JP2009103397A - Solar cogeneration device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To resolve many problems in embodiment of a solar cogeneration device as a product even though a cogeneration system obtaining heat at the same time as electric power is promising, wherein solar power generation is expected as an energy supply source of a next generation, but presently, energy conversion efficiency of a power generation cell is about 15%, a necessary light receiving area is large in any installation site, and it is practically disadvantageous in comparison to energy devices using petroleum and gas in aspects of installation space and energy unit price or the like. <P>SOLUTION: A direction of commercialization of the cogeneration device for electric power and heat using sunlight is presented by presenting technical measures in regard to a loss reducing measure of heat scattered by radiation and heat conduction from a top face of the power generation cell during the midwinter of a winter season, simplification and performance enhancement of a mechanism collecting heat generated by the power generation cells, and a structure and a material system preventing freezing positively operating even during the midwinter of a winter season. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

At present, solar power generators and solar water heaters (solar heat collectors) are attracting attention not only in Japan but also overseas, reducing consumption of petroleum resources, preventing global warming, suppressing the rise in prices of petroleum resource-related components, Expansion is expected as a device system that meets other global environmental requirements and social needs. However, the scale of the market is less than 100,000 units sold every year for home use in Japan. On the other hand, there are 4 million units of gas / oil hot water supply units and 7 million units of home air conditioners. For this reason, the advantages such as energy saving without gas oil consumption, the effect of preventing global warming, and the reduction of heat island in the city center have not been sufficiently effective.
The technical field to which the technology of the present invention is applied is a field relating to energy supply system devices using sunlight used for consumer use, particularly home use, business use, and industrial use. The device uses a solar power generation device (hereinafter referred to as a solar cogeneration device) that generates power and supplies heat by receiving sunlight, and a back substrate that supports the solar power generation cell as a heat sink. It is a system that combines a method for transmitting heated solar heat to a cooling pipe. As a result, it is expected that the market fields of the current single-function solar power generation apparatus and solar water heater will be greatly expanded.

The reason why the market size of single-function solar power generation devices and solar water heaters does not increase is that the output effect is insufficient for the investment price of the devices. That is, the period (PBT) for recovering the initial investment is as long as 7 to 30 years, and it may take 30 years for the investment to be recovered in a solar cell for home use.
Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus requires a large light receiving area, which is why the apparatus is large and the places where it can be installed are limited. For example, a 3KW solar power generation system for home use usually requires a light receiving area of 30 square meters, which not only imposes great restrictions on installation space, but also increases the price of actual installation work that is extremely difficult. It is a factor and also a factor that prevents the spread of the spread.
On the other hand, in the case of a solar water heater, the above problems are not decisive. However, in winter, the temperature of the output hot water decreases to about 40 ° C. due to a decrease in the outside air temperature. Requires a cooking device using electricity. In cold regions, there is a problem of water freezing. Moreover, the energy output is limited to hot water, and it is considered that the point that it cannot cover many other types of energy usage by consumers is preventing the widespread use.
In terms of energy efficiency, the conversion efficiency (ECR) for converting the solar energy irradiated to the solar power generation device into electric power is about 14% in the device that has been put into practical use, and the other 86% is available. This is a major reason for the need for large-area devices, and that the generated power costs are more than double the costs obtained with commercial power. For this reason, improvement in ECR of the power generation cell itself is expected.

On the other hand, research and development of a solar cogeneration apparatus that can obtain electric power and heat on the same light receiving surface have been studied for several decades. That is, a metal plate as a heat sink is installed on the back surface of the power generation cell, and the heat generated in the power generation cell is collected through water or a refrigerant in a pipe integrated with the metal plate. According to this method, the overall light receiving area can be reduced compared to the solar power generator and solar water heater installed separately, and the two basic effects of cost reduction and installation space reduction can be achieved. The installation work can be simplified. Furthermore, by forcibly cooling the power generation cell, the temperature of the power generation cell can be lowered, and the power generation effect of the power generation cell is improved. In addition, when used in a home or store, there is an advantage that electric power, hot water heating temperature, and heating temperature can be obtained simultaneously. However, even after several decades of technical research, this method has not been realized in the market in the form of concrete products.

The technology to be realized by the present invention relates to a structure, a material, and a system for realizing a solar cogeneration apparatus that generates both electric power and heat from sunlight simultaneously in a practical form. The technical aim of the solar cogeneration system is to convert the energy conversion efficiency (TCR: total conversion ratio) per unit light-receiving area into a single function of the electrical energy conversion efficiency (ECR) of the solar power generation system and the solar water heater. The purpose is to greatly improve the thermal energy conversion efficiency (HCR).

On the other hand, recent research and development of solar power generation devices is remarkable. Research is also progressing on the use of silicon crystal cells, such as polycrystallization, thinning of silicon crystals, improvement of power generation characteristics of crystal bodies and improvement of light reception characteristics of crystal surfaces. In the future, a silicon amorphous material formed on a glass surface or a plastic film surface or a material obtained by laminating it with a silicon crystal to improve the ECR is also expected. A material in which this amorphous is formed on a window glass for building materials and used as a window material for a building or the like so that the window generates electricity has been put into practical use. In addition, it is promising to use a material different from silicon, such as copper or indium, as a cell material to reduce the amount of silicon used and to avoid material shortage as an alternative to silicon material. The technology relating to the solar cogeneration apparatus of the present invention relates to a technical field for finishing the solar power generation apparatus itself or an improved product thereof and using the technique as a solar cogeneration apparatus.

There are many reasons why solar cogeneration equipment, which is expected to be highly effective in practical use and energy efficiency, has not been put into practical use. The structure of the photovoltaic power generation module and the heat collecting device is immature. The reason for this is that a high-efficiency, durable and practical product has not been developed. The main technical factor is 1. Heat dissipation from the power generation cell when the external environment is low, such as in winter, There is a lot of radiation heat dissipation loss, and the TCR significantly decreases in winter, including performance degradation due to snowfall.
2. The normal method using water as the cooling medium will cause freezing failure in winter, and if air is used as the medium, the overall thermal efficiency balance will deteriorate to collect heat from a large light receiving area.
3. To collect heat, the module is insulated from the outside. As a result, the conversion efficiency TCR is increased. However, when the heat collector is not operating due to a failure or the like, the cell and the cell periphery are exposed to a high temperature of about 100 ° C. Prone to occur.
This is the main reason and has not been resolved.

Against this background, many researches and developments have been made on the technology of the solar cogeneration device for simultaneously obtaining heat from the solar power generation device. Among them, Patent Document 1 uses a solar cogeneration apparatus in which a solar cell is provided on the surface of a heat collecting panel, and operates a heat pump with the generated power.

In Patent Document 2, a heat exchanger having a solar battery mounted on its surface is cooled by a heat pump device to lower the temperature of the battery cell, thereby improving ECR, which is the energy conversion efficiency of the battery cell.
Patent Document 3 also improves the power generation efficiency by keeping the temperature of the solar cell at a low temperature by collecting heat in the solar heat collector at a low temperature and storing the collected heat in a low-temperature heat storage tank.

Patent Document 4 proposes a technique related to a structural method in which a heat collecting body is provided on the back surface of a photovoltaic power generation cell and a cooling heat collecting tube is attached to the heat collecting body. Patent document 5 is invention about the technique of transferring heat from the heat conductive board of the back surface of a photovoltaic power generation cell to piping of a heat pump. Non-patent document 1 shows a technical report on the simulation analysis of the thermal characteristics of such a method.

Patent Document 6 proposes another type of solar cogeneration method. A solar cogeneration system that installs a see-through solar cell on a glass such as a window and irradiates the sunlight that has passed through it onto a heat collecting plate with a heat-medium pipe installed behind it. is there.
Since the biggest aim of the solar cogeneration apparatus taken up in the present invention is a compact and cost-effective system, a power generation cell with high electrical energy conversion efficiency (ECR) is used. The top priority is to create a device with high power generation efficiency. For this reason, a see-through power generation cell with a low ECR cannot be adopted. The target method is a method of collecting power by installing a power generation cell on a heat sink substrate and transferring the heat generated in the power generation cell directly to the heat sink substrate, and the method of Patent Document 6 cannot be adopted.

Since the solar cogeneration apparatus collects heat without dissipating the generated heat unlike the photovoltaic power generation apparatus and uses the heat, a heat insulating structure is adopted around the apparatus. The upper surface of the battery cell has an air space as a heat insulating layer, and an upper surface glass is provided thereon. A heat insulating layer such as a heat insulating material or a vacuum panel is provided on the lower surface of the heat sink flat plate for collecting heat. Heat is collected by circulating a collection medium in the cooling pipe, and the power generation cell is cooled simultaneously with the heat collection. During the time period when the heat collecting medium is not circulated when the apparatus is stopped, the entire apparatus is irradiated with sunlight and the temperature rises. Patent Document 7 proposes a technique for providing a ventilation port so that air can be circulated through the above-described air space and cooling it in this case, and opening and closing it.
As can be seen in Patent Document 8, there is a fine processing technique for imparting light wavelength selective absorption characteristics to the cell surface or the heat radiating surface of a solar thermal power generation apparatus.

Although the technologies described above are presumed to have emerged from development activities for realizing a solar cogeneration device, the device itself has not appeared in the form of a product in the market. There are several reasons for this, but the biggest one is considered to be because a cost-effective method or apparatus equivalent to the price of commercial power energy cannot be realized. It is possible to operate effectively at low ambient temperature in winter, and there has been no development of a device with a method and configuration that can practically perform installation work. As a result, the configuration of the device is complicated and the cost is practical. It is thought that the cause is not within the level. In terms of technology, it is considered that there is no clear solution to problems such as insufficient heat recovery effect due to increased heat dissipation, heat resistant temperature, thermal strain absorption, and insufficient low temperature resistance characteristics of members. The technology necessary for solving such problems in actual commercialization cannot be found in the background technologies shown above.
JP-A-58-158455 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-066605 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-234020 JP 2003-314903 A JP 2005-195187 A JP 2004-317117 A Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-60972 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-332607 Matsushita Electric Works Technical Report (Mar. 2002) Thermal simulator for solar energy utilization design

Summarizing the above contents as considerations, the important ones are organized as follows. That is, there are the following technical problems that are necessary for putting the solar cogeneration apparatus into a commercial product with a high commercial value that is installed in a limited space such as a home or a store.
(1) Clarification of the system and configuration to ensure effective total energy conversion efficiency (TCR) when the external temperature is below 0 ℃.
(2) Establishment of a system that can be stably operated at an ambient temperature of 0 ° C or less and is free from the risk of freezing.
(3) Clarification of the method and configuration to improve the actual installation characteristics of the solar cogeneration system of the above method to a practical and easy level.

Etc. In particular, as shown in the problem (1), in the case of a cogeneration system that collects solar heat using a device that uses a large area, such as a solar power generation device, this large area of heat collection How to reduce the heat radiation from the device to the outside world is the biggest consideration.

