started. In addition, when the drive of the rotary shaft becomes steady, the seal member is arranged at an open position where the gap is opened, so that the lubricant in the bearing housing can be adjusted to be reduced below a certain value.

  In the present invention, the seal member is provided in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft so as to be along the axis of the rotary shaft, and a part of the gap. Between the lower position of the rotary shaft where the seal material closes the lower gap and the upper position of the rotary shaft where the lower seal opens the lower gap by the drive unit of the holding means. It is preferable to move the sealing material.

  In the above configuration, a sealing material is provided in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft so as to be along the axis of the rotary shaft and seal a part of the gap. The drive unit moves the seal material between a position below the rotation shaft where the seal material closes the lower portion of the gap and an upper position of the rotation shaft where the seal material opens the lower portion of the gap. For this reason, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can be maintained at a certain value or more by arranging the sealing material at a position below the rotating shaft that closes the lower portion of the gap during low-speed rotation when the rotating shaft is started. it can. Also, during high-speed rotation when the drive of the rotary shaft becomes steady, adjustment is made to reduce the lubricating oil in the bearing housing to a certain value or less by arranging the seal material at a position above the rotary shaft that opens the lower part of the gap. Can do.

  Further, in the present invention, the lubricating oil discharge portion is constituted by a lubricating oil discharge hole which is communicated from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the bearing housing and discharges the lubricating oil in the bearing housing, and is provided in the holding means. A drainage adjusting valve that is provided in the lubricating oil discharge hole and opens and closes the lubricating oil discharge hole, and the control unit controls the drainage oil adjusting valve so as to correspond to the rotational speed of the rotating shaft. It is preferable that the oil discharge adjusting valve is configured to open and close.

  In the above configuration, the lubricating oil discharge portion is provided with a lubricating oil discharge hole that communicates from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the bearing housing and discharges the lubricating oil in the bearing housing, and controls the oil discharge adjusting valve of the holding means. Since the drain oil regulating valve is controlled to open and close according to the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can always be set to the optimum oil amount.

  Further, in the present invention, the lubricating oil supply section is constituted by a lubricating oil supply hole that communicates from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the bearing housing and supplies the lubricating oil to the bearing housing, and the holding means Provided with a lubricating oil supply valve provided in the lubricating oil supply hole for opening and closing the lubricating oil supply hole, and the control unit controls the oil supply adjusting valve to control the oil supply adjusting valve according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft. It is preferable that the oil supply adjustment valve be configured to open and close.

  In the above configuration, as the lubricating oil supply unit, a lubricating oil supply hole that communicates from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the bearing housing and supplies the lubricating oil in the bearing housing is provided. Thus, since the oil supply adjusting valve is controlled to open and close according to the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can always be set to the optimum oil amount.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the control unit opens and closes the oil drainage adjustment valve and the oil supply adjustment valve based on a signal from a detection unit that detects the rotational speed of the rotary shaft.

  In the above configuration, the control unit of the holding unit adjusts the lubricating oil supply or the lubricating oil discharge based on the detection signal from the detecting unit that detects the state quantity corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotating shaft. For this reason, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing can always be set to the optimum oil amount by controlling the amount of oil supplied or discharged according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that a rotating machine is configured by pivotally supporting a rotating shaft with the above-described bearing device.

  In the above configuration, the rotation shaft of a rotary machine such as a gas turbine, a compressor, or a supercharger is pivotally supported by the bearing device, so that friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation are reduced. Since it can reduce, efficient drive in a rotary apparatus can be performed and an operating cost can be restrained low.

  According to the present invention, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing is maintained at a certain value or more, and the lubricating oil in the bearing housing is reduced to a certain value or less during high-speed rotation when the drive of the rotating shaft becomes steady. This makes it possible to reduce friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation.

(First embodiment)
1st Embodiment of this invention is described based on FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a steam turbine 1 as an example of a rotating machine on which a bearing device according to this embodiment is mounted. The steam turbine 1 includes an adjustment valve 2 that adjusts the amount and pressure of steam (working fluid) flowing into the steam turbine 1, a casing 3 that maintains pressure, a power generation unit 4 that generates power, and a compressor that supplies power. The main structure is the rotor 5 that transmits to the machine.

