JP2009153296A - Variable magnetic flux drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a variable magnetic flux drive system which employs a variable magnetic flux motor, capable of variably controlling the magnetic flux and achieves a highly efficient system preventing loss even when a product or a device employing a self variable magnetic flux motor has plural operation modes with different torque and revolutions per minute. <P>SOLUTION: The variable magnetic flux motor drive system includes: a variable magnetic flux motor 1 with a variable magnet as a permanent magnet of a low coercive force; an inverter 4 for driving the variable magnetic flux motor 1; an inverter 4 as a magnetization unit for supplying a magnetization current for controlling the magnetic flux of the variable magnet; an operation mode control section 20, which selects one operation mode out of plural operation modes; and a magnetic flux command calculation section 31, which calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode control section 20 and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value. The inverter 4 controls the magnetic flux of the variable magnet by supplying the magnetization current corresponding to the magnetic flux command generated by the magnetic flux command calculation section 31. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable magnetic flux drive system including a variable magnetic flux motor having a variable magnet and an inverter for driving the variable magnetic flux motor.

  Instead of conventional induction motors (IM motors), permanent magnet synchronous motors (PM motors), which are excellent in efficiency and can be expected to be reduced in size and noise, are becoming popular. For example, PM motors are increasingly used as drive motors for railway vehicles and electric vehicles.

  The IM motor has a technical problem that a loss occurs due to the excitation current flowing because the magnetic flux itself is generated by the excitation current from the stator.

  On the other hand, since the PM motor is a motor that includes a permanent magnet in the rotor and outputs torque using the magnetic flux, there is no such problem that the IM motor has. However, the PM motor generates an induced voltage (back electromotive voltage) corresponding to the rotational speed because of its permanent magnet. In application fields with a wide rotation range such as railway vehicles and automobiles, it is a condition that the inverter that drives and controls the PM motor is not destroyed (due to overvoltage) by the induced voltage generated at the maximum rotation speed. In order to satisfy this condition, the withstand voltage of the inverter needs to be sufficiently high, or conversely, it is necessary to limit the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet provided in the motor. The former often affects the power supply side, and the latter is often selected. If the amount of magnetic flux in that case is compared with the amount of magnetic flux of the IM motor (in the case of an IM motor, the amount of gap magnetic flux created by the excitation current), there are cases where it becomes about 1: 3. In this case, in order to generate the same torque, it is necessary to flow a large (torque) current in a PM motor with a small amount of magnetic flux. Therefore, when the current that outputs the same torque is compared between the IM motor and the PM motor in the low speed range, the PM motor needs to pass a larger current.

  For this reason, the current capacity of the inverter that drives the PM motor is increased as compared with the IM motor. Furthermore, since the switching frequency of the switching element in the inverter is generally high at low speed and the loss generated increases depending on the current value, a large loss and heat generation occur at low speed in the PM motor.

  A train or the like may be expected to be cooled by traveling wind, and if a large loss occurs at a low speed, the inverter device becomes large due to the necessity of improving the cooling capacity. Conversely, when the induced voltage is high, field-weakening control is performed. In this case, the efficiency is reduced by superimposing the excitation current.

  Thus, the PM motor has advantages and disadvantages due to the inherent magnet. As a motor, the benefits are significant, leading to loss reduction and miniaturization. On the other hand, in the case of variable speed control such as trains and electric cars, there are operating points that are less efficient than conventional IM motors. Exists. Further, since the current capacity and the loss increase for the inverter, the device size increases. Since the efficiency of the system itself is dominant on the motor side, the overall efficiency is improved by the application of the PM motor. On the other hand, an increase in the size of the inverter is a disadvantage of the system, which is not preferable.

  Patent Document 1 describes an AC motor for driving an electric vehicle that increases system efficiency by operating a motor and an inverter with high efficiency in both low output operation and high output operation. This electric motor for driving an electric vehicle generates a field magnetic flux by a magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet embedded in a field magnetic pole and, if necessary, a magnetic flux generated by an exciting coil, and a field magnetic flux generation source is made permanent according to the output of the electric motor. While switching to only a magnet and both a permanent magnet and an exciting coil, an exciting current is supplied via a rotary transformer.

  Therefore, since this AC electric motor for driving an electric vehicle can be operated only by a permanent magnet at the time of low output, for example, according to the motor output, the driving efficiency is improved. In addition, since the motor voltage in the low speed region of the motor can be increased, the current can be reduced, and the copper loss of the motor windings and the loss generated by the inverter can be reduced to improve the system efficiency. In particular, this effect is significant for an electric vehicle that is often driven in a low / medium speed range, and it is possible to improve the current utilization efficiency and extend the travel distance of one charge.

Further, since the AC motor for driving an electric vehicle does not demagnetize the permanent magnet, the inverter control is simplified, and an abnormal overvoltage does not occur, and the device can be protected. Further, the rotary transformer can be reduced in size by operating at a high frequency, and the motor or the entire system can be reduced in size and weight.
JP-A-5-304752

  However, any device / product usually has a plurality of operation modes having different torques and rotational speeds. Under these different conditions, it is difficult for the conventional PM motor using a constant permanent magnet magnetic flux to maintain the optimum state for all the conditions. Cause problems.

  On the other hand, there is a variable magnetic flux drive system that can make the magnetic flux variable by the current from the inverter. Since this system can change the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, an improvement in efficiency can be expected as compared with a conventional magnet-fixed PM motor drive system. Moreover, when a magnet is unnecessary, it is also possible to suppress an induced voltage as much as possible by reducing the amount of magnetic flux.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art using a variable magnetic flux drive system. A product / apparatus that applies a variable magnetic flux motor that can variably control magnet magnetic flux and applies its own variable magnetic flux motor is disclosed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a variable magnetic flux motor drive system capable of realizing a highly efficient system with reduced loss even when a plurality of operation modes having different torques and rotational speeds are provided.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the present invention includes a permanent magnet motor having a variable magnet that is a permanent magnet having a low holding force, an inverter that drives the permanent magnet motor, and the variable magnet. A magnetizing unit that supplies a magnetizing current for controlling magnetic flux, an operation mode management unit that selects one operation mode from a plurality of operation modes, and the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit. A magnetic flux command calculation unit that calculates a target magnetic flux value and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value, and the magnetization unit generates a magnetization current according to the magnetic flux command generated by the magnetic flux command calculation unit. It supplies and controls the magnetic flux of the said variable magnet, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to the present invention, even when the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is applied to an apparatus having a plurality of operation modes having different torques and rotational speeds, the optimum magnetic flux value is selected for each operation mode to increase the efficiency of the system. And noise suppression.

  Embodiments of a variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Before describing FIG. 1, a variable magnetic flux motor as a permanent magnet synchronous motor will be described.

  An image of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is shown in FIG. The stator side may be considered the same as a conventional motor. On the rotor 51 side, as permanent magnets, there are a fixed magnet FMG whose magnetic flux density is fixed and a variable magnet VMG whose magnetic flux density is variable. The conventional PM motor is only the former fixed magnet FMG, whereas the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is characterized in that the variable magnet VMG is provided.

  Here, description is added about a fixed magnet and a variable magnet. A permanent magnet maintains a magnetized state in the state where no current flows from the outside, and the magnetic flux density does not change strictly under any condition. Even a conventional PM motor is demagnetized by passing an excessive current through an inverter or the like, or magnetized in reverse. Therefore, the permanent magnet means that the amount of magnetic flux is not constant and the magnetic flux density is not substantially changed by a current supplied from an inverter or the like in a state close to normal rated operation. On the other hand, the above-described permanent magnet having a variable magnetic flux density, that is, a variable magnet refers to a magnet whose magnetic flux density changes due to a current that can be passed through an inverter or the like even under the above operating conditions.

  Such a variable magnet can be designed within a certain range depending on the material and structure of the magnetic material. For example, recent PM motors often use neodymium (NdFeB) magnets with a high residual magnetic flux density Br. In the case of this magnet, since the residual magnetic flux density Br is as high as about 1.2 T, it is possible to output a large torque with a small device size, and it is suitable for a hybrid vehicle HEV or a train that requires a high output and a small motor. . In the case of a conventional PM motor, it is a requirement that it is not demagnetized by a normal current. However, this neodymium magnet (NdFeB) has a very high holding force Hc of about 1000 kA / m. It is an optimal magnetic material. This is because a magnet having a large residual magnetic flux density and a large coercive force is selected for the PM motor.

  Here, a magnetic material such as Alnico AlNiCo (Hc = 60 to 120 kA / m) or FeCrCo magnet (Hc = about 60 kA / m) having a high residual magnetic flux density and a small coercive force Hc is used as a variable magnet. The magnetic flux density (magnetic flux amount) of the neodymium magnet is almost constant due to the normal amount of current (meaning the amount of current flowing when the conventional PM motor is driven by the inverter), and the magnetic flux of a variable magnet such as an Alnico AlNiCo magnet The density (magnetic flux amount) is variable. Strictly speaking, since the neodymium magnet is used in the reversible region, the magnetic flux density fluctuates within a very small range, but returns to the original value when the inverter current disappears. On the other hand, since the variable magnet is used up to the irreversible region, the initial value is not obtained even if the inverter current is lost.