The above is a specific technical problem to be solved by the present invention. Among them, the biggest issue is how to reduce the heat loss that is radiated from the power generation cell to the low-temperature external environment by radiation and heat transfer in the severe cold season of winter.

Eliminating all the three technical issues mentioned above is a shortcut for achieving the three target issues of the product system. Therefore, the present specification clearly shows many solutions for these three items. Consumer-use solar power generation devices or solar cogeneration devices are usually installed in places with severe operating environments such as on the roof. In addition, the current photovoltaic power generation apparatus requires a large light receiving area in order to obtain a practically effective energy amount. For example, in the home use, the total light receiving area of an average device is 25 square meters or more, the device is divided into about 10 to 20 modules, and the power generated by the power generation cells in each module is converted into modules from each cell. Then, the output is collectively output to the entire integrated power transmission circuit.

If the total sum of the total acquired energy is the same, the condensing area of the solar cogeneration system is almost equal to the amount of energy with an area scale of about one-third or less compared to the system with only solar power generation. Can be obtained. In solar power generation, the electrical energy conversion efficiency (ECR) is 13 to 5% of the total received energy, whereas in the solar cogeneration system, if the device incorporating the technology described in the present invention is realized, the generated power and heat This is because an energy output close to 3 to 4 times that of the output can be acquired, and as a result, the total energy acquisition efficiency (TCR) is expected to reach 50% or more.

The method of the apparatus targeted by the present invention is to install a power generation cell in a state of being in direct or indirect contact with a metal heat sink plate, and to dissipate the heat generated in the power generation cell to the heat sink plate without dissipating it to the surroundings. It is premised on the method of collecting heat and collecting heat.
Therefore, in the case of a home cogeneration device, the total light receiving area can be reduced to about 10 to 15 square meters compared to a single solar cell system, but it can satisfy practical effects, but even in that case, the conventional solar water heater It is undeniable that the light receiving area is large compared to 4 to 6 square meters. In particular, in the winter season, when the external temperature falls below zero degrees Celsius, the heat dissipation loss increases and the output temperature decreases to about 40 degrees Celsius. In this case, in order to obtain hot water for bathing, it is necessary to reheat with gas or electricity, and in consideration of systematization with the latent heat storage method, the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material of the heat storage tank is set to 50 ° C or higher. In a normal system, it will be impossible to store heat.

On the other hand, among the methods currently being studied as a configuration method for solar cogeneration, a method for optically concentrating sunlight, which is one of the recently studied methods, is capable of acquiring energy even when the outside air is at a low temperature. Although excellent in terms, a large-scale condensing device is not suitable for homes and stores and is difficult in terms of cost. In addition, the structure of the structure where the power generation cell is made see-through and the power generation part and the heat collection part are separated is also a method suitable for cogeneration in terms of technology. Since conversion efficiency (ECR) is low and a light-receiving surface having a large area is required, it is suitable for use on a window glass surface of a building, but not suitable for home use or store use.

To overcome the above-mentioned problems, heat loss dissipated from the solar cogeneration system can be reduced so that it can be heated to a practically effective temperature of about 55 ° C, or heat can be stored at a low temperature of about 40 ° C. There are measures such as whether the system is used for heating, etc., or a system that has a cooking effect with a heat pump device, and practically, an optimal system must be realized by combining these measures. It becomes. Therefore, here, as a premise of these ideas, first of all, it is necessary for a solar cogeneration device that can reduce heat dissipation loss from the device and that can operate effectively even at low ambient temperature conditions of zero degrees C or less, and a method for extracting its thermal output. The technology described in each claim, which is a simple solution to the problem, will be described sequentially.

Claim 1 is an invention of a technique that contributes to securing TCR, which is an important issue in the solar cogeneration apparatus having such an overall configuration. Sunlight enters the power generation cell to generate electricity and generate heat. This heat is transmitted to the glass plate on the upper surface through the upper heat insulating layer and dissipated to the atmosphere. As a standard operating condition of the system, when the power generation cell temperature is controlled to 55 ° C. and the external temperature is 0 ° C., this dissipated heat amount is the total irradiation energy amount of sunlight when the air layer thickness is 20 mm. It is calculated as about 8% of 1KW per square meter. By installing the shielding member according to claim 1, it is expected that the natural convection in the air layer is reduced and the amount of heat dissipated is reduced to about 5%.

In order to fully exhibit this effect, it is first necessary that the shielding member has a characteristic of sufficiently transmitting sunlight. In a solar water heater or the like, such a shielding member may be installed between the glass plate and the light receiving surface for the same effect. A sheet made of ethylene fluoride having a thickness of about 0.2 mm, which is a colorless and transparent thin film, is often used. As a result, since the power generation cell temperature rises, it is necessary to control this temperature and adjust it to a temperature convenient for the user side. To obtain hot water for bathing, the cell temperature is raised to 55 ° C. or higher, and the heat storage device stores heat of about 50 ° C. through the cooling pipe and the cooling medium. Even for heating, if it is floor heating, it is often effective to control the temperature within the range of 40 ° C to 50 ° C.

Since the shielding member aiming at the effect of reducing the amount of heat dissipated as described above usually uses a thin resin film or resin flat plate, a holding body for holding the shielding member to support it and hold it in an appropriate position. Is required. This holding body is composed of a mesh or a thin frame. In that case, there is a concern that the irradiation of solar power generation cells may be hindered. In the second aspect, it is important that the shielding member support is formed of a very thin mesh or frame so that the irradiated sunlight is not reflected. In order to reduce the area shielding rate that hinders irradiation to 1.0% or less, it is a structure in which a very fine mesh or frame having a diameter of 0.5 mm or less, for example, is formed with 100 mm pitch grids. If the shielding rate is 1.0% or less, the effect of reducing the amount of dissipated heat is effective, but it is actually desirable to aim for an area shielding rate of 0.5% or less.

  The irradiation member is intended to reduce heat transfer loss from the power generation cell surface to the outside world by inhibiting air convection. Further, by providing the shielding member with a light selective reflection characteristic, it is possible to reduce a large heat loss by giving an effect of reducing radiation heat radiation from the surface of the power generation cell to the outside. The wavelength spectrum of sunlight is distributed at a wavelength of 1.5 microns or less. On the other hand, the radiation spectrum from the power generation cell controlled at about 55 ° C. is in the long wavelength region of 2 μm or more. Therefore, the object is achieved by reflecting radiation light having a wavelength longer than 2 micrometers by a thin film composed of a resin thin film and a combination of extremely thin different resin layers. Claim 3 proposes to use a member having this selective reflection characteristic as a shielding member.

  Conventionally, it has been recommended to use an ethylene difluoride thin film as a material which is transparent as a shielding member and has high sunlight permeability and is less deteriorated by sunlight. As a thin film candidate having the selective reflection characteristics as described above, a multilayer combination of ethylene-based resins is promising. For example, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA) or ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer resin (EMMA).

Giving the same effect to the glass plate on the top surface is another promising candidate technology. It has been long before it has been put into practical use that a wavelength-selective reflection characteristic can be obtained by depositing a transparent metal film on the surface of a glass flat plate by vapor deposition or sputtering. An ITO film or a tin oxide film is formed into an appropriate thin film. In the present invention, the specification of the thin film is greatly different from that of the conventional film, and as a selective effect characteristic, an effect of reflecting radiation light having a wavelength of 2 μm or more is obtained. From the top, the film is slightly thicker than that which has been put to practical use. In Claim 4, the technique about the solar cogeneration apparatus using the glass plate which has this light selection characteristic is shown.

  Claim 5 is a technique aimed at the effect of increasing the amount of power generated as a result of increasing the irradiation light to the power generation cell by reflecting the radiant light reflected or radiated from the surface of the power generation cell of the solar power generation device. presentation. A solar water heater with a solar reflector attached to the upper end of the water heater module can be found on the roof of many homes. This method is expected to have the same effect as a solar water heater having a larger module area even with the same module area. Solar power generation is expected to produce the same effect. However, when such a reflector is attached to the outside of the glass plate at the top of the module, there is a problem in that the adjacent power generation module is attached to the shade of the reflector in the system of the solar power generation apparatus configured by arranging many modules side by side. . In this case, the adjacent module must be installed with a gap in the shaded area.

The technology presented in claim 5 is a photovoltaic power generation apparatus in which an air layer space is provided between a cover glass and a power generation cell, and the power generation cell is separated and installed with a gap between them, and the gap is irradiated. Provided with a light reflection plate for reflecting the solar light to the power generation cell. This effect has the effect of reducing the amount of power generation cells used compared to a normal power generation cell in which the power generation cells are installed over the entire surface of the module without any gaps, thereby reducing the overall cost. Since there is a drawback that the thickness of the module increases because a space is provided between the cover glass and the power generation cell to accommodate the height dimension of this reflector, the optimum value must be carefully examined for the dimension. I must.

  In the case of a solar cogeneration apparatus, the effect is more remarkable. This is because there is an effect of reducing heat dissipation due to radiation from the surface of the power generation cell. This scheme is presented in claim 6. By providing a reflector in the upper heat insulating layer of the solar module, the temperature can be increased by irradiating a small-sized power generation cell intensively. Moreover, the amount of radiation to the outside from the power generation cell surface area is reduced, and heat dissipation loss can be reduced. This is because the amount of radiation from an object is proportional to the area if the surface state and temperature are the same.

The light reflecting plate is formed in a long rod shape having a substantially triangular cross section as shown in claims 7 and 8, and one side of the triangle is placed in contact with a plane in which the power generation cell is reduced to about 50% in a band shape, A configuration in which all the sunlight is reflected toward the power generation cell and irradiated to the power generation cell installed in the strip shape (having an area of about 50% in a striped manner) shown in claim 9 is practical.
In this case, it is possible to irradiate the power generation cell of 0.5 sqm with all of the solar irradiation energy of 1 kW per unit surface area (1 sqm) of the power generation cell. The temperature of the power generation cell is controlled at the same temperature as before the reduction of the power generation cell, for example, 55 ° C. by controlling the cooling of the heat sink. As a result, it is possible to obtain the same amount of power generation with half the power generation cell area. At the same time, the radiant energy loss due to radiation from the power generation cell can be reduced by about 200 W (per square meter), and as a result, the output heat obtained on the heat sink side can be expected to be about 350 W.

  In this case, more specifically, a number of strip-shaped power generation cells are arranged horizontally with respect to the inclination of the roof when the module is installed on the roof with a 1.0 meter square module as will be described later. (25 power generation cells with a width of 20 mm and a length of 1 m, and the width between the cells is also 20 mm). The width of the bottom surface of the reflection plate is set to 20 mm in accordance with the width between the cells, and the height is slightly smaller than the gap height of 40 mm between the upper glass plate and the power generation cell. Sunlight is reflected by both reflecting surfaces of the light reflecting plate having a triangular cross section and irradiated to a power generation cell having a width of 20 mm.

