JP2009179741A - Heavy-oil emulsion fuel manufacturing system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make residues and slurry of a heavy-fuel content ultrafine in mixing a heavy oil with at least water to convert the heavy oil into an emulsion fuel. <P>SOLUTION: The system comprises a heavy-oil feed section, a first mixing section, a filtrating section, a water feed section, a premixing section, and a second mixing section. The first mixing section comprises the first vibrator pulverizing residues, etc., in a heavy oil fed from the heavy-oil feed section. In the filtrating section, the heavy oil remixed with residues, etc., pulverized in the first mixing section is filtrated. In the premixing section, the heavy oil filtrated in the filtrating section and water from the water feed section are premixed. The second mixing section comprises the second vibrator pulverizing the mixture remixed in the premixing section. In the first mixing section, the heavy oil is pulverized to make it ultrafine. In the second mixing section, an emulsion fuel is manufactured. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, when mixing at least water with heavy oil to make an emulsion fuel, the heavy fuel residue and slurry are made ultrafine to reduce engine damage and fuel nozzle clogging. The present invention relates to a quality oil emulsion fuel production system.

  Fuel used in power generation facilities, marine diesel engines, etc., refines more light oil and gasoline from measures to reduce NOx and soot from the viewpoint of environmental issues, and demand for petroleum products and expansion of fuel consumption in developing countries Therefore, it is unavoidable to switch to a heavy oil with high viscosity and poor ignition / combustibility that contains a lot of residues and slurries (turbid oil containing fine solid particles) such as C heavy oil, which is cheap and easily available. Yes. In order to apply this heavy oil to diesel engines, countermeasures against engine troubles such as abnormal combustion of diesel engines, excessive wear of cylinders, wear due to adhesion, clogging of fuel nozzles, burning, and corrosion are required. .

Various methods are known as specific measures for such measures. For example, there is a method of diffusing and mixing water in liquid fuel by applying high-frequency vibration to a liquid mixture of liquid fuel and water to generate a cavitation effect (see Patent Document 1). According to the method of Patent Document 1, it is possible to produce an ultrafine particle / high mixing density emulsion fuel.
Republished patent WO2004 / 004881

  In order to prevent clogging of a fuel injection device, diesel engines that burn emulsion fuel for power generation are generally provided with a filter in the fuel supply system that removes foreign matters of about 10 μm or more. For this reason, it is necessary to grind impurities and residues contained in the fuel to 10 μm or less.

  Waste cooking oil contains processed foods, fried dregs and oil contaminants mixed in the food processing process in food factories and large restaurants. As an example of waste cooking oil filtration, processed food pieces such as potato fries, meat pieces, vegetable pieces, deep-fried foods such as bread crumbs, and foreign substances such as insects that have entered during storage are pre-filtered filters 50-60 After removing the mesh, medium impurities and residues are filtered through a filter 100 mesh. However, even if the filtration is performed in this manner, the filamentous impurities having a length of 800 μm × thickness of 30 μm and granular impurities having a maximum size of about 80 μm remain as residues.

  Also, heavy oil is a residue obtained by distillation and purification from crude oil such as naphtha, kerosene, and light diesel oil, and contains many residues and light oil fraction (cutter material). Diesel engines are not mixed with water, and residues such as asphaltene and sludge are clogged with vapor locks and fuel injectors, fuel valve sticks, wear, corrosion, and combustibility. Abnormal wear or damage to the cylinder liner will occur. Asphaltenes are high molecular weight substances in heavy oil and are dispersed in a colloidal form, but complete combustion is facilitated when the thickness is 20 μm or less. Sludge is caused by poor mixing stability with water and reduced thermal stability during fuel storage, but even if sludge is present, if it is pulverized and refined to 10 μm or less, it has little effect on the engine, and 1 μm. If it is fine to the extent, there is no effect. Even the method of Patent Document 1 described above has not been proposed until ultra-miniaturization of 10 μm or less to about 1 μm can be industrially achieved.

  In the heavy oil emulsion fuel production system and production method according to the present invention, when at least water is mixed with heavy oil to make an emulsion fuel, the residue and slurry of the heavy fuel are ultrafine to 10 μm or less to about 1 μm. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a heavy oil emulsion fuel that reduces engine damage, clogging of fuel nozzles, and the like.

