JP2009118569A - Power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a contact type power supply system having high safety. <P>SOLUTION: The power supply system has a structure in which a fixed body 10 has first power transmission electrode 11a and a second power transmission electrode 11b, a movable body 20 has a first power reception electrode 21a and a second power reception electrode 21b, and power can be supplied from the fixed body 10 to the movable body 20 in a state where the first power reception electrode 21a or the second power reception electrode 21b contacts the first power transmission electrode 11a or the second power transmission electrode 11b. In the power supply system, the fixed body 10 is provided with a control section 15 for applying a test voltage for confirming the normality of power supply to the first power transmission electrode 11a or the second power transmission electrode 11b and applying an operation voltage only when the normality is confirmed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system for supplying power to various loads.

  In general, a power supply system that supplies power to various loads arranged on the floor surface is a contact type that supplies power by bringing an electrode that is exposed on the floor surface into contact with an electrode provided on the bottom surface of the load. The power supply system can be broadly divided into a non-contact type power supply system that supplies power without contacting an electrode provided in a non-exposed state inside the floor with a load electrode.

  A conventional contact-type power supply system is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-168233. This system supplies power to a load (an object on the floor) that moves on the floor surface, and is configured by providing a plurality of power transmission electrodes on the floor surface and providing power reception electrodes on the floor object. Then, power is supplied to the object on the floor by bringing the power receiving electrode of the object on the floor moving on the floor surface into contact with one of the plurality of power transmission electrodes.

  On the other hand, a conventional non-contact power supply system is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-93704. This system supplies power to a load (a ground movable body) that moves along a traveling path. An induction wire is disposed along the traveling path, and an iron core in which a coil is wound around the ground movable body. Is provided. Then, a high-frequency current is passed through the induction wire, and electromagnetic induction is performed with the induction wire as the primary side and the coil as the secondary side, thereby supplying power to the ground movable body.

JP 2005-168233 A JP-A-9-93704

  The above-described conventional contact type system is superior to the non-contact type system in that power can be supplied through the contact surface, so that power supply efficiency is high and high voltage power can be supplied. However, in the contact type system, since the power transmission electrode is exposed on the floor surface, when water or the like is spilled on the floor surface, a short circuit occurs between the power transmission electrodes or the power transmission electrode touches the human body. There is a risk of electric shock, or even if an anti-electric shock structure is provided, there is psychological anxiety due to the exposed electrode, so introduction to places where people are present such as office spaces It was difficult.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a contact-type power supply system that can be easily introduced with high safety.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention according to claim 1 is for supplying power from a fixed body arranged in a power supply area to a movable body arranged in a power supply area. The fixed body has a first power transmission electrode and a second power transmission electrode, and the movable body has a first power reception electrode and a second power reception electrode, Either the first power receiving electrode or the second power transmitting electrode is in contact with either the first power receiving electrode or the second power receiving electrode, and the first power transmitting electrode or the second power transmitting electrode. A power supply system for supplying power from the fixed body to the movable body in a state where the other one of the first power receiving electrode or the second power receiving electrode is in contact with the other power transmitting electrode And the fixed body includes the first A test voltage for confirming the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is applied to the power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode and operates only when the normality is confirmed. Control means for applying a voltage is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to the first aspect, the fixed body is provided with power supply information for specifying necessity of power supply to the movable body or contents of power supply to the movable body. A power supply information acquisition means for acquiring is provided, and the control means of the stationary body is configured such that the test voltage or the operating voltage is based on the power supply information acquired by the power supply information acquisition means of the stationary body. It is characterized in that the necessity of application of the voltage or the content of the test voltage or the operating voltage is specified.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, the power supply information is power supply request information for requesting power supply from the movable body to the fixed body, and the movable body Provided with a communication means for transmitting the power supply request information, and the power supply information acquisition means of the fixed body is configured as a communication means for receiving the power supply request information from the communication means of the movable body. The control means, based on the power supply request information received by the communication means of the stationary body, whether to apply the test voltage or the operating voltage, or the contents of the test voltage or the operating voltage. It is characterized by specifying.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to the second aspect, the power supply information includes power supply instruction information for instructing the fixed body to supply power from a system management unit that manages the power supply system. Or it is internal determination information indicating the necessity of the power supply or the result of determining the content of the power supply inside the fixed body, and the control means of the fixed body includes the power supply instruction information or the internal determination information. On the basis of this, the necessity of applying the test voltage or the operating voltage, or the content of the test voltage or the operating voltage is specified.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body can be confirmed with the first power transmission electrode. It is confirmation that the second power transmission electrode is not short-circuited with each other.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is confirmed from the fixed body to the movable body. It is confirmation that the insulation in the electric power supply path | route which leads to is ensured.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to any one of the second to sixth aspects, the control means of the fixed body is the power acquired by the power supply information acquisition means of the fixed body. Based on supply information, a standby mode for grounding the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode of the stationary body, and the test voltage or the second power transmission electrode with respect to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode Switching between the operation mode in which the operating voltage is applied is performed.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the control means of the fixed body is configured to be connected to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode. An insulation state between the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode is diagnosed by applying a voltage of an insulation diagnosis level.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the present invention according to the eighth aspect, information storage means for storing information relating to the insulation state, and fluctuations in the insulation state based on the information stored in the information storage means It is characterized by comprising a fluctuation determining means for determining.

  The present invention according to claim 10 is the present invention according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first power transmitting electrode or the second power receiving electrode with respect to the first power receiving electrode or the second power receiving electrode is used. An adjustment means for adjusting the relative position of the power transmission electrode is provided.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the operating voltage is not applied when there is an abnormality in the normality of the power supply, it is possible to eliminate dangers such as an electric shock and a short circuit, and increase the safety of the power supply system. In addition, it is easy to introduce the device into a place where a person is present, and the failure of the movable body can be avoided.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to apply a voltage according to a required position and content by determining whether or not to apply a voltage based on the power supply information and the content thereof. For example, even when a power transmission electrode to be transmitted is switched as the movable body moves, by automatically identifying a power transmission electrode that requires voltage application, a power transmission electrode that does not require voltage application is identified. It is possible to prevent the voltage from being applied. Alternatively, even when power is transmitted to a plurality of movable bodies having different operating voltages, a situation in which a voltage exceeding the operating voltage of the movable body is applied by automatically specifying the operating voltage of each movable body. Can be prevented. From these things, the safety | security of an electric power supply system can be improved further.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since it is determined whether or not the voltage is applied based on the power supply request information and the content thereof, the voltage can be supplied in a form that matches the active request from the movable body.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, since the necessity of voltage application and the content thereof are determined based on the power supply instruction information from the system management means, for example, the system management means integrally manages a plurality of movable bodies, The presence / absence of power supply to each movable body and the contents thereof can be controlled in an integrated manner. Alternatively, since the necessity of voltage application and the content thereof are determined based on the internal determination information, for example, even when the movable body does not have a function of transmitting power supply request information, the presence or absence of power supply to the movable body and the content thereof on the fixed body side Can be controlled.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the operating voltage is applied only when there is no short circuit, for example, the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode operate in a state where they are short-circuited with each other by a foreign object or the like. A situation where a voltage is applied can be avoided, and the safety of the power supply system can be further enhanced.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the operating voltage is applied only when the insulation is normally maintained, for example, the insulating material between the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode is worn. Thus, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the operating voltage is applied in a state where the insulation is damaged, and the safety of the power supply system can be further enhanced.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, for example, the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode are grounded by setting the standby mode until the power supply information is obtained, so that no voltage is applied, and predetermined power supply is performed. Since it is possible to switch the presence or absence of voltage application based on the power supply information, such as applying an operating voltage to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode only when information is obtained, the safety of the power supply system Can be further enhanced.