  When the power generation cell is installed over the entire surface without a gap, the reflector according to claim 10 is effective. In this case, the reflector described in claim 7 is installed with a certain dimension floating from the surface of the power generation cell. Specifically, it is effective to float about 8 to 13 mm in the reflector having the above dimensions. Incident sunlight is reflected by the two surfaces of the reflector, and a part of the sunlight is irradiated to the power generation cell surface which is a shadow against one side of the bottom surface of the reflector. As a result, the entire surface of the power generation cell is irradiated on average, and the power generation cell generates power and generates heat. On the other hand, heat rays corresponding to the surface of the power generation cell controlled to about 55 ° C. are radiated. About 50% of the light is reflected by the mirror-like lower surface of the reflecting plate and irradiated again to the power generation cell.

  As a result, radiation from the power generation cell to the outside and heat dissipation loss caused thereby are reduced, and conversely, the power generation amount of the power generation cell can be slightly increased. In addition, the effect of reducing the heat dissipation loss is great, whereby the TCR as the overall energy conversion efficiency can be increased. This effect is remarkable in winter when the external temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius and radiation heat dissipation loss increases. This effect is effective even in a solar power generation apparatus without a heat sink as described above, but the effect amount varies depending on the power generation characteristics of the power generation cell. In other words, the effect of a power generation cell having a high power generation effect even for far-infrared radiation having a long wavelength is significant.

  It is possible to provide the same effect even if the light reflection plate is not a cube having a triangular cross section, for example, but a flat plate shape. As an example of this reflector, as shown in the embodiment, the surface is made into a small step shape, the sunlight from the cover glass is reflected to the power generation cell side, and the radiation light from the power generation cell side is reflected to the power generation cell side It is something that has For example, several small triangles are stacked on top and bottom to form a staircase. Its outer surface is perpendicular to the center line of the reflector so that the power generation cell side faces the power generation cell surface, and the cover glass side is the reflection plate. A parallel shape with a slight inclination with respect to the center line can be considered. Both surfaces of the flat light reflection plate have such a shape. The cross-sectional shape of the flat light reflection plate is a flat plate as a whole, but if viewed finely, it has a configuration in which upper triangular shapes are stacked. The light from the glass plate side is reflected in the direction of the power generation cell, and the light from the power generation cell is reflected to the power generation cell side by the lower surface of each triangle.

    In this case, by forming such a fine shape on the reflecting plate surface, or coating the surface with a resin in a thin film shape, reflecting the sunlight spectrum, not reflecting the far infrared spectrum, that is, by absorbing it. It is also effective to have an effect such as replacing heat. The latter does not radiate radiant light to the outside world, reducing the radiation loss from the module, and at the same time heating the reflector to raise the temperature, resulting in the effect of reducing the heat transfer from the power generation cell and reducing the heat loss. It is connected. At this time, the combined use with the shielding member described in claims 1, 2 and 3 further increases the effect.

  The light reflecting plate described above needs to be disposed at an appropriate position and at an appropriate angle over the entire light receiving surface of the solar module. A twelfth aspect of the present invention is made of an integrally molded resin in order to realize this, and has an integral structure, and as a foam material, its heat capacity is reduced and its thermal insulation characteristics are improved. It is effective to use a beautiful flat surface with a mirror surface such as chromium plating. Since the relative position of the light reflector and the power generation cell is extremely important for exerting its effect, the relative position setting can be secured stably by combining with the power generation cell, cover glass, shielding member, etc. with high accuracy. It is practical to devise and utilize the resin-reflected light reflector and the shape of its outer periphery.

The above has described a technique that is effective in reducing radiation and thermal energy that are dissipated from the upper surface of the power generation cell to the outside through the cover glass.
Furthermore, here, a technique for efficiently extracting and collecting the heat generated in the power generation cell will be described.
There are various structures of the power generation cell. In any case, the power generation cell is formed on a metal substrate, and heat is extracted through the substrate. The heat generated in the power generation cell is dissipated to the outside from its upper and lower surfaces. When the external temperature reaches about 35 ° C. as in summer, the temperature of the power generation cell rises to near 80 ° C., and the power generation efficiency of the cell decreases. Further, when the external temperature falls below zero ° C. as in winter, the temperature of the power generation cell becomes 40 ° C. or less, and the power generation efficiency increases. Accordingly, the structure of the solar power generation apparatus is designed with priority given to cooling by heat radiation.

In the case of solar cogeneration, solar heat is secured by reducing the heat dissipation from the solar module to the outside as much as possible, and it is forcibly collected and used. Its structure prioritizes heat insulation and radiation reduction. The designed design is achieved. At the same time, the heat is effectively extracted, and the temperature of the extracted heat is controlled to a temperature that is easy to use on the side of using the heat. In order to reduce heat dissipation loss from the apparatus, it is effective to lower the temperature of the power generation cell. From the viewpoint of using the heat, it is desirable to increase the heat output temperature.

In order to satisfy this conflicting need, it is effective to extract the heat from the power generation cell with as little temperature drop as possible. In order to realize this, a method is conceivable in which the power generation cell is installed on a metal plate having excellent thermal conductivity, such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate, and cooled through cooling water on or inside the metal plate. In the past, many companies, research institutes, etc. have been studying the implementation of this method.
However, in this method, since the antifreeze is used in preparation for freezing of water in winter, the performance deteriorates, and it is necessary to connect cooling pipes for circulating cooling water after installing many modules on the roof etc. It is inferior in feasibility due to increased work and quality problems of water leakage.
Another method that can be considered to avoid this is to use air cooling, but this increases the size of the module, increases the power required for air circulation, and ultimately uses the heat. It is necessary to transfer the heat transferred to the air to the circulating fluid medium again. Overall, it can be said that there is no practicality in terms of cost and performance. Therefore, it is a method of treating heat with a refrigerant. However, a method of circulating a circulating refrigerant by providing a pipe line on the back surface of a heat sink plate that is a substrate of a power generation cell is not a possible measure because of concerns about cost, effectiveness, and leak quality of the connection portion. The technique recommended here is a method in which the heat sink flat plate is formed of a thin copper plate or an aluminum plate and a heat pipe is provided on the back surface thereof as shown in claim 13.

And it is the structure where it put on the edge part of the heat sink flat plate, and the cooling piping was stuck and fixed.
The heat generated in the power generation cell is transferred to the heat sink and transferred to the heat pipe to evaporate the refrigerant therein. The evaporated refrigerant naturally circulates in the heat pipe and flows to the heat output portion cooled by the cooling pipe, where it condenses into a liquid and returns to the power generation cell cooling portion again through the heat pipe. The power that causes the refrigerant to flow is the heat itself that is transferred, and no pump is required. Thus, the heat generated in the power generation cell is collected into a heat output portion that is one end of the heat sink plate.

  Here, when a heat sink plate having an area of 1 square meter and receiving only 1 KW of sunlight is composed of only an aluminum plate and no heat pipe is used, 300 W of heat is transferred from a 58 ° C. power generation cell to a 53 ° C. cooling pipe. In order to secure heat, the thickness of the heat sink flat plate needs to be as thick as 100 mm, but if a heat pipe is used, the same effect can be obtained even if the heat sink flat plate has a practical thickness of about 2 mm. Water is often used as the refrigerant sealed in the heat pipe, but here, HC refrigerant such as propane is used so that it does not freeze even when the outside air falls to minus 20 ° C. This may be an HFC refrigerant or a CO2 refrigerant. The heat pipe itself is capable of withstanding the high pressure at 120 ° C during the summer sunshine, and the heat transport performance in operation near 50 ° C is not frozen at minus 30 ° C. It only has to satisfy.

  Since water has excellent heat transport properties, it can be used in warm regions where there is no risk of freezing, or it can be used as an antifreeze mixed with an ethylene glycol solution even in cold regions. When the heat pipe is joined to the heat sink plate, the heat output portion extends the heat sink plate with the heat pipe to the outside of the range of the power generation cell, and the cooling pipe is attached to the heat transfer relation there. This portion is the heat output portion described above. In this portion of the heat pipe, the refrigerant condenses, dissipates heat and liquefies. Therefore, a condensing part with a corresponding length is required. For example, a square module of 1 square meter requires a heat output portion of about 30 centimeters outside the module. However, in this case, the module that receives sunlight only in the heat output portion cannot exhibit the effect, and becomes a dead space. As the entire solar cogeneration system, the required area increases, and an increased space on the roof is required, and the cost also increases.

Accordingly, claims 14 and 15 present a technique for solving this problem. This effect is a technique for minimizing or eliminating the size and the required area of the heat output portion of the heat sink. In an embodiment to be described later, a heat output portion is provided continuously extending outside the cooling portion of the power generation cell, and is fixed in a heat transfer relationship with the cooling pipe there. In this state, for example, the heat output portion may be provided with an extension portion of about 100 mm in order to fix the cooling pipe having a diameter of 10 mm. However, in this case, it is necessary to conduct heat dissipation through a heat pipe portion having a length of about 100 mm, and the condensation heat radiation region is too short compared to the length of the evaporation region in the cooling portion of the power generation cell having a length of 1000 mm. As a result, the required temperature difference for heat transfer increases. That is, even if the temperature difference between the power generation cell and the cooling pipe is designed to be within 5.0 degrees, for example, the temperature difference expands to about 8.0 degrees, leading to deterioration of the thermal acquisition performance or lowering of the final thermal output temperature. There is a fear.

  Therefore, as an improvement measure, heat transfer enhancement made of a thick aluminum plate of about 100mm that supports the heat sink plate and heat pipe from the lower surface in a form that spans part of the cooling portion of the power generation cell and the heat output portion. A method is proposed in which a block is placed and fastened with a cooling pipe fixing bracket so as to secure heat transfer with the cooling pipe. According to this, since the temperature of the heat transfer acceleration block is close to the temperature of the cooling pipe, the heat pipe is cooled and becomes a condensed heat radiation area in the range assigned to this block, and at the same time the heat sink is To effectively cool. As a result, the protruding dimension of the heat output portion from the power generation cell cooling portion can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in order to eliminate the protrusion of the heat output part from the power generation cell cooling part to the outside, it is practical to fix the cooling pipe in a heat transfer relation below the power generation cell cooling part side of the heat transfer promotion block. is there. Specifically, the power generation cell, the heat sink flat plate, the heat pipe fixed thereto, a thick heat transfer promotion block below the power generation cell, and the cooling pipe is fixed to the lower side by a cooling pipe fixing bracket. In this case, a metal fitting such as a bolt for fixing the whole is fastened and fixed between the heat sink flat plate and the cooling pipe fixing metal fitting. Therefore, the upper surface of the fixing bolt is a flat surface that is flush with the heat sink plate as if embedded in the heat sink plate, and the power generation cell is joined to the flat surface.