  A plurality of regulating valves 2 are attached to the inside of the casing 3, and each includes a regulating valve chamber 6 into which steam flows from a boiler (not shown), a valve body 7, and a valve seat 8. The valve seat 8 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and its axis is orthogonal to the axis of the rotor 5. The rotor 5 has a rotating shaft 10 supported by bearing devices 100 and 103. These bearing devices 100 and 103 will be described later.

  The inner diameter of the valve seat 8 gradually increases in the direction toward the rotor 5, and the tip portion communicates with the steam chamber 11. The inner surface of the end opposite to the steam chamber 11 of the valve seat 8 forms a curved surface 9 having an inwardly convex curvature. The lower shape of the valve body 7 forms a part of a sphere, and is provided so as to be able to contact and separate from the curved surface 9 of the valve seat 8. When the valve body 7 is separated from the valve seat 8, the steam channel is opened, and when the valve body 7 is in contact with the valve seat 8, the steam channel is closed. The regulating valve 2 controls the steam flow rate by opening and closing the valve body 7. Further, the output of the steam turbine is controlled by adjusting the opening / closing timing of the plurality of regulating valves 2.

  The steam chamber 11 guides the steam flowing from the regulating valve 2 to the power generation unit 4 and has a substantially donut shape. The steam flow path of the steam chamber 11 becomes narrower toward the inside and is deflected in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor 5.

  The power generation unit 4 includes a nozzle 20 fixed to the casing 3 and a moving blade 21 attached to the rotor 5. One set of the nozzle 20 and the moving blade 21 is referred to as a paragraph, and in this embodiment, six paragraphs are provided. The nozzle 20 expands the steam in the steam passage to generate velocity energy, and changes the flow direction to create a momentum in the rotational direction of the shaft. The moving blade 21 acts to absorb the energy of the steam converted into the velocity energy by the nozzle 20 and convert it into the rotational energy of the rotor 5.

  A large number of nozzles 20 are arranged radially and are held by a ring-shaped partition plate outer ring 22 and a ring-shaped partition plate inner ring 23 that are firmly fixed to the casing 3. Between the rotor 5 side end part of the partition plate inner ring | wheel 23 and the rotor 5, it has the seal structure which prevents a steam leak. In the paragraph with high steam pressure, the labyrinth structure is adopted as the seal structure.

  A large number of moving blades 21 are arranged radially, and are firmly attached to the outer peripheral portion of a disk 24 that protrudes from the rotor 5 and is provided in a cylindrical shape. A shroud 25 is attached to the tip of the rotor blade 21 at the final stage, and a fin for preventing steam leakage is attached to a position facing the shroud 25 on the partition plate outer ring 22 side.

  The rotor 5 is rotatably supported by bearing devices 100 and 103 (described later). The rotor 5 acts to transmit the power generated by the power generation unit 4 to a machine such as a compressor. A seal structure is provided between the rotor 5 and the casing 3 to prevent leakage of steam or the like. The exhaust steam that has finished work by operating the steam turbine 1 is sent to a condenser (not shown) through the exhaust chamber 26. The steam turbine 1 is provided with a drive control unit 30, and the supply of steam as a working fluid is controlled in the steam turbine 1 based on a signal from the drive control unit 30.

  Next, the journal bearing device 100 assembled to the rotating shaft 10 of the rotor 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the journal bearing device 100 has a bearing base 50 fixed to the main body (not shown) and a rotating shaft 10 that is supported by the bearing base 50 and serves as a supported body. A bearing housing 51 that penetrates the portion, and an outer peripheral surface 10A of the rotary shaft 10 that is rotatably arranged around the axis of the rotary shaft 10 (in the direction of the arrow (A)) in the bearing housing 51. The bearing housing 51 is an oil tank filled with lubricating oil. The bearing housing 51 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and is fitted and supported by the bearing mount 50. A plurality of bearing pads 52 are arranged on the inner peripheral side of the bearing housing 51 along the axis of the rotating shaft 10 (indicated by arrows (A)).

