JP2011110550A - Infectious medical waste treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sterilize infectious medical waste, specially controlled industrial waste, including chloride mixed in it as the top priority; and to perform liquefaction by thermal decomposition by crushing after sterilization to convert the residual into fuel. <P>SOLUTION: The substance to be treated is sterilized while stored in a pail can and then crushed. Then, it is desalinated by means of heat decomposition. The hydrogen chloride gas by desalination is treated by accelerating neutralization or catalytic oxidation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to infectious medical waste and general medical waste generated in hospitals as raw materials, and is crushed after sterilization and oil collection by pyrolysis and production of solid fuel of residue.

Among medical wastes generated in hospitals, infectious medical waste is regarded as a problem. In particular, in the second half of 2009 this year, even in Japan, an increasing number of young patients and the urgency that mortality increases.
When this specially controlled industrial waste is also sterilized, it is treated as general waste plastic, but it has been incinerated or landfilled with plasma or the like and has not been reused as a resource.

The reason for the prevention of reuse is the addition of additives during plastic production, which are light and strong, easy to process, can be colored, heat resistant, transparent, and prevent oxidation even when exposed to the sun or light. In order to make them function, a plasticizer is added to solve the problem.
Among them, plastics containing chlorine have been regarded as a problem. When heat treatment is performed, hydrogen chloride gas is generated and scattered in the air, and is absorbed by moisture in the air to become hydrochloric acid, which has been disposed of by landfill.

A large amount of vinyl chloride is mixed in medical waste and has not been reused until today, but the cause is chlorine. The tube used for dialysis of medical waste is vinyl chloride, and since the instillation is salt water, the total contamination ratio is 15% to 20%.
In these treatments, the pail can was manually put into a crusher, and the infectious medical waste contained in the pail can was crushed and sterilized, and then incinerated or landfilled as a general waste plastic.

When this medical waste is thermally decomposed and collected by condensation, about 60% of the waste plastic oil is removed, and the residue can be reused as a solid fuel.
The problem is the treatment of hydrogen chloride. Treatment methods include spraying an alkaline solution into hydrogen chloride gas, pushing gas into the liquid, or reacting with slaked lime, but lime remains in the residue, making it inappropriate as a solid fuel Therefore, it is still a problem to bring it into a management-type treatment plant after processing.

As a method for solving the problem, there is a method of neutralizing with alkali or removing or reducing the oxidizing ability of hydrogen chloride.
In addition, since the medical waste is completely sterilized before it is crushed, it helps to prevent contamination of workers and surrounding space. Reduce the amount of chlorine in the oil and solid fuel.

As an improvement measure, the inside of the pail can is sterilized and then crushed by a crusher to make small pieces, thereby reducing the oiling time and preventing space infection.
The other is to reduce the amount of chlorine contained in the liquefied oil to 500 PPM or less so that it can be used as a fuel oil, and to maintain 7000 kcal as a solid fuel with a chlorine content in the remaining residue of 1000 PPM or less. .
JP 2005-81092 A JP 7-216129 A Waste-friendly chemistry Waste oil and waste plastics Easy separation technology 30th anniversary publication of separation technology society

The problem to be solved is that chloride mixed in infectious medical waste is generated as hydrogen chloride gas by the thermal decomposition means, causing health problems for workers.
Also, infectious medical waste that is positioned as specially managed industrial waste is treated as non-sterilizable without breaking the pail.
Is it possible to sterilize as much as possible to solve the above problems, or is it possible to regenerate liquid fuel and solid fuel from various in-hospital wastes?

  The present invention is a means for sterilizing a container containing the infectious medical waste to be treated without crushed, giving priority to all processes and leading to a crushing process, thermal decomposition, desalting, and phthalic acid removal. So try to solve it.

  The medical waste treatment apparatus of the present invention is sterilized without destroying a container containing specially controlled industrial waste, and then crushed and thermally decomposed to prevent spatial contamination by infectious bacteria and infection to workers. Effective in preventing diffusion.

  First, the inside of a pail can containing infectious medical waste is sterilized, and then the pail can and its contents are crushed and oiled.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention, which is a process for supplying oil and solid fuel by thermally decomposing the crushed material through supply of infectious medical waste through sterilization, rough crushing and fine crushing. FIG.

  Pail can with infectious medical waste 2. 1. Conveyor 1. In order to maintain the room temperature by preventing the sterilizing high-temperature steam from blowing out, a gate is provided at the entrance to surround the three sides at the end.

  3. The movable sterilization chamber with the pail can stopped in place. 4. Lowering the nozzle, wraps the pail can from the outside and simultaneously moves up and down with the movable sterilization chamber Further, superheated steam whose temperature is increased by saturated induction steam is ejected and pierced in a pail can, and superheated steam of 500 ° C. or higher is inserted into the pail can and sterilized. High temperature sterilization is performed instantaneously and the outer wall of the pail can is not broken.

An apparatus for producing high-temperature superheated steam from saturated steam at the IH has already been filed in the inventor's name and will not be described.
6. After sterilization, the crushing chamber is lifted by the transfer conveyor as the movable sterilization chamber rises. 7. Pail cans are supplied to crushed and roughly crushed. Secondary crushing equipment after crushing 9. By the belt conveyor 10. 10. Feed hopper installed at high place. To send.

