JP2011129626A - Reflected light utilization type solar light module system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve economically important problems that though a condensing system has been examined as technique for suppressing an increase in necessary light reception area and a rise in output electric power price while a solar battery has an approximately 13% efficiency of conversion for changing solar light energy into electric power, a special cooling device is needed because of a rise in temperature of cells due to light condensation and a device which adjusts the direction of the solar battery by tracking the irradiation direction of the sunlight is needed for a lens condensing system. <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to various techniques of a system which uses a fixedly installed solar light electric heating module 1 and performs temperature control over the cells while condensing solar light toward a module surface by providing flat reflecting plates 101 and 102 at south-north positions thereof, and a system which performs similar light condensation using a solar battery and dissipating heat to the reflecting plates themselves to cool the solar battery cells. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

At present, solar power generators and solar water heaters (solar heat collectors) are attracting attention not only in Japan but also overseas, reducing consumption of petroleum resources, preventing global warming, suppressing the rise in prices of petroleum resource-related components, Expansion is expected as a device system that meets other global environmental requirements and social needs. However, the market scale has been on the order of 100,000 units a year for home use in Japan. On the other hand, there are 4 million units of gas / oil hot water supply units and 7 million units of home air conditioners. The government is relying on subsidies from emergency investments to improve the global environment.

The reason why the market scale of the single-function solar power generation device or the solar water heater itself does not increase is that the output effect is insufficient for the investment price of the device. That is, the period for collecting the initial investment (PBT) is as long as 10 years or more, that is, it takes 30 years to recover the investment in a solar power generation device for home use, or conversely, the service life of the solar water heater is 10 years or less. This is because there are problems.
In terms of energy efficiency, the conversion efficiency (ECR) in which solar energy irradiated to the photovoltaic power generation device is converted into electric power is about 12 to 14% in a device in practical use, and the remaining energy amount 88 to 86% are not available. This requires a large-area device as an energy supply device, and the generated power cost is nearly twice as high as 23 yen / KWh, which is the cost obtained with commercial power, that is, about 40 yen / KWh. The initial investment payback period has been extended to about 30 years, which is the main reason for the lack of progress. For this reason, new technology development for improving the conversion efficiency (ECR) of the power generation cell itself is expected.
For example, a 3KW solar power generation system for home use usually requires a light receiving area of 30 square meters, which not only imposes great restrictions on installation space, but also increases the price of actual installation work that is extremely difficult. It is a factor and a factor that hinders the spread.
As a result, while the commercial grid power is currently about 23 yen / KW in Japan, the output power price for a solar cell alone is about 40 yen / KWh, assuming that the lifetime is 20 to 25 years. For this reason, its spread has not progressed.

Therefore, recent research and development on solar power generators has been remarkable with the aim of solving these problems. Research is also progressing on the use of silicon crystal cells, such as polycrystallization, thinning of silicon crystals, improvement of power generation characteristics of crystal bodies and improvement of light reception characteristics of crystal surfaces.
In addition, a silicon amorphous material formed on a glass surface or a plastic film surface or a material obtained by laminating the silicon amorphous material with a silicon crystal has been improved. In addition, a material that is made of a material different from silicon such as copper or indium and deposited on a glass substrate as a cell material is also promising as an alternative to a silicon-based cell to avoid resource shortage. Solar cells using a thin aluminum plate as the cell electrode substrate have also been commercialized. This is a structure in which small spherical silicon with a diameter of about 1 mm is embedded in the mortar-shaped holes of an aluminum substrate on which a large number of mortar-shaped ridges are formed, and the surface of the mortar-shaped holes gathers in the spherical silicon. It has the function of reflecting light and has the function of an electrode.
In other words, there are many types of substrates for power generation cells such as silicon itself, glass plates, resin plates, and aluminum plates.

The present inventor has already proposed an invention relating to the structure of a solar module for effectively using solar energy using these power generation cells, and is intended for consumer use, particularly home use, business use, and industrial use. Has been proposed as a solar energy combined use module (hereinafter referred to as a solar cogeneration module or a solar electric heating module) that receives sunlight and simultaneously generates power and supplies heat.
Research and development of solar electric heating modules that can obtain electric power and heat with the same photoreceptor have been studied for several decades. That is, a metal plate as a heat sink is installed on the back surface of the power generation cell, and the heat generated in the power generation cell is collected through water and refrigerant in a pipe and a medium passage integrated with the metal plate. According to this method, the overall light receiving area can be reduced compared to the solar power generator and solar water heater installed separately, and the two basic effects of cost reduction and installation space reduction can be achieved. The installation work can be simplified. Furthermore, by forcibly cooling the power generation cell, the temperature of the power generation cell can be lowered, and the power generation effect of the power generation cell is improved. In addition, when used in homes and stores, there is an advantage that electric power, hot water heating temperature and heating temperature can be obtained at the same time.
It is reported that the output power of the solar electric heating module aimed at in the above technical field can be realized at a price lower than that of commercial power, that is, about 20 yen / KWh.