  FIG. 2 is a model of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 as a simple image. In the same figure, the amount of magnetic flux of the alnico magnet which is the variable magnet VMG is almost zero in the Q-axis direction only by changing the amount in the D-axis direction.

  FIG. 3 shows a specific configuration example of the variable magnetic flux motor 1. The rotor (rotor) 51 has a configuration in which a high coercivity permanent magnet 54 such as a neodymium magnet (NdFeB) and a low coercivity permanent magnet 53 such as an alnico magnet (AlNiCo) are combined in a rotor core 52. It is. The low coercive force permanent magnets 53 that are the variable magnets VMG are disposed on both sides of the magnetic pole part 55 of the rotor core 52 in the radial direction in the boundary area with the adjacent magnetic pole part 55. The high coercive force magnet 54 that is the fixed magnet FMG is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the diameter in the magnetic pole portion 55 of the rotor core 52. With this structure, the low coercive force permanent magnet 53, which is the variable magnet VMG, is magnetized by the D-axis current without being affected by the Q-axis current because the Q-axis direction and the magnetization direction thereof are orthogonal to each other.

  FIG. 4 illustrates the BH characteristics (magnetic flux density-magnetization characteristics) of the fixed magnet and the variable magnet. FIG. 5 shows only the second quadrant of FIG. 4 in a quantitatively correct relationship. In the case of a neodymium magnet and an Alnico magnet, there is no significant difference between their residual magnetic flux densities Br1 and Br2, but for the coercive forces Hc1 and Hc2, Hc1 of the Alnico magnet (AlNiCo) is equal to Hc2 of the neodymium magnet (NdFeB). From 1/15 to 1/8, the Hc1 of the FeCrCo magnet is 1/15.

  In the conventional PM motor drive system, the magnetization region due to the output current of the inverter is sufficiently smaller than the coercive force of the neodymium magnet (NdFeB), and is utilized in the reversible range of its magnetization characteristics. However, since the coercive force of the variable magnet is small as described above, it can be used in the irreversible region (even if the current is zero, it does not return to the magnetic flux density B before the current application) in the inverter output current range. Thus, the magnetic flux density (magnetic flux amount) can be made variable.

An equivalent simple model of the dynamic characteristics of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is shown in equation (1). The model is a model on the DQ axis rotational coordinate system in which the D axis is given as the magnet magnetic flux direction and the Q axis is perpendicular to the D axis.

  Here, R1: winding resistance, Ld: D-axis inductance, Lq: Q-axis inductance, Φfix: amount of magnetic flux of the fixed magnet, Φvar: amount of magnetic flux of the variable magnet, and ω1: inverter frequency.

  A variable magnetic flux motor drive system shown in FIG. 1 includes a variable magnetic flux motor 1, current detectors 2a and 2b, a DC power supply 3, an inverter 4 that converts DC power into AC power, a coordinate converter 5, a PWM circuit 6, and a coordinate converter. 7, pseudo-differentiator 8, voltage command calculation unit 10, current reference calculation unit 11, rotation speed command calculation unit 12, rotation speed controller 14, rotation angle sensor 18, operation mode management unit 20, magnetization mode management unit 22, magnetic flux The command calculation unit 31 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33 are configured.

  Here, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system can be divided into a main circuit and a control circuit. The DC power supply 3, the inverter 4, the variable magnetic flux motor 1, current detectors 2a and 2b for detecting the motor current, and the rotation angle sensor 18 for detecting the rotation angle of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 constitute a main circuit. Shall. Also, the coordinate conversion unit 5, the PWM circuit 6, the coordinate conversion unit 7, the pseudo-differentiator 8, the voltage command calculation unit 10, the current reference calculation unit 11, the rotation number command calculation unit 12, the rotation number controller 14, and the operation mode management unit 20, the magnetization mode management unit 22, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31, and the magnetization current command calculation unit 33 constitute a control circuit.

  The variable magnetic flux motor 1 corresponds to the permanent magnet motor of the present invention, and has a variable magnet (for example, an alnico magnet) that is a permanent magnet having a low holding force.

  The inverter 4 drives the variable magnetic flux motor 1. That is, the inverter 4 converts DC power from the DC power source 3 into AC power and supplies the AC power to the variable magnetic flux motor 1. The currents Iu and Iw supplied to the variable magnetic flux motor 1 are detected by the current detectors 2a and 2b, input to the coordinate conversion unit 7, and converted into the D-axis current Id and the Q-axis current Iq by the coordinate conversion unit 7. Is input to the voltage command calculation unit 10. The inverter 4 also corresponds to the magnetization unit of the present invention and supplies a magnetization current for controlling the magnetic flux of the variable magnet of the variable magnetic flux motor 1.

  The DC power supply 3 may be a secondary battery that supplies DC power to the inverter 4. When the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle or the like, the DC power source 3 is considered to be a secondary battery.

  Further, the rotor rotation angle of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is detected by the rotation angle sensor 18 and output to the pseudo differentiator 8.

  Next, the control circuit will be described. The input here is the operation command Run *. This operation command Run * is an operation request for the variable magnetic flux motor 1, and is output by an appropriate means.

  The operation mode management unit 20 selects one operation mode from a plurality of operation modes based on the operation command Run * and the rotor rotation frequency ωR. Here, the pseudo-differentiator 8 outputs the rotor rotation frequency ωR obtained by differentiating the angle detected by the rotation angle sensor 18 to the rotation speed controller 14, the voltage command calculation unit 10, and the operation mode management unit 20. To do. The operation mode management unit 20 can recognize the output frequency of the inverter 4 based on the rotor rotation frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8. Further, the operation mode management unit 20 outputs the selected operation mode to the rotation speed command calculation unit 12 and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 and outputs the gate command Gst to the PWM circuit 6. Further, the operation mode management unit 20 sets a “magnetization request” flag and outputs it to the magnetization mode management unit 22 when magnetization is required when changing the operation mode.

  The rotation speed command calculation unit 12 calculates the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. Output to.

  Based on the rotational speed command output by the rotational speed command calculation unit 12 and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to have a desired torque. The torque command Tm * generated is output.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20, and generates a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value. The inverter 4 that is a magnetizing unit supplies a magnetizing current corresponding to the magnetic flux command generated by the magnetic flux command calculating unit 31 to control the magnetic flux of the variable magnet.

  Specifically, the operation mode management unit 20 selects an operation mode corresponding to a change in required magnetic flux with respect to the current variable magnetic flux or total magnetic flux (fixed magnet magnetic flux + variable magnet magnetic flux). Generally, the following magnetic flux changes are required. However, this is only an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.

  First, when the rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 increases, the operation mode management unit 20 selects an operation mode for decreasing the variable magnet magnetic flux. The variable magnetic flux motor 1 has a higher back electromotive voltage as the rotational speed is higher. Therefore, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 outputs a magnetic flux command Φ * for lowering the magnetic flux based on the operation mode, and lowers the back electromotive voltage.

  Next, when an operation mode that requires an increase in torque is selected, the variable magnet magnetic flux is lowered. Since the variable magnetic flux motor 1 has a higher motor terminal voltage as the torque becomes higher, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 outputs a magnetic flux command Φ * for lowering the magnetic flux based on the operation mode, and lowers the terminal voltage.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 is based on at least one of efficiency improvement information, safety improvement information, and noise improvement information of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20. A magnetic flux value corresponding to the magnetic flux value can also be generated by calculating the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet. In this case, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 has at least one of efficiency improvement information, safety improvement information, and noise improvement information of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in advance, and is optimal for the selected operation mode. This is used when calculating a simple magnetic flux value.

  Based on the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and the magnetic flux command Φ * output from the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31, the current reference calculation unit 11 calculates the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR. Is calculated. Here, the general formula of torque is the following formula, which is determined by solving Id and Iq.

Torque = φ × Iq + (Ld−Lq) × Id × Iq (2)
Here, φ indicates the total magnetic flux (= fixed magnet magnetic flux + variable magnet magnetic flux). Ld is a D-axis inductance, and Lq is a Q-axis inductance. Therefore, equation (2) is a function of the amount of magnetic flux and torque. Actually, since there is non-linearity between Ld and Lq, the current reference calculation unit 11 obtains Id and Iq by having table data corresponding to torque and magnetic flux. At that time, the current reference calculation unit 11 selects a relationship such that a predetermined torque can be obtained with a minimum current value (√ (Id ² + Iq ² )).

  The magnetizing current command calculating unit 33 calculates a necessary magnetizing current based on the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and the magnetic flux command Φ * output from the magnetic flux command calculating unit 31, and the magnetizing current command IdM and IqM are generated. In general, the magnetization current depends on the past magnetization history up to that of the variable magnet. Therefore, the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33 can calculate a necessary magnetizing current by having, as table information, a magnetizing current for a past magnetization history and a required magnetic flux, for example. The magnetization current command calculation unit 33 calculates a magnetization current target value IdM * based on the current magnetic flux command Φ * and the magnetization characteristics of the variable magnet, and outputs it to the magnetization mode management unit 22. In order to flow the magnetizing current, it is necessary to flow at high speed and with high accuracy, so that it may be realized by a hysteresis comparator or the like instead of PI control.