  According to the eighth aspect of the invention, for example, in a state where the movable body is not disposed, the insulation state can be determined in more detail by applying a voltage of an insulation diagnosis level that is a voltage higher than the operating voltage of the movable body. The safety of the power supply system can be further increased.

  According to the invention according to claim 9, since the degree of wear or deterioration of the power transmission electrode during long-term use can be determined by determining the variation in the insulation state, the safety of the power supply system can be further enhanced. it can.

  According to the invention of claim 10, since the power can be supplied after adjusting the relative position of the fixed body with respect to the movable body, the relative position between the movable body and the fixed body can be adjusted even under various circumstances. It can establish stably and can supply electric power in a suitable state. In particular, when electric power is supplied to an electric vehicle, a conventional cable is not necessary, and various problems due to the presence of the cable can be solved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, [I] the basic concept common to each embodiment was explained, then [II] the specific contents of each embodiment were explained, and [III] finally, a modification to each embodiment was explained. To do. However, the present invention is not limited by these embodiments.

[I] Basic concept common to the embodiments First, the basic concept common to the embodiments will be described. The power supply system according to each embodiment is a power supply system for supplying power to a predetermined load from a fixed body arranged in a power supply area via a movable body arranged in a power supply area. It is. The specific configuration of the power supply area and the power supply area is arbitrary, for example, an internal space of a building such as a general house, an office building, a factory, a hospital, or a studio, an internal space of a vehicle such as a train or an airplane, or Including outdoor space. Hereinafter, a surface that partitions the power supply region and the power supplied region from each other is referred to as a boundary surface. For example, when the power supply area is a room of a building and the power supply area is a floor of the room, the upper surface (floor surface) of the floor is a boundary surface.

  The fixed body includes one provided with a power source inside the fixed body and one that supplies power supplied from a power source outside the fixed body to the movable body. This fixed body is disposed in the power supply area, but is attached to the floor of the power supply area, is configured like a desk or table, and is placed in the power supply area only during power supply, and The thing which can adjust the position of a part of fixed body to a movable body is included.

  The movable body includes one that is used in a stationary state in the power supply area (stationary body) and one that moves as necessary within the power supply area (moving body). The function and specific configuration of the movable body are arbitrary except for special points. For example, the stationary body may be an electric device such as a computer or a household appliance, or an electric vehicle that is stopped in a power supply area when power is supplied. Examples of the moving body include a robot, an electric wheelchair, and an electric toy.

  In each embodiment, electric power is supplied from the fixed body to the movable body in a state where a part of the fixed body and a part of the movable body are in contact with each other. For example, the power transmission electrode provided on the fixed body is disposed in an exposed manner on the boundary surface, and the power receiving electrode provided on the movable body is disposed in an exposed manner on the boundary surface. Then, by supplying power in a state where the power transmission electrode and the power reception electrode are in contact with each other, highly efficient power supply can be performed. However, a conductive material may be interposed between the power transmission electrode and the power reception electrode. That is, in the present embodiment, “contacting the power transmitting electrode and the power receiving electrode with each other” includes all states in which mutual conductivity between the power transmitting electrode and the power receiving electrode is ensured. As a specific example in the case of interposing a substance in this way, there can be mentioned a case where a conductive plate for enhancing design, slipperiness, or durability is laid on the upper surface of the power transmission electrode.

  In such a configuration, one of the basic features common to the respective embodiments is that power supply control is performed to improve safety. That is, the voltage applied from the fixed body to the movable body is divided into a plurality of stages according to the voltage level, and the voltage is applied according to the situation, thereby ensuring the safety of power supply. For example, the normality of the power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is first diagnosed by applying a minute voltage for testing, and power is supplied to the movable body only when this normality is confirmed. Apply operating voltage. For this reason, since the voltage for operation | movement is not applied to the electrode which has abnormality, such as an electric leakage, a short circuit, an electric shock, or the electrode which is not in contact with a movable body, the safety | security in an electric power supply system can be improved.

  In the following description, “test voltage” means that the fixed body is applied to the power transmission electrode in order to confirm the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body in a state where the movable body is connected to the fixed body. It is a general term for the voltage to be applied. The test voltage is a voltage applied to determine that there is no short circuit between the power transmission electrodes (hereinafter referred to as “first test voltage”) and insulation in the power supply path from the fixed body to the movable body. A voltage applied to determine whether or not (hereinafter referred to as “second test voltage”). However, the determination of insulation is not only performed in a state in which the movable body is connected to the fixed body (the determination in this state is referred to as “test”), but the movable body is not connected to the fixed body. There is also a determination performed in the state (the determination in this state is referred to as “diagnosis”), and the voltage applied in the former case is referred to as the second test voltage described above. Insulation diagnostic voltage "). The “operating voltage” is a general term for voltages that the fixed body applies to the power transmission electrode in order to supply power from the fixed body to the movable body in a state where the movable body is connected to the fixed body. In the following description, the “current voltage” is the voltage of the movable body at each time point. For example, when a power storage unit is provided in the movable body and power is supplied from the power storage unit to the load of the movable body. The open circuit voltage across the power storage unit. As a matter of course, in order to supply power from the fixed body to the movable body, it is necessary to set the operating voltage to be equal to or higher than the current voltage. And the voltage which a fixed body applies to a power transmission electrode like these 1st test voltage, 2nd test voltage, insulation diagnostic voltage, and operating voltage is named generically "application voltage."

  In each of the following embodiments, an example in which DC power is supplied from a fixed body to a movable body is shown, but a specific circuit configuration is not limited to that shown in each embodiment, and a known circuit is used. Can be used. If necessary voltage control is possible, AC power may be supplied instead of DC power, and a known circuit can be used as a specific circuit configuration for this AC power.

[II] Specific Contents of Each Embodiment Next, specific contents of each embodiment of the power supply system will be described.

[Embodiment 1]
First, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. This form is a basic form of a power supply system that performs contact power supply.

(overall structure)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a living room to which the power supply system according to the present embodiment is applied. In this embodiment, a movable body (in FIG. 1, a robot in FIG. 1) moves inside a power supplied area (here, a living room) 2 from a fixed body 10 arranged in an electric power supply area (here, a space below the floor). ) 20 shows an example of supplying electric power to the electric power supply system of the present embodiment including the fixed body 10 and the movable body 20. Here, the floor portion 3 is interposed between the fixed body 10 and the movable body 20, and the upper surface of the floor portion 3 corresponds to the above-described boundary surface.

(Overall structure-fixed body)
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the fixed body 10 and the movable body 20. The fixed body 10 includes a first power transmission electrode 11a on the anode side, a second power transmission electrode 11b on the GND side, a DC power source 12, a voltage conversion unit 13, a communication unit 14, and a control unit 15. .

  Each of the first power transmission electrode 11 a and the second power transmission electrode 11 b is a flat conductor, and is embedded in the floor portion 3 so that the upper surface thereof is exposed to the power supplied region 2. In particular, the upper surfaces of the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b and the upper surface of the floor 3 are flush with each other, and the movable body 20 can move smoothly on these upper surfaces. . Hereinafter, when it is not necessary to distinguish the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b from each other, these are simply collectively referred to as “power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b”.

  The DC power source 12 is a DC power supply source. For example, the DC power source 12 is configured as a conversion device that converts commercial power transmitted through a transmission line into DC power, or configured as a storage battery. In FIG. 2, in addition to the fixed body 10 shown in FIG. 2 via the common anode line 12a and the GND line 12b from one DC power supply 12, other fixed bodies 10 not shown in FIG. Although an example in which DC power is supplied is shown, one DC power source 12 may be provided for each fixed body 10. In FIG. 2, a configuration for supplying power to the communication unit 14 and the control unit 15 is omitted, but the DC power source 12 and a power source different from the DC power source 12 are passed through an arbitrary path. Power can be supplied to the communication unit 14 and the control unit 15.