Unlike solar cells, solar electric modules use a material structure with as high a thermal insulation performance as possible around the cell and the heat sink in order to provide a heat collecting function. In order to use this heat, a cooling medium (generally water, antifreeze) is conducted to the cooling body placed on the back of the module power generation cell to collect heat while cooling the power generation cell, and that heat is used for hot water supply and heating. Is possible.

The technology of the present invention relates to a technology for further improving and improving the energy conversion efficiency using the above-described solar electric heating module, and intends to further contribute to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module.
What are the characteristics of solar thermal modules?
1. High conversion efficiency power for converting light irradiation energy into electric power and heat: 10-15% (equivalent to or better than solar cell power generation characteristics)
Heat: 40% or more (equivalent to solar water heater)
Total energy: about 53-% (achieving maximum efficiency)
The above conversion efficiency is achieved.
2. Cost target: Achieve a cost increase of 25% or less compared to the solar cell module. 3. Operating life equivalent to the solar cell: Achieve 20 years or more (including repair and maintenance). As described above, the output power price is equivalent to the commercial power price, that is, 24 yen / KWh.
However, further improvements in performance and cost reduction are required in order for this solar electric module or solar cell module to be widely used in the future, such as current air conditioners and gas water heaters.

Therefore, in the present invention, a technique that can be widely used in common to secure sufficient power generation and thermal output even when the installation area of the solar electric heating module or the solar cell module is reduced will be presented.
Although it is a condensing type, it is characterized by an economical method that does not require solar tracking, that is, a light reflecting plate that protrudes outside the module is provided to collect light on the light receiving surface of the module In addition to improving the characteristics per module area, the present invention intends to provide a technique for improving the cost-to-output energy ratio of the system. This paper presents a technology that solves some important issues for realizing the commercialization of the effects of this method.

Conventionally, research, development, and patent applications have been conducted on ground-breaking improvement of characteristics by condensing solar cell modules and their application systems. However, as described above, there is no technical information at a completed level on important technical issues such as adverse effects on characteristics due to temperature rise of the power generation cell due to light collection. Since sporadic technical information can be seen below, it is introduced here as background technology.

Among them, Patent Document 1 is an excellent idea for realizing heat collection by condensing by skillfully using a reflector in order to improve heat collection characteristics. In addition, the idea of optimizing the tilting angle of the reflector for condensing light and the idea of improving the characteristics by giving heat insulation to the glass cover on the upper surface are presented, however, using the reflectors presented here The condensing technology is merely an improvement in which a reflector is provided inside the module, and the method of the present invention realizes a significant improvement in characteristics without enlarging the module by providing a reflector outside the module to collect light. It is out of category. Although many improvements in this range are seen, the techniques are outside the scope of the present invention. Further, although there is an explanation that the inclination angle of the reflecting plate is optimally set, the optimal setting in a state where the reflector is actually installed is the direction aimed by the present invention and is not described here.

Patent Document 2 is a light condensing method using a linear lens. This method is extremely unique in that it can be fixedly installed, compared with the lens focusing method that is currently commercialized, which requires a solar tracking device. The condensing method using the reflector and the linear lens handled in the present invention is considered to be excellent in the condensing characteristic among the fixed condensing methods. The lens is larger than the size of the solar module and, unlike the normal condensing lens system, there is a drawback that the solar module cannot be miniaturized, but the effect of improving the characteristics can be sufficiently expected. The problem is the cost of the lens and reflector.
Furthermore, the fact that the entire apparatus becomes three-dimensional and becomes large remains as a problem in terms of practicality.

In Patent Document 3, a reflection condensing mechanism is installed outside the solar module, and the light is condensed on the module. It seems that the effect of improving the characteristics by this light collection can be expected sufficiently. However, since the solar module becomes high temperature due to condensing, it is not suitable for the solar cell module, and the concept and technique of optimizing the condensing characteristic with respect to the irradiation angle of sunlight is insufficient. Furthermore, as a device installed on the roof of a building, there are problems of the inclination of the roof and the irradiation angle, and at the same time, the three-dimensional form of the device is not practical.
Although the details have been described above, it can be seen that many problems remain to be achieved in the conventional technology. The solar module of the present invention is composed of a large number of modules with a large area, so installation ease and serviceability are important in installing this on the roof, etc., and the characteristics of the solar module are In order to improve it, a condensing technique for realizing the external sunlight irradiation with a simple structure must be established.