  A heavy oil emulsion fuel production system according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a heavy oil supply unit, and a first vibrator for pulverizing a residue or the like in the heavy oil supplied from the heavy oil supply unit. A first mixing unit provided; a filtration unit that filters heavy oil that has been remixed with a residue that has been pulverized in the first mixing unit; a water supply unit; A premixing unit in which the quality oil and water from the water supply unit are premixed, and a second mixing unit including a second vibrator for pulverizing the mixed liquid premixed in the premixing unit. The heavy oil is refined and pulverized in the first mixing part, and the emulsion fuel is produced in the second mixing part.

  In the heavy oil emulsion fuel production system according to claim 2 of the present invention, the first vibrator and the second vibrator provided in the first mixing section and the second mixing section are liquids to be mixed respectively. A vibrating body disposed so as to be in contact with the vibrating body, a vibration generating unit that vibrates the vibrating body at a high frequency, and a reflector disposed so as to face the vibrating body with a narrow space therebetween.

  The heavy oil emulsion fuel production system according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized by comprising a waste edible oil supply unit connected to the first mixing unit for supplying waste edible oil.

  In the production of emulsion fuel by mixing heavy oil and water, the first mixing tank is used for the heavy oil at the stage before mixing with water, and the first vibrator mounted is used to make a narrow gap. Residues are pulverized using ultrasonic cavitation, and after this, heavy oil and water are mixed, and then the second mixing tank is used to ultrasonically use the second vibrator mounted in a narrow gap. By emulsifying using cavitation, it prevents fine residues from entering the fuel and prevents clogging of the fuel injection nozzle due to residues and slurries, excessive wear on the cylinder liner, and wear due to adhesion. As a result, the reliability of diesel engines and the stable operation at low cost can be secured.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. A heavy oil emulsion fuel production system 10 according to the present invention includes a heavy oil tank 11, an oil property adjustment unit 12, a water supply unit 13, and an emulsion fuel production unit 14 as main components. The emulsion fuel produced by such a configuration is supplied to the diesel engine 15, and A heavy oil is further supplied from the A heavy oil tank 16 to the diesel engine 15.

  An inlet filter 17 is provided at the inlet of the heavy oil tank 11, and a heavy oil thermometer 18 is further provided. A separator 19 is provided at the bottom of the heavy oil tank 11, and a heavy oil tank drain valve 20 and a heavy oil supply pump 21 are provided at the bottom.

  In the oil property adjusting unit 12, a heater 23 and a thermometer 24 are provided in a heavy oil supply pipe 22 connected to the heavy oil supply pump 21, and a first mixing tank 26 is further connected via a flow rate adjusting valve 25. Is provided. A first vibrator 27 is provided in the first mixing tank 26. A drain valve 36, a filter 28, a drain tank 29 as a drain receiver for residues, etc., and a flow meter 30 are connected to the first mixing tank 26.

  The emulsion fuel production unit 14 includes a premixing device 31 connected to the filter 28 of the oil property adjusting unit 12, and a second mixing connected to the premixing tank 31 via a pressure gauge 32 and a flow rate adjusting valve 33. The tank 34 has a second vibrator 35 provided in the second mixing tank 34, and the second mixing tank 34 further includes a drain valve 37, an emulsion fuel supply pump 38, a flow meter 39, and a thermometer 40. It is connected. The emulsion fuel production unit 14 is provided with a control device that receives information from measurement sensors such as temperature and flow rate and controls each pump, valve, and device.

  The water supply unit 13 includes a water supply port 42, a valve 43, and a water supply pump 44, and is joined to the heavy oil supply pipe 22 before the premixing tank 31 of the emulsion production unit 14. The valve 43 may have a function of adjusting the flow rate of water and the system pressure as a regulator.

  The diesel engine 15 includes a diesel service tank 45, a valve 46, a diesel engine 47, and a diesel engine control device 48. The emulsion fuel from the emulsion fuel production unit 14 is supplied to the diesel engine 47 via the diesel service tank 45. The return fuel returns to the diesel service tank 45, and the switching between the emulsion fuel and the A heavy oil is performed by operating the valve 46.

