JP2009127990A - Melting apparatus and melting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To safely sterilize medical waste by burning gas in a melting furnace and a charging chamber introduced by a gas introducing part, together with fuel. <P>SOLUTION: This melting apparatus includes the melting furnace 100 holding the medical waste 20; a heating section 140 burning fuel to heat the inside of the melting furnace 100 to a sterilizing temperature higher than temperature at which at least part of the medical waste 20 melts and lower than the thermo-decomposition temperature of the medical waste 20; the charging chamber 170 that can be connected to and shut off from the melting furnace 100 and the outside, holds the medical waste 20 charged from the outside when connected to the outside during heating of the melting furnace 100, and charges the medical waste 20 into the melting furnace 100 when connected to the melting furnace; and the gas introducing part 180 taking in gas 42 in the melting furnace 100 during heating to introduce the gas into the heating section 140. The gas introducing part 180 takes in the gas 44 in the charging chamber during heating to introduce the gas into the heating section 140, and the heating section 140 burns the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170 introduced by the gas introducing part 180, together with the fuel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a medical waste melting apparatus and a melting method. In particular, the present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for dissolving and reducing volume of medical waste containing synthetic resin simultaneously with sterilization.

  Conventionally, a waste plastic oil converting apparatus that reuses waste plastic as recycled oil is known. Patent Document 1 discloses a pyrolysis furnace that heats, melts, and gasifies waste plastic with the heat of a gas burner, and cools and condenses the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace by bringing it into gas-liquid contact with cooling water. An oil making apparatus including an oil tank that separates oil and water to obtain recycled oil is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

Infectious pathogens may adhere to infectious waste such as syringes, catheters, surgical gowns, vinyl gloves, and other medical waste generated from medical institutions such as hospitals and clinics. Therefore, the Ministry of the Environment has been instructed to perform disposal for a certain period of time under high temperature and high pressure, and then discard or incinerate (Non-patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 2, by using a pressure vessel for a heating furnace, the inside of the furnace is sealed in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and the infectious waste is sterilized for a predetermined time at a temperature lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the infectious waste. An oiling apparatus that heats up to the thermal decomposition temperature after the treatment is disclosed (Patent Document 2).
JP 2001-247874 A JP 2003-19428 A "Infectious waste disposal manual based on the Waste Disposal Law (Promulgation date: March 16, 2004, No. 040316001 from the recycling industry)"

  However, when medical waste is processed using the oil making apparatus described in Patent Document 1, thermal decomposition is performed in a state where infectious pathogens contained in the medical waste are not sufficiently killed in the initial stage of processing. There is a possibility of leakage from the pyrolysis furnace together with the gas in the furnace. At this time, infectious pathogen mixes with condensed water or produced oil because the gas concerned carries out gas-liquid contact with cooling water.

  On the other hand, when the oil making apparatus described in Patent Document 2 is used, the above-described problem does not occur because the treatment is performed for a certain period of time at a high temperature and a high pressure. However, medical waste includes, for example, many plastic containers in which water or blood or hydrogen peroxide water is sealed. When such waste is heated, the plastic container is dissolved, moisture and the like are exposed to high temperature conditions, and vaporize instantaneously. Since the oil making apparatus described in Patent Document 2 seals the inside of the furnace in a high temperature and high pressure state, when moisture or the like is instantaneously vaporized and the internal pressure suddenly rises, the pressure vessel is There is a possibility of damage.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a melting apparatus for melting medical waste, which is a melting furnace for storing medical waste, and by burning fuel, Connecting and disconnecting the inside from the melting furnace and the outside, and a heating unit that heats the interior to a sterilization temperature that is higher than the temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste melts and lower than the temperature of thermal decomposition of the medical waste A charging chamber for storing medical waste charged from the outside when connected to the outside during the heating of the melting furnace, and charging the medical waste stored when connected to the melting furnace to the melting furnace; A gas introduction part that sucks the gas inside the melting furnace being heated and introduces it into the heating part, and the gas introduction part further sucks the gas inside the heating chamber being heated and supplies it to the heating part Introduced and heated part introduced by gas introduction part Dissolution apparatus is provided that the dissolution furnace and loading chamber of the gas burning with the fuel.

  In the melting apparatus, the melting furnace may be heated in a state of containing oil together with medical waste. The oil stored in the melting furnace may be waste oil. Further, the gas introduction part includes a melting furnace exhaust pipe connected to the melting furnace, a charging chamber exhaust pipe connected to the charging chamber and joined to the melting furnace exhaust pipe, and the charging chamber side from the joining point in the charging chamber exhaust pipe A check valve may be provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a melting method for melting medical waste, in which a fuel is burned in a heating section so that the inside of a melting furnace containing medical waste is at least one of medical waste. During heating of the melting furnace, a heating step for heating to a sterilization temperature higher than the temperature at which the part melts and lower than the temperature for thermal decomposition of medical waste, and a charging chamber connected to and disconnected from the melting furnace and the outside A step of storing medical waste charged from the outside when connected to the outside, and a step of charging the medical waste stored when connected to the melting furnace into the melting furnace; and a gas inside the melting furnace during heating And a gas combustion step of sucking the gas inside the charging chamber and introducing the gas into the heating unit and burning it.