  The bearing housing 51 is formed with a concave pad storage portion 53 in which the bearing pad 52 is stored. The bearing housing 51 includes an edge portion 51A of the bearing housing 51 that forms the pad storage portion 53 therein, and a cover of the rotary shaft 10. A seal member 55 that seals the gap 54 between the support surface 10A and the support surface 10A is provided on the side facing the support surface 10A. The seal member 55 is provided with a set of an upper seal material 55A and a lower seal material 55B that are formed in an arc shape around the axis of the rotary shaft 10 (indicated by an arrow (A)). The upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B that form the seal member 55 are formed of an elastic body, and are always urged upward and downward to open the gap 54, respectively. The bearing housing 51 is provided with lubricating oil supply passages 56A and 56B for supplying the lubricating oil to the pad storage portion 53 to reach the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 10, and between the bearing housing 51 and the bearing pad 52. Is provided with a pivot 57 for positioning and holding the bearing pad 52 in the bearing housing 51.

  The bearing housing 51 is provided with a holding means 60 capable of adjusting the amount of lubricating oil held in the pad storage portion 53 in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 10. The holding unit 60 includes a drive unit 61 that drives the seal member 55 and a control unit 62 that controls the drive unit 61. The drive unit 61 includes a hydraulic cylinder 63 for bringing the upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B forming the seal member 55 close to each other, and a pump 64 for supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 63. The pump 64 receives a control signal from the controller 62. The control unit 62 adjusts the hydraulic oil supply pressure of the pump 64 to the seal member 55 based on the detection signal output from the detection means 65 that detects the state quantity corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 10. By adjusting the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil, the seal member 55 is moved between a sealing position where the seal member 55 closes the gap 54 and an open position where the seal member 55 opens the gap 54.

  Note that the upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B of the seal member 55 are elastic bodies that are urged upward and downward to open the gap 54, respectively, and the hydraulic cylinder 63 supplies hydraulic oil. In addition, the upper seal member 55A and the lower seal member 55B are elastically deformed toward the sides close to each other against the biasing force, thereby closing the gap 54. Further, when the hydraulic oil supply to the hydraulic cylinder 63 is stopped, the gap 54 is opened by returning to the original shape by the elastic force of the upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B of the seal member 55. Become.

  In addition, as the detection means 65 that detects the state quantity corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 10, for example, a tachometer that detects the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 10 is used. Further, the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 10 may be indirectly detected by detecting how much the rotating shaft 10 is displaced upward with respect to the central axis M. Specifically, when the rotary shaft is stationary, the vertical axis of the rotary shaft 10 is lowered to a position where there is no gap 54 between the rotary shaft 10 and the bearing pad 52 due to its own weight. As the oil film circulates, the oil film thickness below the bearing pad 52 is increased and hydraulic pressure is generated, so that the oil film has a load capability. Therefore, the vertical position of the rotary shaft 10 is raised by the wedge film effect. And the speed of the rotating shaft 10 is indirectly detected by measuring the shaft flying height at this time with detection means, such as an eddy current type vibration meter or a laser displacement meter. Therefore, these eddy current vibrometers or laser displacement meters may be used as the detection means 65 for detecting the speed of the rotating shaft 10.

  Next, the operation of the journal bearing device 100 described above and details of control by the control unit 62 will be described with reference to FIGS. The following steps correspond to the flowchart of FIG. First, when supply of steam as a working fluid is started in the steam turbine 1 based on a signal from the drive control unit 30 and operation of the steam turbine 1 is started (step S1), the rotating shaft 10 is moved to an arrow (i). ) Direction, and the rotation speed at this time is detected by the detecting means 65 (step S2). When the rotational speed is low, a signal for operating the hydraulic cylinder 63 is continuously output from the control unit 62, and the operating pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinder 63 (range a in FIG. 4). ). As a result, the upper sealing material 55A and the lower sealing material 55B are elastically deformed toward the sides close to each other against the biasing force, and the gap 54 is closed. As a result, the pad storage portion 53 is filled with lubricating oil. Is retained. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the friction loss between the outer peripheral surface serving as the supported surface of the rotating shaft 10 and the pad 52 that supports the rotating shaft 10 by this lubricating oil.

  Further, the control unit 62 determines whether or not the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 10 exceeds a preset setting value based on the detection signal from the detection means 65 (step S3). If it is YES, the supply of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 63 is stopped (steps S4 to S5) (range b in FIG. 4). Then, when the supply of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 63 is stopped, the original shape is restored by the elastic force of the upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B of the seal member 55, the gap 54 is opened, and the pad storage portion The lubricating oil in 53 is discharged to the outside through the gap 54. For this reason, it is possible to suppress an increase in the pressure of the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51, thereby reducing agitation loss due to the lubricating oil.