In this case, the cooling pipe is configured to be fixed to the lower surface of the heat transfer acceleration block, but may be embedded in the heat transfer acceleration block in advance if necessary. However, in this case, since the cooling pipe is carried along with the module and installed, it is necessary to connect with the connecting pipe at the entrance and exit, and it is not recommended in view of the workability and the deterioration of the reliability of the leak. It is practical to use a single cooling pipe across the modules by a method of fastening and fixing the cooling pipe after the solar module is installed.

As described above, various techniques for efficiently transferring the heat of sunlight to the cooling pipe have been described. However, the sun does not illuminate on rainy days, cloudy days, and even in severe cold periods when the outside air temperature is negative, the loss increases and the energy acquisition effect decreases. As a result, when the thermal output temperature is set to a practical 52 to 3 ° C., the amount of thermal energy acquired is greatly reduced. Even in such an actual situation, it is effective to lower the heat acquisition temperature in order to effectively acquire solar energy. For example, the solar heat energy can be obtained without being reduced by setting 40 ° C. instead of 52 ° C. Particularly in the severe cold season, if the temperature of the power generation cell is controlled to be high, the amount of heat dissipated increases and the amount of heat gained decreases, and in some cases near zero. However, by controlling the temperature of the power generation cell to about 46 ° C. and the temperature of the cooling pipe and the cooling medium to about 40 ° C., the total solar energy conversion efficiency TCR can ensure the same level as in summer.

  As an improvement method for this purpose, an idea on the system configuration is shown in claim 16 and will be described later in an embodiment. On the solar heat usage side, a heat storage tank is combined to adjust the time difference from the consumption time. In particular, a heat storage system using a latent heat material is effective for storing a large amount of heat at a low temperature with high space efficiency. For example, when paraffin having a melting temperature of 55 ° C. is used, when heat of 55 ° C. is stored, the amount of heat about 2.5 times or more can be stored in the same heat storage tank as compared with water. It is an object to realize a system that enables low-temperature heat storage as described above in this state. In order to effectively use solar heat as a whole system based on the actual situation as described above, the idea is to combine both a heat storage tank that stores heat at the rated temperature and a heat storage tank that stores heat at a lower temperature. For example, by incorporating both a heat storage tank using paraffin having a melting temperature of 53 ° C. and a heat storage tank using paraffin at 40 ° C., one of the heat storage tanks is selected according to the operating state of the solar cogeneration system. This is a method of storing the amount of heat.

  The heat of 40 ° C. can be used as it is for a heating device, or it can be used after being cooked with a gas or a heat pump for a bath. Of course, both heat storage tanks are structurally effective even if they are built into an integral heat storage tank, and if a few heat insulation layers are provided, there is no problem. As a cooling medium communicating with the cooling pipe, a refrigerant with evaporative condensation that does not freeze, such as propane, is used. In addition, a latent heat storage material such as paraffin that does not freeze is used for this heat storage. As described above, the refrigerant is also used for the medium of the heat pipe for cooling the heat sink. As described above, since it is composed of a heat transfer and heat transport system using latent heat of vaporization or latent heat of fusion, it constitutes a system with high overall thermal efficiency and no fear of freezing even in severe cold periods.

Many studies have been made in the past to realize a device system that can sufficiently supply energy consumed in the household and consumer fields and is environmentally friendly. As one of them, a cogeneration system that integrates photovoltaic power generation and a solar water heater to greatly improve energy conversion efficiency has long been studied as an effective means. The effects of this wide range of technical inventions are considered to have provided a very high prospect for the realization of the cogeneration system. The contents can be summarized into the following three as described above.

That is, a cogeneration apparatus in which the heat collection effect is incorporated into the power generation module and integrated is realized. As a result, the energy conversion efficiency per light receiving area is more than doubled compared to the case of only photovoltaic power generation (ECR = 15%, TCR = 50%), and as a result, the cost performance effect on the product installation investment is increased. Furthermore, a highly reliable system that operates effectively without causing freezing of the working medium even in the severe winter season is realized.

In order to realize these three goals, solutions are presented to the three technical issues mentioned above. These are innovative technologies for significantly increasing the efficiency of solar energy utilization and realizing solar energy devices with energy costs and convenience comparable to fossil fuels. This makes it possible to supply heat that can be used at the same time as electric power as an energy device for home use, consumer use, and business use, realizing a solar energy system that can be used for hot water supply, air conditioning, etc., and make full use of natural energy. Pioneered the way to realize energy systems. Specific technical measures for realizing practical solar cogeneration equipment that can contribute to the transition from fossil fuels that will be promoted in the future to renewable energy supply systems using natural energy I think I was able to give it.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 shows a representative example of a lifeline system (system for supplying LLS power and heat) for homes and stores using a solar cogeneration apparatus. FIG. 2 shows a typical example of a solar cogeneration apparatus according to the present invention installed on a roof of a home by a schematic cross-sectional structure. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the solar cogeneration apparatus according to the present invention, but omits the surrounding detailed structure (for example, a heat insulating material and a fixing bracket). 4, 5, and 6 are enlarged views of the cross-sectional structure of the respective solar cogeneration devices incorporating the light reflecting plates 1, 2, and 3, respectively, but are enlarged views of a part thereof, and the description of the adjacent portions that are connected to them is omitted. is doing.

The typical example shown in FIG. 1 is a solar cogeneration apparatus, and its feature is that electric power and heat are generated by one solar cogeneration apparatus 100, and the electric power is transmitted through a power controller 32 to a commercial power transmission line 33. The power is sold back to the power company.
When the heat is output through the cooling pipe 11 and selected by the cooling pipe switching valve 28 and is at a high temperature around 55 ° C., the paraffin having a melting temperature of 52 ° C. installed in the high-temperature heat storage tank 31 is basically melted. Heat storage. When the temperature is low, heat is stored by melting paraffin having a melting temperature of 40 ° C. installed in the intermediate temperature heat storage tank 30. Tap water 37 is communicated with the high-temperature heat storage layer 31, becomes hot water of about 50 ° C., and is supplied indoors from the hot water supply line 38.
The electric power generated by the solar cogeneration system is led to the outside of the module through a lead circuit (not shown) in the power generation cell 3, and is combined with leads from other power generation modules, and commercialized through a power controller (power converter). The power is adjusted to the power mode that can be combined with the power, and the power is reversed. This reverse power flow is purchased by the power company and the purchase price is paid to the owner of the solar cogeneration system.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the power generation cell 3 is maintained at about 58 ° C., and a heat sink in which about 40% of the total energy of sunlight irradiated thereon is disposed on the back surface of the power generation cell. It flows further to the flat plate 5 to the liquid propane refrigerant in the heat pipe heat transfer tube 6 to evaporate it. The evaporated propane gas rises in the heat pipe and reaches the heat output portion 43, where it condenses and releases warm heat of about 53 ° C. In the portion where the heat transfer promotion block 13 is in contact, most of the heat from the power generation cell is directly transferred to the heat transfer promotion block. This and the heat transfer from the heat pipe are combined and transferred to the cooling pipe mainly through the heat transfer acceleration block. The heat transfer acceleration block 13 is a block made of aluminum plate having a plate thickness of 10.0 mm, and has ten grooves so as to fit into the ten heat pipe heat transfer tubes 6. In the output portion 43, the heat transfer effect from the heat transfer promotion block 13 and the heat sink flat plate 5 to the cooling pipe 11 is enhanced by tightening firmly with the cooling pipe fixing bracket 12 (made of aluminum having a thickness of 2 mm).

As another plan not shown in the figure, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the heat output portion 43 is taken into the range of the power generation cell cooling portion by fixing the cooling pipe below the heat transfer promotion block. Although the work becomes difficult when retrofitting cooling pipes, this is also an effective configuration plan because it has the great effect of eliminating the dead space where the sunlight cannot be used as the heat output part.
A liquid refrigerant operated by a refrigerant pump (not shown) flows in the cooling pipe, where 53 ° C. heat is received and evaporated, and circulated to melt paraffin in the heat storage tanks 30 to 31 shown in FIG. There, it condenses, dissipates heat and stores heat there.

The technology presented here is organized as follows to effectively store the heat generated in the power generation cell in this heat storage tank without dissipating it to the surroundings.
1. An air layer is provided between the glass plate 2 and the power generation cell 2 for heat insulation, and a shielding member 9 is provided there to prevent convection of the air.
3. At the same time, the shielding member 9 does not dissipate the radiation light from the power generation cell 3 to the outside through the glass plate 2 by reflecting or absorbing.
4. Heat is transferred to the heat storage tank through the heat sink flat plate 5, the heat pipe heat transfer tube 6, the heat transfer acceleration block 13, and the refrigerant circulation type cooling pipe 11 with a temperature drop as small as possible.
5. Furthermore, the lower heat insulating layer has a sufficient thickness, material selection, and an air layer formed inside to minimize heat transfer loss.

6. Further, a heat insulating material (not shown) having a sufficient thickness is formed around the module frame 15 to prevent heat radiation.
7. Further, a new technique for preventing radiation heat radiation from the power generation cell is considered to be most effective, and will be described later with reference to FIGS.
As can be seen from the above, the technical measures that can contribute to the reduction of the possibility of heat dissipation around the power generation cell are being studied.
More specifically, for example, the shielding member 9 of item 3 is extremely high in permeability to sunlight in which a thin resin layer is formed on one side of a thin film made of ethylene difluoride. The radiation light having a long wavelength (2 micrometer or more) from the power generation cell is reflected or absorbed and has an effect of not being dissipated from the glass plate 2 to the outside. At the same time, the air layer is vertically divided to inhibit air convection and reduce heat transfer from the power generation cell 3 to the glass plate 2.

As is known from FIG. 3, the supporting member 10 is supported by a cross beam having a thin triangular cross section. The width dimension is 0.3 mm and the pitch is 40 mm in order to reduce the loss of reflection of incident sunlight by the horizontal rail. Therefore, the area occupancy is 1% or less, and the cross section is triangular. Therefore, the sunlight and the surface treatment are performed so that the sunlight irradiated from the upper surface is reflected in the direction of the power generation cell even when it hits the horizontal rail. For this reason, the shielding rate of incident sunlight is almost zero, and it can be said that there is almost no influence on the performance degradation of the solar cogeneration apparatus.
Further, for example, a heat insulating member 7 having a thickness of 25.0 millimeters made of urethane foam resin having a large amount of air layer space (white rectangle in the figure) inside is attached to the lower heat insulating layer of item 5. Yes. Thereby, conduction of heat from the laminated body of the power generation cell 3 and the heat sink substrate 5 to the outside is minimized.

On the other hand, the power generation cell adhesive 4 is made by laminating a 0.1 mm sheet-like resin sheet for improving heat transfer by mixing aluminum particles into hot melt resin (EVA) with a 0.1 mm resin sheet for electrical insulation. It is a thing. This maintains elasticity even after bonding and prevents the power generation cell from being destroyed due to temperature distortion of the heat sink flat plate (aluminum 2.0 mm flat plate). At the same time, the mixed aluminum particles help heat transfer from the heat generating plate to the heat sink plate. The temperature difference between the power generation cell and the heat sink plate by this adhesive is set to be as small as about 1.5 ° C. on average. At the same time, the electrical insulating resin sheet is disposed on the power generation cell side, and the electrical insulation between the power generation cell and its leads is maintained.