  The voltage converter 13 is a direct current / direct current converter (DC / DC converter), converts the voltage of the direct current power supplied from the direct current power source 12 into a required applied voltage, and supplies it to the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b. The specific configuration of the voltage conversion unit 13 is arbitrary, and a switched capacitor or a charge pump can be used. Here, the voltage conversion unit 13 is configured as a switching regulator, and the switching unit 13a and the inductor 13b. , A smoothing capacitor 13c, and a detection unit 13d.

The switching unit 13a is a conversion unit that converts the DC power supplied from the DC power supply 12 into high-frequency power by switching. Specifically, the switching unit 13a includes transistors 13a ₁ and 13a ₂ , diodes 13a ₃ and 13a ₄ connected in parallel to the transistors 13a ₁ and 13a ₂ , and a switching control unit 13a _5. Yes. Transistor 13a _1, the switching control unit 13a ₅ base, a collector anode lines 12a, is connected to the emitter to the first transmission electrodes 11a, by being switched by the switching control unit 13a _5, supplied from the DC power supply 12 DC power to be converted into high-frequency chopping wave power. Since a large current from the anode line flows in the transistor 13a ₁ , for example, a power transistor is used. Transistor 13a _2, the switching control unit 13a ₅ of the base, the first transmission electrode 11a and collector is connected to the GND line 12b to emitter, ON the applied voltage at the switching control unit 13a ₅ when the GND voltage State. The transistor 13a _2, to flow only relatively small current, it is possible to use a transistor with small current capacity as compared with the transistor 13a _1. In addition, by using a normally-on transistor as the transistor 13a ₂ , power for grounding the power transmission electrode 11a in a standby mode to be described later becomes unnecessary, and power saving of the system can be achieved. The diodes 13a ₃ and 13a ₄ are backflow prevention diodes that prevent backflow of current from the collectors to the emitters of the transistors 13a ₁ and 13a ₂ . The switching control unit 13a ₅ communicates with the communication unit 14 and the control unit 15, and performs PWM (pulse width modulation) control of switching of the transistors 13a ₁ and 13a ₂ according to the communication content.

  A direct current component is acquired from the power thus supplied by the inductor 13b and the smoothing capacitor 13c, and this direct current component is supplied to the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b. Note that a coil can be used as the inductor 13b.

  The detector 13d detects the current supplied to the first power transmission electrode 11a. For example, it is configured as a Hall element, and is connected in series between the inductor 13b and the first power transmission electrode 11a. The detection unit 13d is connected to the control unit 15 via a communication line, and the detection result of the detection unit 13d is output to the control unit 15.

The communication unit 14 communicates with a later-described communication unit 27 provided on the movable body 20, and corresponds to the power supply information acquisition unit and the communication unit in the claims. Although the specific configuration of the communication unit 14 is arbitrary, for example, the communication unit 14 is configured using RF / MAC that performs RF communication using the MAC protocol. The communication unit 14 preferably performs stable communication without being affected by switching noise by performing communication at a carrier frequency sufficiently higher than the switching frequency of the switching unit 13a. The communication unit 14 is communicably connected to the switching control unit 13a ₅ as illustrated. The communication unit 14 is coupled to the power line from the transistor 13a ₁ to the first power transmission electrode 11a via a capacitor, and to the power line from the second power transmission electrode 11b to the GND line 12b. Coupled through a capacitor. Although the specific communication method by this communication part 14 is arbitrary and can also employ | adopt wireless communication, for example, the communication part 14 which concerns on this Embodiment superimposes a communication signal on an electric current, and is power transmission electrode 11a, 11b. In addition to transmitting to the movable body 20 side via the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b, a communication signal component is filtered using a filter from the current supplied from the movable body 20 side via the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b and the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b. To separate.

The control unit 15 controls the fixed body 10 and corresponds to the control means in the claims. The control unit 15 is communicably connected to the switching control unit 13 a ₅ via a communication line, and is connected to the server 5 via the HUB 4. Switching control is performed according to a control signal from the server 5. through the parts 13a ₅ performs various control operations. However, it is possible to perform independent control by incorporating an independent control program into the control unit 15 and omit the HUB 4 and the server 5. In addition, the communication connection destination of the control unit 15 can be other than the server 5, for example, by performing communication with the control unit 15 of another adjacent stationary body 10, a plurality of communication destinations arranged in the power supply region 1. The fixed bodies 10 can be interlocked with each other. The specific configuration of the control unit 15 is arbitrary, but includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a program interpreted and executed on the CPU (the same applies to the control unit 28 described later).

(Overall structure-movable body)
Next, the configuration of the movable body 20 will be described. The movable body 20 includes a first power receiving electrode 21a, a second power receiving electrode 21b, a connection unit 22, a power storage unit 23, a protection unit 24, a voltage conversion unit 25, a load 26, a communication unit 27, and a control unit 28. Configured. In FIG. 2, a configuration for supplying power to the communication unit 27 and the control unit 28 is omitted, but power is supplied to the communication unit 27 and the control unit 28 in the same manner as the power supply to the load 26. Can be supplied.

  The 1st receiving electrode 21a or the 2nd receiving electrode 21b receives the electric power supplied from the fixed body 10, and is each a flat conductor. The first power receiving electrode 21a or the second power receiving electrode 21b is disposed in a direction substantially parallel to the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b and exposed at the bottom of the movable body 20. Hereinafter, when it is not necessary to distinguish the first power receiving electrode 21a and the second power receiving electrode 21b from each other, these are simply collectively referred to as “power receiving electrodes 21a, 21b”.

  The connection unit 22 connects the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b and the voltage conversion unit 25 to each other (however, when the voltage conversion unit 25 is omitted, the power reception electrodes 21a and 21b and the load 26 are connected to each other). ), Corresponding to the connection means in the claims. Specifically, the connection unit 22 includes four diodes 22a to 22d. This connecting portion 22 is connected to the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b so that the power from the fixed body 10 can be always supplied to the voltage converting portion 25 regardless of the orientation of the movable body 20 with respect to the fixed body 10. The parts 25 are connected to each other with an appropriate polarity. That is, when the movable body 20 is arranged in the power supplied area 2 in a random direction, or when the movable body 20 arranged in the power supplied area 2 moves in the power supplied area 2 in a random direction. Is either the first power receiving electrode 21a or the second power receiving electrode 21b disposed opposite to the first power transmitting electrode 11a, or is disposed opposite to the second power transmitting electrode 11b. It cannot be specified which of the first power receiving electrode 21a and the second power receiving electrode 21b (hereinafter, the state of mutual facing between the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b and the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b is referred to as “electrode facing state”. "). Therefore, by providing the connection portion 22, power supply is continued so as to match the polarity of the voltage conversion portion 25 regardless of the electrode facing state.

  For example, in the electrode facing state shown in FIG. 2, the first power receiving electrode 21a is in contact with the first power transmitting electrode 11a, and the second power receiving electrode 21b is in contact with the second power transmitting electrode 11b. In this case, the current from the first power receiving electrode 21a flows to the anode side of the voltage converter 25 via the diode 22b, and the inflow to the cathode side of the voltage converter 25 is blocked by the diode 22a. On the other hand, in the electrode facing state of FIG. 3, the second power receiving electrode 21b is in contact with the first power transmitting electrode 11a, and the first power receiving electrode 21a is in contact with the second power transmitting electrode 11b. In this case, the current from the second power receiving electrode 21b flows to the anode side of the voltage conversion unit 25 via the diode 22c, and the inflow to the cathode side of the voltage conversion unit 25 is blocked by the diode 22d. Therefore, the polarity of power supply to the voltage conversion unit 25 can be maintained at an appropriate polarity. However, when the electrode facing state can be specified as one state, the connection portion 22 may be omitted by adopting a connection structure that matches the state.