  Based on the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR calculated by the current reference calculation unit 11, the voltage command calculation unit 10 determines the current so that the D-axis current Id and the Q-axis current Iq match the reference. DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * are calculated and generated so as to flow. At that time, the voltage command calculation unit 10 performs PI control on the current deviation to obtain a DQ axis voltage command.

  Here, when magnetizing, the inverter 4 which is a magnetizing portion needs to allow an excessive magnetization current to flow through the variable magnetic flux motor 1 with high accuracy in a short time. The PI control by the voltage command calculation unit 10 described above is not sufficiently responsive, and it may be difficult to flow an excessive magnetizing current through the variable magnetic flux motor 1 with high accuracy in a short time. Therefore, the voltage command calculation unit 10 is, for example, based on the magnetization current calculated by the magnetization current command calculation unit 33 so that the respective D-axis current Id and Q-axis current Iq match, The DQ axis voltage command can also be calculated using an instantaneous comparison control method.

  When the magnetization mode flag is set by the magnetization mode management unit 22, the voltage command calculation unit 10 generates the D-axis magnetization current command IdM and the Q-axis magnetization current command IqM generated by the magnetization current command calculation unit 33. Based on the above, the DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * are calculated and generated so that the current flows so that the D axis current Id and the Q axis current Iq coincide with the command.

  The coordinate conversion unit 5 performs coordinate conversion of the D-axis voltage command Vd * and the Q-axis voltage command Vq * output from the voltage command calculation unit 10 into three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw *, and the PWM circuit 6 Output to. The PWM circuit 6 performs on / off control of the switching element of the inverter 4 based on the gate command Gst output by the operation mode management unit 20 and the input three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw *.

  When magnetizing the variable magnet based on the operation mode, the magnetization mode management unit 22 outputs various flags so that the magnetization current can be controlled at an appropriate timing. The detailed operation of the magnetization mode management unit 22 will be described later.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. First, a case where magnetization is not required will be described. The input here is the operation command Run *. The operation mode management unit 20 selects one operation mode from a plurality of operation modes based on the input operation command Run *.

  The rotation speed command calculation unit 12 calculates the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. Output to.

  Based on the rotational speed command output by the rotational speed command calculation unit 12 and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to have a desired torque. The torque command Tm * generated is output.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20, and generates a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value.

  Based on the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and the magnetic flux command Φ * output from the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31, the current reference calculation unit 11 calculates the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR. Is calculated.

  Based on the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR calculated by the current reference calculation unit 11, the voltage command calculation unit 10 determines the current so that the D-axis current Id and the Q-axis current Iq match the reference. DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * are calculated and generated so as to flow.

  Here, since magnetization is not required, the “magnetization mode” flag by the magnetization mode management unit 22 is L (low). Therefore, the voltage command calculation unit 10 calculates the DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * based on the DQ axis current reference output by the current reference calculation unit 11 instead of the magnetization current command by the magnetization current command calculation unit 33. To generate.

  The coordinate conversion unit 5 performs coordinate conversion of the D-axis voltage command Vd * and the Q-axis voltage command Vq * output from the voltage command calculation unit 10 into three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw *, and the PWM circuit 6 Output to. The PWM circuit 6 performs on / off control of the switching element of the inverter 4 based on the gate command Gst output by the operation mode management unit 20 and the input three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw *.

Next, a case where magnetization is required will be described. FIG. 6 is a time chart showing the state of each part of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system when the magnetization is performed. Up to time t ₀ , the operation is the same as that in the case where the above-described magnetization is not required.

At time t ₀ , the operation mode management unit 20 determines that magnetization is necessary due to a change in the operation mode or the like, and sets a “magnetization request” flag. That is, the operation mode management unit 20 outputs the magnetization request flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization mode management unit 22. At this time, the operation mode management unit 20 may output the “magnetization request” flag in the H (high) state for a moment, and then returns the “magnetization request” flag to the L (low) state and outputs it.

When the magnetization request flag is input, the magnetization mode management unit 22 sets a “magnetization mode” flag and outputs an H (high) magnetization mode flag to the voltage command calculation unit 10. Incidentally, the magnetization mode flag maintains the state of the H (high) to complete the time t ₂ of the magnetization.

  Since the rotation speed command calculation unit 12 and the rotation speed controller 14 perform the same operation as that in the case where magnetization is not required, redundant description is omitted.

  When the magnetization request flag is input, the magnetization mode management unit 22 sets the “magnetization current UP” flag and outputs the magnetization current UP flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization current command calculation unit 33.

The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20, and generates a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value. Here, since the operation mode that requires the magnetization is selected, the magnetic flux command computation unit 31 increases the value of the flux command [Phi * at time t _0.

  The magnetizing current command calculating unit 33 calculates a necessary magnetizing current based on the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and the magnetic flux command Φ * output from the magnetic flux command calculating unit 31, and the magnetizing current command IdM and IqM are generated. Further, the magnetization current command calculation unit 33 calculates a magnetization current target value IdM * based on the current magnetic flux command Φ * and the magnetization characteristics of the variable magnet, and outputs it to the magnetization mode management unit 22.

Here, the magnetization current command computation unit 33, H (high) because the state magnetizing current UP flag of is inputted, the period from time t ₀ to time t _1, the magnetization current command IdM magnetization current or D-axis Is gradually increased from the value of the D-axis current Id at that time toward the magnetizing current target value IdM *. Magnet flux Φ increases due to magnetization based on an increase in D-axis current between times t _{0 and} t ₁ .

  Note that during magnetization (while the “magnetization mode” flag is set), the magnetizing current (D-axis current) flows above the normal value in a short time, and torque fluctuations occur. In order to reduce this torque fluctuation, it is necessary to change the Q-axis current according to the D-axis current. As described above, the torque equation in the motor in which the reluctance torque is generated is expressed by equation (2). The magnetic flux amount Φ is estimated from the D-axis current at that time and the previously known magnetization characteristics. Therefore, the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33 calculates the magnetizing current command IqM that matches the torque command Tm * without torque fluctuation from the estimated Φ, the D-axis current command, and the D-axis inductance Ld and the Q-axis inductance Lq that are motor constants. Is calculated.

For example, when magnetizing with a negative salient pole machine between time t ₀ and time t ₁ , the magnetization current command calculation unit 33 calculates the magnetization current command IqM to increase the Q-axis current. And generate.

  Since the magnetization mode flag is set by the magnetization mode management unit 22, the voltage command calculation unit 10 is based on the D-axis magnetization current command IdM and the Q-axis magnetization current command IqM generated by the magnetization current command calculation unit 33. The DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * are calculated and generated so that the current flows so that the D axis current Id and the Q axis current Iq coincide with the command.

It should be noted that the current reference calculation unit 11 performs the D-axis current reference IdR based on the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and the magnetic flux command Φ * output from the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 at time t ₀ . And the Q-axis current reference IqR. The D-axis current Id and the Q-axis current Iq are controlled to coincide with the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR, respectively, when the magnetization is completed (time t ₂ ).

Next, the magnetization mode management unit 22 monitors the D-axis current Id output from the coordinate conversion unit 7 and the magnetization current target value IdM * output from the magnetization current command calculation unit 33, and the D-axis current Id is magnetized. When the current target value IdM * is reached (time t ₁ ), the “magnetization current UP” flag is lowered to L (low) and the “magnetization current application completion” flag is set to H (high) state.

Here, since the magnetization current application completion flag in the H (high) state is input to the magnetization current command calculation unit 33, the magnetization current, that is, the magnetization current command IdM of the D axis is set to the D axis at the time (t ₁ ). The value is gradually decreased from the value of the current Id toward the D-axis current reference IdR that is a target during normal operation. Also during this period, the Q-axis current is appropriately passed so that no transient torque is generated.

Next, the magnetization mode management unit 22 monitors the D-axis current Id output from the coordinate conversion unit 7 and the D-axis current reference IdR output from the current reference calculation unit 11, and the D-axis current Id becomes the D-axis current. When the reference IdR is reached (time t ₂ ), the “magnetization mode” flag is lowered to L (low) and the “magnetization complete” flag is set to H (high) state.

The variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment completes the magnetization with a above operation, the time t ₂ later becomes the normal control. In the normal control, the voltage command calculation unit 10 is similar to the case where the above-described magnetization is not required, and the voltage command calculation unit 10 is based on the D-axis current reference IdR and the Q-axis current reference IqR calculated by the current reference calculation unit 11. The DQ axis voltage commands Vd * and Vq * are calculated and generated so that the current flows so that the D axis current Id and the Q axis current Iq match the reference.

The variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment, since the magnetic flux Φ at time t ₁ after increased time t ₂ later than the time point t ₀ previously reduces the Q-axis current increasing the D-axis current To keep the torque constant.

  Other operations are the same as those in the case where the above-described magnetization is not required, and redundant description is omitted.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, even when the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is applied to a device having a plurality of operation modes having different torques and rotational speeds, The operation mode management unit 20 selects the operation mode according to the situation, and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 calculates the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the selected operation mode. The magnetic flux value is selected, so that the efficiency of the system and noise suppression can be achieved.