  It should be noted that the above summary of the invention does not enumerate all the necessary features of the present invention. In addition, a sub-combination of these feature groups can also be an invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. In addition, not all the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential for the solving means of the invention.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an outline of a pyrolysis system 10 including a melting device 12 according to an embodiment. The thermal decomposition system 10 is a thermal decomposition system that thermally decomposes the medical waste 20. As shown in the figure, the thermal decomposition system 10 includes a melting device 12 and a plurality of oiling devices 14 and 16.

  The melting device 12 burns fuel to sterilize the input medical waste 20 at a temperature higher than the temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste 20 is dissolved and lower than the temperature at which the medical waste is thermally decomposed. To dissolve the medical waste 20. When the medical waste 20 is dissolved, the air in the medical waste 20 is removed, so that the volume of the medical waste 20 is reduced and the reduced dissolution waste 40 is obtained.

  Here, the medical waste 20 includes a syringe, a catheter, a surgical gown, a dropper, a non-woven fabric, etc., and includes polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Including various plastics. The melting point differs depending on the type of plastic, and when heated in a state where it is contained with oil in the melting device 12, for example, in the case of PE, melting starts at about 120 ° C, but in the case of PVC and PET, 180 ° C to Even if it is heated at 200 ° C., it does not completely dissolve unless it is heated for a long time. On the other hand, when these plastics are heated to about 300-400 ° C. in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, they begin to thermally decompose. In addition, since the medical waste 20 may contain infectious pathogens, as described above, it is required to perform sterilization by heating at a high temperature for a certain time.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the sterilization temperature is set to a temperature that is higher than the temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste 20 is dissolved and lower than the temperature for thermal decomposition of the medical waste. Then, the sterilization time or dissolution time is determined in consideration of the sterilization rate of the infectious pathogen at the sterilization temperature and the dissolution rate of the medical waste 20 at the temperature. For example, when the medical waste 20 contains the said substance, it heats for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 180 to 220 degreeC, for example based on these said melting temperature and the said thermal decomposition temperature.

  In the present specification, “dissolving” is not limited to the case where the medical waste 20 is dissolved in oil, but includes the case where the medical waste 20 is melted by heating to be in a semi-solid state. Moreover, even if it is the case where PVC is contained in the medical waste 20, if it is the said temperature, chlorine gas will hardly be generated.

  The oil converting device 14 oils the medical waste 20 dissolved by the dissolving device 12. That is, when the decontaminated waste 40 obtained by the melting device 12 is put into the oil generator 14 and heated to, for example, about 400 to 450 ° C. in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, The contained plastic is pyrolyzed to generate dry distillation gas. When the dry distillation gas is cooled, the dry distillation gas is liquefied and the product oil 60 is obtained. In the present embodiment, since the reduced waste 40 obtained by reducing the volume of the medical waste 20 by the dissolving device 12 is input to the oil converting device 14, the oil converting device 14 can be processed once. A larger amount of medical waste 20 can be processed. Further, since the reduced waste 40 is sufficiently sterilized by the dissolution apparatus, it is possible to prevent the generated oil and the like from being contaminated by infectious pathogens.

  Here, the dry distillation gas includes components that do not liquefy even when cooled with cooling water. The component is flammable, and such a flammable gas is preferably used as a heat source for the pyrolysis system 10. Here, in the oil refiners 14 and 16, once the temperature suddenly rises, thermal decomposition is accelerated at an accelerated rate, and temperature control may be difficult. Since the composition of the combustible gas varies depending on the composition of the plastic contained in the medical waste 20, the temperature at the time of thermal decomposition, etc., the amount of heat when combusted tends to vary.

  Moreover, since various types of plastics are mixed in the medical waste 20 and its decontamination waste 40, if the decontamination waste 40 is sequentially added to the oilification apparatus 14 and continuously oiled, For the same reason as described above, temperature control may be difficult. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the oil refiner 14 and the oil refiner 16 process the reduced melt waste 40 in a batch process in which the reduced melt waste 40 is input in a lump and oiled. In the batch processing, when the heating of the oil generator 14 is stopped and cooled to room temperature, the combustible gas is not burned by the oil generators 14 and 16.

  On the other hand, the melting device 12 has less influence on the treatment than the oiling devices 14 and 16 even if the temperature is not strictly controlled. Moreover, in the dissolving | melting apparatus 12, the high temperature state is maintained for a long time, and the infectious pathogen contained in the medical waste 20 is sterilized. Therefore, during the dissolution of the medical waste 20, the medical waste 20 is processed by a continuous process in which the medical waste 20 is further added at least once.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the dissolving device 12 uses a continuous process, while the oil making apparatuses 14 and 16 use a batch process. Further, the combustible gas is transferred to the melting device 12 through the combustible gas transfer pipe 22 and the combustible gas transfer pipe 32 and used as a heat source of the melting device 12. That is, the dissolving device 12 is used for dissolving the medical waste 20 by burning the combustible gas generated in the oiling device 14 or the oiling device 16. Thereby, the energy efficiency of the thermal decomposition system 10 whole can be improved, operating the thermal decomposition system 10 stably.