Propane gas flowing in the cooling pipe 11 evaporates and absorbs heat at the heat output portion 43 of the heat sink plate 5 of the solar cogeneration apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. The heat output part has a lot of ingenuity in its construction so that the workability of this cooling pipe and the continuous pipe with no connection point in construction can be used (here, a 9.52 mm diameter copper pipe for home use). That is why.

FIG. 4 shows a technique for reducing the amount of heat dissipated by radiation from the power generation cell 3 through the glass plate 2. The power generation cells are installed in the form of flying bands, the width is 20 mm, and the pitch is 40 mm, so the portion without cells is also 20 mm wide. A light reflection plate 8 having a triangular cross section is installed across all modules. The reflecting plate 8 has a mirror-like surface by chromium plating the surface of the ABS resin integrally molded. The bottom surface is joined to a cell-free portion of the cell surface via a support member 29 that is a thin heat insulating material. Almost all of the irradiated sunlight 1 is reflected and irradiated to the power generation cell as shown in the figure. Therefore, the mounting angle theta of the light reflector is set to the optimum angle. As a result, the density of sunlight irradiated to the power generation cell is approximately doubled. If the power generation cell has a linear characteristic between the power generation amount and the amount of irradiation light, the power generation amount in the power generation cell is the same as that of a normal device having the entire surface as a power generation cell and no reflector 8 if the temperature of the power generation cell is controlled to be the same. Become.

On the other hand, the amount of heat generated by sunlight is considered to be the same as that of a normal device if the temperature of the power generation cell is the same. However, since the radiation energy from the power generation cell to the outside world is the same per unit power generation cell area, the area is reduced by half and the effect of reducing the radiation energy is controlled by controlling the temperature of the power generation cell to 58 ° C. When the outside world is in the severe cold season of 0 ° C., the calculation based on the Stefan Boltzmann equation is calculated to reduce about 180 W per 1 square meter light-receiving surface, which is a black body that receives about 1 KW of sunlight. This value is extremely large and is calculated to have an effect of increasing the total energy conversion efficiency of the solar cogeneration system by nearly 18%.

Thus, even if the area of the power generation cell is halved, the effect of obtaining the same or higher power generation and thermal output is considered to be extremely large not only in the solar cogeneration apparatus but also in the case of a solar cell. That is, the cost of halving the power generation cell can be reduced, and the amount of valuable metal such as silicon or indium in the power generation cell can be reduced. As can be seen from the figure, the lower heat insulating material is provided with a blank air layer in it, so it has excellent heat transfer characteristics, and the energy conversion efficiency TCR is improved accordingly, and the material cost of the heat insulating material can be reduced.

In FIG. 5, the bottom of the light reflecting plate 8 having a triangular cross section is lifted by 10 mm from the upper surface of the power generation cell. In this case, the power generation cell is installed in an area of 100% on the power generation cell surface. Since the mounting angle theta for the module of the light reflecting plate 8 is set to the optimum angle, the sunlight incident light is irradiated almost 100% on the surface of the power generation cell as in FIG. However, about 50% of the reflected light and the radiation light from the surface of the power generation cell are reflected by the reflection surface on the lower surface of the reflection plate 8 and return to the power generation cell.
As a result, the amount of light received on the power generation cell surface increases, and the power generation amount and the heat generation amount increase slightly. Furthermore, radiation dissipation from the power generation cell to the outside world is also hindered, so that heat radiation loss to the outside world is reduced.
This effect can be expected even in the case of a solar cell, although an increase in the amount of power generation equivalent is slight.

  Although the reflecting plate shown in FIG. 6 is a substantially flat plate, the details are reflecting plates in the shape of stacked triangular sections. The effect is the same as in FIG. 5, but it is possible to incorporate new ideas into the reflector. In other words, instead of a simple reflector, a light-transmitting thin film is deposited on the surface, so that the short-wavelength spectrum light rays of the incident sunlight from the upper glass are reflected to the power generation cell and emitted from the power generation cell. It is possible to add a function of not reflecting the light beam or reflecting it in the direction of the power generation cell to the surface of the reflection plate. In this case, it is not a stack of small triangles as shown in FIG.

  The configuration of the three types of light reflectors and power generation cells has been presented above. The effect of this reflector is not combined with the previously presented shielding member 9, but the effectiveness of each is considered not to be hindered.

Schematic diagram of solar cogeneration system product examples Schematic cross-sectional structure of solar cogeneration equipment installed on the roof Cross-sectional structure diagram of a typical solar cogeneration system Cross-sectional structure diagram of an example of incorporating a light reflector 1 in a solar cogeneration system Cross-sectional structure diagram of an example of incorporating a light reflector 2 in a solar cogeneration system Cross-sectional structure diagram of an example of incorporating a light reflector 3 in a solar cogeneration system

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sunlight 2 Glass plate 3 Power generation cell 4 Power generation cell bonding material 5 Heat sink flat plate 6 Heat pipe heat transfer tube 7 Lower heat insulation layer 8 Solar module light reflector 9 Shielding member 10 Shielding member indicating member 11 Cooling pipe 12 Roof cooling pipe fixing bracket DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 Heat-transfer promotion block 14 Stop bolt 15 Module frame 28 Cooling pipe switching valve 29 Reflector support member 30 Medium temperature heat storage tank 31 High temperature heat storage tank 32 Power controller 33 Transmission line 34 High temperature medium line 35 Medium temperature medium line 37 Tap water 38 Hot water supply Line 39 Warm water line 40 Air-conditioning fan coil unit 41 Floor heating wall heating panel 42 Power generation cell cooling part 43 Heat output part 100 Solar cogeneration device 101 Module mounting base 102 Installation angle 103 Roof

Although the technologies described above are presumed to have emerged from development activities for realizing a solar cogeneration device, the device itself has not appeared in the form of a product in the market. There are several reasons for this, but the biggest one is considered to be because a cost-effective method or apparatus equivalent to the price of commercial power energy cannot be realized. It is possible to operate effectively at low ambient temperature in winter, and there has been no development of a device with a method and configuration that can practically perform installation work. As a result, the configuration of the device is complicated and the cost is practical. It is thought that the cause is not within the level. In terms of technology, it is considered that there is no clear solution to problems such as insufficient heat recovery effect due to increased heat dissipation, heat resistant temperature, thermal strain absorption, and insufficient low temperature resistance characteristics of members. The technology necessary for solving such problems in actual commercialization cannot be found in the background technologies shown above.
JP 58-158455 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-066605 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-234020 JP 2003-314903 A JP 2005-195187 A JP 2004-317117 A JP 2004-60972 A JP 2003-332607 A Matsushita Electric Works Technical Report (Mar. 2002) Thermal simulator for solar energy utilization design

Claim 8 is an invention of a technology that contributes to securing TCR, which is an important problem in the solar cogeneration apparatus having such an overall configuration. Sunlight enters the power generation cell to generate electricity and generate heat. This heat is transmitted to the glass plate on the upper surface through the upper heat insulating layer and dissipated to the atmosphere. As a standard operating condition of the system, when the power generation cell temperature is controlled to 55 ° C. and the external temperature is 0 ° C., this dissipated heat amount is the total irradiation energy amount of sunlight when the air layer thickness is 20 mm. It is calculated as about 8% of 1KW per square meter. By installing the shielding member according to claim 8 , the effect of reducing the natural heat convection in the air layer and reducing the amount of dissipated heat to about 5% is expected.

Since the shielding member aiming at the effect of reducing the amount of heat dissipated as described above usually uses a thin resin film or resin flat plate, a holding body for holding the shielding member to support it and hold it in an appropriate position. Is required. This holding body is composed of a mesh or a thin frame. In that case, there is a concern that the irradiation of solar power generation cells may be hindered. In the tenth aspect , it is important that the shielding member support is composed of a very thin mesh or frame so that the irradiated sunlight is not reflected. In order to reduce the area shielding rate that hinders irradiation to 1.0% or less, it is a structure in which a very fine mesh or frame having a diameter of 0.5 mm or less, for example, is formed with 100 mm pitch grids. If the shielding rate is 1.0% or less, the effect of reducing the amount of dissipated heat is effective, but it is actually desirable to aim for an area shielding rate of 0.5% or less.

The irradiation member is intended to reduce heat transfer loss from the power generation cell surface to the outside world by inhibiting air convection. Further, by providing the shielding member with a light selective reflection characteristic, it is possible to reduce a large heat loss by giving an effect of reducing radiation heat radiation from the surface of the power generation cell to the outside. The wavelength spectrum of sunlight is distributed at a wavelength of 1.5 microns or less. On the other hand, the radiation spectrum from the power generation cell controlled at about 55 ° C. is in the long wavelength region of 2 μm or more. Therefore, the object is achieved by reflecting radiation light having a wavelength longer than 2 micrometers by a thin film composed of a resin thin film and a combination of extremely thin different resin layers. Claim 9 proposes to use a member having this selective reflection characteristic as a shielding member.

Giving the same effect to the glass plate on the top surface is another promising candidate technology. It has been long before it has been put into practical use that a wavelength-selective reflection characteristic can be obtained by depositing a transparent metal film on the surface of a glass flat plate by vapor deposition or sputtering. An ITO film or a tin oxide film is formed into an appropriate thin film. In the present invention, the specification of the thin film is greatly different from that of the conventional film, and as a selective effect characteristic, an effect of reflecting radiation light having a wavelength of 2 μm or more is obtained. From the top, the film is slightly thicker than that which has been put to practical use. In Claim 5 , the technique about the solar cogeneration apparatus using the glass plate which has this light selection characteristic is shown.

Claim 11 is a technique aimed at the effect of increasing the amount of light generated as a result of increasing the irradiation light to the power generation cell by reflecting the radiant light reflected or radiated from the surface of the power generation cell of the solar power generation device. presentation. A solar water heater with a solar reflector attached to the upper end of the water heater module can be found on the roof of many homes. This method is expected to have the same effect as a solar water heater having a larger module area even with the same module area. Solar power generation is expected to produce the same effect. However, when such a reflector is attached to the outside of the glass plate at the top of the module, there is a problem in that the adjacent power generation module is attached to the shade of the reflector in the system of the solar power generation apparatus configured by arranging many modules side by side. . In this case, the adjacent module must be installed with a gap in the shaded area.

The technology presented in claim 11 is a photovoltaic power generation apparatus, in which an air layer space is provided between the cover glass and the power generation cell, and the power generation cell is separated and installed with a gap, and the gap is irradiated. Provided with a light reflection plate for reflecting the solar light to the power generation cell. This effect has the effect of reducing the amount of power generation cells used compared to a normal power generation cell in which the power generation cells are installed over the entire surface of the module without any gaps, thereby reducing overall costs. Since there is a drawback that the thickness of the module increases because a space is provided between the cover glass and the power generation cell to accommodate the height dimension of this reflector, the optimum value must be carefully examined for the dimension. I must.