  Note that the first mixing tank 26 provided with the first vibrator 27 of the oil property adjusting unit 12 and the second mixing tank 34 provided with the second vibrator 35 of the emulsion fuel production unit 14 are mixed. A structure including a vibrating body arranged so as to be in contact with the liquid to be oscillated, a vibration generating device that vibrates the vibrating body at high frequency, and a reflector facing the vibrating body with a narrow space therebetween, The apparatus introduced in Patent Document 1 is a typical configuration. When the target is oil, an insoluble liquid is diffused and mixed in the oil by high-frequency vibration of the vibrating body to generate an ultrafine atomized and high mixed density emulsion fuel.

  The operation of the heavy oil emulsion fuel production system 10 according to the present invention described above will now be described.

  When heavy oil is injected into the heavy oil tank 11, residues and foreign matters having a coarse particle diameter are removed by the inlet filter 17. Then, heavy oil and fine residues, FCC catalyst particles and solids are separated by a separator 19 at the bottom of the heavy oil tank 11 by a method such as a mass difference due to gravity, and the residues are discharged to the outside through the valve 20. The The heavy oil is sent to the oil property adjusting unit 12 at the next stage by the heavy oil supply pump 21.

  In the oil property adjusting unit 12, the heavy oil sent from the heavy oil tank 11 is first heated by the heater 23 to lower the kinematic viscosity and improve the fluidity. The heater 23 may be configured to be integrated with the heavy oil tank 11 and heated in the tank. In addition, the heater 23 calculates the necessary heating temperature from the temperature of the heavy oil thermometer 18 based on the heavy oil data, calculates the necessary heating temperature, and heats the heavy oil temperature after heating. It grasps with the thermometer 24 and controls a heating amount and ON / OFF.

  The heated heavy oil is supplied to the first mixing tank 26 through the heavy oil supply pipe 22 and the flow rate adjustment valve 25. In the first mixing tank 26, the residue is already removed by the separator 19 of the heavy oil tank 11, but the remaining residue / slurry and the like are finely pulverized. In this refinement and pulverization process, the first vibrator 27 provided in the first mixing tank 26 is used to pulverize the residue, slurry, and the like remaining ultrafinely by ultrasonic cavitation in a narrow gap.

  In this way, the remaining residue / slurry and the like are refined and pulverized in the previous stage of the fuel mixing in the subsequent stage, thereby preventing the effective extraction of the effective fuel, the property reforming process, and the fuel mixing of the fine residue. . As a result, it is possible to ensure the reliability of the diesel engine and stable operation at low cost by preventing clogging of the fuel injection nozzle due to residues and slurry, excessive wear of the cylinder liner, and wear due to adhesion. Note that the crushed residue from the first mixing tank 26 is discharged to the drain tank 29 via the mixing tank drain valve 36 and separated and recovered from the fuel.

  The heavy oil processed in the 1st mixing tank 26 is sent to the filter 28, and filters a further fine residue. The filter 28 can use various methods such as centrifugation, adsorption filtration, and filters. The residue from the filter 28 is discharged to the drain tank 29.

  The filtered heavy oil is supplied to the premixing device 31 of the emulsion fuel production unit 14, and water is further supplied to the premixing device 14 from the water supply unit 13. In the premixing device 31, water and heavy oil are premixed to a certain degree of fine particles (about 10 μ to several hundred μ) and supplied to the second mixing tank 34. The heavy oil and water are emulsified in the second mixing tank 34 by the cavitation generated in the narrow gap using the second vibrator 35 to make the fuel particles ultrafine (from nano to several microns), and the residue The fuel property is reformed by pulverizing the slurry and the slurry and the emulsion fuel is supplied to the diesel engine 15.

  The diesel engine 15 needs to be switched to heavy fuel oil A during start-up warming or before operation stop to protect the engine and achieve stable combustion at low output, and to heavy oil emulsion fuel during steady operation after warming up. The control device 41 and the diesel engine control device 49 are connected, the operation state of the diesel engine 15 is grasped, the valve 46 is controlled as necessary, and the fuel is switched from the A heavy oil tank 16 via the A heavy oil supply pump 49.