  In this embodiment, the dissolution apparatus 12 batch-processes the reduced dissolution waste 40 obtained by continuously processing the medical waste 20 in the oil converting apparatus 14 and the oil converting apparatus 16 alternately. As a result, the melting device 12 can burn the combustible gas generated in the plurality of oiling devices 14 and the oiling device 16, and even if one of the oiling devices is stopped, the other Combustible gas is supplied from the oil generator. As a result, the supply of combustible gas to the melting device 12 is stabilized, and the energy efficiency of the entire thermal decomposition system 10 can be further improved. In particular, since the medical waste 20 contains a large amount of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride and generates a large amount of the combustible gas, it is preferable to employ the above configuration.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a part of the produced oil 60 obtained by the oil making device 14 and the oil making device 16 is transferred to the melting device 12 by the combustible gas transfer pipe 22 and the combustible gas transfer pipe 32, It is used as a heat source for the melting device 12. In the present specification, “continuous processing” refers to charging the medical waste 20 into the dissolution apparatus 12 at least once during heating. Therefore, in the continuous treatment, regardless of the discharge method, the method of sequentially charging the decontaminated waste 40 during heating and sequentially discharging the decontaminated waste 40 during heating, and the medical waste 20 during the heating of the melting device 12 are used. And the method of discharging the reduced-dissolution waste 40 after processing a certain amount of medical waste 20 or after stopping heating. In addition, “heating” is not limited to when the fuel is being burned, but is when the combustion of the fuel is stopped, and whether the temperature inside the melting furnace is about the same as the sterilization temperature. Including the case of more than that.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an outline of the melting apparatus 12. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure around the melting furnace 100 of the melting apparatus 12.

  The melting device 12 heats and melts the medical waste 20 to sterilize the medical waste 20 and reduce the volume of the medical waste 20. As shown in the figure, the melting device 12 includes a melting furnace 100 having a substantially cylindrical shape, a heating unit 140 disposed so as to cover part or all of the outer surface of the melting furnace 100, and the outer surface of the melting furnace 100, And a heat insulating material 160 disposed so as to cover at least a portion not covered with the heating unit 140. The melting apparatus 12 includes a charging chamber 170 provided in the upper part of the melting furnace 100 and a gas introduction unit 180 that sucks in the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170.

  The melting furnace 100 stores the medical waste 20. Moreover, in this embodiment, the melting furnace 100 accommodates the waste oil 70 together with the medical waste 20. The waste oil 70 is an example of oil, and may be, for example, soybean oil or engine oil. Moreover, the organic compound, for example, glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, whose boiling point at the atmospheric pressure or the operating pressure of the dissolving apparatus 12 or the flash point is higher than the sterilization temperature may be used.

  The melting furnace 100 includes a melting furnace main body 110 having a substantially cylindrical shape for storing the medical waste 20, an internal opening / closing part 120 capable of connecting and blocking the charging chamber 170 to the melting furnace 100, and the dissolved medical waste. 20 and a discharge unit 130 for discharging the residue remaining in the melting furnace main body 110 after the processing from the melting furnace main body 110. The melting furnace main body 110 is arranged with the bottom of the cylindrical shape facing down.

  The melting furnace main body 110 includes a disk-shaped top plate portion 111 having an opening, a lower discharge port 113 arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace main body 110, and a flange 114 and a flange arranged at the trunk portion of the melting furnace main body 110. 115. The melting furnace main body 110 includes a cylindrical opening / closing guide portion 116 that covers the opening on the top plate portion 111 and extends in the vertical direction, and an exhaust port 119 arranged on a side surface of the melting furnace main body 110. Further, a thermometer 52 for measuring the temperature inside the melting furnace main body 110 is disposed. The thermometer 52 is preferably arranged so that the temperature of the waste oil 70 can be measured.

  A top plate portion 111 is joined to the upper portion of the melting furnace main body 110 by welding or the like. Thereby, the opening of the top plate portion 111 forms the internal charging port 112. The melting furnace main body 110 is divided into two at an appropriate position of a cylindrical body portion, and is connected by a flange 114 and a flange 115. Thereby, the melting furnace main body 110 can be divided into two vertically at the flange 114 and flange 115 portions. The melting furnace body 110 is preferably divided at a position close to the top plate portion 111.

  Further, an exhaust port 119 for discharging the gas 42 inside the melting furnace 100 is provided on a side surface of the melting furnace main body 110, and a gas introduction unit 180 is coupled thereto. The exhaust port 119 may be provided above the flange 114 and the flange 115, and may be provided in the top plate portion 111 instead of the side surface of the melting furnace main body 110, but is heated below the flange 114 and the flange 115. It is preferable to be provided at a position above the portion covered with the portion 140. Thereby, when dividing | segmenting the melting furnace main body 110, the gas introduction part 180 does not become obstructive. Further, a lower discharge port 113 is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace main body 110, and the discharge unit 130 is coupled thereto.

  The open / close guide portion 116 has a cylindrical shape extending vertically, and has a quadrangular cross-sectional shape larger than the internal charging port 112. The lower part of the opening / closing guide part 116 is coupled to the top plate part 111 by welding or the like so as to cover the internal charging port 112, and the upper part of the opening / closing guide part 116 is coupled to the charging chamber 170. The opening / closing guide portion 116 includes a guide rail 117 and an opening / closing lid support portion 118 that assist the operation of the internal opening / closing portion 120. Moreover, the opening / closing guide part 116 has a substantially rectangular opening extending in the horizontal direction on the side surface. The shape of the cross section of the open / close guide portion 116 is not limited to a quadrangle, and may be a circle.