  Thereafter, based on the detection signal of the detection means 65, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 10 has fallen below a predetermined set value (step S6). If NO, the current gap 54 is maintained open. If YES, the controller 62 outputs a signal for operating the hydraulic cylinder 63 to supply hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder 63 (step S7) (range c in FIG. 4). As a result, the upper seal material 55A and the lower seal material 55B are elastically deformed toward the sides close to each other against the urging force to close the gap 54, so that the pad storage portion 53 is filled with lubricating oil. After that, when the rotation shaft 10 becomes low speed and stops (steps S8 to S9), this flowchart is ended.

  In the journal bearing device 100 configured as described above, in the gap 54 between the edge portion 51A of the bearing housing 51 and the outer peripheral surface 10A of the rotary shaft 10, about the axis of the rotary shaft 10 (in the direction of the arrow (A)). The sealing member 55 is provided along the sealing member 55, and the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil to the sealing member 55 is adjusted by the driving unit 61 of the holding unit 60, thereby the sealing position where the sealing member 55 closes the gap 54, The seal member 55 is moved between the open position where the seal member 55 opens the gap. For this reason, at the time of low speed rotation when the rotating shaft 10 is started, the seal member 55 is disposed at a sealing position where the gap 54 is closed, so that the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is maintained at a certain value or more. In addition, when the drive of the rotary shaft 10 becomes steady, the seal member 55 is disposed at an open position where the gap 54 is opened, so that the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is reduced to a predetermined value or less. Can be adjusted. This produces an effect of reducing friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation.

  The seal member 55 is provided in almost all the gaps 54 of the bearing housing 51 serving as a lubricating oil discharge portion of the lubricating oil. In this way, the sealing member 55 extends over the entire circumference in the axial direction (arrow (A) direction). It is not essential to provide them, and they should be provided at least below the rotating shaft 10 where the lubricating oil accumulates. That is, the lower seal material 55B on the lower side in the seal member 55 is essential, and the upper seal material 55A provided in an auxiliary manner can be omitted as appropriate for simplification of the configuration. Further, the seal member 55 is composed of an upper seal material 55A and a lower seal material 55B that respectively seal a range of approximately 180 degrees. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, three seal members each sealing a range of 120 degrees. The sealing member may be divided into three or more, such as a sealing material and four sealing materials each sealing a 90 degree range.

(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The journal bearing device 101 shown in the second embodiment is different from the journal bearing device 100 of the first embodiment in the configuration of the holding means 70 and the seal member 71. The seal member 71 includes an upper seal material 71A for sealing the upper half gap 54 of the rotary shaft 10 and a lower seal material 71B for sealing the lower half gap 54 of the rotary shaft 10. The upper seal material 71A is fixed to the tip of the edge 51A of the bearing housing 51, and the lower seal material 71B is shifted in the axial direction from the upper seal member 71A at the tip of the edge 51A of the bearing housing 51. The lower half gap 54 can be opened and closed by rotating around the central axis M of the rotary shaft 10.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the holding means 70 includes a drive unit 72 that drives the lower seal member 71 </ b> B and a control unit 73 that controls the drive unit 72. The drive unit 72 is rotatably supported on the bearing housing 51 by a bearing (not shown) so as to be concentric with the central axis M of the rotary shaft 10, and a ring member 74 having a lower seal material 71B fixed to the inner peripheral side thereof, It comprises a stepping motor 75 having a reduction gear (not shown) and a gear mechanism 76 for transmitting the drive of the stepping motor 75 to the ring member 74. Further, the control unit 73 drives the stepping motor 75 based on the detection signal from the detection unit 77 that detects the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 10, thereby lower seal material 71 </ b> B as shown in FIG. 7A. Is at the lower position of the rotary shaft 10 and the lower seal material 71B closes the gap 54, and the lower seal material 71B is at the upper position of the rotary shaft 10 as shown in FIG. Thus, the lower seal material 71B is disposed at any one of the open positions where the lower seal material 71B opens the gap 54.