In the case of a solar cogeneration apparatus, the effect is more remarkable. This is because there is an effect of reducing heat dissipation due to radiation from the surface of the power generation cell. This scheme is presented in claim 2 . By providing a reflector in the upper heat insulating layer of the solar module, the temperature can be increased by irradiating a small-sized power generation cell intensively. Moreover, the amount of radiation to the outside from the power generation cell surface area is reduced, and heat dissipation loss can be reduced. This is because the amount of radiation from an object is proportional to the area if the surface state and temperature are the same.

The light reflector is a long rod having a substantially triangular cross section as shown in claims 12 and 16 , and one side of the triangle is placed in contact with a plane in which the power generation cell is reduced to about 50% in a band shape, A configuration in which all the sunlight is reflected toward the power generation cell and irradiated to the power generation cell installed in the band shape (having an area of about 50% in a striped shape) shown in claim 14 is practical.
In this case, it is possible to irradiate the power generation cell of 0.5 sqm with all of the solar irradiation energy of 1 kW per unit surface area (1 sqm) of the power generation cell. The temperature of the power generation cell is controlled at the same temperature as before the reduction of the power generation cell, for example, 55 ° C. by controlling the cooling of the heat sink. As a result, it is possible to obtain the same amount of power generation with half the power generation cell area. At the same time, the radiant energy loss due to radiation from the power generation cell can be reduced by about 200 W (per square meter), and as a result, the output heat obtained on the heat sink side can be expected to be about 350 W.

When the power generation cell is installed over the entire surface without a gap, the reflector according to claim 1 is effective. In this case, the reflecting plate described in claim 12 is installed by being floated by a certain dimension from the surface of the power generation cell. Specifically, it is effective to lift the reflecting plate having the above dimensions by about 8 to 13 mm. Incident sunlight is reflected by the two surfaces of the reflector, and a part of the sunlight is irradiated to the power generation cell surface which is a shadow against one side of the bottom surface of the reflector. As a result, the entire surface of the power generation cell is irradiated on average, and the power generation cell generates power and generates heat. On the other hand, heat rays corresponding to the surface of the power generation cell controlled to about 55 ° C. are radiated. About 50% of the light is reflected by the mirror-like lower surface of the reflecting plate and irradiated again to the power generation cell.

Light reflector presented in this example are possible to have same effects those plate-shaped rather than a cube of triangular section Claim 6. As an example of this reflector, as shown in the embodiment, the surface is made into a small step shape, the sunlight from the cover glass is reflected to the power generation cell side, and the radiation light from the power generation cell side is reflected to the power generation cell side It is something that has For example, several small triangles are stacked on top and bottom to form a staircase. Its outer surface is perpendicular to the center line of the reflector so that the power generation cell side faces the power generation cell surface, and the cover glass side is the reflection plate. A parallel shape with a slight inclination with respect to the center line can be considered. Both surfaces of the flat light reflection plate have such a shape. The cross-sectional shape of the flat light reflection plate is a flat plate as a whole, but if viewed finely, it has a configuration in which upper triangular shapes are stacked. The light from the glass plate side is reflected in the direction of the power generation cell, and the light from the power generation cell is reflected to the power generation cell side by the lower surface of each triangle.

In this case, by forming such a fine shape on the reflecting plate surface, or coating the surface with a resin in a thin film shape, reflecting the sunlight spectrum, not reflecting the far infrared spectrum, that is, by absorbing it. It is also effective to have an effect such as replacing heat. The latter does not radiate radiant light to the outside world, reducing the radiation loss from the module, and at the same time heating the reflector to raise the temperature, resulting in the effect of reducing the heat transfer from the power generation cell and reducing the heat loss. It is connected. At this time, the combined use with the shielding member described in claims 8 , 9 and 10 further increases the effect.

The light reflecting plate described above needs to be disposed at an appropriate position and at an appropriate angle over the entire light receiving surface of the solar module. A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is made of an integrally molded resin in order to realize this, and has an integral structure, and as a foam material, the heat capacity is reduced and the thermal insulation characteristics are improved. It is effective to use a beautiful flat surface with a mirror surface such as chromium plating. Since the relative position of the light reflector and the power generation cell is extremely important for exerting its effect, the relative position setting can be secured stably by combining with the power generation cell, cover glass, shielding member, etc. with high accuracy. It is practical to devise and utilize the resin-reflected light reflector and the shape of its outer periphery.

In order to satisfy this conflicting need, it is effective to extract the heat from the power generation cell with as little temperature drop as possible. In order to realize this, a method is conceivable in which the power generation cell is installed on a metal plate having excellent thermal conductivity, such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate, and cooled through cooling water on or inside the metal plate. In the past, many companies, research institutes, etc. have been studying the implementation of this method.
However, in this method, since the antifreeze is used in preparation for freezing of water in winter, the performance deteriorates, and it is necessary to connect cooling pipes for circulating cooling water after installing many modules on the roof etc. It is inferior in feasibility due to increased work and quality problems of water leakage.
Another method that can be considered to avoid this is to use air cooling, but this increases the size of the module, increases the power required for air circulation, and ultimately uses the heat. It is necessary to transfer the heat transferred to the air to the circulating fluid medium again. Overall, it can be said that there is no practicality in terms of cost and performance. Therefore, it is a method of treating heat with a refrigerant. However, a method of circulating a circulating refrigerant by providing a pipe line on the back surface of a heat sink plate that is a substrate of a power generation cell is not a possible measure because of concerns about cost, effectiveness, and leak quality of the connection portion. The technique recommended here is a method in which the heat sink flat plate is formed of a thin copper plate or an aluminum plate and a heat pipe is provided on the back surface thereof as shown in claim 15 .

Therefore, claims 3 and 4 present a technique for solving this problem. This effect is a technique for minimizing or eliminating the size and the required area of the heat output portion of the heat sink. In an embodiment to be described later, a heat output portion is provided continuously extending outside the cooling portion of the power generation cell, and is fixed in a heat transfer relationship with the cooling pipe there. In this state, for example, the heat output portion may be provided with an extension portion of about 100 mm in order to fix the cooling pipe having a diameter of 10 mm. However, in this case, it is necessary to conduct heat dissipation through a heat pipe portion having a length of about 100 mm, and the condensation heat radiation region is too short compared to the length of the evaporation region in the cooling portion of the power generation cell having a length of 1000 mm. As a result, the required temperature difference for heat transfer increases. That is, even if the temperature difference between the power generation cell and the cooling pipe is designed to be within 5.0 degrees, for example, the temperature difference expands to about 8.0 degrees, leading to deterioration of the thermal acquisition performance or lowering of the final thermal output temperature. There is a fear.

As an improvement method for this purpose, an idea on the system configuration is shown in claim 7 and will be described later in an embodiment. On the solar heat usage side, a heat storage tank is combined to adjust the time difference from the consumption time. In particular, a heat storage system using a latent heat material is effective for storing a large amount of heat at a low temperature with high space efficiency. For example, when paraffin having a melting temperature of 55 ° C. is used, when heat of 55 ° C. is stored, the amount of heat about 2.5 times or more can be stored in the same heat storage tank as compared with water. It is an object to realize a system that enables low-temperature heat storage as described above in this state. In order to effectively use solar heat as a whole system based on the actual situation as described above, the idea is to combine both a heat storage tank that stores heat at the rated temperature and a heat storage tank that stores heat at a lower temperature. For example, by incorporating both a heat storage tank using paraffin having a melting temperature of 53 ° C. and a heat storage tank using paraffin at 40 ° C., one of the heat storage tanks is selected according to the operating state of the solar cogeneration system. This is a method of storing the amount of heat.

`` A cogeneration core with a glass plate with high sunlight transmission, etc. as the top cover, an upper thermal insulation layer below it, a power generation cell and a metal heat sink flat plate below it, and a lower thermal insulation below it The layers are joined together in order to form a flat plate as a whole, and at least in the upper heat insulating layer, that is, at an appropriate position between the lower surface of the upper surface cover and the upper surface of the power generation cell A single flat shielding member is installed to reduce heat loss from the power generation cell, and at the same time, a cooling medium connected to a cooling pipe joined to the heat sink plate is controlled to control the power generation cell or the heat sink. Characterized by controlling the temperature of the flat plate
The solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “Description of A”) ”is an invention of a technology that contributes to securing TCR, which is an important issue in the solar cogeneration apparatus having such an overall configuration. Sunlight enters the power generation cell to generate electricity and generate heat. This heat is transmitted to the glass plate on the upper surface through the upper heat insulating layer and dissipated to the atmosphere. As a standard operating condition of the system, when the power generation cell temperature is controlled to 55 ° C. and the external temperature is 0 ° C., this dissipated heat amount is the total irradiation energy amount of sunlight when the air layer thickness is 20 mm. It is calculated as about 8% of 1KW per square meter. By installing the shielding member described in A above, the effect of reducing the natural heat convection in the air layer and reducing the amount of dissipated heat to about 5% is expected.

Since the shielding member aiming at the effect of reducing the amount of heat dissipated as described above usually uses a thin resin film or resin flat plate, a holding body for holding the shielding member to support it and hold it in an appropriate position. Is required. This holding body is composed of a mesh or a thin frame. In that case, there is a concern that the irradiation of solar power generation cells may be hindered. “In the solar cogeneration apparatus according to A above, a metal or resin mesh or frame having a sunlight shielding area ratio of 1% or less is supported between the upper surface cover and the power generation cell. The shielding member and its shielding member support (hereinafter referred to as “B”), which is characterized by being installed in a flat shape, is composed of a very thin mesh or frame body and irradiated sunlight. It is important not to reflect the light. In order to reduce the area shielding rate that hinders irradiation to 1.0% or less, it is a structure in which a very fine mesh or frame having a diameter of 0.5 mm or less, for example, is formed with 100 mm pitch grids. If the shielding rate is 1.0% or less, the effect of reducing the amount of dissipated heat is effective, but it is actually desirable to aim for an area shielding rate of 0.5% or less.

The irradiation member is intended to reduce heat transfer loss from the power generation cell surface to the outside world by inhibiting air convection. Further, by providing the shielding member with a light selective reflection characteristic, it is possible to reduce a large heat loss by giving an effect of reducing radiation heat radiation from the surface of the power generation cell to the outside. The wavelength spectrum of sunlight is distributed at a wavelength of 1.5 microns or less. On the other hand, the radiation spectrum from the power generation cell controlled at about 55 ° C. is in the long wavelength region of 2 μm or more. Therefore, the object is achieved by reflecting radiation light having a wavelength longer than 2 micrometers by a thin film composed of a resin thin film and a combination of extremely thin different resin layers. “The shielding member has high light transmission in the short wavelength range of 0.3 to 1.5 μm, which sunlight has for the purpose of transmitting sunlight and reflecting radiation from the power cell surface at the same time. As described above in A, characterized in that it has a selective reflection characteristic having a light reflection characteristic in a long wavelength region of 2 microns or more possessed by a radiant light from a black body having a temperature around 55 ° C. The solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “C”) proposes to use a member having this selective reflection characteristic as a shielding member.