  The fuel needs to be mixed with fuel and water at an optimal mixing ratio according to the required environmental application standards and heavy oil properties. Therefore, the control device 41 knows the kinematic viscosity from each temperature and flow rate, and determines the level from the kinematic viscosity. Heavy oil supply pump 21, water supply pump 44, A heavy oil supply pump 49, emulsion fuel supply pump 38, heater 23, first vibrator 27, second vibrator 35, flow rate adjustment The valve 33 is controlled and the flow rate is adjusted to keep the mixing ratio constant.

  In this way, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel production system 1, NOx and soot can be reduced by the water emulsion fuel even in a diesel engine not equipped with an expensive three-fluid layered injection nozzle and fuel injection electronic control. Further, the first mixing tank 26 provided with the first vibrator 27 in the oil property adjusting unit 12 and the second mixing tank 34 provided with the second vibrator 35 in the emulsion fuel production unit 14 provide a heavy oil residue / The reforming function that removes and pulverizes the slurry can prevent clogging of the fuel injection nozzle due to residues and slurry, excessive wear of the cylinder liner, and wear due to adhesion, making it easier to obtain and lower cost fuel. Switching is now possible. There are significant effects such as low-cost operation, stable supply, and improved reliability.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which only heavy oil is supplied to the first mixing tank 26 has been described, but in addition to the heavy oil, waste cooking oil and B / C heavy oil are also supplied to the first mixing tank 26. It is also possible to supply a mixture of waste cooking oil. By providing the first mixing tank 26 provided with the first vibrator 27, even when waste cooking oil is mixed in addition to heavy oil, residues and the like can be finely pulverized, and a high-quality emulsion It became possible to provide fuel.

The block diagram which shows one Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Heavy oil emulsion fuel manufacturing system, 11 ... Heavy oil tank, 12 ... Oil property adjustment part, 13 ... Water supply part, 14 ... Emulsion fuel manufacturing part, 15 ... Diesel engine, 16 ... A heavy oil tank, 17 ... Inlet filter, 18 ... heavy oil thermometer, 19 ... separator, 20 ... heavy oil tank drain valve, 21 ... heavy oil supply pump, 22 ... heavy oil piping, 23 ... heater, 24, 40 ... thermometer , 25 ... Flow rate adjusting valve, 26 ... First mixing tank, 27 ... First vibrator, 28 ... Filter, 29 ... Drain tank, 30, 39 ... Flow meter, 31 ... Premixing device, 32 ... Pressure gauge, 33 ... Flow rate adjusting valve, 34 ... Second mixing tank, 35 ... Second vibrator, 36, 37 ... Drain valve, 38 ... Emulsion fuel supply pump, 41 ... Control device, 42 ... Water supply port, 43, 46 ... Valve, 44 ... Water supply pump, 45 ... Dise Service tank, 47 ... diesel engine, 48 ... diesel engine control device, 49 ... A heavy oil feed pump.

Claims (3)

  A heavy oil supply unit, a first mixing unit including a first vibrator for pulverizing residues in heavy oil supplied from the heavy oil supply unit, and a pulverization process in the first mixing unit Pre-mixed in which the heavy oil filtered by the filtration unit, the water supply unit, the heavy oil filtered by the filtration unit and the water from the water supply unit are premixed And a second mixing unit provided with a second vibrator for pulverizing the mixed liquid premixed in the premixing unit, and the heavy oil is refined and pulverized in the first mixing unit Then, the heavy oil emulsion fuel production system is characterized in that the emulsion fuel is produced in the second mixing section.   The first vibrating body and the second vibrating body provided in the first mixing section and the second mixing section are each a vibrating body arranged so as to be in contact with the liquid to be mixed, and vibrates the vibrating body at high frequency. A heavy oil emulsion fuel production system comprising: a vibration generating unit; and a reflector disposed so as to face the vibrating body with a narrow space therebetween.   The heavy oil emulsion fuel production system according to claim 1, further comprising a waste cooking oil supply unit that is connected to the first mixing unit and supplies waste cooking oil.

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