JP 2004-205062 A JP 2008-216717 A JP 2001-144316 A

The solar heat module is provided with a cooling mechanism on the back of the solar cell and cooled by flowing a propylene glycol aqueous solution or the like as a cooling medium there, collecting heat while cooling the power generation cell of the solar cell, carrying it to the outside of the module, It is used for hot water and heating. The efficiency of converting solar energy into electric power when the solar power generation module generates power is 10 to 15%, and the conversion efficiency to warm heat by collecting heat is 40 to 45%. Accordingly, a conversion efficiency of 50 to 60% can be obtained. In the present invention, in order to increase the conversion efficiency, a condensing plate is provided outside the solar electric heating module to achieve a conversion efficiency of 70% or more per module area, thereby further improving the economic efficiency when using the solar energy utilization system. It is an aim to promote popularization.

In the case of a photovoltaic module, the power generation cell can be cooled to the optimum temperature, so that it is possible to fundamentally avoid the disadvantage that the power generation cell temperature rises due to heat collection like a solar battery and the power generation characteristics deteriorate. This is a technique for improving both power generation characteristics and heat collection characteristics by providing a fixed reflector and condensing it on the upper surface of a flat module by utilizing this.
For this purpose, it is necessary to clarify the technology for maximizing the heat collecting effect with respect to the heat collecting structure and method, the shape of the heat collecting plate, the heat collecting plate material, the heat collecting and module temperature control, and the like.

On the other hand, in the case of a solar cell module that does not have a special cooling function and relies on natural cooling, if the light is collected by the reflector, the temperature of the cell rises, the power generation characteristics deteriorate, and a reflector is added. The concentrated effect is canceled out. In order to prevent this and to exhibit the effect of the reflector 100%, in addition to the above-mentioned various techniques applied in the solar electric heating module, a technique for preventing the temperature rise by the reflector itself and cooling it is necessary.
The above is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Means for solving the above problems will be sequentially described. The inventor expects that a flat-plate solar heating module fixedly installed will become widespread. The cross-sectional details of the typical structure are shown in FIG. The energy conversion efficiency of solar cells alone is too low and requires a large area, making it difficult to achieve economically. In solar water heaters, even if the conversion efficiency is slightly high, the economic value of the output heat is low, and the same KW as the power Compared to energy, it is only about 1/3 of the value of energy, and it is considered that it will not be the main role of a natural energy device. On the other hand, an electric heating module generates power with one module and outputs warm heat, so This is because the total area can be reduced, and as a result, the economic efficiency of the system device is excellent.

On the other hand, the condensing method that has been studied as a method for increasing the output of the solar module can increase the power output per module area, but increases the temperature of the solar cell, so that the cooling device Needed to be installed. Therefore, the present invention originally provides details of a technique for further increasing the energy conversion efficiency of a solar electric heating module having a heat recovery device as a cooling device. In claim 1, in the northern hemisphere, a reflector having a shape extended to the outside of both north and south ends of the solar electric heating module installed to be inclined in the south direction is provided, and sunlight is reflected and condensed on the surface of the module. The method is presented. At this time, the important thing is to install reflectors in both the north and south directions and to set the installation angle. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional shape of a solar electric heating module system in which this reflector is installed.

FIG. 3 shows a solar photovoltaic module array system with a reflector in which a four-stage module array is installed on the rooftop of a flat roof type building near Tokyo at 35 degrees north latitude and is inclined 10 degrees south. FIG. 4 shows the efficiency of conversion from solar energy of the system to electric power and heat, and the average improvement rate is measured or calculated with 1.0 when there is no reflector. As can be seen from the result, there is an optimum angle for the installation angle of the reflector. When the sunlight incident angle becomes narrower than that angle, the conversion efficiency deteriorates rapidly. Moreover, even if the angle of attack is widened, the conversion efficiency is lowered to the state where the reflector is not installed.
Further, it is known that the conversion efficiency improvement rate when the reflector is installed only on one side of the north and south is only about 30% of the improvement degree of FIG. This is because the distribution of the reflected light on the upper surface of the module is not uniform and is affected.

As presented in claim 1, in the present invention, it is suggested to install a reflector in the north-south direction. Although it was considered to install reflectors in the east-west direction and to provide reflectors all around the periphery, it has been found that in the east-west direction, light collection by a fixed-angle reflector does not produce any effect. Direct sunlight is incident from the east-west direction in the morning and evening. Since the unfolded angle is 180 degrees, the angle of attack of the reflecting plate is a reflecting plate opened at 180 degrees. In this case, since the reflected light is not guided to the module surface, it is assumed that the angle of attack is narrower than 180 degrees. In that case, if the angle of attack is reduced to about 90 degrees, the reflected light is guided to the surface of the module, but the scattered light incident from outside the angle will irradiate the back surface of the reflector, on the contrary to the module. This is because the amount of incident incident light decreases.