  The power storage unit 23 stores the DC power supplied from the fixed body 10 and supplies the stored power to the voltage conversion unit 25. The power storage unit 23 can store a power storage capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor, A secondary battery can be used.

  The protection unit 24 is a protection means for protecting the power storage unit 23 by preventing an overvoltage from being applied to the power storage unit 23. For example, a conductor thyristor can be used.

  The voltage conversion unit 25 transforms the voltage of the DC power supplied from the power storage unit 23 into a desired voltage in the load 26 and then supplies the voltage to the load 26. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the withstand voltage of power storage unit 23 is lower than the rated voltage of load 26 and the power from power storage unit 23 is boosted to the rated voltage by voltage conversion unit 25 and then supplied to load 26. Therefore, the voltage conversion unit 25 is provided. However, when the withstand voltage of the power storage unit 23 can be made equal to the rated voltage, or when power can be supplied to the load 26 without going through the power storage unit 23, the voltage conversion unit 25 is omitted, and the operating voltage of the fixed body 10 May be the rated voltage of the load 26. Note that the voltage conversion unit 25 can be configured, for example, in the same manner as the voltage conversion unit 13, and thus the details thereof are omitted.

  The load 26 is driven by DC power supplied via the fixed body 10 and exhibits a predetermined function. For example, when the movable body 20 is configured as a robot as shown in FIG. 1, the load 26 corresponds to a motor or a control unit built in the robot. In addition, the specific configuration of the load 26 is arbitrary. For example, the communication device performs transmission / reception of communication signals between the movable body 20 and a device outside the movable body 20 wirelessly or by wire, and information that performs information processing on various types of information. A processing device, a sensor that detects a predetermined detection target in the power supply region 2 and outputs a signal related to the detection result to the predetermined device, or a power source that transmits and receives power to a device outside the movable body 20 (for example, a power storage Device). The load 26 is not necessarily provided inside the movable body 20. The load 26 is provided outside the movable body 20, and power is supplied to the load 26 via the movable body 20. Good. 1 to 3 show only one load 26, power may be supplied to a plurality of loads 26 connected in series or in parallel to each other.

  The communication unit 27 communicates with the communication unit 14 of the fixed body 10. The communication unit 27 is configured in the same manner as the communication unit 14 except for special points. The communication unit 27 is coupled to a power line extending from the first power receiving electrode 21a to the connection unit 22 via a capacitor, and is connected to the power line extending from the connection unit 22 to the second power receiving electrode 21b. Are connected through. The communication unit 27 superimposes the communication signal on the current and transmits the signal to the fixed body 10 via the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b and the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b, and also transmits the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b and the power receiving from the fixed body 10 side. A communication signal component is separated from the current supplied through the electrodes 21a and 21b using a filter (not shown).

  The control unit 28 is a control unit that controls the movable body 20. The control unit 28 is communicably connected to the communication unit 27 and the load 26 via a communication line, and transmits information on the load 26 to the fixed body 10 via the communication unit 27.

(Overall configuration-details of power transmission electrode)
Next, the shape and arrangement position of the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b of the fixed body 10 will be described in more detail. 4 is a perspective view of the periphery of the floor portion of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an arrangement relationship between the power supply sheet 30 and the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b (here, the plurality of power supply sheets 30 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the power supply sheet 30. FIG. 6 shows movable bodies 20 </ b> A to 20 </ b> D arranged in different directions. In addition, although each part other than the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b of the fixed body 10 is actually covered with the floor portion 3 and arranged in an unexposed state, the floor portion 3 is removed in FIG. The state which exposed each part is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of power supply sheets 30 are laid on the floor 3. Each of the power supply sheets 30 has a square shape in plan view, and includes all or a predetermined part of the components of the fixed body 10 as shown in FIG. In this configuration, since the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b can be installed on a sheet basis, it is easy to install the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b and to adjust the number of installed power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b. When the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b are arranged side by side in this way, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the communication unit 14 of the fixed body 10 is connected to the pair of first power transmission electrode 11a and second power transmission electrode 11b. One control unit 15 is provided for each power supply sheet 30. It is preferable that the laying range of the power supply sheet 30 corresponds to the power supplied area 2. For example, when the entire area of the living room is the power supplied area 2, the entire area below the floor portion 3 of the living room. Preferably, the power supply sheet 30 is laid on the power supply sheet 30. Alternatively, when only a part of the living room is the power supply area 2, the power supply sheet 30 is provided only below the floor 3 of the living room corresponding to the part. May be laid.

  In each power supply sheet 30, a plurality of power transmission electrodes 11 a, 11 b are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval from each other in order to increase the laying efficiency of the power transmission electrodes 11 a, 11 b per unit area. In particular, the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b are arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction so that the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b adjacent in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction shown in the figure have different polarities. They are arranged alternately (in FIGS. 5 and 6, the first power transmission electrode 11a is indicated by a white square and the second power transmission electrode 11b is indicated by a diagonal square with a diagonal line). Each of the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b has a rectangular planar shape so that the performance difference depending on the direction is minimized.

(Overall configuration-details of receiving electrode)
Next, the shape and arrangement position of the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b of the movable body 20 will be described in more detail. At least one first power receiving electrode 21a and second power receiving electrode 21b may be provided for one movable body 20, but here, as shown in FIG. By arranging a plurality of first power receiving electrodes 21a and second power receiving electrodes 21b for 20D, a required power receiving area is ensured as a whole. In this manner, when a plurality of first power receiving electrodes 21a and a plurality of second power receiving electrodes 21b are arranged on one movable body 20A to 20D, the parallel arrangement of the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b is arbitrary, as shown in FIG. In addition to a rectangular shape, a circular shape may be used. The individual planar shapes of the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b may be circular as shown in FIG.

  5 and 6, each of the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b has a circular planar shape as described above, and this circular diameter is larger than the interval between the plurality of power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b. It is determined to be sufficiently small. Therefore, even when the movable bodies 20A to 20D are arranged in various directions as shown in FIG. 5, one power receiving electrode 21a, 21b does not straddle both of the plurality of power transmitting electrodes 11a, 11b at the same time. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a short circuit from occurring between the one power receiving electrode 21a, 21b and the plurality of power transmitting electrodes 11a, 11b. According to this structure, each receiving electrode 21a, 21b can be arrange | positioned in arbitrary positions, and the freedom degree of the movement of the movable body 20 can be raised.

(Overall configuration-server)
In FIG. 2, the server 5 manages the power supply system and corresponds to the system management means in the claims. The server 5 can be configured in the same manner as a known information processing apparatus. For example, a storage device as information storage means for storing information relating to an insulation state, or a control unit as a fluctuation determination means for determining fluctuations in the insulation state Is provided. Although the system management means is shown here as the server 5, any information processing apparatus that performs information processing for system management can be used as the system management means.

(Power supply control)
Next, power supply control in the fixed body 10 and the movable body 20 configured as described above will be described. In this control, a plurality of modes are switched to each other. This mode is shown in FIG. The “stop mode” is a mode in which the power supply from all the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b is stopped, and is based on the assumption that no movable body is arranged in the power supplied region, and for all the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b. The applied voltage is 0 (v) (no voltage applied). The “standby mode” is a state in which power can be supplied to the movable body, but the applied voltage to the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b to which the movable body is not actually connected is set to 0 (v) (no voltage applied). This is a mode to ensure safety. In this standby mode, when a movable body is actually connected to the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b, only the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b are shifted to the “operation mode”. This “operation mode” is divided into two parts, “test stage” and “power feeding stage”. The “test stage” is a stage where a short circuit test or an insulation test is performed, and a test voltage is applied. More specifically, first, the applied voltage is set to a predetermined minute voltage in order to perform a short circuit test, and then the applied voltage is increased from the minute voltage to the current voltage of the movable body 20 in order to perform an insulation test. . The “power supply stage” is a stage in which power is supplied to the movable body 20, and the applied voltage is used as the operating voltage of the movable body 20. The “insulation diagnosis mode” is a mode in which the insulation test is performed more strictly than in the test stage, and the applied voltage is boosted to a predetermined insulation diagnosis voltage (high voltage equal to or higher than the operating voltage).