  In such a journal bearing device 101, the driving of the stepping motor 75 of the driving unit 72 is controlled by the control unit 73. The control flow at this time is different from the control flow of FIG. 4 except for the processing of step S4 and step S7. Are the same. That is, at the start of operation in Step 1, as in the first embodiment, first, the gap 54 between the bearing housing 51 and the rotating shaft 10 is set in a closed state (the state shown in FIG. 7A), and then In step S4, in step S7, a signal for driving the stepping motor 75 is output to open the gap 54 (the state shown in FIG. 7B). In step S7, the gap 54 is sealed. In order to obtain the state shown in FIG. 7A, a signal for driving the stepping motor 75 is output.

  In the journal bearing device 101 configured as described above, in the gap 54 between the edge portion 51A of the bearing housing 51 and the outer peripheral surface 10A of the rotary shaft 10, about the axis of the rotary shaft 10 (in the direction of the arrow (A)). A seal member 71 that seals the gap 54 is provided along the rotation shaft, and the lower seal member 71B in the seal member 71 closes the lower portion of the gap 54 by the drive unit 72 of the holding means 70 ( The lower seal material 71B is moved between the position (FIG. 7A) and the position above the rotation axis where the seal material 71B opens the lower portion of the gap 54 (FIG. 7B). For this reason, at the time of low speed rotation when the rotating shaft 10 is started, the sealing material 71B is disposed at a position below the rotating shaft that closes the lower portion of the gap 54, thereby reducing the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51. Hold above a certain value and When the drive of the rotary shaft 10 becomes steady, the seal material 71B is disposed at a position above the rotary shaft that opens the lower portion of the gap 54, so that the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is a constant value. Adjustments can be made to reduce to the following, whereby the effect of reducing friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation can be achieved, as in the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, the seal member 71 is provided over the entire circumference in the axial direction (arrow (A) direction). However, it is not essential to provide the seal member 71, and at least the rotation in which the lubricating oil accumulates is provided. It may be provided on the lower side of the shaft 10. That is, the lower seal material 71B on the lower side in the seal member 71 is indispensable. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the upper seal material 71A provided as an auxiliary is for simplifying the configuration. The gap 54 may be sealed only by the lower sealing material 71B.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The journal bearing device 102 shown in the third embodiment is different from the journal bearing devices 100 and 101 of the previous embodiment in that it is communicated from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the bearing housing 51 as shown in FIG. Lubricating oil supply hole 80 (lubricating oil supply portion) for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing housing 51, and lubrication that communicates from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the bearing housing 51 to discharge the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 An oil discharge hole 81 (lubricating oil discharge portion) and holding means 82 for controlling the opening and closing of these lubricating oil supply hole 80 and lubricating oil discharge hole 81 are provided, and the oil amount in the bearing housing 51 is adjusted by these configurations. This is the point. As the lubricating oil supply hole 80 and the lubricating oil discharge hole 81 for supplying and discharging the lubricating oil, an existing mechanism that circulates the lubricating oil in the oil tank in the bearing housing 51 may be used, or dedicated for the present invention. May be provided and can be appropriately selected.

  The holding means 82 is provided in the lubricating oil supply hole 80 and opens and closes the lubricating oil supply hole 80, and the holding oil 82 is provided in the lubricating oil discharge hole 81 and discharges the oil that opens and closes the lubricating oil discharge hole 81. An adjustment valve 84, a pump 85 for supplying lubricating oil to the oil supply adjustment valve 83, and a controller 86 that controls opening and closing of the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 according to the number of rotations of the rotary shaft 10. And is composed of. The control unit 86 opens and closes the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 and drives the pump 85 based on a detection signal from a detection unit 87 that detects a state quantity corresponding to the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 10 such as a tachometer. To control. Further, the seal member 88 disposed in the gap 54 between the edge 51 </ b> A of the bearing housing 51 and the outer peripheral surface 10 </ b> A of the rotating shaft 10 is fixed to the edge 51 </ b> A of the bearing housing 51 so as to seal the gap 54. Has been.