  In particular, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 has any one of the efficiency improvement information, the safety improvement information, and the noise improvement information of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system, and the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20 is set. Accordingly, the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet is calculated based on the above information. That is, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the present embodiment can determine the optimum magnetic flux value according to the operation mode. Here, “optimum” has various indexes, for example, the efficiency of the system, or in some cases, priority is given to efficiency in one mode and noise suppression is given priority in the other mode. Therefore, this system can improve “optimality” suitable for the device to which it is applied.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the configuration of the first embodiment is that a load calculation unit 15 is provided. Further, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the present embodiment is applied to an elevator.

  The load calculation unit 15 calculates the load (riding load) in the elevator car and outputs the calculated load to the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a.

  The operation mode management unit 20a has an operation mode (acceleration mode) for accelerating the elevator, an operation mode (deceleration mode) for decelerating the elevator, and an operation mode (constant speed mode) for operating the elevator at a constant speed. And an operation mode (stop mode) for stopping the elevator.

  That is, in this embodiment, it can be said that at least one of the plurality of operation modes of the operation mode management unit 20a is an operation mode based on at least one of the torque and the rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1. Moreover, since it has a stop mode, it can be said that at least one of the plurality of operation modes of the operation mode management unit 20a is an operation mode based on the operation state or the stop state of the inverter 4.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to not only the operation mode but also the load in the elevator car, and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value.

The rotation speed command calculation unit 12a calculates a target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20a, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. To the operation mode management unit 20a and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 8 is a time chart showing the state of control in an elevator to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied.

  First, in order to move a stopped elevator to another floor, an operation command Run * is input to the operation mode management unit 20a. The operation mode management unit 20a selects an “acceleration mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input operation command Run *. Further, the operation mode management unit 20a outputs the gate command Gst in the H (high) state to the PWM circuit 6 and starts the operation of the inverter 4.

  The rotation speed command calculation unit 12a calculates the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the acceleration mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20a, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. To the operation mode management unit 20a and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a.

  The rotational speed controller 14 makes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 have a desired torque based on the rotational speed command output by the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8. The torque command Tm * generated is output. As shown in FIG. 8, in the acceleration region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled to gradually increase the rotational speed toward the target rotational speed with a predetermined torque.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a is based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20a, the rotation number command output by the rotation number command calculation unit 12a, and the riding load calculated by the load calculation unit 15. A target magnetic flux value is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Specifically, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a uses the input boarding load to determine the necessary torque. This is because when the required torque is large, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a needs to output a large magnetic flux value corresponding to the required torque as the magnetic flux command. In determining the required torque, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a calculates the mass of the motion system and the external force acting on the motion system based on the riding load. Generally, an elevator is designed so that a force is not required at a predetermined riding load by a counterweight, and an external force is required when the riding load increases or decreases. Accordingly, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a determines the necessary torque by calculating the mass of the motion system and the external force acting on the motion system based on the riding load, and also determines the operation mode and the necessary torque (and, if necessary, the rotational speed command). ) To output the optimum magnetic flux command.

  Here, “optimum” can be considered in various cases. For example, the amount of magnetic flux that minimizes loss due to operation and achieves the highest efficiency including the motor and inverter, or the amount of magnetic flux that is quiet. This is the case.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a may use a function or refer to a table as a method of determining the magnetic flux command based on the operation mode and the riding load. The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a may obtain the magnetic flux command by inputting the operation mode, the riding load, and the rotational speed because the rotational speed of the “constant speed mode” to be described later may vary depending on the target floor. . Further, as described above, the boarding load is one element that determines the torque, and therefore the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a may obtain the magnetic flux command with the operation mode, the required torque, and the rotation speed as inputs.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a basically performs control so as to keep the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet constant unless the operation mode is changed. Therefore, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a performs magnetization (change of the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet) only when the operation mode is changed, and after the change of the operation mode is completed, the magnetic flux value set at the time of the previous mode change. The magnetic flux command Φ * is output so that The same applies to the following embodiments.

  Other operations in the acceleration mode are the same as those in the case where the magnetization of the first embodiment is not required, and redundant description is omitted.

The operation mode management unit 20a monitors the rotational speed command output by the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8, and when the predetermined rotational speed is reached ( At time t ₀ ), the constant speed mode is selected and output.

At time t _0, the operation mode management unit 20a determines that the magnetization is required, make a "magnetization request" flag. That is, the operation mode management unit 20a outputs the magnetization request flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization mode management unit 22.

Other operations during the magnetization at time t ₀ are the same as those in the case where the magnetization of the first embodiment is required, and a duplicate description is omitted. However, at time t ₀ , the operation mode is changed from the “acceleration mode” to the “constant speed mode”, so a large torque value is not required and a low torque value may be used. In particular, when the elevator car and the counterweight are balanced, the torque value in the constant speed mode is substantially zero. Moreover, since low torque is sufficient, the said variable magnetic flux motor drive system has a freedom degree in the amount of magnetic fluxes, and can reduce a magnetic flux value and iron loss.

Accordingly, during the magnetization at time t ₀ in the present embodiment, the magnetization current is controlled in a decreasing direction. Therefore, when the magnetization request flag is input, the magnetization mode management unit 22 does not use the “magnetization current UP” flag but “ Set the "magnetization current DOWN" flag. Since the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33 receives the magnetizing current DOWN flag in the H (high) state, the magnetizing current, that is, the D-axis magnetizing current command IdM is set to the value of the D-axis current Id at the time (t ₀ ). To gradually decrease toward the magnetized current target value IdM *.

In this embodiment, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is momentarily magnetized at time t ₀ is reduced the magnetic flux is completed, actually through the same operation as the magnetization is required in Example 1 Yes.

During the time t ₀ -t ₁ , the operation mode management unit 20a selects and outputs the constant speed mode. Therefore, in order to maintain the target rotational speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 in the acceleration mode, the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a sends the corresponding rotational speed command to the rotational speed controller 14, the operation mode management unit 20a, and the magnetic flux command. It outputs to the calculating part 31a.

  Based on the rotational speed command output from the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output from the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to have a predetermined low torque value ( Alternatively, a torque command Tm * generated so as to maintain substantially 0) is output. As shown in FIG. 8, in the constant speed range, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled so as to maintain a predetermined low torque and a predetermined rotation speed.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a is configured to select the operation mode (constant speed mode) selected by the operation mode management unit 20a, the rotation number command output by the rotation number command calculation unit 12a, and the boarding load calculated by the load calculation unit 15. Based on this, the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

Specifically, the magnetic flux command computation unit 31a generates the magnetic flux command [Phi * so as to maintain the magnetic flux value reduced at the time of the magnetization at time t _0.

The operation mode management unit 20a selects and outputs the deceleration mode when the elevator car moves a predetermined distance or when a predetermined time elapses in the constant speed mode (time t ₁ ).

At time t _1, the operation mode management unit 20a determines that the magnetization is required, make a "magnetization request" flag. That is, the operation mode management unit 20a outputs the magnetization request flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization mode management unit 22.

Other operations during the magnetization at time t ₁ are the same as those during the magnetization at time t ₀ , and redundant description is omitted. However, at time t _1, since the operation mode is changed from the "constant speed mode" to the "deceleration mode", and require a predetermined torque value to slow. Note that the torque required for deceleration is opposite in direction of torque and force during acceleration, but the torque in FIG. 8 shows an absolute value, and therefore has a positive value during acceleration and deceleration. Show.

  When the acceleration in the acceleration mode and the deceleration in the deceleration mode are equal, the absolute value of the torque in both modes is the same. However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the absolute value of the torque is larger in the acceleration region than in the deceleration region. For example, when the elevator is raised when the riding load of the elevator car is heavier than the counterweight, the torque value of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 becomes a value as shown in FIG.

Requires a predetermined torque value to slow down, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system, the at the time of the magnetization time t _1, the increase flux value.

At time t ₁ after, the operation mode management unit 20a selects and outputs the deceleration mode. Therefore, the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a sets the target rotational speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to 0, and outputs the rotational speed command to the rotational speed controller 14, the operation mode management unit 20a, and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a.

  The rotational speed controller 14 is based on the rotational speed command targeting the rotational speed 0 output by the rotational speed command calculation unit 12a and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8. Outputs a torque command Tm * generated so as to maintain a torque value required for deceleration. As shown in FIG. 8, in the deceleration range, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled so as to maintain the predetermined torque and gradually decrease the rotational speed.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a is based on the operation mode (deceleration mode) selected by the operation mode management unit 20a, the rotation speed command output by the rotation speed command calculation unit 12a, and the boarding load calculated by the load calculation unit 15. Then, the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Thereafter, when the rotational speed becomes 0 based on the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8, the operation mode management unit 20a selects and outputs the stop mode. Each part of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system stops after performing processing necessary for the stop.

  Other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the “acceleration mode”, “deceleration mode”, “constant speed mode” of the elevator, The magnetic flux value of the variable magnet can be controlled to an appropriate value for the four modes of “stop mode”. Since the operation mode management unit 20a has an operation mode based on the torque or rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1, or the operation state or stop state of the inverter 4, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a determines the optimum magnetic flux value for each operation mode. Thus, the efficiency of the system can be improved.