  Among these modes, the stop mode is a mode that is selected in a time zone where power supply should be completely stopped (for example, during maintenance of the power supply system). For example, the user manually turns off the main power supply of the power supply system. To be executed. The standby mode and the operation mode are modes that are selected in a time zone (for example, a factory operating time zone) in which power supply to the movable body is necessary, and the insulation diagnosis mode is a power supply to the movable body. This mode is selected in a time zone that does not need to be performed (eg, a non-operation time zone of a factory). When the main power supply of the power supply system is turned on, the standby mode, the operation mode, and the insulation diagnosis mode are automatically switched to each other. For example, the control unit 15 of the stationary body automatically determines whether or not each of these time zones has arrived based on an internal timer or the like, and according to the determination result, the standby mode or the operation mode, and the insulation diagnosis mode And switch between each other.

(Power supply control-standby mode or operation mode)
The standby mode or the operation mode will be described. FIG. 8 is a flowchart of power supply control in the standby mode or the operation mode, and FIG. 9 is a time chart showing changes in the applied voltage in the stationary body 10. The controller 15 of the fixed body 10 is set to the standby mode in the initial state after the main power is turned on (step SA-1), and the power supply request information from the movable body 20 (corresponding to the power supply information in the claims). It is monitored whether or not there is (step SA-2). Specifically, the control unit 15 supplies power to the communication unit 14 of the fixed body 10 to place the communication unit 14 in an activated state so that the power supply information from the communication unit 27 of the movable body 20 can be monitored. . Further, in this standby mode, the control unit 15 ensures safety by controlling the switching unit 13a so as to ground the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b.

  Thereafter, when the movable body 20 is disposed above the fixed body 10 and the power supply information from the communication unit 27 of the movable body 20 is received via the communication unit 14 (step SA-2, Yes), the control unit 15 Shifts to the test stage of the operation mode (step SA-3). In this test stage, the control unit 15 executes a short-circuit test that is the first diagnostic item. Specifically, the control unit 15 controls the voltage conversion unit 13 to apply a predetermined minute voltage, which is a first test voltage, to the movable body 20 via the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b (step SA-4). And the control part 15 determines the presence or absence of a short circuit by detecting an electric current value via the detection part 13d, and comparing this electric current value with a predetermined threshold value (step SA-5).

  When there is a short circuit (step SA-5, Yes), the control unit 15 controls the voltage conversion unit 13 to immediately stop power supply (step SA-6), and the server 5 via the HUB 4 has an abnormality. Also, the position information of the occurrence of the abnormality (for example, the ID and location information of the fixed body 10 stored in advance in the fixed body 10) is notified (step SA-7). Thereafter, when the fact that the restoration of the power supply system is completed is input to the control unit 15 by an arbitrary method (step SA-8, Yes), the control unit 15 again shifts to the standby mode in step SA-1.

  On the other hand, when there is no short circuit (step SA-5, No), the insulation test which is the next diagnostic item is performed. Specifically, the control unit 15 controls the voltage conversion unit 13 to boost the applied voltage within the range equal to or lower than the current voltage to obtain the second test voltage (step SA-9). The current voltage at this time is specified by, for example, the movable body 20 including its own current voltage in the power supply information and transmitting it, and receiving this power supply information on the stationary body 10 side in step SA-2. Alternatively, in addition to the current voltage, information for specifying the current voltage (for example, power consumption or current consumption) may be included in the power supply information. The specific boosting method to reach this current voltage is arbitrary and can be boosted at once, but can be boosted stepwise in a multi-step manner or boosted in pulses. Then, for example, for each boosting step or each boosting pulse, the current value is detected via the detection unit, and the current value is compared with a predetermined threshold value, whereby the power supply path from the fixed body 10 to the movable body 20 is detected. Insulation normality is determined (step SA-10). As a case where it is determined that there is an abnormality in insulation, for example, when leakage current occurs because the insulation between the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b is damaged due to deterioration of the floor 3 or the like, In the case where leakage current is generated due to an insulation failure inside 10, or when leakage current is generated because of insulation failure inside the movable body 20 (for example, from the receiving electrodes 21a and 21b) And a case where leakage occurs in the path leading to the diodes 22a to 22d). If there is an insulation abnormality (step SA-10, Yes), the process proceeds to step SA-6 described above.

  On the other hand, when there is no insulation abnormality (step SA-10, No), the control unit 15 controls the voltage conversion unit 13 to shift to the power supply stage of the operation mode (step SA-11), and the applied voltage is changed to the current voltage. By raising the voltage to the above operating voltage, power is supplied to the movable body 20 (step SA-12). This operating voltage is transformed by the voltage converter 25 and supplied to the load 26. The control unit 15 monitors the normality of the power transmission state by the same method as in the test stage even during the transmission of the operating voltage. If there is an abnormality, the control unit 15 proceeds to step SA-6 described above. Good.

Here, the waveform of the current supplied in the switching operation by repeating the fully open state or the completely stopped state of the transistor 13a ₁ is a square wave as shown in FIG. 10A, and for this reason, the frequency band of the current is As shown in FIG. 10B, a relatively wide band is obtained. In this case, there is a possibility that this frequency band interferes with the communication frequency band and causes a communication failure. In order to prevent this problem, for example, the amplitude of the current is modulated using the transistor 13a ₁ and the current waveform is changed to a non-square wave as shown in FIG. It is preferable to use a narrow band as shown in 11 (b). However, in this case, since the transistor 13a ₁ generates heat due to resistance loss, it is preferable to use a SiC power transistor having high heat resistance as the transistor 13a ₁ . Alternatively, a low-pass filter (Low Pass Filter) may be provided after the transistor 13a ₁ to remove harmonic components of the current.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 again, when power transmission is completed (step SA-13, Yes), voltage application is stopped (step SA-14), and the process returns to the standby mode of step SA-1. The method for determining the completion of power transmission is arbitrary. For example, when power transmission is performed for a predetermined time, it is determined that power transmission is completed, or the charge state of the power storage unit 23 is monitored by a known method in the movable body 20 and charging is performed. May be notified to the fixed body 10 via the communication unit 27, or the movable body 20 moves to move the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b and the power reception electrodes 21a and 21b. Power transmission may be performed until contact is interrupted.

  In the operation mode, the voltage may not be applied through all the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b, but may be applied only through the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b that have received the power transmission request from the movable body 20. preferable. In this case, a person can safely walk or the like by maintaining the other power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b in a no-voltage application state.

(Power supply control-insulation diagnosis mode)
Next, the insulation diagnosis mode will be described. FIG. 12 is a flowchart of power supply control in the insulation diagnosis mode, and FIG. 13 is a time chart showing changes in applied voltage in the stationary body 10. The control unit 15 of the fixed body 10 is set to the insulation diagnosis mode when a predetermined time zone has arrived, and performs insulation diagnosis (step SB-1). Specifically, the control unit 15 applies a predetermined insulation diagnosis voltage that exceeds the operating voltage of the movable body to all the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b (step SB-2). By applying the insulation diagnostic voltage which is a high voltage in this way, it can be expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The method of boosting up to the insulation diagnosis voltage is arbitrary and can be boosted at once. However, boosting is performed stepwise or stepwise. Then, for example, the current value is detected through the detection unit for each boosting step or each boosting pulse (step SB-3).