Therefore, practically, it is assumed that the reflector is installed with the module extended in the north-south direction. This reflecting plate has a substantially flat reflecting surface, and its width needs to be larger than the width of the module. This is because the incident light from the direction tilted east and west is captured by the reflector and guided to the module surface. Next, it is necessary that the reflection characteristics of the reflector are sufficiently high. Applying a gloss treatment to the metal surface by buffing, etc. to increase the reflectivity, and then applying an anti-oxidation transparent paint on it ensures high reflectivity and maintains its properties over a long period of time. It is effective for. As another method, a method of securing a glossy aluminum reflecting surface by depositing aluminum on a flat resin is also effective. At present, technologies such as reflectors for lighting fixtures and reflectors for automobile headlights are used. It is assumed that a reflecting surface with a reflectance of 80% or more is secured.

Next, the technology regarding the installation angle of the reflecting surface becomes important. As seen in FIG. 2, the sunlight side attack angle range (opening angle) of the two reflectors is desirably a wide angle in order to capture more sunlight. However, it is not a good idea to widen the range of angles of attack in order to reflect sunlight captured by the reflector toward the module surface. The evaluation and selection of the optimum value is affected by the latitude (position in the north-south direction on the earth) where the module array system is installed. In summer, the amount of incident light from the vertical direction (directly above the zenith) increases in the sun, and in winter, the amount of incident light from the direction close to the horizontal direction in the south increases in the northern hemisphere. The difference between the direct sunlight direction angle in summer and winter is twice the angle of the solar recurrence line latitude of 23 degrees 26 minutes, that is, about 46.5 degrees.

Therefore, the inventor made the angle of attack (spreading angle) of the two light collecting reflectors 46.5 degrees as a reference, and the central angle was south of the zenith by the latitude where the system was installed (in the southern hemisphere). It was tilted in the wearing direction) and evaluated by calculation. A summary of this is shown in FIG. That is, the energy conversion efficiency calculated based on the module area of the module system when the spread angle of the two non-reflecting plates is set to 46.5 degrees is shown. The calculation condition of this data is that the total area of the module is reduced to 50% and the reflector is installed between the modules so as to be in an optimum state, and the situation is shown in FIG.

It can be seen that when the angle of attack is narrowed by 30 degrees, the conversion efficiency is worse than when there is no reflector, and the effect is almost lost even when the angle of attack is widened by 30 degrees. That is, there exists an optimum state in which the conversion efficiency is maximized in the range of minus 30 degrees to plus 30 degrees. The optimum angle varies depending on the setting of the module area. The closer the module area ratio is to 100%, that is, the closer the reflector area is to zero, the better the narrow angle of attack, and vice versa when using a large reflector. But it is also affected by the installation angle of the module.

Overall, as defined in claim 1, the reflector angle on the north side is the latitude minus 23.3 degrees of the point from the vertical plane (horizontal and perpendicular planes) (that is, 35 degrees minus 23.23 from the vertical plane in Tokyo). 3 degrees = 11.7 degrees tilted south) plus or minus 15 degrees (30 degrees as a range), the reflector angle on the south side is the latitude of the point plus 23.3 degrees from the vertical plane (horizontal and perpendicular planes) (ie In the case of Tokyo, it is desirable to install at an angle between 35 degrees plus 23.3 degrees = 58.3 degrees south of the vertical plane) plus or minus 15 degrees.
Here, if one reflector is used, the selection of the optimum value for the angle to be set increases the influence factors in various ways, making it difficult to set, and increasing the conversion efficiency. Also become limited.
The energy conversion efficiency of the module with the reflector described above is an apparent numerical value obtained by dividing the output energy by the amount of solar energy applied to the module area without the reflector. Therefore, a means for reducing the module area and installing a reflector between the modules is an effective measure for improving the conversion efficiency.

The optimal solution for the ratio of the module area to the reflector area is also very complex. When both areas are the same, the reflectance of the reflector is 80%, the module surface irradiation rate of the reflected light is 70%, the effective rate on the module surface (incident light that does not pass through the reflector and the reflected light from the reflector are If the ratio of the ratio not reflected from the module surface is 70%), the total efficiency is about 40%. In that case, the total conversion efficiency is 1.0 plus 1.0 * 0.4 = 1.4 compared to the case without the reflector. That is, the reflection plate increases the conversion efficiency by 40%. When compared with the same module area, the output will increase by 40%. Assuming that the increase in the investment amount due to the installation of the reflector is 15%, the return on investment is 40 minus 15 = 25%. That is, a gain of 25% is obtained compared to a system without a reflector.

Claim 3 presents a recommended range for the area of the reflector. If the reflector area exceeds 1.4 times the module area, the irradiation rate at which the reflected light hits the module surface will be significantly reduced. If the reflector area is 60% or less of the module area, conversion efficiency will be reduced. The improvement is about 20%, and if the investment amount of about 12% is subtracted, only an improvement effect of 8% or less can be expected. Therefore, it is effective to set the recommended reflector area between 0.6 and 1.4 times the total module area.

