JP2009135025A - Solar cell - Google Patents

Solar cell Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2009135025A
JP2009135025A JP2007311062A JP2007311062A JP2009135025A JP 2009135025 A JP2009135025 A JP 2009135025A JP 2007311062 A JP2007311062 A JP 2007311062A JP 2007311062 A JP2007311062 A JP 2007311062A JP 2009135025 A JP2009135025 A JP 2009135025A
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oxide
photoelectric conversion
conversion element
solar cell
layer
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JP5288368B2 (en
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Hitoshi Kawakita
仁 川喜多
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National Institute for Materials Science
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National Institute for Materials Science
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar cell having a function as a secondary battery without a possibility of short circuit, and formed by arranging, through electrolytic solution, the counter electrode on the other face of a photoelectric conversion element layer of which one face is used as a light-receiving face. <P>SOLUTION: In the solar cell, a part of an electrolytic solution 30 side face of the photoelectric conversion element layer 10 is covered with a solid charge accumulation layer 20 which can storage electrons from a photoelectric conversion element layer 10 and can emit electrons to the electrolytic solution 30. The photoelectric conversion element layer 10 has a photosensitized material layer 11 installed on the light-receiving face, and is covered with a protective transparent substrate 12. The solid charge accumulation layer 20 is a film composed of a charge accumulation material stuck to a face on the other side of the light-receiving face of the photoelectric conversion element layer 10, and formed in a lattice shape, in a stripe shape, or as a porous membrane or the like having pores. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、片面を受光面とされた光電変換素子層の他面に電解液を介して対極が配置されてなる太陽電池に関し、より詳しくは、二次電池としての機能を併せ持つ太陽電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a solar cell in which a counter electrode is disposed on the other surface of a photoelectric conversion element layer having a light-receiving surface on one side via an electrolytic solution, and more particularly to a solar cell having a function as a secondary battery.

この種の太陽電池としては、特許文献１に示されるものが知られているが、当該発明は電解液中に金属イオンを溶解させ、その金属イオンの酸化還元により二次電池の役割を果たすようにしたものである。
しかし、当該構成では電解液中の金属の凝集などにより短絡が生じる虞があり、二次電池の為の構成が太陽電池全体の破損に繋がるおそれがあった。 As this type of solar cell, the one disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. However, the present invention dissolves a metal ion in an electrolytic solution and plays a role of a secondary battery by oxidation and reduction of the metal ion. It is a thing.
However, in this configuration, there is a possibility that a short circuit may occur due to agglomeration of metals in the electrolytic solution, and the configuration for the secondary battery may lead to damage of the entire solar cell.

本発明は、このような実情に鑑み、短絡の恐れなく二次電池機能を併設することを課題とする。   In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery function without fear of a short circuit.

発明１の太陽電池は、光電変換素子層の電解液側面の一部が、前記光電変換素子層からの電子を吸蔵し、外部回路に電子を放出できる固体蓄電層に覆われていることを特徴とする。   The solar cell of the invention 1 is characterized in that a part of the side surface of the electrolyte of the photoelectric conversion element layer is covered with a solid electricity storage layer that can occlude electrons from the photoelectric conversion element layer and emit electrons to an external circuit. And

発明２は、発明１の太陽電池であって、前記固体蓄電層は、前記電解液よりカチオンを受け取ることのできるものであることを特徴とする。   Invention 2 is the solar cell of Invention 1, wherein the solid electricity storage layer is capable of receiving cations from the electrolytic solution.

発明３は、発明１又は２の太陽電池において、前記固体蓄電層は、厚さ方向で貫通する多孔質層であることを特徴とする。   Invention 3 is the solar cell of Invention 1 or 2, wherein the solid electricity storage layer is a porous layer penetrating in the thickness direction.

発明４は、 発明１又は２の太陽電池において、前記固体蓄電層は、酸化スズ、酸化鉄、酸化タングステン、酸化銅、酸化ニオブ、酸化カドミウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化カドミウム、酸化ニッケル、酸化モリブデンのいずれかからなることを特徴とする。   Invention 4 is the solar cell of Invention 1 or 2, wherein the solid storage layer is any one of tin oxide, iron oxide, tungsten oxide, copper oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium oxide, cadmium oxide, nickel oxide, and molybdenum oxide. It consists of these.