  The internal opening / closing part 120 includes a plate-shaped opening / closing lid 123 larger than the internal loading port 112, a rod-shaped rod 124, a cylinder 125 for reciprocating the opening / closing lid 123 via the rod 124, and the opening / closing lid 123 and the rod 124. And a bag-shaped sealing guide 126 for sealing inside. The internal opening / closing part 120 is disposed outside the opening provided on the side surface of the opening / closing guide part 116, and the opening / closing lid 123 is inserted into the opening / closing guide part 116 from the opening part. The open / close lid 123 is supported by the guide rail 117 and is driven by the cylinder 125 via the rod 124 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction. Thereby, the internal opening / closing part 120 can connect and block the charging chamber 170 to the melting furnace 100.

  The sealing guide 126 is coupled to the outside of the opening / closing guide portion 116 by welding or the like, and has a sealing structure. Thereby, even when the opening / closing lid 123 reciprocates, the gas inside the melting furnace 100 can be prevented from leaking from the internal opening / closing part 120 to the outside.

  The discharge unit 130 includes a discharge valve 132 and a screw conveyor 134 disposed outside the melting furnace 100, and a residue transfer container 136 and a wire 138 disposed inside the melting furnace 100. The discharge valve 132 and the screw conveyor 134 discharge the waste oil 70, the dissolved medical waste 20, and the semi-solid melt 30 in which the medical waste 20 is melted and accumulated at the bottom of the melting furnace body 110. The melt 30 includes a metal piece such as an injection needle contained in the medical waste 20 or a residue of waste that does not dissolve, such as absorbent cotton. Also, most of the waste oil 70 may be discharged together with the melt 30, and most of the waste oil 70 may be used again for dissolving the medical waste 20 without discharging.

  When the discharge valve 132 is opened, the medical waste 20, the melt 30 and the waste oil 70 are discharged from the lower discharge port 113 and transferred to the oil storage tank 220 via the screw conveyor 134. Thereafter, the oil is stored in the reduced-dissolution waste storage tank 236 from the oil storage tank 220. In addition, the said medical waste 20, the said melt 30, and the said waste oil 70 may be filtered with a filter.

  The residue transfer container 136 has, for example, a box shape having a mesh-shaped bottom plate, is supported inside the melting furnace 100 by a wire 138, and holds the undissolved material 50 therein. The undissolved material 50 includes medical waste 20 that has not been completely dissolved or melted, and metal fragments contained in the medical waste 20 or residue of waste that does not dissolve, such as absorbent cotton. For example, the wire 138 is coupled to the top plate portion 111. The residue transfer container 136 may not be completely lifted from the bottom of the melting furnace main body 110 and may be in contact with the bottom of the melting furnace main body 110. Moreover, the melting furnace 100 may be provided with a pusher for pressing and stirring the medical waste 20 on the upper part of the residue transfer container 136.

  The undissolved material 50 is conveyed to the hopper 232 of the coarse crusher 230 after the sterilization of the melting furnace 100 is completed and the cooling of the melting furnace 100 is completed. The undissolved material 50 is transported by, for example, removing the melting furnace main body 110 and the charging chamber 170 above the flange 115 from the melting furnace main body 110 below the flange 114 and using the crane 216 together with the residue transfer container 136 to the melting furnace main body 110. This is done by pulling up from the inside and transferring it to the hopper 232 by the crane 216. In addition, when there are few undissolved substances 50 which generate | occur | produce with respect to the injected medical waste 20, the lower discharge part containing the discharge valve 132 and the screw conveyor 134 is used without using the residue transfer container 136 and the wire 138. Accordingly, the undissolved material 50 may be discharged during the heating of the melting furnace 100. Thereby, the stop time of the melt | dissolution apparatus 12 can be decreased.

  The heating unit 140 burns fuel so that the inside of the melting furnace 100 is sterilized at a temperature higher than a temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste 20 is melted and lower than a temperature at which the medical waste 20 is thermally decomposed. Heat. Further, the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170 introduced by the gas introduction unit 180 is burned together with the fuel.

  The heating unit 140 includes at least leg portions 142 disposed below the heating unit 140, a burner 144 that burns fuel, a fuel adjustment valve 146 that adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the burner 144, and at least the melting furnace main body 110. And a jacket 150 arranged to cover a part. The jacket 150 is preferably arranged so as to cover at least the lower part than the oil level in the melting furnace main body 110. The jacket 150 is provided with a thermometer 54 that measures the temperature inside the heating unit 140.

  As the fuel, for example, A heavy oil is used, but the produced oil 60 obtained by the oil making apparatus 14 or the oil making apparatus 16 may be used. As the burner 144, for example, a heavy oil burner, a rapid mixing burner or the like is used. The fuel adjustment valve 146 adjusts the fuel supply amount based on the temperature measured by the thermometer 52 or the thermometer 54.

  The jacket 150 circulates the combustion gas burned by the burner 144 or heats the melting furnace 100 by the flame of the burner. The jacket 150 includes a combustion section 152 that burns fuel, a discharge section introduction port 157 provided so that the lower discharge port 113 of the melting furnace 100 is disposed outside the jacket 150, and an exhaust that discharges combustion gas to the outside. A pipe 158 and an exhaust port 159 for coupling the exhaust pipe 158 are included. The thermometer 54 is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the exhaust port 159.