In order to make the effect of the reflector more effective, it is practical not to increase the area of the reflector to be installed by reducing the length of the side in the north-south direction of the module. If the reflector is large, the appearance and appearance deteriorate, and the strength and durability exposed to strong winds such as typhoons are also important issues. Therefore, it is practical to secure the required power generation and thermal collection area by making the module in the north-south direction short and extending the east-west dimension accordingly.
Further, in order to effectively guide sunlight incident from the east and west to the module surface in a time zone other than noon, it is practical to make the reflector wider than the east-west width of the module. Claim 2 presents this practical technique.

The main functions required for the reflector are appearance design, light reflection characteristics, strength against typhoons, and reliability. For excellent light reflection characteristics, it is important to use the characteristics of the metal surface, and aluminum, stainless steel, silver, copper, and the like are candidate materials. Aluminum sheet, aluminum vapor deposition resin, SUS sheet, etc. are candidates for cost and manufacturability. Its characteristics are that it is thin and lightweight, but its strength is low. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that it is practical to fold the reflector to form two sides of the triangle and to finish the strength member having a triangular cross section together with the support member and the like. In terms of workability when installing on a roof, etc., and the load-bearing strength of the roof, it is important to configure the reflector in a thin plate shape, and in order to ensure the strength of the reflector of the thin plate structure, a triangular shape It is an extremely practical and rational technique to provide reflective surfaces on the two surfaces.

By increasing the amount of light applied to the module by condensing it with the reflector, the module generates more power and generates more heat. As a result, the temperature of the module including the power generation cell tends to rise.
Since the power generation amount decreases due to the temperature gradient characteristic of the power generation amount of the power generation cell due to the temperature rise, the temperature control of the module is important. It is desirable to control the temperature of the module to change when a high heat temperature is required and when a high power generation amount is required. For example, when emphasizing power generation, controlling the temperature of the module and the cell to about 50 ° C., and controlling the temperature of the heat to about 60 ° C. to increase the temperature of the heat will realize extremely high commerciality as a whole system.

When the module is not a solar electric heating module but a single-function solar cell, the aforementioned control cannot be performed because there is no cooling function. Accordingly, claim 6 presents a technique for directly cooling the cells of the solar battery by the reflector described above. As shown in FIG. 5, the reflecting plate is made of an aluminum plate, and the reflecting surface has a reflecting function. This reflector has a structure that extends to half of the lower surface of the solar battery. Heat is radiated from the radiating fins that are cut and raised, especially to the outside. With this structure, even if the amount of sunlight irradiated to the module by the reflector increases and the amount of power generation increases, the temperature rather decreases. As a result, the power generation amount is further increased.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the reflector extended from the reflector extends to near the middle of the bottom surface of the module, but is separated there. This prevents the thermal expansion strain due to the temperature change of the aluminum plate from being transmitted to the power generation cell and damaged. The module substrate is made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the power generation cell. For example, if the power generation cell is made of crystalline silicon, an iron plate having the smallest expansion coefficient among practical metals is used in accordance with its extremely small expansion coefficient. In order to dissipate heat to the outside air, radiating fins are cut and raised as shown in the figure. For this reason, the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate is affixed to the surface of an aluminum thin plate that has been processed with the high reflection characteristics of another piece.

Claim 7 is a presentation of the technique for the case where the above-described module system is difficult to apply. In particular, it is a case where a large number of modules inclined in the south direction are installed on a flat surface such as a flat ground or a rooftop of a building. . In this case, each module is often installed with the inclination to the south by the latitude angle (for example, 35 degrees in Tokyo). In this case, the modules adjacent to the north and south are often installed at positions far away in winter so that the shadow of the module on the south side does not disturb the irradiation of the module on the north side. In this case, it is practical to use a reflecting plate as a plane connecting the north side of the south module at the high horizontal position and the south side of the north module at the low position. In this case, the entire module and the reflector are configured to be connected in a zigzag manner. In this case, light collection by the reflection plate from the north side of the module located on the south side is eliminated, but the light collection effect by the reflection plate from the south side is great. In other words, the effect will increase in summer.

Fig. 6 shows an example of installation on the roof of a building. As can be seen in this figure, considering the winter conditions, modules connected to the north and south must be installed at regular intervals so that the modules on the north side are not shaded. Therefore, it is reasonable to provide a reflector at this portion. Therefore, the modules connected to the north and south are connected by a single flat reflector.
Claim 8 is an invention for the case of the solar cell installed in the state of claim 7, and is the same as the case of claim 6. There is a cooling effect on the solar cell as shown in FIG. 5, and an effect of increasing the amount of power generation by condensing and increasing the amount of power generation by cooling can be expected.