A rotary valve in which the plastic piece of medical waste sent to the supply hopper is joined to the lower part of the hopper 12. The primary pyrolyzer is dropped by the movement of the rotary valve mechanism. Is sent to.
Waste plastic and entrained air fed into the rotary valve are extracted with a vacuum pump. Since these movements have been filed in the inventor name, they will be omitted.
An IH coil is wound continuously around the primary pyrolyzer body and the bottom. This output is different from the oscillator output in terms of the temperature distribution and maximum temperature of the object to be heated, depending on the winding length of the IH coil, the pitch between the coils, the area around which the coil is wound, and the distance between the coil and the object to be heated. Details of the matter are omitted.

When the heating temperature in the tank of the primary pyrolyzer is heated to a temperature at which waste plastic that is solid is melted, chlorine contained in the solid is gasified as hydrogen chloride.
The primary cracking is desalting from solids to the extent that it is preferable that the oil component of the waste plastic is not decomposed, but it is gasified together to some extent.

As shown in FIG. More towers 18. In the tower tray, dirt-type trays that remove bumps with large molecules are provided at the top and bottom to remove them.
In this column tower, oil is extracted only at the bottom of the column tower due to the high temperature. Gas that does not condense is packed from the top of the tower. At the top of the column, the gas temperature drops and condenses and liquefies while combining or reacting with the packing.

  21. An apparatus for removing phthalic acid at an outlet temperature of the packed tower of 300 ° C. Crystals are precipitated by crystallization operation in a phthalic acid removing device multiple tube. The means is omitted because it has been filed in the inventor name.

  Total heat tower after treatment of hydrogen chloride gas and removal of terephthalic acid 21. Alternatively, the gas is cooled in the double pipe and the knockout drum 22. After the final liquid-liquid separation from the boots provided on the knockout drum, the seal drum 23. Finally, off-gas tank 25 while ensuring safety. Vacuum pump housed inside 24. To the atmosphere.

The above is the treatment of hydrogen chloride gas, and the melt in the remaining primary pyrolysis is the secondary pyrolyzer 14. And decompose at a higher decomposition temperature than the primary side. However, when the temperature is higher than 580 ° C., the amount of heavy oil increases.
The oiling operation on the secondary side is the same as that on the primary side, only the exhaust temperature is high.
In both the primary and secondary decomposition, the residue is flown down the hanging pipe by opening and closing the valve at the bottom of the decomposer, and a scraper installed in the water. Raise the solid fuel. In order to prevent air from entering during this operation, the seal pipe 15. Is inserted underwater.

  Water tank for treating primary pyrolysis solids 17. The fresh water inside is neutralized as appropriate because the pH value gradually becomes acidic with continuous treatment and generates odor.

  Not only infectious medical waste, which is specially managed industrial waste, but also treatment of general waste plastics and non-waste plastics in waste plastics.

It is explanatory drawing which showed the implementation method of the sterilization and crushing process of an infectious medical waste processing apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which showed the implementation method of the desalination and desalination process of an infectious medical waste processing apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which showed the implementation method of the secondary process made oily of an infectious medical waste processing apparatus.

1 Conveyor 2 Pail can (Infectious medical waste)
3 Sterilization room 4 Movable sterilization room 5 Superheated steam generator and nozzle 6 Heat shield 7 Primary crusher (coarse crushing)
8 Secondary crusher (fine crushing)
9 Secondary Conveyor 10 Belt Conveyor 11 Supply Hopper 12 Rotary Valve 13 Primary Pyrolysis Machine (Desalination Pyrolysis Machine)
14 Secondary pyrolysis machine (oilification pyrolysis machine)
15 Seal pipe 16 Raising machine 17 Cooling water tank 18 Stage tower 19 Packing tower 20 Phthalic acid removal device 21 Total heat tower 22 Knockout drum 23 Seal drum 24 Vacuum pump 25 Water tank 26 Oil tank 27 Oil tank

Claims (3)

  A container containing infectious medical waste, which is specially controlled industrial waste, is transported into a tunnel that encloses a part of the conveyor to be transported, and further encloses the outer periphery of the container. A medical waste treatment apparatus in which electromagnetic induction superheated steam is jetted to sterilize, and after sterilization, the container is crushed with a crusher and then thermally decomposed using electromagnetic induction heating.   In the subsequent process of the crusher described above, a fine crusher, a conveying facility for conveying the crushed material to the lower part of the crusher, a hopper for temporary storage, a quantitative supply rotary valve equipped with a deaeration means, and a cylindrical primary pyrolyzer are provided. And connecting the discharge valve provided on the bottom bottom plate and the secondary pyrolyzer wound with the electromagnetic induction coil in the same manner as the above pyrolyzer. The medical waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an end of the bottom pyrolyzer bottom discharge valve is immersed in water.   The medical waste treatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the exhaust gas from the primary pyrolyzer and the secondary pyrolyzer is sequentially introduced into the stage tower, packed tower, catalytic oxidation tower, phthalic acid remover, heat exchanger and seal drum. apparatus.

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