本発明は、上記構成によるものであるから、電解液中に金属粒子が析出せず、短絡のおそれを全く無くすことが出来た。
さらに、発明２のように、固体蓄電層が前記電解液よりカチオンを受け取ることのできるものとすることで、光電変換素子層からの電子と合わせて、蓄電機能を有することができた。 Since this invention is based on the said structure, the metal particle did not precipitate in electrolyte solution, but could eliminate the possibility of a short circuit at all.
Furthermore, as in Invention 2, the solid electricity storage layer can receive cations from the electrolytic solution, and thus has an electricity storage function together with electrons from the photoelectric conversion element layer.

図１は、本発明の基本構造を示す模式図であり、（１０）は光電変換素子層、（２０）は固体蓄電層、（３０）は電解液、（４０）は対極である。
前記光電変換素子層（１０）は、その受光面に光増感材層（１１）が設けられ、これらを保護用の透明基板（１２）にて覆ってある構造を有している。
前記光電変換素子層（１０）自体は、従来一般に知られた光電変換半導体と同様な構成のものであり、具体的には、以下の物質からなる薄膜である。
光電変換特性を有するものであるが、金属酸化物であれば、酸化チタン、酸化スズ、酸化タングステン、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化ネオジム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化ストロンチウム、酸化インジウム、酸化セリウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化バナジウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化ランタルなど。金属酸化物表面には色素を担持させてもよい。色素は可視域や近赤外域に吸収を有し、使用する光電変換特性に適した励起挙動をとる化合物であれば、使用可能である。例としては、金属錯体色素（ルテニウム錯体、フタロシアニン、ポルフィリンなど）、有機色素（アゾ色素、メチン色素、フラーレン誘導体、キノン類、クマリン、エオシン、ローダミン、メロシアニンなど）
前記固体蓄電層（２０）は、前記光電変換素子層（１０）の反受光面側に貼り付けた蓄電材料からなる膜であって、格子状、ストライプ状、或いは空孔を有する多孔質膜などとして形成してあり、前記光電変換素子層（１０）に電解液（３０）が直接接触し得るようにしてある。
固体蓄電層（２０）を構成する材料としては、以下のものが使用可能である。
酸化スズ、酸化鉄、酸化タングステン、酸化銅、酸化ニオブ、酸化カドミウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化カドミウム、酸化ニッケル、酸化モリブデン等である。
このように構成された太陽電池は、光電変換素子層（２０）にて発生した電子が、外部回路と、固体蓄電層（２０）の双方に送られ、外部回路に供給された電子は対極（４０）に至ることとなる。ここで、外部回路へ供給されるために必要な放電量が、光電変換素子層（２０）から送られる電子量より上回る場合は、前記固体蓄電層（２０）に蓄積された電子が、外部回路に放出されて、前記対極（４０）に送られることとなる。
この結果、受光する太陽光量が変動しても、対極からの放電量は安定することとなる。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of the present invention, wherein (10) is a photoelectric conversion element layer, (20) is a solid electricity storage layer, (30) is an electrolytic solution, and (40) is a counter electrode.
The photoelectric conversion element layer (10) has a structure in which a photosensitizing material layer (11) is provided on the light receiving surface, and these are covered with a protective transparent substrate (12).
The photoelectric conversion element layer (10) itself has the same configuration as a conventionally known photoelectric conversion semiconductor, and specifically, is a thin film made of the following substances.
Although it has photoelectric conversion characteristics, if it is a metal oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide, strontium oxide, indium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, Lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, lanthanum oxide, etc. A dye may be supported on the surface of the metal oxide. The dye can be used as long as it is a compound having absorption in the visible region and near infrared region and having an excitation behavior suitable for the photoelectric conversion characteristics to be used. Examples include metal complex dyes (ruthenium complexes, phthalocyanines, porphyrins, etc.), organic dyes (azo dyes, methine dyes, fullerene derivatives, quinones, coumarins, eosin, rhodamines, merocyanines, etc.)
The solid power storage layer (20) is a film made of a power storage material attached to the side opposite to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element layer (10), and has a lattice shape, a stripe shape, or a porous film having pores. The electrolytic solution (30) can be in direct contact with the photoelectric conversion element layer (10).
The following can be used as a material which comprises a solid electrical storage layer (20).
Examples thereof include tin oxide, iron oxide, tungsten oxide, copper oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium oxide, cadmium oxide, nickel oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
In the solar cell configured as described above, electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion element layer (20) are sent to both the external circuit and the solid storage layer (20), and the electrons supplied to the external circuit are counter electrodes ( 40). Here, when the amount of discharge necessary to be supplied to the external circuit exceeds the amount of electrons sent from the photoelectric conversion element layer (20), the electrons accumulated in the solid storage layer (20) Is sent to the counter electrode (40).
As a result, even if the amount of received sunlight fluctuates, the amount of discharge from the counter electrode is stabilized.