As can be seen from the above description, the effects of the present invention are as follows.
1. The solar power module system can increase the amount of power generation and the amount of heat collected by condensing light.
2. In the solar cell system, an increase in power generation can be expected by condensing and cooling.
3. Specific guides for the light condensing device can be presented.
4. A light-condensing effect can be expected from a fixed reflector having a flat plate-like structure, and an economic effect far greater than the cost required for installing the reflector can be expected.
5. The temperature of the heat collected by the light collecting effect becomes high, and the heat loss from the outer surface of the module can be reduced by reducing the area of the module, and the effect is enhanced.
6. The economic effect can be enhanced by the above effects, and the practical use and spread of the system can be promoted from the viewpoint of using natural energy.

Cross section of the structure of the solar electric heating module The figure of the system which installed the reflector in the photovoltaic module of the present invention Diagram of a system in which reflectors are installed on multiple photovoltaic modules Effect of reflector mounting angle on solar energy conversion efficiency The figure of the system which installed the reflecting plate in the solar cell module of the present invention Diagram of a system in which a reflector is installed on a photovoltaic module on a flat building rooftop

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

1, 2, 3, and 4 show examples in which a reflector is installed in a solar electric heating module. Since the solar electric heating module 1 is insulated by the air layer below the top glass 2 and the heat insulating layer 8, most of the generated heat is cooled by a propylene glycol aqueous solution which is a cooling medium flowing in the cooling medium copper tube 6. . Therefore, the temperature of the module, that is, the temperature of the power generation cell 4 can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the medium and the circulation amount. Therefore, it is possible to control without increasing the temperature of the power generation cell even if a large amount of sunlight is condensed and the power generation amount and the heat generation amount are increased. In this embodiment, the temperature of the structural substrate 5 is controlled to 57 ° C., and the average temperature of the cooling medium is controlled to 55 ° C. as standard conditions. It is set from the temperature required to use the output heat for hot water supply and heating.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the north-side reflecting plate 102 and the south-side reflecting plate 101 are attached to the outside of the two sides in the north-south direction of the module, and sunlight is reflected there to be condensed on the module 1.
Direct sunlight from the sun, for example, enters Tokyo at 12 o'clock in the spring equinox and autumn equinox from a direction inclined in the horizontal direction 35 degrees south of the zenith (north latitude of Tokyo). In summer, the incident light enters from 35 degrees minus 23.3 degrees (regression line angle), that is, 11.7 degrees south. In winter, the incident light enters from the direction inclined to 35 degrees plus 23.3 degrees, or 58.3 degrees south.

Therefore, before the light is condensed on the module by the reflector, the direct light is prevented from entering the module. For this purpose, in the present embodiment, the reflector 102 is attached with an inclination of 11.7 degrees south. Further, the reflector 101 is attached with an inclination of 58.3 degrees south. The angle of attack in this case is 46.6 degrees (twice 23.3 degrees), which is the standard angle of attack.
The annual solar energy conversion efficiency in this state is a value at the standard angle of attack shown in FIG. 4, which is about 1.4. When the angle of attack is made slightly narrower, the value decreases sharply and becomes worse than the state where there is no reflector (conversion efficiency 1.0). If the angle of attack is widened, the conversion efficiency finally approaches 1.0. The effect of this angle of attack is the accumulation of the effects of changes in the incident angle of sunlight in the morning and evening and in the spring, summer, autumn and winter. The calculation of the effect is extremely complicated and difficult to explain.

    The calculation of the effect varies greatly depending on the installation angle of the photovoltaic module itself. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the module is inclined 10 degrees on the roof of a flat building. In this case, the reflecting plates 101 and 102 are integrally formed aluminum plates having a thickness of 1.0 mm bent at their tips. The surface of the aluminum plate is buffed to improve reflectivity and is covered tightly with a transparent fluorine film for rust prevention. The reflector plate including the module support 106 and the system mount 107 has a triangular shape and is a thin aluminum plate, but has a sufficient strength, for example, a strength that is not problematic even when exposed to a typhoon or the like. .

FIG. 2 shows a single module. In this case, the reflectors 101 and 102 cannot have a large area. This is because it is inferior to the case of FIG. 3 in terms of strength against the typhoon. In this case, rather than simply reducing the size of the reflector, the size of the module in the north-south direction is reduced to make it longer in the east-west direction, or the protruding height of the reflector is suppressed, or a pressing member is provided on the back of the reflector. It is practical to install and configure the cross section to be a triangle as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2, the area of the reflector is designed to be 1.2 times that of the module, and in FIG. In this case, the apparent solar energy conversion efficiency of module 1 is calculated to be 1.48 times in FIG. 2 and 1.64 times in FIG. 3 because about 40% of the area increase rate is added. When the reflector area is 1.0 times or more, this 40% value gradually tends to peak, so the conversion efficiency improvement rate is designed to be about 1.5 times at maximum. Apparent conversion efficiency is the ratio of the actual power generation plus the sum of thermal output (output when there is a reflector) to the directly incident solar energy (that is, input without reflector). . Of course, the size of the reflector has not only conversion efficiency, but also many evaluation factors such as strength reliability, installation, appearance design, and price (including installation costs).