  The combustion unit 152 includes a combustion port 153 for introducing the flame of the burner 144, an intake gas introduction port 154 for introducing the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the input chamber 170 taken in by the gas introduction unit 180 into the combustion unit 152, and an oil generator 14 or the combustible gas introduction port 155 for introducing the combustible gas generated from the oil converting device 16 into the combustion unit 152. Note that the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170 or the combustible gas may be directly supplied to the air nozzle of the burner 144. Since the lower discharge port 113 of the melting furnace 100 is arranged outside the jacket 150, the discharge valve 132 and the screw conveyor 134 of the melting furnace 100 and the lower discharge port 113 can be coupled to the outside of the jacket 150.

  The charging chamber 170 is disposed above the opening / closing guide portion 116 and is connected to and disconnected from the melting furnace 100 by the internal opening / closing portion 120. The input chamber 170 is provided on the side surface, and an external input port 171 for inputting the medical waste 20 from the outside, an external opening / closing portion 172 for connecting and blocking the input chamber 170 to the outside, and the operation of the external opening / closing portion 172. An auxiliary guide rail 177 and an exhaust port 179 for exhausting the gas 44 inside the input chamber 170 are provided. The positions where the internal charging port 112 and the charging chamber 170 are arranged are not limited to the upper part of the melting furnace 100 but may be arranged on the side surface of the melting furnace 100.

  An upper portion of the input chamber 170 has a substantially rectangular opening at a location corresponding to the external input port 171, and the external opening / closing part 172 is arranged outside the opening. The external opening / closing part 172 includes a plate-shaped opening / closing lid 173 larger than the external input port 171, a rod-shaped rod 174, a cylinder 175 for reciprocating the opening / closing lid 173 via the rod 174, and the opening / closing lid 173 and the rod 174. And a bag-shaped sealing guide 176 that is sealed inside.

  The open / close lid 173 is inserted into the opening through the opening provided in the upper portion of the charging chamber 170 and is disposed so as to close the external charging port 171. The open / close lid 173 is supported by the guide rail 177 and is driven by the cylinder 175 via the rod 174 to reciprocate in the vertical direction. Thereby, the external opening / closing part 172 can connect and block the charging chamber 170 to the outside.

  The sealing guide 176 is coupled to the outside of the charging chamber 170 by welding or the like, and has a sealing structure. Thereby, even if the opening / closing lid 173 reciprocates, the gas 44 inside the charging chamber 170 can be prevented from leaking from the external opening / closing part 172 to the outside.

  The gas introduction unit 180 includes a melting furnace exhaust pipe 182 connected to the melting furnace 100, a charging chamber exhaust pipe 183 connected to the charging chamber 170 and joining the melting furnace exhaust pipe 182, a melting furnace exhaust pipe 182, and a charging chamber And a joining point 184 where the exhaust pipe 183 joins. In addition, the gas introduction unit 180 sucks the check valve 186 disposed on the side of the input chamber 170 from the junction point 184 in the input chamber exhaust pipe 183 and the gas 42 inside the melting furnace 100 being heated to heat the gas. An intake fan 187 and an intake gas introduction pipe 188 introduced into the section 140. The gas introduction unit 180 further sucks the gas 44 inside the charging chamber 170 being heated and introduces it into the heating unit 140 via the intake fan 187 and the intake gas introduction pipe 188.

  Thereby, when the medical waste 20 is thrown into the dissolution apparatus 12, it is possible to further prevent a gas that is not sufficiently sterilized from leaking out of the dissolution apparatus 12 from the input chamber 170. Further, since the check valve 186 is arranged in the charging chamber exhaust pipe 183, even when bumping occurs in the melting furnace 100, the gas in the melting furnace 100 flows back through the charging chamber exhaust pipe 183, and the charging chamber Since it can be prevented from flowing into 170, gas that is not sufficiently sterilized from the charging chamber 170 can be prevented from leaking to the outside of the dissolving device 12.

  Note that the melting furnace exhaust pipe 182 and the charging chamber exhaust pipe 183 may be joined without having the intake fan and the introduction pipe to the heating unit 140, respectively. The melting furnace exhaust pipe 182 may be provided with a safety valve without being connected to the intake fan. Even in that case, it is possible to prevent a gas, which is not sufficiently sterilized, from leaking out of the dissolving apparatus from the charging chamber 170. Further, since the charging chamber 170 can be connected to and disconnected from the melting furnace and the outside, the power of the intake fan 187 can be saved as compared with the case where the entire melting furnace 100 is sucked.

  In the above configuration, the dissolution treatment is performed as follows. First, the medical waste 20 transferred by the truck 210 or the like is temporarily stored in the storage 212, and then placed on the lifter 214 or the like and carried to the front of the input chamber 170 of the dissolution apparatus 12.

  The operator 90 opens the open / close lid 173 of the melting device 12 and inputs the medical waste 20 into the input chamber 170. At this time, the open / close lid 123 is closed, and the gas inside the charging chamber 170 is sucked into the intake fan 187, so that the worker 90 is prevented from coming into contact with the gas inside the melting furnace 100. After the operator 90 closes the opening / closing lid 173, the opening / closing lid 123 is opened, and the medical waste 20 in the charging chamber 170 is charged into the melting furnace main body 110 through the internal charging port 112.