  The current value thus detected is transmitted to the server 5 via the HUB 4 and accumulated in the storage unit of the server 5. Then, the server 5 performs an abnormality determination in consideration of a temporal change in the insulation state by appropriately referring to the accumulated current value. For example, even if the insulation properties are the same, the resistance value (current value) can change according to the temperature and humidity, so the server 5 adds the time stamp indicating the date and time when the current value was acquired, The temperature and humidity acquired by a known method are stored in the storage unit in association with the current value. And the server 5 determines the normality of insulation based on an electric current value with predetermined logic using these temperature and humidity. For example, when the current value acquired when the same insulation diagnostic voltage is applied is corrected based on temperature and humidity, and this correction value becomes smaller with time, the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b and the power receiving electrode Since it is considered that contact resistance increases due to wear of 21a, 21b or the like, or foreign matter such as dust has accumulated on the power transmission electrodes 11a, 11b and the power reception electrodes 21a, 21, a notification output for prompting maintenance is performed. By automatically carrying out such an insulation diagnosis, it is possible to grasp the temporal change of the floor and contribute to the prevention of failures.

  Although omitted in the above description, the power supply system according to the present embodiment includes various functions for ensuring safety in the entire operation. For example, in the operation mode, the current and voltage of the electric power supplied from the fixed body 10 to the movable body 20 are monitored, and an abnormality determination process and an emergency response process in the event of an abnormality are performed. For example, the maximum power amount to be fed to the movable body 20 is fixed by including the capacity of the power storage unit 23 and the current power storage amount or the power consumption amount of the power storage unit 23 in the power supply information (power supply request signal). Since it can be specified on the body 10 side, when excessive electric power is supplied exceeding this maximum electric energy, it is determined as abnormal and power supply is stopped. Alternatively, even if the amount of current is within the normal range, if the supply time is equal to or longer than the predetermined time, it is determined as abnormal and power supply is stopped. In addition, power supply information (power supply request signal) may be exchanged periodically (for example, every 100 ms), and power supply may be stopped when this signal is interrupted. In addition to this, in order to stop power supply in response to abnormalities such as overload, overcurrent, or inability to supply current, it is possible to coordinate with known technologies (protection using fuses and breakers, etc.) A system that is easy to operate can be provided.

(Effect of Embodiment 1)
According to such a configuration, the operating voltage is not applied when there is an abnormality in the normality of the power supply. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the danger of electric shock or short circuit, and to increase the safety of the power supply system. This makes it easy to install in places where people are present, such as office spaces.

  In particular, a function for controlling the voltage and current of the electric power supplied from the fixed body 10 to the movable body 20 is provided, and further, a communication function between the fixed body 10 and the movable body 20 is provided. (Power) Coordinated control can be performed, and the balance of power supply performed via the plurality of power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b can be maintained.

  Moreover, the voltage application according to a required position and content can be performed by determining the necessity or the content of the voltage application based on power supply information.

  Further, since it is determined whether or not the voltage is applied based on the power supply request information, the voltage can be supplied in a form that matches the active request from the movable body 20.

  In addition, since the operating voltage is applied only when there is no short circuit, for example, it is possible to avoid the application of the operating voltage in a state where the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b are mutually short-circuited by a foreign object or the like The safety of the power supply system can be further increased.

  In addition, since the operating voltage is applied only when the insulation is maintained normally, the insulation material between the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b is worn away and the insulation is damaged. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the application of the operating voltage in a state where the power supply system is present, thereby further improving the safety of the power supply system.

  In addition, when the power transmission information is obtained, the standby mode is set so that the first power transmission electrode 11a or the second power transmission electrode 11b is grounded to be in a no-voltage application state, and predetermined power supply information is obtained. Since the presence or absence of voltage application can be switched, for example, by applying a voltage to the first power transmission electrode 11a or the second power transmission electrode 11b, the safety of the power supply system can be further enhanced.

  In addition, for example, when the movable body 20 is not disposed, the insulation state can be determined in more detail by applying a voltage of an insulation diagnosis level that is a voltage higher than the operating voltage of the movable body 20, so that the safety of the power supply system It is possible to further improve the properties.

  Moreover, since the degree of wear or deterioration of the power transmission electrode during long-term use can be determined by determining the change in the insulation state, the safety of the power supply system can be further enhanced.

[Embodiment 2]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment relates to a modification of the fixed body and the movable body. In addition, about the component similar to Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol or name as used in Embodiment 1 is attached | subjected as needed, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

(Overall structure-fixed body)
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the fixed body and the movable body. The fixed body 60 is configured in substantially the same manner as the fixed body 10 of the first embodiment, but the structure of the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b and the relationship between the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b and the floor 3 are different. That is, the second power transmission electrode 11b is formed from a single plate-like body, and a plurality of recesses 11c are formed at predetermined intervals on the upper surface thereof. A dielectric sheet 11d is laid in the recess 11c, and the first power transmission electrode 11a is arranged in an embedded state on the dielectric sheet 11d. The upper surface of the first power transmission electrode 11a, the upper surface of the second power transmission electrode 11b other than the recess 11c, and the upper surface of the dielectric sheet 11d other than the embedded portion of the first power transmission electrode 11a The movable body 20 can move smoothly on each of the flat upper surfaces. In this structure, since the plurality of power transmission electrodes 11b according to the first embodiment can be formed from a single plate-like body, the structure is further simplified. In this structure, the capacitor component between the first power transmission electrode 11a and the second power transmission electrode 11b facing each other via the dielectric sheet 11d functions as the smoothing capacitor 13c in the first embodiment.

(Overall structure-movable body)
The movable body 70 is configured by arranging a plurality of power receiving electrodes 21 having the same structure side by side without distinguishing between the first power receiving electrode 21a and the second power receiving electrode 21b. The plurality of power receiving electrodes 21 are connected to the voltage conversion unit 51 via the connection unit 22 configured only by the diodes 22a and 22b. Then, using the connection switching function by the connection unit 22, any one of the plurality of power receiving electrodes 21 is used as the first power receiving electrode 21 a in the first embodiment in accordance with the arrangement state of the movable body 70 with respect to the fixed body 60. The other one part of the plurality of power receiving electrodes 21 is caused to function as the second power receiving electrode 21b in the first embodiment. That is, the power receiving electrode 21 in contact with the first power transmitting electrode 11a becomes the first power receiving electrode 21a, and the power receiving electrode 21 in contact with the second power transmitting electrode 11b becomes the second power receiving electrode 21b.

(Effect of Embodiment 2)
According to such a structure, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained by using the fixed body 60 and the movable body 70 having a structure different from that in the first embodiment. In particular, since the plurality of power transmission electrodes 11b can be formed from a single plate-like body, the structure of the fixed body 60 is further simplified. Further, since the movable body 70 can be configured by arranging a plurality of power receiving electrodes 21 having the same structure, the structure of the movable body 70 is further simplified.