  FIG. 5 shows an example in the case where the module 1 is a solar cell having no cooling function. In this case, the effect is reduced by half even if the light is condensed by the method as in Case 1. In other words, even if the reflector area is the same as the module area, a conversion efficiency of 1.4 times cannot be obtained and becomes about 1.2. This is because the temperature of the solar battery cell 4 rises and the power generation amount decreases due to the temperature dependence of the power generation characteristics. With a conversion efficiency improvement of about 1.2 times, the installation cost of the reflector increases by 15 to 20%, so there is almost no improvement in economic efficiency. In FIG. 5 of Example 2, the substrate of the reflector is an aluminum flat plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm, and a reflective aluminum vapor deposition film is pasted on the surface thereof. Furthermore, the aluminum plate of the substrate is extended to the back surface of the solar cell so as to cover the back surface of the back sheet 104 that becomes the substrate of the solar cell, and is bonded to the back sheet. Furthermore, the aluminum substrate is cut and raised as shown in the figure by providing a number of cut-off portions as shown in the figure. This cut-off portion promotes heat dissipation to the outside air as a heat radiating fin, and the back sheet and further the solar battery cell 4 are cooled by heat transfer in the aluminum substrate.

The reflectors 101 and 102 are slightly different in shape and function from those of the first embodiment, but are intended to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the module by condensing with the reflection function, and the reflection that forms the basis of the present invention. The basic structure of the board is the same in that it is based on the same technology. However, the solar cell electric heating module has an effect on both electric power and heat, has a high practical effect, and is superior in execution because it does not need to have a cooling function.

FIG. 6 shows a structure in which a large number of modules are installed on the rooftop of a building, which is a flat installation surface, inclined 35 degrees southward, and the modules adjacent to the north and south are connected by a single flat reflector. This is because even if the installation surface is flat, if the inclination angle of the module is increased to 35 degrees, a separate reflector is installed on the north side of the module as described above, and the module is attached to the north side. The tip of the reflector plate is at a high position, and as a result, the area of the reflector plate tends to increase with respect to the module area as a result, all of which do not lead to improvement in energy conversion efficiency, and the tip position is high, which causes various problems. Provoke. For example, it is difficult to ensure strength against typhoons, and wind noise is generated at the tip.

The same applies when the module is a solar cell in this case. The same mechanism as in FIG. 5 is attached to the north and south ends of the reflector so as to cover the back of the solar cell 20 and cool the cells as in FIG. As a result, it can be seen that a triangle including the reflector 102 and the module 20 is formed, and the structure is stable.

The technology according to the above invention is a fundamental technology that is extremely important and necessary for disseminating a system that converts solar energy required by humanity into energy that can be used on the ground.
Practical use of this,
1. Reduced module area reduces costs and facilitates installation on the roofs of all buildings, contributing to the spread of equipment.
2. It can meet the energy demands of many industrial and industrial use, such as supporting the energy infrastructure of primary industries that will be needed in the future, such as vegetable factories.
3. The device system is a relatively simple structural method, and many companies can easily enter, contributing to the spread of the device.
4. In the future, there is a high possibility that it can be developed to constitute one industry as a system device indispensable for housing, stores, agriculture and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photovoltaic module 2 Upper surface cover glass 3 Cell upper surface cover film 4 Power generation cell 5 Structure board 6 Copper tube for cooling medium 7 Piping cover 8 Thermal insulation layer 10 Cooling piping 11 Cooling medium flow path 20 Solar cell module 50 Summer direct sunlight 51 Winter direct sunlight 100 Roof 101 South side light reflector 102 North side light reflector 103 Cut and raised fin 106 Module support 107 System mount

Claims (8)