  The melting furnace 100 is heated in a state where the waste oil 70 is accommodated together with the medical waste 20. The heating unit 140 heats the melting furnace 100 by burning fuel with the burner 144. The medical waste 20 is heated and sterilized together with the waste oil 70 in the melting furnace 100 for a predetermined time, and is dissolved and reduced in volume.

  In the present embodiment, the charging chamber 170 stores the medical waste 20 input from the outside when connected to the outside during the heating of the melting furnace 100 and stores the medical waste stored when connected to the melting furnace 100. The product 20 is put into the melting furnace 100. That is, when the melting furnace 100 is being heated and the charging chamber 170 is connected to the outside, the open / close lid 173 is opened while the open / close lid 123 is closed. In addition, the open / close lid 123 is opened after the open / close lid 173 is closed and the input chamber 170 is shut off from the outside. Thereby, when the medical waste 20 is thrown into the dissolution apparatus 12, it is possible to prevent a gas that is not sufficiently sterilized from leaking from the input chamber 170 to the outside of the dissolution apparatus 12.

  The dissolved medical waste 20 is discharged from the melting furnace main body 110 together with the waste oil 70 by the discharge unit 130, transferred to the oil storage tank 220, and then stored in the reduced dissolution waste storage tank 236 as the reduced dissolution waste 40. The On the other hand, the residue left undissolved in the above operation is discharged from the melting furnace 100 by removing the residue transfer container 136 from the upper part of the melting furnace 100 by the crane 216, and the hopper 232 of the rough crusher 230 by the crane 216. It is conveyed to. The residue is roughly crushed by the crushing roller 234 and then stored in the reduced solution waste storage tank 236 as the reduced solution waste 40. Thereby, the volume of the medical waste 20 is reduced to about 1/3 to 1/5.

  Since the heat transfer efficiency to the medical waste 20 is improved by heating the medical waste 20 together with oil such as the waste oil 70, the medical waste 20 can be efficiently dissolved. In addition, the handling property of the medical waste 20 is improved by treating the medical waste 20 together with the waste oil 70, and the waste oil 70 is also liquefied by the oiling apparatuses 14 and 16 to become the produced oil 60, so that the productivity is improved. Will improve.

  In the present embodiment, the gas introduction unit 180 sucks the gas inside the melting furnace 100 being heated and the gas inside the charging chamber 170 and introduces them into the heating unit 140. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pressure inside the melting furnace 100 from becoming higher than a predetermined pressure. In particular, since the medical waste 20 includes a plastic container containing moisture, when heated with oil, the plastic container melts and the water in the container comes into contact with high-temperature oil, so that the moisture Is likely to cause high pressure in the melting furnace 100 due to bumping. However, by adopting the above configuration, it is possible to prevent the inside of the melting furnace 100 from becoming a high pressure even when bumping occurs.

  The heating unit 140 burns the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170 introduced by the gas introduction unit 180 together with the fuel, and then releases the gas as exhaust gas to the outside through the exhaust port 159. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a gas that is not sufficiently sterilized from leaking to the outside of the dissolution apparatus 12, and a sterilization process can be performed safely and reliably. In addition, when the medical waste 20 is heated together with oil such as the waste oil 70, odor is generated from the oil, but the odor is generated after the gas in the melting furnace 100 is burned by the heating unit 140 and then exhausted to the outside. Can be prevented from leaking outside.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the combustible gas generated in the oil making device 14 or the oil making device 16 is supplied to the heating unit 140 via the combustible gas transfer pipe 22 or the combustible gas transfer pipe 32, and the heating unit 140 Adjusts the amount of fuel supplied from the fuel storage tank 240 by the fuel adjustment valve 146. Thereby, even if it is a case where the said combustible gas whose composition is unstable is utilized as a part of fuel, the temperature inside the melting furnace 100 is controllable.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an outline of the oil making apparatus 14. As shown in the figure, the oil refiner 14 includes an oil furnace 300 that thermally decomposes the medical waste 20 dissolved in the dissolver 12 together with waste oil 70, and a desalting that desalts the dry distillation gas generated in the oil furnace 300. It has a salt device 330, and a primary cooling tower 340 and a secondary cooling tower 342 that cool and condense the dry distillation gas desalted by the desalting device 330. The oil generator 14 also includes an excess furnace 360 that burns excess dry distillation gas, and a safety device 350 that is disposed between the secondary cooling tower 342 and the excess furnace 360.

  The oilification furnace 300 heats the reduced dissolution waste 40 obtained by the melting apparatus 12 to the thermal decomposition temperature of the reduced dissolution waste 40 in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state to generate dry distillation gas. The oil-fired furnace 300 is composed of an oil furnace body 310 having a substantially cylindrical shape that accommodates the decontaminated waste 40 obtained by the melting device 12, an upper lid portion 312 disposed on the oil-fired furnace body 310, A flange 316 that couples the furnace body 310 and the upper lid 312 and a heating unit 320 that is disposed so as to cover the oil reactor main body 310 and heats the oil reactor main body 310 are included. The heating unit 320 includes a burner 322 that burns fuel, a jacket 324 that circulates combustion gas and heats the oil reactor main body 310, and an exhaust port 326 that discharges combustion gas as exhaust gas to the outside.