  Specifically, when torque is not required as in the constant speed mode or the stop mode, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a can reduce the iron loss by suppressing the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet. Also in the acceleration mode and the deceleration mode, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31a takes into account the necessary torque based on the riding load in the elevator car, and sets an appropriate magnetic flux value when the magnetic flux value has a degree of freedom. Therefore, loss can be suppressed and the efficiency of the system can be improved.

  FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the configuration of the second embodiment is that a washing amount calculation unit 16 is provided instead of the load calculation unit 15. In addition, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in this embodiment is applied to a washing machine.

  The washing amount calculation unit 16 calculates the amount of washing (weight) in the washing machine and outputs it to the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b.

  The operation mode management unit 20b includes an operation mode (washing mode) for washing laundry with a washing machine, an operation mode (rinsing mode) for rinsing with the washing machine, and an operation mode for dehydrating with the washing machine. (Dehydration mode) and an operation mode (drying mode) when drying by a washing machine.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b calculates the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet in accordance with not only the operation mode but also the amount (weight) of the laundry stored in the washing machine, and the magnetic flux corresponding to the magnetic flux value Generate directives.

  The rotation speed command calculation unit 12b calculates the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20b, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. And output to the operation mode management unit 20b and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 10 is a time chart showing a control state in the washing machine to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied.

  First, in order to wash the laundry accommodated in the washing machine, the operation command Run * is input to the operation mode management unit 20b. The operation mode management unit 20b selects “washing mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input operation command Run *. Further, the operation mode management unit 20b outputs the gate command Gst in the H (high) state to the PWM circuit 6 and starts the operation of the inverter 4.

  The rotational speed command calculation unit 12b calculates the target rotational speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the washing mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20b, and outputs the rotational speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotational speed controller 14. And output to the operation mode management unit 20b and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b.

  Based on the rotational speed command output from the rotational speed command calculation unit 12b and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output from the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to have a desired torque. The torque command Tm * generated is output.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b is a variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20b, the rotation speed command output by the rotation speed command calculation unit 12b, and the washing amount calculated by the washing amount calculation unit 16. Is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Specifically, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b uses the input amount of washing to determine the necessary torque, and determines an optimum magnetic flux value based on the operation mode and the amount of washing (or the number of rotations if necessary).

  Here, “optimum” can be considered in various cases. For example, the amount of magnetic flux that minimizes loss due to operation and achieves the highest efficiency including the motor and inverter, or the amount of magnetic flux that is quiet. This is the case.

  Similarly to the second embodiment, since the washing amount is an element for determining the torque, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b may obtain the magnetic flux command with the operation mode, the required torque, and the rotation speed as inputs. When obtaining the magnetic flux command, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b may use a function as a method for determining the magnetic flux command based on the operation mode, the washing amount (or necessary torque), and the rotation speed, or refer to the table. May be.

  Other operations in the washing mode are the same as in the case of the second embodiment (for example, the constant speed mode), and a duplicate description is omitted.

Operation mode management unit 20b, when a predetermined time has elapsed that a predetermined (time t _0), and selects and outputs the rinsing mode. It should be noted that, during the period from time t ₀ to time t _1, a mode change to the mode rinse from the washing mode is performed. The operation mode management unit 20b may have a “change mode” for performing a mode change as one of the operation modes.

During the time t ₀ -t ₁ , the operation mode management unit 20 b determines that magnetization is necessary and sets a “magnetization request” flag. In other words, the operation mode management unit 20b outputs the magnetization request flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization mode management unit 22.

  Further, the rotation speed command calculation unit 12b sets the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to a value less than the current rotation speed when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the inverter 4 that is the magnetization section, or Stop. Further, the rotation speed controller 14 sets the target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to a value less than the current torque or near zero when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the inverter 4 that is the magnetizing unit. Torque command Tm * is generated and output. That is, during the mode change, the rotational speed and torque are controlled in the decreasing direction, and during that time, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system performs magnetization (increase or decrease the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet).

  Other operations during the magnetization during the mode change are the same as those during the magnetization of the first and second embodiments, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  Thereafter, the operation mode management unit 20b sequentially shifts the operation mode to the “rinse mode”, “dehydration mode”, and “drying mode” in consideration of the time planned in advance. In addition, during the mode change when changing the operation mode, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system reduces the rotation speed and torque and magnetizes during that time, as in the mode change from the washing mode to the rinsing mode. Do.

  As shown in FIG. 10, each operation mode has a different rotation speed and torque according to the action on the laundry in its own mode. Therefore, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31b is calculated by the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20b and the rotation number command output by the rotation number command calculation unit 12b and the washing amount calculation unit 16 during magnetization during the mode change. Based on the amount of washing performed, a magnetic flux value optimum for the next operation mode is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Other operations are the same as those in the second embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first and second embodiments, the “washing mode”, “rinse mode”, “ The magnetic flux value of the variable magnet can be controlled to an appropriate value for the four modes of “dehydration mode” and “dry mode”.

  In addition, during magnetization, an excessive magnetization current flows, so that the inverter 4 that is a magnetization unit requires a voltage larger than the steady voltage. Therefore, when the rotational speed is high, there is no margin in the output voltage, and it is difficult for the inverter 4 to pass a magnetization current for performing magnetization. Therefore, since the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment performs magnetization after lowering the number of revolutions to make a voltage margin at the time of mode change, it is possible to increase the withstand voltage of the inverter 4 or to input the voltage to the inverter 4. Can be realized at low cost.

  Furthermore, since the magnetization is performed when the torque is 0 (or near zero), the torque shock can be reduced. In the present embodiment, since the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is in a state of the rotational speed 0 where the torque becomes 0 during the mode change, the torque shock at the time of magnetization can be suppressed.

  Further, by suppressing the torque shock, it is possible to reduce the stress applied to the device and parts, improve the life and reliability, and suppress noise.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the configuration of the third embodiment is that a temperature measurement unit 17 is provided instead of the washing amount calculation unit 16. Further, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the present embodiment is applied to an air conditioner.

  The temperature measurement unit 17 measures the outside air temperature and outputs it to the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c.

  The operation mode management unit 20c includes an operation mode (acceleration mode) of acceleration operation when the air conditioner performs rapid cooling and heating, an operation mode (steady mode) of steady operation performed after the air conditioner reaches the target temperature, and an operation mode. And an operation mode (mode change mode) in the case of making a change. Moreover, the operation mode management part 20c may have a stop mode for stopping the inverter 4 and the variable magnetic flux motor 1 when the air conditioner is stopped.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to not only the operation mode but also the outside air temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 17, and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value. .

The rotation speed command calculation unit 12c calculates a target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20c, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. And output to the operation mode management unit 20c and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c.
Other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 12 is a time chart showing a control state in an air conditioner to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the present embodiment is applied.

  First, in order to adjust to the temperature set by the air conditioner, an operation command Run * is input to the operation mode management unit 20c. The operation mode management unit 20c selects an “acceleration mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input operation command Run *. In addition, the operation mode management unit 20 c outputs the gate command Gst in the H (high) state to the PWM circuit 6 and starts the operation of the inverter 4.

  The rotation speed command calculation unit 12c calculates a target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the acceleration mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20c, and outputs a rotation speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotation speed controller 14. And output to the operation mode management unit 20c and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c.

  Based on the rotational speed command output from the rotational speed command calculation unit 12c and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output from the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to have a desired torque. The torque command Tm * generated is output.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c is based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20c, the rotation speed command output by the rotation speed command calculation unit 12c, and the outside air temperature calculated by the temperature measurement unit 17, and A target magnetic flux value is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Specifically, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c uses the input outside air temperature and the set temperature information included in the acceleration mode for determining the necessary torque, and based on the operation mode and the outside air temperature (if necessary, the number of revolutions). Determine the optimum magnetic flux value. For example, when the difference between the set temperature and the outside air temperature of the operation mode (acceleration mode) output by the operation mode management unit 20c is large, high torque and high rotation speed are required, and the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c Accordingly, it is necessary to set the magnetic flux value so that the efficiency is maximized.

  Further, similarly to the third embodiment, the outside air temperature is one element for determining the torque, and therefore the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c may obtain the magnetic flux command with the operation mode, the required torque, and the rotation speed as inputs.

  Other operations in the acceleration mode are the same as those in the case of the third embodiment (for example, the washing mode), and redundant description is omitted.

The operation mode management unit 20c compares the target temperature set by the operation command Run * and the actual temperature (for example, the outside temperature by the temperature measurement unit 17), and when the actual temperature reaches the target temperature (time t ₀ ). Then, the “mode change mode” is selected and output from the plurality of operation modes, and then the “steady mode” is selected and output (time t ₂ ).

The rotation speed command calculation unit 12c sets or stops the target rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to a value less than the current rotation speed when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the inverter 4 that is a magnetizing section. . Further, the rotation speed controller 14 sets the target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to a value less than the current torque or near zero when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the inverter 4 that is the magnetizing unit. Torque command Tm * is generated and output. That is, during the mode-change mode (from time t ₀ to time t _2), the rotational speed and torque is controlled in a decreasing direction, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the meantime, an increase in the flux value of magnetization (variable magnet or Decrease) (time t ₁ ).