Giving the same effect to the glass plate on the top surface is another promising candidate technology. It has been long before it has been put into practical use that a wavelength-selective reflection characteristic can be obtained by depositing a transparent metal film on the surface of a glass flat plate by vapor deposition or sputtering. An ITO film or a tin oxide film is formed into an appropriate thin film. In the present invention, the specification of the thin film is greatly different from that of the conventional film, and as a selective effect characteristic, an effect of reflecting radiation light having a wavelength of 2 μm or more is obtained. From the top, the film is slightly thicker than that which has been put to practical use. “A glass plate with high sunlight permeability is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulation layer consisting of an air layer underneath, a cogeneration core with a power generation cell and a metal heat sink substrate laminated, and a lower heat insulation layer underneath are sequentially joined. In the solar module configured in a flat plate shape, for the purpose of transmitting sunlight and reflecting radiation light from the surface of the power generation cell at the same time, the solar module has a 0.3 to 1.5 micron meter. High light transmission characteristics in a short wavelength range, while providing selective reflection characteristics having light reflection characteristics for light in a long wavelength range of 2 microns or more possessed by radiation from a black body having a temperature around 55 ° C. Therefore, the solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “D”) having a transparent thin film coated on the lower surface of the glass plate has this light selective property . The technology about the solar cogeneration system using the glass plate is presented.

The technology aiming at the effect of increasing the amount of power generated by reflecting the radiant light reflected or radiated from the surface of the power generation cell of the solar power generation device and, as a result, increasing the amount of power generation is “Sunlight transmission” In a solar module in which a high-performance glass plate or the like is used as an upper surface cover, an air layer is provided below it, and a power generation cell is further provided therebelow to form a flat plate as a whole, and the power generation cell is partially removed. In addition, a light reflecting plate is installed in the air layer, that is, between the lower surface of the upper surface cover and the upper surface of the power generation cell, to reflect the sunlight irradiated to the portion where the power generation cell is removed to the upper surface of the power generation cell. It was presented in the featured photovoltaic power generation apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “description of E”) . A solar water heater with a solar reflector attached to the upper end of the water heater module can be found on the roof of many homes. This method is expected to have the same effect as a solar water heater having a larger module area even with the same module area. Solar power generation is expected to produce the same effect. However, when such a reflector is attached to the outside of the glass plate at the top of the module, there is a problem in that the adjacent power generation module is attached to the shade of the reflector in the system of the solar power generation apparatus configured by arranging many modules side by side. . In this case, the adjacent module must be installed with a gap in the shaded area.

The technology presented in E above is a solar power generation device in which an air space is provided between the cover glass and the power generation cell, and the power generation cell is separated and installed with a gap between them, and the gap is irradiated. A light reflection plate is provided for reflecting the generated sunlight to the power generation cell. This effect has the effect of reducing the amount of power generation cells used compared to a normal power generation cell in which the power generation cells are installed over the entire surface of the module without any gaps, thereby reducing overall costs. Since there is a drawback that the thickness of the module increases because a space is provided between the cover glass and the power generation cell to accommodate the height dimension of this reflector, the optimum value must be carefully examined for the dimension. I must.

The light reflector is “a cross-sectional shape is substantially triangular, and the power generation cell surface or a plane connected to the power generation cell is in contact with or opposite to one side of the triangle, and the other two sides are raised toward the top cover. The surface is provided with a high light reflection characteristic like a mirror by metal plating or the like in order to efficiently reflect the incident sunlight toward the power generation cell surface. The light reflecting plate used in the apparatus according to any one of “Description of E” (hereinafter referred to as “Description of F”) and “The light reflecting plate described in F above” are used. A solar power generation apparatus or solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “G description”) according to claim 2 or “description E” has a long triangular cross-section, and the triangle On one side, the power generation cell was reduced to about 50% in a band shape Installed in contact with the surface and reflected all the sunlight toward the power generation cell, "removing the power generation cell in a strip shape, the light reflecting plate described in F above so that the position of the bottom of the cell matches the removed portion. The solar power generation device or solar cogeneration device according to claim 2 or claim E (hereinafter referred to as “Description of H”), wherein the solar power generation device is installed and reflects sunlight toward the power generation cell portion. It is practical to irradiate a power generation cell installed in a band shape (having an area of about 50% in a stripe shape) shown in FIG.
In this case, it is possible to irradiate the power generation cell of 0.5 sqm with all of the solar irradiation energy of 1 kW per unit surface area (1 sqm) of the power generation cell. The temperature of the power generation cell is controlled at the same temperature as before the reduction of the power generation cell, for example, 55 ° C. by controlling the cooling of the heat sink. As a result, it is possible to obtain the same amount of power generation with half the power generation cell area. At the same time, the radiant energy loss due to radiation from the power generation cell can be reduced by about 200 W (per square meter), and as a result, the output heat obtained on the heat sink side can be expected to be about 350 W.

When the power generation cell is installed over the entire surface without a gap, the reflector according to claim 1 is effective. In this case, the reflector described in F above is installed with a certain dimension floating from the surface of the power generation cell. Specifically, it is effective to lift the reflector of the above dimensions by about 8 to 13 mm. Incident sunlight is reflected by the two surfaces of the reflector, and a part of the sunlight is irradiated to the power generation cell surface which is a shadow against one side of the bottom surface of the reflector. As a result, the entire surface of the power generation cell is irradiated on average, and the power generation cell generates power and generates heat. On the other hand, heat rays corresponding to the surface of the power generation cell controlled to about 55 ° C. are radiated. About 50% of the light is reflected by the mirror-like lower surface of the reflecting plate and irradiated again to the power generation cell.

Light reflector presented in this example are possible to have same effects those plate-shaped rather than a cube of triangular section Claim 3. As an example of this reflector, as shown in the embodiment, the surface is made into a small step shape, the sunlight from the cover glass is reflected to the power generation cell side, and the radiation light from the power generation cell side is reflected to the power generation cell side It is something that has For example, several small triangles are stacked on top and bottom to form a staircase. Its outer surface is perpendicular to the center line of the reflector so that the power generation cell side faces the power generation cell surface, and the cover glass side is the reflection plate. A parallel shape with a slight inclination with respect to the center line can be considered. Both surfaces of the flat light reflection plate have such a shape. The cross-sectional shape of the flat light reflection plate is a flat plate as a whole, but if viewed finely, it has a configuration in which upper triangular shapes are stacked. The light from the glass plate side is reflected in the direction of the power generation cell, and the light from the power generation cell is reflected to the power generation cell side by the lower surface of each triangle.

In this case, by forming such a fine shape on the reflecting plate surface, or coating the surface with a resin in a thin film shape, reflecting the sunlight spectrum, not reflecting the far infrared spectrum, that is, by absorbing it. It is also effective to have an effect such as replacing heat. The latter does not radiate radiant light to the outside world, reducing the radiation loss from the module, and at the same time heating the reflector to raise the temperature, resulting in the effect of reducing the heat transfer from the power generation cell and reducing the heat loss. It is connected. At this time, the combined use with the shielding member described in the description of A, the description of C, and the description of B further increases the effect.

The light reflecting plate described above needs to be disposed at an appropriate position and at an appropriate angle over the entire light receiving surface of the solar module. “The main body material is made of a material with a small thermal conductivity, such as plastic, and a large number of reflectors are integrally formed or molded, and the surface of the reflector is mirror-like with a thin metal film plated with metal. The light reflecting plate used in the solar cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1 or the light reflecting plate according to any one of claims 3 and F (hereinafter referred to as “description of I”). “)” Is made of an integrally molded resin to realize this, and has an integral structure, and has a reduced heat capacity and improved thermal insulation characteristics as a foamed material. It is effective to use a beautiful flat surface with a mirror surface such as chromium plating. Since the relative position of the light reflector and the power generation cell is extremely important for exerting its effect, the relative position setting can be secured stably by combining with the power generation cell, cover glass, shielding member, etc. with high accuracy. It is practical to devise and utilize the resin-reflected light reflector and the shape of its outer periphery.

In order to satisfy this conflicting need, it is effective to extract the heat from the power generation cell with as little temperature drop as possible. In order to realize this, a method is conceivable in which the power generation cell is installed on a metal plate having excellent thermal conductivity, such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate, and cooled through cooling water on or inside the metal plate. In the past, many companies, research institutes, etc. have been studying the implementation of this method.
However, in this method, since the antifreeze is used in preparation for freezing of water in winter, the performance deteriorates, and it is necessary to connect cooling pipes for circulating cooling water after installing many modules on the roof etc. It is inferior in feasibility due to increased work and quality problems of water leakage. Another method that can be considered to avoid this is to use air cooling, but this increases the size of the module, increases the power required for air circulation, and ultimately uses the heat. It is necessary to transfer the heat transferred to the air to the circulating fluid medium again. Overall, it can be said that there is no practicality in terms of cost and performance. Therefore, it is a method of treating heat with a refrigerant. However, a method of circulating a circulating refrigerant by providing a pipe line on the back surface of a heat sink plate that is a substrate of a power generation cell is not a possible measure because of concerns about cost, effectiveness, and leak quality of the connection portion. The technology recommended here is `` a cogeneration core in which a glass plate with high sunlight permeability is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulating layer consisting of an air layer underneath, a power generation cell and a metal heat sink flat plate underneath, In addition, in the solar module in which the lower heat insulating layer is sequentially joined below and the whole is formed in a flat plate shape, the metal heat sink flat plate made of aluminum roll bond and having a pipe line inside, or A flat plate with a multi-hole pipe formed by aluminum extrusion molding, or a flat plate made of aluminum or copper with a heat pipe line attached to the back side in a heat transfer relationship, and water or HFC or HC or CO2 gas and liquid are sealed, and the axial direction of the pipe line is set so as to be inclined when the solar module is installed. A solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “J”) is characterized in that solar heat generated in the power generation cell is collected in the heat output portion by forced cooling in the heat output portion which is a part of the top pipe and the heat sink plate. As described in “Description”)) , the heat sink flat plate is formed of a thin copper plate or an aluminum plate, and a heat pipe is provided on the back surface thereof.