  The oil-fired furnace 300 joins the oil-fired furnace main body 310 and the upper lid 312 after the reduced melting waste 40 is put into the oil-fired furnace main body 310, and starts heating the oil-fired furnace main body 310 by the heating unit 320. Thus, the temperature inside the oil reactor main body 310 is maintained at about 400 to 450 ° C. When the temperature inside the oil refiner main body 310 reaches about 400 ° C., thermal decomposition of the reduced-dissolution waste 40 starts, and dry distillation gas is generated and transferred to the desalinator 330 via the gas extraction unit 314.

  The desalting apparatus 330 includes a processing gas flow path 332 through which the dry distillation gas generated in the oil refiner main body 310 passes, a heating medium flow path 334 through which the exhaust gas from the heating unit 320 passes, and a suction for sucking out the exhaust gas from the heating unit 320. Fan 336. The processing gas channel 332 is provided with a neutralizing agent 333 containing CaO, and adsorbs and neutralizes and removes HCL in the dry distillation gas. Further, by passing the exhaust gas of the heating unit 320 through the heating medium flow path 334 and heating the inside of the processing gas flow path 332 to about 200 ° C., corrosion inside the processing gas flow path 332 due to HCL contained in the dry distillation gas is prevented. Can be prevented. Further, when the dry distillation gas or water vapor is cooled and condensed while passing through the processing gas channel 332, it is stored in the primary storage tank 370 through the drain pipe 337. Note that the heat exchange between the processing gas flow path 332 and the heating medium flow path 334 may be a parallel flow type or a counter flow type.

  The primary cooling tower 340 and the secondary cooling tower 342 cool the dry distillation gas to condense and liquefy the oil component in the dry distillation gas. The condensed liquid is stored in the primary storage tank 370. As the primary cooling tower 340 and the secondary cooling tower 342, for example, various heat exchangers such as a multi-tube type, a plate type, and a coil type can be used, and heat exchange is performed between the dry distillation gas and the cooling water through a partition wall. . Note that the cooling water 345 used for cooling the secondary cooling tower 342 may be reused for cooling the primary cooling tower 340. At this time, the temperature of the cooling water increases in the order of the cooling water 344, the cooling water 345, and the cooling water 346.

  Here, when a component having a small molecular weight is generated in the oil-fired furnace main body 310, it is not liquefied in the secondary cooling tower 342 and still remains in the dry distillation gas. The non-liquefied dry distillation gas passes through the safety device 350 and is then supplied to the combustion unit 152 of the melting device 12 through the combustible gas transfer pipe 22. The safety device 350 prevents backfire by passing the carbonized gas through water once. In addition, when the heating unit 140 of the melting apparatus 12 is stopped or the like, when the carbonization gas cannot be consumed by the melting apparatus 12, after passing through the safety device 350, it is combined with fuel by the burner 362 in the excess furnace 360. Burned. Moreover, when the excess furnace 360 is also stopped, it is transferred to the excess furnace of the oil generator 16.

  On the other hand, the product oil 60 obtained by liquefaction in the secondary cooling tower 342 or the like is temporarily stored in the primary storage tank 370 and then used as regenerated oil. In addition, a part of the generated oil 60 stored in the primary storage tank 370 is transferred to the secondary storage tank 372, and the burner 322 or burner 362 of the oil refiner 14, each burner of the oil refiner 16 or a melting device. Used as fuel for twelve burners 144. The oil making apparatus 16 has the same configuration and effects as the oil making apparatus 14.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the composition of the medical waste 20 on the composition of the product. As shown in the figure, the production amount of the produced oil 60 varies greatly depending on the composition of the medical waste 20. In the figure, sample A is a simulated sample containing PE, PP, and PS, and is contained in 50%, 20%, and 30% by weight, respectively. The simulated sample is sufficiently pyrolyzed at about 400 ° C., and then the weight of the product oil obtained by cooling and liquefying the dry distillation gas at room temperature, the weight of the dry distillation gas not liquefied, and the residue after pyrolysis The result of measuring the weight of is shown in the same figure. The weight of the dry distillation gas that was not liquefied was calculated by subtracting the weight of the product oil and the residue after pyrolysis from the weight of the sample added.

  Sample B contains 10% PVC by weight, 3% PET, and 87% Sample A. Sample C contains 8% PVC by weight, 10% PET, and 82% Sample A. Sample D contains 6% PVC by weight, 13% PET, metal pieces, and the like. Sample E contains 7% PVC by weight, 12% PET, metal pieces and the like. The results of experiments on these samples under the same conditions as Sample A are shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when the medical waste 20 contains PVC or PET, it is reduced during pyrolysis due to the action of chlorine or phthalic acid or phthalic acid ester contained as part of the plasticizer or raw material. Since the molecular weight molecule is easily generated and the generation ratio of the dry distillation gas that is not liquefied increases, the yield of the product oil 60 decreases. Medical waste contains more PVC and PET than other plastic wastes, and contains 30 to 50% PVC and PET by weight. Therefore, a large amount of non-liquefied dry distillation gas is generated. Therefore, by using the dry distillation gas that is not liquefied as the fuel of the melting device 12 as in the present embodiment, the energy efficiency of the entire pyrolysis system 10 can be particularly improved greatly.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the gas introduction unit 180 sucks the gas inside the melting furnace 100 being heated and the gas inside the charging chamber 170 and introduces them into the heating unit 140. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pressure inside the melting furnace 100 from becoming higher than a predetermined pressure. Further, the heating unit 140 burns the gas in the melting furnace 100 and the charging chamber 170 introduced by the gas introduction unit 180 together with the fuel, and then discharges the gas as exhaust gas to the outside through the exhaust port 159. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a gas that is not sufficiently sterilized from leaking to the outside of the dissolution apparatus 12, and a sterilization process can be performed safely and reliably. In addition, when the medical waste 20 is heated together with oil such as the waste oil 70, odor is generated from the oil, but the odor is generated after the gas in the melting furnace 100 is burned by the heating unit 140 and then exhausted to the outside. Can be prevented from leaking outside.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