  In the oil supply adjusting valve 83, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), the lubricating oil is supplied into the bearing housing 51 as “open” when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at a low speed and when the rotating shaft stops, and when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at a high speed. As “closed”, the supply of the lubricating oil into the pad storage portion 53 of the bearing housing 51 is stopped. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11B, the oil discharge adjusting valve 84 holds the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 as “closed” when the rotating shaft 10 rotates at a low speed and stops rotating, and the rotating shaft 10 The lubricating oil in the pad storage portion 53 is discharged as “open” during high-speed rotation.

  The process of the control part 86 of the journal bearing apparatus 102 mentioned above is demonstrated with reference to FIG. First, in an initial state before the steam turbine 1 is operated, the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the exhaust oil adjustment valve 84 are both “closed”, and the pad storage portion 53 serving as an oil tank is filled with lubricating oil. It is in a state. After that, when supply of steam as a working fluid is started in the steam turbine 1 based on a signal from the drive control unit 30 and operation of the steam turbine 1 is started (step S10), the rotating shaft 10 is rotated at a low speed. (Step S11), the rotation speed at this time is detected by the detection means 87, and based on the detection signal from the detection means 87, it is determined whether or not the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 10 exceeds a preset setting value ( Step S12). Based on the determination result, when the rotational speed is low (NO in step S12), the control unit 86 sets the oil supply adjustment valve 83 to “open” and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 to “close”. As a result, the bearing housing 51 is filled with a required amount of lubricating oil during low-speed rotation, and friction loss can be reduced.

  Then, based on the detection signal of the detection means 87, when the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 10 exceeds a preset set value (YES in step S12), the oil supply adjustment valve 83 “closed” and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 are As "open", the lubricating oil is discharged from the pad storage portion 53 serving as an oil tank (step S13), and in this state, the rotary shaft 10 is rotated at a high speed (step S14). As a result, the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is reduced, and the pressure of the lubricating oil is lowered, so that the stirring loss due to the lubricating oil can be reduced.

  Thereafter, based on the detection signal of the detection means 87, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 10 has fallen below a predetermined set value (step S15). If NO, the current state is maintained. If YES, The oil supply adjustment valve 83 is “open” and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 is “closed” to stop the discharge of the lubricating oil from the pad storage portion 53 and store the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion 53 (step S16). As a result, it is possible to increase the amount of lubricating oil and reduce the friction loss during low-speed rotation again. Thereafter, when the operation is stopped (steps S17 to S18), the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 are both “closed”, and this flowchart is ended.

  The flow chart of FIG. 12 describes the supply and discharge of the lubricating oil during the low speed rotation and the high speed rotation of the rotary shaft 10, but in addition to this, as shown in FIG. A process of supplying a set amount of lubricating oil into the pad storage portion 53 may be performed. Specifically, after the operation of the steam turbine 1 is stopped (step S20), the oil supply adjustment valve 83 is set to “open” and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 is set to “close”, so that the pad storage portion 53 serving as an oil tank is placed. Lubricating oil supply is started (step S21). The lubricating oil time to the pad storage 53 is measured by a timer (not shown), and it is determined whether or not this measuring time is equal to or longer than a preset setting time (step S22). In the case of YES, assuming that a certain amount of lubricating oil is filled in the pad storage portion 53, both the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 are closed.

  In the journal bearing device 102 configured as described above, the lubricating oil supply hole 80 for supplying the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is provided as a lubricating oil supply portion, and the lubricating oil for discharging the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is provided. The discharge hole 81 is provided as a lubricating oil discharge portion, and the oil supply adjusting valve 83 and the oil discharge adjusting valve 84 that open and close the lubricating oil supply hole 80 and the lubricating oil discharge hole 81 are rotated by the control portion 86 of the holding means 82. Opening / closing control is performed according to the rotational speed of the shaft 10. As a result, the lubricating oil in the bearing housing 51 is maintained at a predetermined value or more during low-speed rotation when the rotary shaft 10 is started, and the bearing is used during high-speed rotation when the drive of the rotary shaft 10 becomes steady. Adjustment can be made to reduce the lubricating oil in the housing 51 below a certain value. This produces an effect of reducing friction loss during low-speed rotation and stirring loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation.