A rectangular flat solar power module that receives sunlight and outputs power and heat by using it on the top surface is installed in a fixed state by tilting it horizontally or south, and extends outward from the north and south sides, respectively. In the reflected light utilization type solar electric heating module system in which two light reflectors are installed at the position,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is a flat plate and is made of a metal surface or a resin plate covered with a transparent surface treatment layer having excellent light reflection characteristics, and is installed on one side of the north side of the solar electric heating module. The light reflector has a surface angle inclined from the vertical angle to the south by an angle minus 23.3 degrees from the north latitude of the point, that is, a summer noon sunlight angle or 15 Install the light reflector at an angle in the range of degrees, and tilt the surface of the light reflector installed on one side of the south side from the angle of the vertical plane to the south by an angle that is 23.3 degrees plus north latitude and latitude of the point. The reflected-light-use type solar module system, which is installed at an angle of about 15 degrees before or after that angle, that is, a noon sunlight angle in winter. A solar power module with a rectangular plate with a long side in the east and west that uses sunlight to output power and heat by receiving sunlight on the top surface is installed in a fixed state by tilting horizontally or south. In the reflected light utilization type solar module system in which two light reflectors having a width larger than the east-west width of the solar photovoltaic module in the previous period are installed at positions extended from the north and south sides to the outside,
The light reflecting plate is made of a metal surface or a resin plate covered with a transparent surface treatment layer or a metal surface having a flat plate surface and excellent light reflection characteristics, and the light reflecting plate installed on one side of the north side The angle of the surface is inclined from the vertical angle to the south by an angle minus 23.3 degrees from the north latitude of the point, that is, in the summer noon sunlight angle or in the range of 15 degrees around it. The light reflector installed on one side of the south side is inclined to the south by an angle that is 23.3 degrees plus the north latitude and latitude of the surface from the angle of the vertical plane, that is, in the winter season. A reflected light utilization type solar module system characterized by being installed at a noon sunlight angle or an angle in the range of 15 degrees before and after that. A plurality of square plate-like solar power modules that receive sunlight and output power and heat by using it on the top surface are installed in a fixed state by tilting horizontally or southward, respectively. In the reflected light utilization type solar electric heating module system in which two light reflectors are installed at the extended position,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is a flat plate-shaped metal surface or a metal plate or resin plate covered with a transparent surface treatment layer, which is excellent in light reflecting characteristics, and is installed on one side of the solar heating module. The angle of the surface of the light reflector is tilted to the south by an angle minus 23.3 degrees from the north latitude at the point from the vertical angle, that is, the noon sunlight angle in summer or 15 Installed at an angle in the range of degrees, the light reflector installed on one side of the south is inclined to the south by an angle that is 23.3 degrees plus the north latitude latitude of the point from the angle of the vertical plane of the light reflector The solar light angle at noon in winter or 15 degrees before and after that, and the total area of the two light reflectors is 0.6 with respect to the area of the solar heating module. Installed to be ~ 1.4 times, and south Reflected light utilizing photovoltaic module system characterized by being configured integrally as they are continuous with the light reflection plate tip between the plurality of reflected light utilize solar electric module adjacent. The reflecting surface of the light reflecting plate is a high-luminance aluminum or stainless steel metal surface, and the light reflecting plate has a substantially triangular cross section when viewed from the east-west direction. The reflected light utilization type solar module system described in any one of the above. The temperature of the power generation cell of the solar electric heating module is different from at least two kinds of cases when the temperature of the cell or the cooling body configured to cool the cell is measured and when the power generation is emphasized and when the temperature is important. The reflected light utilizing solar module system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the cooling characteristics of the cooling body are controlled so as to be controlled by temperature. A solar cell module that outputs only electric power is used instead of the solar electric heating module, the two light reflecting plates are formed of an aluminum flat plate, and the light reflecting plate is extended to the back surface of the solar cell module. Or it was made to be a condensing plate for the solar cell module and at the same time a cooling device by attaching it so as to be in a heat transfer relationship with a metal flat plate on which the power generation cells of the solar cell module are arranged. The reflected light utilization type solar module system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. On the flat surface or the upper surface of a building, the solar panel receives a solar light and outputs electric power and heat to use it. Reflected light that is installed in a fixed state tilted only in the south direction, and has one flat light reflector with both sides of the adjacent north and south sides of the two solar electric modules adjacent to the north and south. In the utilization type solar electric heating module system,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is a flat metal plate or a metal plate or resin plate covered with a transparent surface treatment layer having excellent light reflecting characteristics, and the light reflecting plate has a vertical angle with respect to the surface. Is installed at an angle of 23.3 degrees from the north latitude latitude of the point, that is, a solar irradiation angle at noon in winter or a range of 15 degrees before and after that, and the area of the photovoltaic module On the other hand, the reflected light utilization type solar module system is characterized in that the area of the light reflecting plate is set to be 0.8 to 1.4 times. Instead of the solar electric heating module, a solar cell module that outputs only electric power is used, the light reflecting plate is formed of an aluminum flat plate, and the light reflecting plate is extended to the back surface of the solar cell module. It is configured to be a condensing plate to the solar cell module and at the same time a cooling device by attaching it so as to be in a heat transfer relationship with a metal flat plate that becomes a substrate on which the power generation cells of the battery module are arranged. The reflected light utilization type solar module system according to claim 7.