It is a block diagram showing the outline of pyrolysis system 10 provided with melting device 12 concerning one embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the outline | summary of the melt | dissolution apparatus 12. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the melting device 12. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the outline | summary of the oilification apparatus. It is a figure which shows the influence which the composition of the medical waste 20 has on the composition of a product.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Thermal decomposition system, 12 Melting apparatus, 14 Oil refiner, 16 Oil refiner, 20 Medical waste, 22 Flammable gas transfer piping, 24 Product oil transfer means, 30 Melt, 32 Combustible gas transfer piping, 34 Product oil transfer Means, 40 Reduced waste, 42 Gas, 44 Gas, 50 Undissolved, 52 Thermometer, 54 Thermometer, 60 Production oil, 70 Waste oil, 90 Worker, 100 Melting furnace, 110 Melting furnace body, 111 Top plate , 112 Internal inlet, 113 Lower outlet, 114 flange, 115 flange, 116 Open / close guide, 117 Guide rail, 118 Open / close lid support, 119 Exhaust, 120 Internal open / close, 123 Open / close lid, 124 Rod, 125 Cylinder, 126 Seal guide, 130 Discharge part, 132 Discharge valve, 134 Screw conveyor, 136 Residue Feeding container, 138 wire, 140 heating section, 142 legs, 144 burner, 146 fuel regulating valve, 150 jacket, 152 combustion section, 153 combustion port, 154 intake gas introduction port, 155 combustible gas introduction port, 157 discharge portion introduction port 158 Exhaust pipe, 159 Exhaust port, 160 Insulating material, 170 Input chamber, 171 External input port, 172 External open / close unit, 173 Open / close lid, 174 rod, 175 cylinder, 176 sealed guide, 177 guide rail, 179 exhaust port, 180 Gas inlet, 182 melting furnace exhaust pipe, 183 charging chamber exhaust pipe, 184 junction point, 186 check valve, 187 intake fan, 188 intake gas introduction pipe, 210 truck, 212 storage, 214 lifter, 216 crane, 220 oil Storage tank, 230 rough crusher, 232 hoc Par, 234 Crushing roller, 236 Decrease waste storage tank, 240 Fuel storage tank, 300 Oilification furnace, 310 Oilification furnace main body, 312 Upper lid part, 314 Gas extraction part, 316 Flange, 320 Heating part, 322 Burner, 324 Jacket, 326 Exhaust port, 330 Desalting device, 332 Process gas flow path, 333 Neutralizing agent, 334 Heating medium flow path, 336 Suction fan, 337 Drain piping, 340 Primary cooling tower, 342 Secondary cooling tower, 344 Cooling water 345 Cooling water, 346 Cooling water, 350 Safety device, 360 Excess furnace, 362 Burner, 370 Primary storage tank, 372 Secondary storage tank

Claims (5)

A dissolving device for dissolving medical waste,
A melting furnace containing the medical waste;
A heating unit that heats the inside of the melting furnace to a sterilization temperature that is higher than a temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste melts and lower than a temperature of thermal decomposition of the medical waste by burning fuel; ,
When the melting furnace and the outside can be connected and disconnected, and when the melting furnace is connected to the outside during the heating of the melting furnace, the medical waste charged from the outside is stored and connected to the melting furnace A charging chamber for charging the stored medical waste into the melting furnace;
A gas introduction part that sucks the gas inside the melting furnace being heated and introduces it into the heating part,
The gas introduction part further sucks the gas inside the charging chamber being heated and introduces it into the heating part,
The said heating part is a melting apparatus which burns the gas of the said melting furnace and the said input chamber introduced with the said gas introduction part with a fuel.   The melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is heated in a state where oil is stored together with the medical waste.   The melting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the oil stored in the melting furnace is waste oil. The gas introduction part is
A melting furnace exhaust pipe connected to the melting furnace,
An input chamber exhaust pipe connected to the input chamber and joining the melting furnace exhaust pipe, and
The melting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a check valve disposed on the side of the input chamber with respect to the input point in the input chamber exhaust pipe. A dissolution method for dissolving medical waste,
By burning fuel in the heating section, the temperature of the melting furnace containing the medical waste is higher than the temperature at which at least a part of the medical waste is dissolved and higher than the temperature of thermal decomposition of the medical waste. A heating step to heat to a low sterilization temperature;
When the melting furnace and the outside are connected to and disconnected from the outside, when the melting furnace is heated, the medical waste charged from the outside is stored when connected to the outside, and connected to the melting furnace A charging step of charging the stored medical waste into the melting furnace;
A gas combustion step comprising: sucking gas inside the melting furnace being heated and gas inside the charging chamber, introducing the gas into the heating unit, and burning it.

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