  In the present embodiment, the opening / closing control of the oil supply adjustment valve 83 and the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 is simultaneously performed in the flowchart of FIG. 12, but only the opening / closing control of any one of the adjustment valves 83, 84 is performed. You may do it. That is, by performing either the control of the oil supply adjustment valve 83 shown in FIG. 11 (A) or the control of the oil discharge adjustment valve 84 shown in FIG. 11 (B), the rotary shaft 10 rotates at high speed during low speed rotation. The amount of lubricating oil in the pad storage portion 53 at the time may be adjusted. For example, in a journal bearing device that controls the opening / closing of only the oil supply adjustment valve 83, the oil supply adjustment valve 83 is set to “open” during low-speed rotation to store lubricant in the pad storage portion 53, and the oil supply adjustment valve during high-speed rotation. By setting 83 to “closed”, the oil supply may be stopped and the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion 53 may only be discharged. Further, in the journal bearing device that controls the opening / closing of only the oil drainage adjustment valve 84, the oil drainage adjustment valve 84 is set to “closed” during low-speed rotation so that the lubricating oil is stored in the pad storage portion 53 and is discharged during high-speed rotation. The lubricating oil in the pad storage portion 53 may be discharged by setting the oil adjustment valve 84 to “open”.

  Moreover, although each said embodiment described the journal bearing apparatuses 100-102, you may apply the same structure to the thrust bearing apparatus 103. FIG. In this case, the supported surface supported by the bearing pad 52 is not the outer peripheral surface 10A of the rotating shaft 10, but the end surface 31A of the thrust collar 31 integrally fixed to the rotating shaft 10 as shown in FIG. The thrust bearing device 103 is arranged around the axis of the rotary shaft 10 along the end surface 31A (in the direction of the arrow (A)) at a constant interval. At this time, as the thrust bearing device 103, any configuration of the first to third embodiments can be selected. FIG. 14 is an example of a thrust bearing device 103 having the configuration shown in the first embodiment. The thrust bearing device 103 having the structure according to the present invention is required to be positioned at least on the lower side (lower half) on the side facing the end surface 31A of the thrust collar 31 integral with the rotating shaft 10, but this is essential. It is not limited to this, and it may be provided around the entire circumference of the axis of rotation 10 (arrow (A) direction).

  Further, in each of the embodiments described above, the control unit of the holding unit performs control to adjust the holding amount of the lubricating oil when the number of rotations of the rotating shaft 10 exceeds a predetermined value based on the detection result by the detection unit. However, this is not a limitation. That is, control may be performed so that the amount of lubricant retained is continuously changed in accordance with the change in the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 10.

  Moreover, although said embodiment described the case where it applied to the steam turbine 1 which is an example of a rotary machine, it is not limited to this, The bearing apparatuses 100-103 mentioned above are compression other than the steam turbine 1. It may be incorporated in a rotating machine such as a machine or a supercharger. And in such rotary machines such as compressors and superchargers, friction loss during low-speed rotation and agitation loss due to lubricating oil during high-speed rotation can be reduced. As a result, gas turbines, compressors, superchargers can be reduced. This makes it possible to extend the life of bearings of rotating machines such as machines and to reduce the maintenance cost related to the bearing parts of these rotating devices.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, the concrete structure is not restricted to this embodiment, The design change etc. of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention are included.