本発明の実施形態を示す模式図Schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 光電変換素子層
１１ 光増感材層
１２ 透明基板
２０ 固体蓄電層
３０ 電解液
４０ 対極 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Photoelectric conversion element layer 11 Photosensitizer layer 12 Transparent substrate 20 Solid electrical storage layer 30 Electrolytic solution 40 Counter electrode

Claims (4)

片面を受光面とされた光電変換素子層の他面に電解液を介して対極が配置されてなる太陽電池において、前記光電変換素子層の電解液側面の一部が、前記光電変換素子層からの電子を吸蔵し、外部回路に電子を放出できる固体蓄電層に覆われていることを特徴とする太陽電池。   In the solar cell in which the counter electrode is disposed on the other surface of the photoelectric conversion element layer with one side being a light-receiving surface via an electrolyte solution, a part of the electrolyte solution side surface of the photoelectric conversion element layer is separated from the photoelectric conversion element layer. A solar cell, characterized in that it is covered with a solid electricity storage layer capable of occluding the electrons and releasing the electrons to an external circuit. 請求項１に記載の太陽電池であって、前記固体蓄電層は、前記電解液よりカチオンを受け取ることのできるものであることを特徴とする。   2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the solid electricity storage layer is capable of receiving cations from the electrolytic solution. 請求項１又は２に記載の太陽電池において、前記固体蓄電層は、厚さ方向で貫通する多孔質層であることを特徴とする。   3. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the solid electricity storage layer is a porous layer penetrating in a thickness direction. 請求項１又は２に記載の太陽電池において、前記固体蓄電層は、酸化スズ、酸化鉄、酸化タングステン、酸化銅、酸化ニオブ、酸化カドミウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化カドミウム、酸化ニッケル、酸化モリブデンのいずれかからなることを特徴とする。   3. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the solid storage layer is any one of tin oxide, iron oxide, tungsten oxide, copper oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium oxide, cadmium oxide, nickel oxide, and molybdenum oxide. It is characterized by comprising.
JP2007311062A 2007-11-30 2007-11-30 Solar cell Active JP5288368B2 (en)

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JP2013201066A (en) * 2012-03-26 2013-10-03 Toshiba Corp Photoelectric conversion element
WO2013146194A1 (en) * 2012-03-26 2013-10-03 株式会社東芝 Electrode material for batteries, electrode material paste for batteries, method for producing electrode material for batteries, dye-sensitized solar cell, and storage battery
JP2013201045A (en) * 2012-03-26 2013-10-03 Toshiba Corp Substrate for solar cell and solar cell
WO2013157589A1 (en) 2012-04-18 2013-10-24 株式会社 東芝 Optical power generation system and electrical storage apparatus
JPWO2013072988A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2015-04-02 株式会社日本マイクロニクス Sheet battery repair device
US9196900B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2015-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Substrate and secondary battery
US9692052B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2017-06-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electrode material for battery, electrode material paste for battery, and solar cell using same, storage battery, and method for manufacturing solar cell

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Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2013072988A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2015-04-02 株式会社日本マイクロニクス Sheet battery repair device
US9799927B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Nihon Micronics Repair apparatus of sheet type cell
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JP2013201045A (en) * 2012-03-26 2013-10-03 Toshiba Corp Substrate for solar cell and solar cell
WO2013146194A1 (en) * 2012-03-26 2013-10-03 株式会社東芝 Electrode material for batteries, electrode material paste for batteries, method for producing electrode material for batteries, dye-sensitized solar cell, and storage battery
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TWI500203B (en) * 2012-04-18 2015-09-11 Toshiba Kk Photovoltaic power generation system and power storage device

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