Here, FIG. 13 is another example of a time chart showing a control state in an air conditioner to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied. If differs from the FIG. 12, during the mode-change mode (from time t ₀ to time t _2), rotational speed and torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is the point it is zero. In the air conditioner, as shown in FIG. 13, the method of stopping the rotation for a moment when the mode is changed causes a local deterioration of the cooling / heating performance, but rather is effective because it improves the "efficiency" that works globally. The time required for magnetization is at most one second, and no practical problem occurs.

In addition, during the time t ₀ -t ₂ , the operation mode management unit 20 c determines that the magnetization is necessary and sets a “magnetization request” flag. In other words, the operation mode management unit 20c outputs the magnetization request flag in the H (high) state to the magnetization mode management unit 22.

Other operations during the magnetization during the mode change (time t ₁ ) are the same as those during the magnetization of the first to third embodiments, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  While the steady mode is selected, the air conditioner operates to keep the temperature at the set temperature. Therefore, the load is usually light, and the rotation speed command calculation unit 12c keeps the rotation speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 at a predetermined value (a value lower than that in the acceleration mode).

  Thereafter, the operation mode management unit 20c changes the operation mode between the “acceleration mode” and the “steady mode” based on a change in the outside air temperature, a change in the set temperature by an external input, or the like. Further, when changing the operation mode, the “mode change mode” is selected, and the variable magnetic flux motor drive system reduces the rotation speed and torque, and magnetizes during that time.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31c performs the operation mode selected next by the operation mode management unit 20c (the operation mode scheduled to be selected next to the current mode change mode) and the rotational speed command calculation during magnetization during the mode change. Based on the rotational speed command output by the unit 12c and the outside air temperature calculated by the temperature measuring unit 17, the optimum magnetic flux value for the next operation mode is calculated, and the magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated. .

  Other operations are the same as those in the third embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first to third embodiments, the “acceleration mode” and “steady mode” operations of the air conditioner are provided. With respect to the mode, the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet can be controlled to an appropriate value in the “mode change mode”.

  In addition, during magnetization, an excessive magnetization current flows, so that the inverter 4 that is a magnetization unit requires a voltage larger than the steady voltage. Therefore, when the rotational speed is high, there is no margin in the output voltage, and it is difficult for the inverter 4 to pass a magnetization current for performing magnetization. Therefore, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the present embodiment lowers the number of revolutions at the time of mode change, lowers the induced voltage due to the magnet magnetic flux, and performs magnetization after having a voltage margin. It is not necessary to increase the voltage or the voltage input to the inverter 4, and can be realized at low cost.

  Furthermore, since the magnetization is performed when the torque is 0 (or near zero), the torque shock can be reduced. Torque shock due to magnetization can be reduced when the torque current is zero. From equation (2), when Iq is not zero, the reluctance torque varies greatly when Id is increased or decreased. This is because this becomes a torque shock.

  In the present embodiment, since the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is in a state of the rotational speed 0 where the torque becomes 0 during the mode change, the torque shock at the time of magnetization can be suppressed.

  Further, by suppressing the torque shock, it is possible to reduce the stress applied to the device and parts, improve the life and reliability, and suppress noise.

  FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the configuration of the fourth embodiment is that a variable load calculation unit 19 is provided instead of the temperature measurement unit 17 and that a torque command calculation unit 23 and a switch 25 are further provided. Further, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the present embodiment is applied to a train.

  The response load calculation unit 19 calculates the response load (the load of the passengers) on the train vehicle and outputs it to the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d and the torque command calculation unit 23.

  The torque command calculation unit 23 calculates a target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d. The torque command calculation unit 23 sets the target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to a value less than the current torque or near zero when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the inverter 4 that is a magnetizing unit. But you can.

  The switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output by either the torque command calculation unit 23 or the rotation speed controller 14 according to the operation mode selected and output by the operation mode management unit 20d. To the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33.

  The operation mode management unit 20d operates the operation mode (acceleration mode) for accelerating the railway vehicle (train), the operation mode (deceleration mode) for decelerating the railway vehicle, and the operation for operating the railway vehicle at a constant speed. It has a mode (constant speed mode), an operation mode when coasting the railway vehicle (coasting mode), and an operation mode when stopping the railway vehicle (stop mode).

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d calculates the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to the response load calculated by the response load calculation unit 19 (loading load in the railway vehicle) as well as the operation mode. A magnetic flux command corresponding to is generated.

  The pseudo-differentiator 8 differentiates the rotor rotation frequency ωR obtained by differentiating the angle detected by the rotation angle sensor 18 with a rotation speed controller 14, a torque command calculation unit 23, a magnetic flux command calculation unit 31 d, and a voltage command calculation unit 10. And output to the operation mode management unit 20d.

  Other configurations are the same as those in the fourth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 15 is a time chart showing the state of control in a train to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied.

First, in order to accelerate the railway vehicle at time t ₀ , a notch (operation command) based on the operation of the driver is input to the operation mode management unit 20 d. After the same magnetization as in Example 1 is instantaneously performed at time t ₀ , the operation mode management unit 20 d selects an “acceleration mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input notch.

  In the present embodiment, as in the previous embodiments, magnetization is performed when the operation mode is changed, but the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d calculates an optimal magnetic flux value based on various factors. For example, when the maximum torque is required, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d can only output a magnetic flux command corresponding to the maximum magnet magnetic flux. The magnetic flux value can be controlled optimally.

  Generally, when the magnet magnetic flux is increased, the Q-axis current Iq is reduced and the iron loss is increased. Conversely, if the magnet magnetic flux is reduced, the Q-axis current Iq increases and the iron loss decreases. Furthermore, in terms of sound, when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is increased, magnetostriction sound (noise) increases.

  Therefore, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d has at least one of efficiency improvement information, safety improvement information, and noise improvement information of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system in advance based on the information as described above. It is used when calculating the optimum magnetic flux value for the selected operation mode.

  In addition, the operation mode management unit 20 d outputs the gate command Gst in the H (high) state to the PWM circuit 6 and starts the operation of the inverter 4. Further, when the “acceleration mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the torque command calculation unit 23 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33. .

  The notch input to the operation mode management unit 20d includes a notch and a brake notch. The operation mode management unit 20d selects the “acceleration mode” according to the gear notch, and selects the “deceleration mode” according to the brake notch. Depending on the vehicle model, there are 4 notches, 7 brakes, etc. as the number of notches.

  The notch defines a torque pattern depending on the rotational speed and the variable load. However, the notch corresponds to an acceleration command rather than a torque command.

  The torque command calculation unit 23 calculates a target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the acceleration mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d, and outputs a torque command Tm * corresponding to the calculation result to the switch 25. . Specifically, the torque command calculation unit 23 generates a torque command Tm * according to the notch, the rotation speed, and the variable load. In other words, the torque command calculation unit 23 increases or decreases the torque command Tm * with an appropriate load so that acceleration corresponding to the notch is obtained.

  As shown in FIG. 15, in the acceleration region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled so as to gradually increase the rotational speed with a predetermined torque.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d is a variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d, the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8 and the response load calculated by the response load calculation unit 19. Is calculated, and a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated.

  Other operations in the acceleration mode are the same as those in the acceleration mode of the second embodiment, for example, and a duplicate description is omitted.

When a constant speed command is input (time t ₁ ), the operation mode management unit 20d selects and outputs a “constant speed mode” from a plurality of operation modes.

  In the constant speed mode, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 does not require a large torque, but it is necessary to maintain the rotational speed. Therefore, the rotation speed controller 14 outputs the torque command Tm * instead of the torque command calculation unit 23. That is, in the constant speed mode, the rotational speed command calculation unit 12d and the rotational speed controller 14 are effective.

  Therefore, when the “constant speed mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33. To do.

Further, the magnetic flux command computation unit 31d is executed to compute the instantaneous optimum magnetic flux value at time t _1, it performs magnetization by generating a magnetic flux command [Phi * corresponding to the magnetic flux value.

  The rotational speed command calculation unit 12d calculates the target rotational speed of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the constant speed mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d, and outputs the rotational speed command corresponding to the calculation result to the rotational speed controller. 14 for output.

  Based on the rotational speed command output from the rotational speed command calculation unit 12d and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output from the pseudo-differentiator 8, the rotational speed controller 14 causes the variable magnetic flux motor 1 to achieve the target rotational speed (speed). The torque command Tm * generated so as to coincide with is output to the switch 25.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d is a target magnetic flux of the variable magnet based on the constant speed mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d, the response load calculated by the response load calculation unit 19, and the rotation speed if necessary. The value is calculated to generate a magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the magnetic flux value.

  Other operations in the constant speed mode are the same as those in the other embodiments, and redundant description is omitted.

When both the notch and the constant speed command are off (not input), the operation mode management unit 20d selects and outputs the “coasting mode” from the plurality of operation modes (time t ₂ ). This coasting mode is a mode in which a zero torque state of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is created in a state where there is a train speed, and the vehicle travels with inertia.