[Embodiment 3]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. This form is a form provided with a position adjusting means for adjusting the relative position of the fixed body with respect to the movable body. In addition, about the component similar to Embodiment 2, the same code | symbol or name as used in Embodiment 2 is attached | subjected as needed, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this embodiment, it is assumed that an electric vehicle is charged in a general household, a parking lot, or a charging station provided in place of a conventional gasoline station. For example, the movable body is configured as a power source for an electric vehicle and is disposed inside the electric vehicle. The stationary body is disposed on the floor of a charging station or the like. That is, as a method for supplying power to a conventional electric vehicle, a method of connecting a cable drawn from the power supply device to the power supply device of the electric vehicle has been proposed. If used, the cable may be poorly insulated and you may get an electric shock.If you use the cable on a rainy day, you may get an electric shock.There is a risk of people or objects getting caught in the cable. There is a problem in that it is necessary to secure a storage place for the cable during use, or the cable may be broken or stolen. In this embodiment, a contact-type power supply system that can solve these problems will be described. In particular, depending on the structure, shape, stop position, etc. of the electric vehicle, the relative position of the fixed body with respect to the movable body may fluctuate greatly, and the contact state between the power transmission electrode and the power reception electrode may not be configured in a desired state. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a power supply system in which the relative position of the fixed body with respect to the movable body can be adjusted to solve such a problem will be described.

(Overall structure-fixed body)
15 is a side view showing a power supply state according to the present embodiment, FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. 15 when power is not supplied, and FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. is there. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the fixed body 80 is disposed in the concave space 3 a formed in the floor 3, and in addition to the configuration of the fixed body 10 of the first embodiment, the power transmission electrode 11 a, 11b, a plurality of jacks 81 that move up and down, a screw shaft 82 that operates the plurality of jacks 81 in conjunction with each other, and a drive motor 83 that moves the plurality of jacks 81 up and down via the screw shaft 82. (The other configuration of the fixed body 80 is the same as that of the first to third embodiments, and is not shown). The jack 81, the screw shaft 82, and the drive motor 83 constitute position adjusting means in the claims. In addition, a waterproof packing 84 is laid between the power transmission electrodes 11 a and 11 b and the drive motor 83 to prevent rainwater or the like from entering the fixed body 80. An ultrasonic sensor 85 is provided near the upper surface of the fixed body 80 to detect the presence or absence of the electric vehicle 6 above the fixed body 80.

(Overall structure-movable body)
On the other hand, since the movable body 20 can be configured in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments, the description thereof will be omitted. For example, as shown in FIG. The bottom surface of the electric vehicle 6 can be configured as the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b.

  The fixed body 80 and the movable body 70 may have an incidental function related to power supply. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, a reader 29 for reading an IC card 29 a that records ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System) information is connected to the movable body 70, and reading is performed by the reader 29. Information of the IC card 29a can be transmitted to the fixed body 80 via the communication unit 27 (not shown in FIGS. 15 to 17). The communication unit 14 (not shown in FIGS. 15 to 17) of the fixed body 80 is connected to a management server (not shown) that manages ETC information in a wired or wireless manner. In the following description of the power supply control, the ETC information is communicated in this way, and a description will be given including processing for determining whether or not power supply is possible according to the result.

(Power supply control)
FIG. 18 is a flowchart of power supply control. In the initial state, the jack 81 is in the lowered position, and the floor surface is flat without an obstacle, so that the electric vehicle 6 can be parked smoothly on the floor surface. Thereafter, when the ultrasonic sensor 85 detects that the electric vehicle 6 is parked above the fixed body 80 (step SC-1, Yes), the control unit 15 of the fixed body 80 drives the drive motor 83. By rotating the screw shaft 82, the jack 81 screwed with the screw shaft 82 via a gear (not shown) is raised, and the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b arranged on the upper surface of the jack 81 are The position of the fixed body 80 is adjusted so as to contact the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b of the electric vehicle 6 (step SC-2). The detailed position determination method at this time is, for example, by detecting the position of the bottom surface of the electric vehicle 6 with the ultrasonic sensor 85 and calculating the moving distance of the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b based on the position of the bottom surface. Do. Alternatively, even if the electrical resistance between the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b and the torque of the drive motor 83 are monitored, the proximity state and contact state of the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b with respect to the bottom surface of the electric vehicle 6 may be determined. Good.

  The movable body 70 transmits the information of the IC card 29 a read by the reader 29 to the fixed body 80 via the communication unit 27. The communication unit 14 of the fixed body 80 transmits this ETC information to a management server (not shown) (step SC-3). This management server determines whether or not power can be supplied by comparing information stored in advance in its own storage unit with IC card information from the fixed body 80. The charging information for charging the power charge to the owner of 29a is recorded in its own storage unit (step SC-4). Further, a charging mode (for example, any one of three types of a quick charging mode, a medium speed charging mode, and a long-time charging mode) corresponding to the owner of the electric vehicle 6 or the IC card 29a is determined in advance. Is stored in advance in the storage unit of the management server, the management server acquires the charging mode from the storage unit and transmits it to the fixed body 80 (step SC-5).

  Next, the fixed body 80 performs power supply processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8 to supply power to the electric vehicle 6 while ensuring high safety (step SC-6). At this time, in the operation mode, power is transmitted at a voltage corresponding to the power supply mode determined in step SB-5. After power transmission is completed, the fixed body 80 drives the drive motor 83 to lower the jack 81 (step SC-7) and moves the power transmission electrodes 11a and 11b to an initial position away from the bottom surface of the electric vehicle 6. Then, the position of the fixed body 80 is readjusted. This completes the power supply control.

(Modification of position adjusting means)
In the above example, the example in which the position adjusting means is provided in the fixed body 80 has been shown. However, when the relative position can be adjusted by making all or a part of the movable body 70 movable, The position adjusting means on the fixed body 80 side may be omitted. FIG. 19 shows an example in which the power receiving electrodes 21 a and 21 b are arranged on the bottom surface of the electric vehicle 6 and the lifting arm 86 is provided. The elevating arm 86 is for elevating and lowering the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b as necessary, and is driven by, for example, a motor or a cylinder. In this example, the fixed body 80 is disposed in an exposed manner on the floor 3, and after the electric vehicle 6 is parked above the fixed body 80, the driver of the electric vehicle 6 moves the lifting arm 86 in a predetermined manner. By operating and lowering, the power receiving electrodes 21a and 21b can be brought into contact with the power transmitting electrodes 11a and 11b to receive power supply.

(Effect of Embodiment 3)
According to such a structure, power can be supplied after adjusting the relative position of the fixed body 80 with respect to the movable body 70, so that the relative relationship between the movable body 70 and the fixed body 80 can be achieved even under various circumstances. The position can be established stably, and power can be supplied in a suitable state. In particular, when power is supplied to the electric vehicle 6, a conventional cable is not necessary, and various problems resulting from the presence of the cable can be solved.

[III] Modifications to Each Embodiment While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the specific configuration and means of the present invention are within the scope of the technical idea of each invention described in the claims. It can be arbitrarily modified and improved within. Hereinafter, such a modification will be described.

(About problems to be solved and effects of the invention)
In addition, the problems to be solved by the invention and the effects of the invention are not limited to the above-described contents, and the present invention solves the problems not described above or has the effects not described above. There are also cases where only some of the described problems are solved or only some of the described effects are achieved.

(Combination of each embodiment)
The configurations shown in the respective embodiments can be combined with each other. For example, the positions of the third embodiment with respect to the fixed bodies 10 and 60 and the movable bodies 20 and 70 according to the first and second embodiments. Adjustment means can be combined.

(Regarding the location of fixed and movable bodies)
In each of the first to third embodiments, the fixed bodies 10, 60, and 80 are arranged on the floor 3, and the movable bodies 20 and 70 are arranged on the upper surface of the floor 3. However, the embodiments are limited to these forms. Instead, the fixed bodies 10, 60, 80 and the movable bodies 20, 70 can be arranged in any direction. For example, the fixed bodies 10, 60, and 80 may be arranged in the wall surface or the ceiling, and the movable bodies 20 and 70 may be arranged in contact with the wall surface or the ceiling or at a predetermined interval.