The present invention is a side view showing an outline of a steam turbine to which the present invention is applied. It is sectional drawing which looked at the journal bearing apparatus shown as 1st Embodiment of this invention from the side. It is a schematic block diagram at the time of seeing the journal bearing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 from the front. In the journal bearing device of the 1st embodiment of the present invention, it is a graph which shows the relation between the amount of lubricating oil in a bearing housing, the operating pressure of a seal member, and the rotation speed of a rotating shaft. It is a flowchart which shows the control content of a control part in the journal bearing apparatus of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing seen from the side of the journal bearing apparatus shown as 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic for demonstrating operation | movement of the seal member of the journal bearing apparatus of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (A) is the seal member 71 in a sealing position, (B) is the seal member 71. Is shown in the open position. It is sectional drawing seen from the side which shows the modification of the journal bearing apparatus of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram at the time of seeing the journal bearing apparatus shown in FIG. 8 from the front. It is sectional drawing seen from the side of the journal bearing apparatus shown as 3rd Embodiment of this invention. In the journal bearing device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, (A) a graph showing the relationship between the lubricating oil amount in the bearing housing, the oil supply adjusting valve, and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, (B) lubrication in the bearing housing. It is a graph which shows the relationship between an oil quantity and a waste oil regulating valve, and the rotational speed of a rotating shaft. In the journal bearing apparatus of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, it is a flowchart which shows the control content of the control part at the time of driving | operation. In the journal bearing device of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, it is a flowchart which shows the control content of the control part immediately after a driving | operation stop. It is sectional drawing seen from the side which shows the example at the time of applying this invention to a thrust bearing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 Steam turbine (rotary machine)
10 Rotating shaft (supported body)
10A Outer peripheral surface (supported surface)
31 Thrust collar (supported body)
31A End surface (supported surface)
51 Bearing housing 52 Bearing pad 53 Pad storage part 54 Gap (lubricating oil discharge part)
55 Seal member 56A Lubricant supply path (lubricant supply part)
56B Lubricating oil supply path (lubricating oil supply part)
60 holding means 61 driving part 62 control part 70 holding means 71 seal member 72 driving part 73 control part 80 lubricating oil supply hole (lubricating oil supply part)
81 Lubricant drain hole (lubricant drain)
82 Holding means 83 Oil supply adjustment valve 84 Oil discharge adjustment valve 86 Control unit 100 Journal bearing device 101 Journal bearing device 102 Journal bearing device 103 Thrust bearing device

Claims (9)

A bearing that is disposed opposite to a supported surface of a rotating shaft in an oil tank filled with lubricating oil, and supports the rotating shaft by a plurality of bearing pads arranged at intervals in the rotation direction of the rotating shaft. A device,
The gap between the edge of the bearing housing that forms the pad housing portion and at least the lower side on the side facing the supported surface of the rotating shaft, and the supported surface of the rotating shaft A sealing member for sealing
A bearing device comprising: holding means capable of adjusting a holding amount of the lubricating oil in the pad storage portion according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft. A lubricating oil supply section that supplies lubricating oil into the bearing housing; and a lubricating oil discharge section that discharges lubricating oil from within the bearing housing,
2. The bearing according to claim 1, wherein the holding unit includes a control unit that adjusts at least one of lubricating oil supply from the lubricating oil supply unit and lubricating oil discharge from the lubricating oil discharge unit. apparatus. The lubricating oil discharge part is a gap formed between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotating shaft, and discharging the lubricating oil in the pad storage part,
The holding means has a drive unit that moves the seal member so as to open and close a gap between an edge of the bearing housing and a supported surface of the rotating shaft,
The said control part moves the said sealing member according to the rotation speed of the said rotating shaft, and open | releases between the edge part of the said bearing housing, and the said supported surface of the said rotating shaft. The bearing device described in 1. The seal member is provided in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft so as to be along the axis of the rotary shaft,
The drive unit of the holding means adjusts the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil to the seal member, so that the seal member closes the gap and the open position where the seal member opens the gap. The bearing device according to claim 3, wherein the seal member is moved. The seal member is provided in the gap between the edge of the bearing housing and the supported surface of the rotary shaft so as to be along the axis of the rotary shaft, and seals a part of the gap. Formed by
The drive unit of the holding means moves the seal material between a position below the rotation shaft where the seal material closes the lower portion of the gap and a position above the rotation shaft where the seal material opens the lower portion of the gap. The bearing device according to claim 3. The lubricating oil discharge portion is communicated from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the bearing housing, and includes a lubricating oil discharge hole for discharging the lubricating oil in the bearing housing,
The holding means has a drainage adjustment valve that is provided in the lubricant discharge hole and opens and closes the lubricant discharge hole;
The bearing device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit controls the oil drainage adjustment valve to open and close the oil drainage adjustment valve according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft. The lubricating oil supply portion is connected from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the bearing housing, and includes a lubricating oil supply hole that supplies lubricating oil to the bearing housing. The holding means is connected to the lubricating oil supply hole. An oil supply adjusting valve provided to open and close the lubricating oil supply hole;
The bearing device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit controls the oil supply adjustment valve to open and close the oil supply adjustment valve according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft. A detecting means for detecting a state quantity corresponding to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft and outputting a detection signal;
The bearing device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the control unit adjusts lubricating oil supply or lubricating oil discharge based on a detection signal from the detecting means.   A rotary machine that supports a rotary shaft by the bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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