Therefore, “the heat output portion joined to the cooling pipe connected with the cooling medium for cooling the heat sink plate and the rest of the metal heat sink plate as the power generation cell cooling portion joined to the power generation cell. A plurality of heat pipes joined in a heat transfer relationship with the heat sink flat plate over the power generation cell cooling portion and the heat output portion, and the entire solar cogeneration device is arranged on a sloping roof or vertically outside. In a solar cogeneration apparatus having a structure in which the heat output portion is positioned higher than the power generation cell cooling portion or horizontally when installed on a wall surface, the cooling pipe, the heat sink plate, and the heat In order to fix the pipe and strengthen the mutual heat transfer relationship, a part of the cooling part of the power generation cell and the part of the heat output are straddled. A solar cogeneration system (hereinafter referred to as “K's”) characterized by having a heat transfer promotion block or a heat transfer reinforcement made of aluminum or copper and tightened to achieve a more effective heat transfer relationship. The description of K above, wherein a part of the cooling portion of the power generation cell is also used as the heat output portion, and the protrusion of the heat output portion from the power generation cell portion is eliminated. A solar cogeneration apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “L description”) presents a technique for solving this problem. This effect is a technique for minimizing or eliminating the size and the required area of the heat output portion of the heat sink. In an embodiment to be described later, a heat output portion is provided continuously extending outside the cooling portion of the power generation cell, and is fixed in a heat transfer relationship with the cooling pipe there. In this state, for example, the heat output portion may be provided with an extension portion of about 100 mm in order to fix the cooling pipe having a diameter of 10 mm. However, in this case, it is necessary to conduct heat dissipation through a heat pipe portion having a length of about 100 mm, and the condensation heat radiation region is too short compared to the length of the evaporation region in the cooling portion of the power generation cell having a length of 1000 mm. As a result, the required temperature difference for heat transfer increases. That is, even if the temperature difference between the power generation cell and the cooling pipe is designed to be within 5.0 degrees, for example, the temperature difference expands to about 8.0 degrees, leading to deterioration of the thermal acquisition performance or lowering of the final thermal output temperature. There is a fear.

As an improvement method for this purpose, the idea of the system configuration is “The heat output given to the medium that communicates the cooling pipe in the heat output part is communicated with the heat storage tank using the heat storage material having the latent heat of fusion such as paraffin. It is characterized by having two heat storage tanks using heat storage materials with melting point temperatures between 55 ° C plus or minus 5 ° C and 40 ° C plus or minus 5 ° C, respectively. Solar cogeneration system (hereinafter referred to as “description of M”) ” and will be described later in the examples. On the solar heat usage side, a heat storage tank is combined to adjust the time difference from the consumption time. In particular, a heat storage system using a latent heat material is effective for storing a large amount of heat at a low temperature with high space efficiency. For example, when paraffin having a melting temperature of 55 ° C. is used, when heat of 55 ° C. is stored, the amount of heat about 2.5 times or more can be stored in the same heat storage tank as compared with water. It is an object to realize a system that enables low-temperature heat storage as described above in this state. In order to effectively use solar heat as a whole system based on the actual situation as described above, the idea is to combine both a heat storage tank that stores heat at the rated temperature and a heat storage tank that stores heat at a lower temperature. For example, by incorporating both a heat storage tank using paraffin having a melting temperature of 53 ° C. and a heat storage tank using paraffin at 40 ° C., one of the heat storage tanks is selected according to the operating state of the solar cogeneration system. This is a method of storing the amount of heat.

Claims (16)

  A glass plate with high sunlight permeability, etc. is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulating layer consisting of an air layer underneath it, a cogeneration core with a power generation cell and a metal heat sink plate laminated below it, and a lower heat insulating layer below it Are joined together in order to form a flat plate as a whole, and in the upper heat insulating layer, that is, at least one made of a thin film or thin plate having high sunlight permeability at an appropriate position between the lower surface of the upper surface cover and the upper surface of the power generation cell. A planar shielding member is installed to reduce heat loss from the power generation cell, and at the same time, a cooling medium connected to the cooling pipe joined to the heat sink plate is controlled to control the power generation cell or the heat sink plate. Solar cogeneration system characterized by controlling the temperature of   2. The solar cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a metal or resin mesh or frame having a sunlight shielding area ratio of 1% or less is supported between the upper surface cover and the power generation cell. The shielding member and the shielding member support characterized by being installed in a planar shape.  For the purpose of transmitting sunlight and reflecting radiant light from the surface of the power generation cell at the same time, it has high light transmission characteristics in the short wavelength range of 0.3 to 1.5 micrometer that solar light has, The shielding member according to claim 1, wherein the shielding member has a selective reflection characteristic having a light reflection characteristic in a long wavelength range of 2 micrometers or more, which has a radiation from a black body having a temperature around 55 ° C.   A glass plate with high sunlight permeability is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulating layer consisting of an air layer below it, a cogeneration core with a power generation cell and a metal heat sink substrate laminated, and a lower heat insulating layer are sequentially joined below. In a solar module configured in a flat plate shape, the range of 0.3 to 1.5 microns of sunlight for the purpose of transmitting sunlight and reflecting radiation from the power generation cell surface at the same time In order to have a high light transmission characteristic in a short wavelength region of light and a selective reflection property having a light reflection property for light of a long wavelength region of 2 μm or more, which is radiated from a black body having a temperature of about 55 ° C. Furthermore, a solar cogeneration apparatus characterized in that a transparent thin film is coated on the lower surface of the glass plate.  A solar module in which a glass plate or the like with high sunlight permeability is used as an upper surface cover, an air layer is provided below it, and a power generation cell is further provided therebelow to form a flat plate as a whole, and the power generation cell is partially removed. In the air layer, that is, between the lower surface of the upper surface cover and the upper surface of the previous power generation cell, a light reflecting plate is installed to reflect the sunlight irradiated to the portion where the power generation cell is removed to the upper surface of the power generation cell. A solar power generation device characterized by that.  A glass plate with high sunlight permeability, etc. is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulation layer consisting of an air layer below it, a cogeneration core with a power generation cell and a metal heat sink substrate laminated, and a lower heat insulation layer bonded sequentially below In the solar module in which the whole is formed into a flat plate shape and the power generation cell is partially removed, the power generation is performed in the upper heat insulating layer, that is, between the lower surface of the upper cover and the upper surface of the previous power generation cell. A solar cogeneration system characterized by the installation of a light reflector that reflects the sunlight irradiated to the part from which the cells are removed to the upper surface of the power generation cell.  The cross-sectional shape is approximately triangular, and it is arranged so that one side of the triangle touches or faces the power generation cell surface or a plane connected to the power generation cell, and the other two sides are raised in the direction of the top cover. 7. In order to reflect incident sunlight toward the power generation cell surface efficiently, the surface is provided with a high light reflection characteristic like a mirror by metal plating or the like. The light reflection board used for the apparatus of description. The solar power generation device or the solar cogeneration device according to claim 5, wherein the light reflecting plate according to claim 7 is used.   The power generation cell is removed in a strip shape, and the light reflecting plate according to claim 7 is installed so that the bottom side position coincides with the removed portion, and the sunlight is reflected to the power generation cell portion. Item 5 or 6 The photovoltaic power generation device or photovoltaic cogeneration device according to claim 6   In a solar module in which a glass plate or the like with high sunlight permeability is used as an upper surface cover, an air layer is provided below it, and a power generation cell is provided below it to form a flat plate as a whole, the cross-sectional shape is substantially triangular. The light reflector is placed so that one side of the triangle faces the power cell surface, and the other two sides are raised toward the top cover, and the incident sunlight is efficiently directed toward the power cell surface. In order to reflect, the surface of all three sides is given a mirror-like high light reflection characteristic by metal plating etc., and the bottom reflection surface of the light reflection plate is floated with a clearance of the required dimension from the power generation cell surface. A solar power generation device or a solar cogeneration device characterized by being arranged in the air layer.   It is installed in the air layer in a solar module in which a glass plate with high sunlight permeability is used as the top cover, an air layer is provided below it, and a power generation cell is provided below it to form a flat plate as a whole. The cross-sectional shape is a flat plate or a shape close to a flat plate as a whole, and reflects sunlight incident on both surfaces toward the surface of the power generation cell and also reflects radiation light from the surface of the power generation cell or sunlight on the surface of the power generation cell. In order to reflect the light in the direction returning to the power generation cell surface instead of reflecting the light in the normal direction, for example, a stepped fine surface shape or a surface treatment that absorbs long-wave radiation is applied. A light reflection plate characterized by having different light reflection characteristics or light absorption characteristics depending on whether it is sunlight incident light passing through a glass plate or radiation light incident from the direction of a power generation cell. .   A feature is that a large number of reflectors are integrally formed or molded using a material with low thermal conductivity such as plastic as the main body material, and the surface of the reflector is mirror-like with a thin metal film plated with metal. The light reflecting plate used in the solar cogeneration apparatus according to claim 10 or the light reflecting plate according to any one of claims 7 and 11.   A glass plate with high sunlight permeability, etc. is used as the top cover, an upper heat insulating layer consisting of an air layer underneath it, a cogeneration core with a power generation cell and a metal heat sink plate laminated below it, and a lower heat insulating layer below it In the solar module in which the whole is formed into a flat plate shape by joining together, the metal heat sink flat plate made of aluminum roll bond and having a pipe line inside, or a multi-hole tube by aluminum extrusion molding A flat plate with a pipe, or a flat plate made of aluminum or copper with a heat pipe pipe attached to the back surface in a heat transfer relationship, and water, HFC, HC, or CO2 gas in the pipe and The liquid pipe is sealed and installed so that the axial direction of the pipe line is inclined when the solar module is installed, and the heat pipe and the heat sink are installed. By forcibly cooled by the heat output section is part of a flat plate, photovoltaic cogeneration ray Deployment apparatus characterized by a solar heat generated in the power generation cell were collected in the heat output section. Most of the metal heat sink flat plate is a power generation cell cooling portion joined to the power generation cell, and the remaining portion is a heat output portion joined to a cooling pipe communicating with a cooling medium for cooling the heat sink flat plate, A plurality of heat pipes joined in heat transfer relation with the heat sink flat plate are arranged across the power generation cell cooling part and the heat output part, and the entire solar cogeneration system is installed on an inclined roof or a vertical outer wall surface. In a solar cogeneration apparatus having a structure in which the heat output portion is positioned higher than the power generation cell cooling portion or horizontally,
In order to fix the cooling pipe, the heat sink flat plate, and the heat pipe to further strengthen the heat transfer relationship with each other, aluminum or copper transfer across a part of the cooling portion of the power generation cell and the heat output portion. A solar cogeneration apparatus characterized by a heat transfer block or a heat transfer reinforcing body that is tightened to achieve a more effective heat transfer relationship.   The solar cogeneration apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a part of the cooling portion of the power generation cell is also used as the heat output portion, and a protrusion of the heat output portion from the power generation cell portion is eliminated.   In a system in which the heat output given to the medium communicating with the cooling pipe at the heat output portion is stored by connecting the cooling pipe to a heat storage tank using a heat storage material having melting latent heat such as paraffin, the melting point temperature is 55 A solar cogeneration system characterized by the provision of two heat storage tanks using heat storage materials between ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ and 40 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, respectively.