(About types of power supply information and transmission sources)
In the present invention, the fixed body specifies the necessity of applying the test voltage or the operating voltage or the content of the test voltage or the operating voltage based on the power supply information. As an example of the power supply information, the power supply request information transmitted from the movable body 20 is shown in the first embodiment. However, the type and source of power supply information can be changed as appropriate. For example, even when the power supply information is transmitted from the movable body 20 to the fixed body 10, the identification information of the movable body 20 is included in the power supply information, and the power supply performance in the fixed body 10 is associated with the identification information in the server 5. May be charged according to the actual power supply performance.

  Alternatively, the necessity of power supply to the movable body 20 and the contents of the test voltage or the operating voltage may be specified by managing the power supply system in an integrated manner by the server 5 or other integrated management mechanism. For example, an RFID for transmitting identification information is attached to the movable body 20, and an identification information receiving device and a monitoring camera are provided in the power supply area. And the output of a receiver and a surveillance camera is transmitted to the server 5, and the identification of the movable body 20 and specification of the present position are performed in the server 5 by a well-known logic. In this server 5, the identification information of each movable body 20 and the power feeding area are mutually connected so that power is supplied only when each movable body 20 is located in a specific power feeding area within the power supplied area. Store it in association with. Further, in association with these pieces of information, the operating voltage of each movable body 20 is also stored in the server 5. Then, when the movable body 20 is located in the power supply area, the power supply instruction information including the operating voltage of the movable body 20 is transmitted from the server 5 to the fixed body 10 that matches the power supply area. May be. In this case, the control unit 15 that receives a signal from the server 5 corresponds to the power supply information acquisition unit in the claims.

  Alternatively, when the movable body 20 is a simple one that does not have a function of transmitting power supply request information (for example, a toy or the like), the fixed body 10 periodically applies a minute voltage to the power transmission electrode and determines whether or not there is a current. By determining the contact state of the movable body 20 with respect to the fixed body 10 by monitoring or the like, internal determination information indicating the determination result may be generated, and mode switching may be performed based on the internal determination information. . In this case, the internal determination information generation means in the fixed body 10 corresponds to the power supply information acquisition means in the claims.

(Details of circuit configuration)
Further, details of the circuit configuration shown in the figure can be arbitrarily changed unless otherwise specified. For example, a smoothing capacitor may be omitted, or a circuit element for overcurrent protection may be added, or The same function may be replaced with another known circuit configuration for the configuration described specially.

  The present invention supplies power to various spaces, and is particularly useful for ensuring the safety of users in a contact-type power supply system.

1 is a perspective view of a living room to which a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fixed body and movable body of FIG. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part in a state where the direction of the movable body is changed. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the periphery of the floor portion in FIG. 1. It is a top view which shows the arrangement | positioning relationship between a power supply sheet | seat and a receiving electrode. It is an enlarged plan view of a power supply sheet. It is explanatory drawing of each mode in electric power supply control. It is a flowchart of the electric power supply control in a standby mode or an operation mode. It is a time chart which shows the change of the applied voltage in a fixed body. FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a current supplied in a switching operation, and FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a current frequency band and a communication frequency band. FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a current supplied in a switching operation during amplitude modulation, and FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a current frequency band and a communication frequency band during amplitude modulation. is there. It is a flowchart of the electric power supply control in an insulation diagnostic mode. It is a time chart which shows the change of the applied voltage in a fixed body. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fixed body which concerns on Embodiment 2, and a movable body. FIG. 15A is a side view showing a power supply state according to the third embodiment. FIG. 15A is a diagram before raising and lowering a power transmission electrode, FIG. 15B is a diagram showing that a power transmission electrode is being raised and lowered, and FIG. Each subsequent state is shown. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 15 at the time of electric power non-power feeding. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 15 at the time of electric power feeding. It is a flowchart of electric power supply control. It is a side view which shows the electric power supply state which concerns on the modification of Embodiment 3, FIG.19 (a) is before the receiving electrode falls, FIG.19 (b) is during the descent of a receiving electrode, FIG.19 (c) is receiving electricity Each state after the electrode is lowered is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric power supply area | region 2 Electric power supply area | region 3 Floor part 3a Space part 4 HUB
5 server 10, 60, 80 stationary member 11a first transmission electrode 11b second transmission electrode 11c recess 11d dielectric sheet 12 a DC power source 12a anode lines 12b GND line 13,25,51 voltage conversion unit 13a switching unit 13a _1, 13a ₂ transistors 13a ₃ , 13a ₄ diode 13a ₅ switching control unit 13b inductor 13c smoothing capacitor 13d detection unit 14, 27 communication unit 15, 28 control unit 20, 70 movable body 21a first power receiving electrode 21b second power receiving electrode 22 connection Unit 22a to 22d diode 23 power storage unit 24 protection unit 26 load 29 reader 29a IC card 30 power supply sheet 81 jack 82 screw shaft 83 drive motor 84 waterproof packing 85 ultrasonic sensor 86 lifting arm

Claims (10)

A power supply system for supplying power from a fixed body arranged in a power supply area to a movable body arranged in a power supply area,
The fixed body has a first power transmission electrode and a second power transmission electrode,
The movable body has a first power receiving electrode and a second power receiving electrode,
Either the first power receiving electrode or the second power receiving electrode is in contact with either the first power transmitting electrode or the second power transmitting electrode, and the first power transmitting electrode or the second power transmitting electrode Electric power for supplying electric power from the fixed body to the movable body in a state where the other one of the first power receiving electrode or the second power receiving electrode is in contact with either one of the second power transmitting electrodes. In the supply system,
A test voltage for confirming normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is applied to the fixed body with respect to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode, and the normal Provided with a control means for applying the operating voltage only when the
Power supply system characterized by The fixed body is provided with power supply information acquisition means for acquiring power supply information for specifying the necessity of power supply to the movable body or the content of power supply to the movable body,
Based on the power supply information acquired by the power supply information acquisition unit of the fixed body, the control unit of the fixed body needs to apply the test voltage or the operating voltage, or the test voltage or Identifying the contents of the operating voltage;
The power supply system according to claim 1. The power supply information is power supply request information for requesting power supply from the movable body to the fixed body,
A communication means for transmitting the power supply request information is provided on the movable body,
The power supply information acquisition unit of the fixed body is configured as a communication unit that receives the power supply request information from the communication unit of the movable body,
Based on the power supply request information received by the communication means of the fixed body, the fixed body control means determines whether or not to apply the test voltage or the operating voltage, or the test voltage or the operating voltage. Identifying the content of
The power supply system according to claim 2. The power supply information includes power supply instruction information for instructing the fixed body to supply power from a system management unit that manages the power supply system, or whether or not the power supply is required in the fixed body, or the power supply Internal judgment information indicating the result of judging the contents of
The fixed body control means specifies whether or not to apply the test voltage or the operating voltage, or the content of the test voltage or the operating voltage based on the power supply instruction information or the internal determination information.
The power supply system according to claim 2. The confirmation of the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is confirmation that the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode are not short-circuited with each other,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The confirmation of the normality of power supply from the fixed body to the movable body is confirmation that insulation in the power supply path from the fixed body to the movable body is ensured,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The control unit of the fixed body grounds the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode of the fixed body based on the power supply information acquired by the power supply information acquisition unit of the fixed body. Switching between a standby mode to be performed and an operation mode in which the test voltage or the operating voltage is applied to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode;
The power supply system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: The control means of the stationary body applies a voltage of an insulation diagnosis level to the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode, so that the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode Diagnosing the state of insulation between each other;
The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein: Information storage means for storing information relating to the insulation state;
Fluctuation determination means for determining fluctuations in the insulation state based on information stored in the information storage means;
The power supply system according to claim 8, further comprising: An adjustment means for adjusting a relative position of the first power transmission electrode or the second power transmission electrode with respect to the first power reception electrode or the second power reception electrode;
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein

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