  In the coasting mode, when the inverter 4 is stopped and the variable magnet has magnetic flux, an induced voltage is generated at the motor terminal. Here, even when the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is in the coasting mode, there is a possibility that the speed of the vehicle may be maintained / increased due to driving or gradient of other motors. In such a case, if the inverter 4 is stopped, the magnetic flux value cannot be controlled, and the induced voltage between the motor terminals increases. If the peak value between the lines of the induced voltage is equal to or greater than the DC voltage value of the inverter 4, a braking force is generated on the variable magnetic flux motor 1, which is not preferable.

  Furthermore, the increased induced voltage may be destroyed by applying an overvoltage higher than the withstand voltage to the inverter 4.

Therefore, the magnetic flux command computation unit 31d performs the magnetization by generating a magnetic flux command [Phi * to the effect of controlling a small amount of magnetic flux instantaneously (or zero) at time t _2. In this embodiment, in coasting from time t ₂ to time t ₃ has, for example, the value of the magnetic flux by stopping the inverter 4 is maintained at zero, solve the problems caused by the induced voltage described above can do.

  Note that when the inverter 4 is stopped in the coasting mode, the torque is zero and the rotation speed is not controlled. Therefore, the output of the torque command Tm * by the rotation speed controller 14 or the torque command calculation unit 23 is unnecessary.

  Further, when the operation of the inverter 4 is continued in the coasting mode, the torque command calculation unit 23 outputs a torque command Tm * for controlling the torque to zero.

  Other operations in the coasting mode are the same as those in the other embodiments, and redundant description is omitted.

For decelerating the railway car at a time t _3, the brake notches based on the operation of the motorman (operation command) is input to the operation mode management unit 20d. After magnetization to the best flux value during deceleration is instantaneously performed at time t _3, the operation mode management unit 20d, based on the input notch, select "deceleration mode" from a plurality of operation modes.

  When the “deceleration mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the torque command calculation unit 23 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33.

  The torque command calculation unit 23 calculates a target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on the deceleration mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20d, and outputs a torque command Tm * corresponding to the calculation result to the switch 25. . Specifically, the torque command calculation unit 23 generates a torque command Tm * according to the notch, the rotation speed, and the variable load. That is, the torque command calculation unit 23 increases or decreases the torque command Tm * with a suitable load so as to obtain a deceleration corresponding to the notch.

  As shown in FIG. 15, in the acceleration region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled so as to gradually decrease the rotational speed with a predetermined torque.

  Other operations in the deceleration mode are the same as those in the deceleration mode of the second embodiment, for example, and a duplicate description is omitted.

Then, at time t ₄ when the rotational speed becomes zero, after the magnetic flux is magnetized to zero or a sufficiently small value by the magnetic flux command computation unit 31d, the operation mode management unit 20d has the "stop mode" from the plurality of operating modes select. Each part of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system stops after performing processing necessary for the stop.

If the inverter 4 fails during startup and cannot be started, the train can accelerate if other drive devices are alive. At this time, if the variable magnet of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 has a magnetic flux value, an induced voltage is generated. Therefore, as in the coasting mode described above, there is a possibility that problems such as braking force and inverter 4 destruction may occur. Further, if the inverter 4 is short-circuited, the short-circuit current continues to flow, and the motor / inverter Burn out. The reason why the magnet magnetic flux value is lowered when the mode is changed to the stop mode (time t ₄ ) is to avoid the above-described problem and to ensure safety.

  When accelerating again, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d outputs a magnetic flux command Φ * indicating that the magnetic flux is again magnetized and the magnetic flux is raised immediately before the acceleration mode is entered.

  Other operations are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments, and a duplicate description is omitted.

FIG. 16 is another example of a time chart showing a control state in a train to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied. The difference from the case of FIG. 15 is that, during the coasting mode (from time t ₂ to time t ₃ ), the magnet magnetic flux value does not become zero but is constant throughout the front and rear constant speed mode and deceleration mode, and the stop in that maintain a small value without the magnet flux to zero even mode (time t ₄ later).

In this case, although the time t ₂ and time t ₃ is a timing for magnetization, in fact, there is no need to perform the magnetization. The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31d may magnetize the magnetic flux to a low value when the mode is changed to the constant speed mode (time t ₁ ).

  FIG. 16 is a diagram assuming a variable magnetic flux motor drive system to which the rotational speed sensorless control is applied. The normal variable magnetic flux motor 1 includes a speed sensor such as a rotation angle sensor 18 at the end of the motor in order to accurately control the generated torque. However, the cost of the sensor and the interface circuit, the motor mounting space, and the number of parts are reduced. In some cases, the rotational speed sensorless control is performed from the viewpoints of reliability due to the above, and the number of wiring fitting man-hours.

  In the rotational speed sensorless control, the rotational speed and the rotational angle are estimated based on an induced voltage proportional to the rotational speed. Therefore, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system to which the rotational speed sensorless control is applied also determines the initial phase based on the induced voltage even when restarting. However, if the magnet magnetic flux is reduced to zero in the coasting mode or the stop mode as shown in FIG. 15, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety at the time of restart without generating an induced voltage.

  Therefore, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system to which the rotational speed sensorless control is applied contributes to safety by maintaining a small magnetic flux value without setting the magnetic flux to zero even in the coasting mode or the stop mode as shown in FIG.

  Further, as described above, there is a case where the inverter 4 is not stopped in the coasting mode. In particular, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system to which the rotation speed sensorless control is applied may not stop the inverter 4 during coasting. Therefore, since the variable magnetic flux motor drive system estimates the magnet magnetic flux direction from the information of the induced voltage, it maintains a small magnetic flux value without causing zero magnetic flux even during coasting.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first to fourth embodiments, the “acceleration mode” and “constant speed” of the train (railway vehicle) are provided. For each operation mode of “mode”, “coating mode”, “deceleration mode”, and “stop mode”, the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet can be controlled to an appropriate value when the operation mode is changed.

  In addition, since the magnetic flux value is set to zero or a small value in the coasting mode and the stop mode that do not require torque, generation of braking force due to induced voltage and overvoltage application to the inverter 4 can be prevented, and iron loss can be reduced. This is effective for both safety and efficiency.

    FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the configuration of the fifth embodiment is that there is no variable load calculation unit 19 and a notch conversion unit 27 is provided between the torque command calculation unit 23 and the operation mode management unit 20e. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system in the present embodiment is applied to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

  The torque command calculation unit 23 calculates a target torque of the variable magnetic flux motor 1 based on an accelerator depression amount or a brake depression amount with respect to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

  Based on the torque command Tm * output from the torque command calculation unit 23, the notch conversion unit 27 classifies the torque in stages and converts it into corresponding notches, and outputs the notch to the operation mode management unit 20e. . The notch referred to in the present embodiment refers to a discrete state quantity like the train notch described in the fifth embodiment.

  In this embodiment, when the accelerator is depressed, P4 from 100% torque to 75% torque, P3 from 75% torque to 50% torque, P2 from 50% torque to 25% torque, and 0 from 25% torque. The torque up to% torque is the four-stage notch of P1.

  Also, when depressing the brake, B1 from 0% torque to -25% torque, B2 from -25% torque to -50% torque, B3 from -50% torque to -75% torque, and -75% torque To -100% torque is the B4 4-stage brake notch.

  Further, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from either the torque command calculation unit 23 or the rotation speed controller 14 according to the operation mode selected and output by the operation mode management unit 20e. To the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33.

  The operation mode management unit 20e defines an operation mode (acceleration mode) for accelerating an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, an operation mode (deceleration mode) for decelerating the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle, and an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. There are an operation mode (constant speed mode) when the vehicle is driven at a high speed and an operation mode (stop mode) when the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle is stopped.

  Furthermore, the operation mode management unit 20e may have an operation mode (coasting mode) when the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle is coasted. Further, the operation mode management unit 20e has “P4 mode”, “P3 mode”, “P2 mode”, and “P1 mode” corresponding to each notch in the acceleration mode. There are “B1 mode”, “B2 mode”, “B3 mode”, and “B4 mode” corresponding to the notch.

  The operation mode management unit 20 e selects an operation mode corresponding to the torque calculated by the torque command calculation unit 23.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the fifth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. FIG. 18 is a time chart showing a control state in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is applied.

  First, the driver steps on the accelerator to accelerate the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle. Here, assuming that the amount of depression of the driver corresponds to 80% torque, the torque command calculation unit 23 outputs the corresponding torque command Tm * to the switch 25 and the notch conversion unit 27.

  Based on the torque command Tm *, the notch conversion unit 27 outputs a notch P4 corresponding to 80% torque to the operation mode management unit 20e.

  The operation mode management unit 20e selects “P4 mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input notch P4.

  In addition, the operation mode management unit 20 e outputs a gate command Gst in the H (high) state to the PWM circuit 6 to start the operation of the inverter 4. Further, when the “P4 mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the torque command calculation unit 23 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33. .

  As shown in FIG. 18, in the P4 region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled to gradually increase the rotational speed with a predetermined torque.

Further, at time t ₀ , assuming that the driver's stepping amount corresponds to 60% torque, the torque command calculation unit 23 outputs the corresponding torque command Tm * to the switch 25 and the notch conversion unit 27.

  Based on the torque command Tm *, the notch conversion unit 27 outputs a notch P3 corresponding to 60% torque to the operation mode management unit 20e.

  The operation mode management unit 20e selects “P3 mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input notch P3.

  In this embodiment as well, as in the previous embodiments, the magnetic flux command calculation unit 31e performs magnetization when the operation mode is changed. Basically, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of this embodiment is controlled in the same manner as in the case of the train in the fifth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 18, in the P3 region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled so as to gradually increase the rotational speed with a predetermined torque lower than the torque in the P4 region.

  The magnetic flux command calculation unit 31e calculates the target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit 20e and the rotor rotational frequency ωR output by the pseudo-differentiator 8, and the magnetic flux A magnetic flux command Φ * corresponding to the value is generated.

  Other operations in the acceleration mode are the same as those in the acceleration mode of the fifth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

When a constant speed command is input (time t ₁ ), the operation mode management unit 20e selects and outputs “constant speed mode” from a plurality of operation modes. The operation mode management unit 20e may select the “constant speed mode” based on its own determination based on the rotation speed and the notch.

  In the constant speed mode, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 does not require a large torque, but it is necessary to maintain the rotational speed. Therefore, the rotation speed controller 14 outputs the torque command Tm * instead of the torque command calculation unit 23. That is, in the constant speed mode, the rotation speed command calculation unit 12e and the rotation speed controller 14 are effective.

  Therefore, when the “constant speed mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the rotation speed controller 14 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33. To do.

  It should be noted that the rotation speed control by the rotation speed controller 14 may be performed not only in the constant speed mode but also in the automatic operation.

  Other operations in the constant speed mode are the same as those in the fifth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

When both the notch and the constant speed command are off (not input), the operation mode management unit 20e selects and outputs “coasting mode” from a plurality of operation modes (time t ₂ ). Although it is difficult to assume a state where neither the accelerator nor the brake is stepped on when driving the automobile, for example, when the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is applied to a hybrid automobile and the control of the automobile is left to the control by the engine In addition, the variable magnetic flux motor drive system is considered to select the coasting mode.

  Other operations in the coasting mode are the same as those in the fifth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

Driver at time t ₃ is for decelerating the electric car or a hybrid car, depresses the brake. Here, if the driver's stepping amount corresponds to -70% torque, the torque command calculation unit 23 outputs the corresponding torque command Tm * to the switch 25 and the notch conversion unit 27. Notch conversion unit 27 outputs a notch B3 corresponding to -70% torque to the operation mode management unit 20e based on the torque command Tm *.

  The operation mode management unit 20e selects “B3 mode” from a plurality of operation modes based on the input notch B3.

Further, the magnetization of the at time t ₃ to the optimum magnetic flux value at deceleration is instantaneously performed. When the “deceleration mode” is selected, the switch 25 selects the torque command Tm * output from the torque command calculation unit 23 and outputs it to the current reference calculation unit 11 and the magnetizing current command calculation unit 33.

  As shown in FIG. 18, in the B3 region, the variable magnetic flux motor 1 is controlled to gradually decrease the rotational speed with a predetermined torque.

  Other operations in the B3 mode and the B4 mode are the same as those in the deceleration mode of the fifth embodiment, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  As described above, according to the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first to fifth embodiments, the “acceleration mode” and “constant speed” of the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle are provided. For each operation mode of “mode”, “coating mode”, and “deceleration mode”, the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet can be controlled to an appropriate value when the operation mode is changed.

  In addition, since the torque corresponding to the amount of depression of the accelerator or brake is converted into notches step by step, an operation mode corresponding to the amount of depression is selected, and the variable magnetic flux motor drive system sets the magnetic flux value of the variable magnet to the operation mode. Based on this, it is possible to magnetize to an optimum magnetic flux value according to the depression amount.

  The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the present invention is also applicable to a cleaner. In that case, the operation mode management unit may have, for example, a “strong mode” and a “weak mode” which are commands to the cleaner.

  The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the present invention is applicable to a variable magnetic flux motor drive system that uses a drive motor such as a washing machine, an elevator, a railway vehicle, and an electric vehicle.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 1 of this invention. It is a simple model figure of a variable magnetic flux motor. It is sectional drawing of the variable magnetic flux motor used with the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 1 of this invention. It is a BH characteristic figure of the variable magnetic flux motor used with the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 1 of the present invention. It is a BH characteristic figure of a permanent magnet of various materials. It is a time chart figure which shows the state of each part at the time of performing magnetization in the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 2 of this invention. It is a time chart figure which shows the state of control in the elevator to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 2 of this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 3 of this invention. It is a time chart figure which shows the state of control in the washing machine to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 3 of this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 4 of this invention. It is a time chart figure which shows the state of control in the air conditioner to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 4 of this invention is applied. It is another example of the time chart figure which shows the state of control in the air conditioner to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 4 of this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 5 of this invention. It is a time chart which shows the state of control in the train to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 5 of the present invention is applied. It is another example of the time chart figure which shows the state of control in the train to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 5 of this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 6 of this invention. It is a time chart figure which shows the state of control in the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle to which the variable magnetic flux motor drive system of the form of Example 6 of this invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Variable magnetic flux motor 2a, 2b Current detector 3 DC power supply 4 Inverter 5 Coordinate conversion part 6 PWM circuit 7 Coordinate conversion part 8 Pseudo-differentiator 10 Voltage command calculating part 11 Current reference calculating part 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e Rotational speed command calculation unit 14 Rotational speed controller 15 Load calculation unit 16 Washing amount calculation unit 17 Temperature measurement unit 18 Rotational angle sensor 19 Variable load calculation unit 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e Operation mode management unit 22 Magnetization Mode management unit 23 Torque command calculation unit 25 Switch 27 Notch conversion unit 31, 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e Magnetic flux command calculation unit 33 Magnetization current command calculation unit 51 Rotor 52 Rotor core 53 Low coercive force permanent magnet 54 High coercive force permanent magnet 55 Iron core magnetic pole

Claims (16)

A permanent magnet motor having a variable magnet that is a permanent magnet of low holding force;
An inverter for driving the permanent magnet motor;
A magnetizing section for supplying a magnetizing current for controlling the magnetic flux of the variable magnet;
An operation mode manager that selects one operation mode from a plurality of operation modes;
A magnetic flux command calculation unit that calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value;
The variable magnetic flux motor drive system, wherein the magnetizing unit supplies a magnetizing current according to the magnetic flux command generated by the magnetic flux command calculating unit to control the magnetic flux of the variable magnet.   2. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of operation modes of the operation mode management unit is an operation mode based on at least one of a torque and a rotation speed of the permanent magnet motor. .   3. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of operation modes of the operation mode management unit is an operation mode based on an operation state or a stop state of the inverter. .   The magnetic flux command calculation unit is based on at least one of efficiency improvement information, safety improvement information, and noise improvement information of the variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit, 4. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value is generated by calculating a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet. 5.   Based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit, the target rotation speed of the permanent magnet motor is calculated, and when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the magnetization unit, the target of the permanent magnet motor 5. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation speed command calculation unit that sets or stops the rotation speed to be a value less than the current rotation speed.   The target torque of the permanent magnet motor is calculated based on the operation mode selected by the operation mode management unit, and the target of the permanent magnet motor is set when the magnetic flux of the variable magnet is changed by the magnetizing unit. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a torque command calculation unit that sets a torque to a value less than a current torque or near zero.   The operation mode management unit includes an operation mode for accelerating the elevator, an operation mode for decelerating the elevator, an operation mode for operating the elevator at a constant speed, and an operation mode for stopping the elevator. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:   The magnetic flux command calculation unit further calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to a load in the elevator car and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value. 8. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to 7.   The operation mode management unit includes an operation mode for washing laundry with a washing machine, an operation mode for rinsing with the washing machine, an operation mode for dehydration with the washing machine, and the washing machine. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an operation mode when drying is performed.   The magnetic flux command calculation unit further calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to the amount of laundry accommodated in the washing machine, and generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 9.   The operation mode management unit includes an operation mode for acceleration operation when the air conditioner performs rapid cooling and heating, and an operation mode for steady operation performed after the air conditioner reaches a target temperature. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 6.   12. The variable magnetic flux motor according to claim 11, wherein the magnetic flux command calculation unit further calculates a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet according to an outside air temperature to generate a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value. Drive system.   The operation mode management unit includes an operation mode for accelerating the railway vehicle, an operation mode for decelerating the railway vehicle, an operation mode for operating the railway vehicle at a constant speed, and inertial traveling of the railway vehicle. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: an operation mode in which the railway vehicle is stopped and an operation mode in which the railway vehicle is stopped.   The magnetic flux command calculation unit further generates a magnetic flux command corresponding to the magnetic flux value by calculating a target magnetic flux value of the variable magnet in accordance with a loaded load in the railway vehicle. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system described.   The operation mode management unit includes an operation mode for accelerating an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, an operation mode for decelerating the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle, and a case where the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle is operated at a constant speed. 6. The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 1, further comprising: an operation mode when the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle is stopped. A torque command calculation unit that calculates a target torque of the permanent magnet motor based on an accelerator depression amount or a brake depression amount with respect to the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle;
The variable magnetic flux motor drive system according to claim 15, wherein the operation mode management unit selects an operation mode according to the torque calculated by the torque command calculation unit.

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