JP2009078685A - Lower part structure of vehicle body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lower part structure of a vehicle body capable of preventing a side sill from being twisted due to falling-down of B pillar when a vehicle collides on its side. <P>SOLUTION: This lower part structure of the vehicle body includes the side sill 4 connected with a lower end part of B pillar 10, a floor panel 6 connected with the side sill, a floor swelling part 2 extended in the forward and backward directions of the vehicle body in a central part in the direction of vehicle width of the floor panel, floor swelling part side pedestal parts 41, 42 and side sill side pedestal parts 20, 40 provided in the floor swelling part and an inward part in the direction of vehicle width of the side sill, respectively, to fix and support right and left leg parts 44, 46 of a seat device 14 on/at positions being higher than the floor panel, respectively, and a seat leg connecting member 48 extended in the direction of vehicle width to connect the right and left leg parts of the seat device mutually. Lower parts of the side sill side pedestal parts are connected with the floor panel, and their outward parts in the direction of vehicle width are connected with the inward part in the direction of vehicle width of the side sill. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle body lower structure, and in particular, a side sill to which a lower end portion of a B pillar is coupled, a floor panel to which a side edge portion is coupled to the side sill, and a vehicle body longitudinal direction at a vehicle width direction center portion of the floor panel. The present invention relates to a lower body structure having a floor bulging portion that extends.

Conventionally, at the time of a side collision when another vehicle collides with the side of the vehicle, the B pillar is folded inward to twist the side sill, the floor panel is turned up, and further, the B pillar is bent into a dogleg shape and protrudes toward the passenger compartment There was a problem. In order to solve such a problem, conventionally, the B-pillar is reinforced based on the fact that other vehicles often collide with the B-pillar above the side sill. Alternatively, a cross member extending in the vehicle width direction that also serves as a seat support portion is provided on the floor panel inside the side sill near the base portion of the B pillar so as to receive the side impact load.
Moreover, according to the vehicle of patent document 1, providing the box-shaped member (11B) couple | bonded with the side sill so that a front seat seat rail leg part may be mounted is disclosed, and according to this structure. It is considered that the side sill can be reinforced to support the side impact load.

EP1382514B1 publication

  However, the CAE analysis of the present inventors has revealed that the method of providing a cross member on the floor panel inside the side sill near the base of the B pillar cannot take a large side impact load. Furthermore, it has become clear that the provision of the box-like member (11B) coupled to the side sill does not sufficiently support the side impact load, and the side sill is twisted. Therefore, conventionally, there has been a problem that the B-pillar protrudes toward the passenger compartment and may damage the passenger.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and provides a vehicle body lower structure that can suppress the twisting of the side sill caused by the collapse of the B pillar at the time of a side collision. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a side sill that is coupled with a lower end portion of a B pillar and extends in a vehicle body front-rear direction and a side edge portion of the side sill on an inner side portion in the vehicle width direction. Is a vehicle body lower structure having a floor panel that is coupled to the floor panel and a floor bulging portion that bulges upward in the vehicle width direction center portion of the floor panel and extends in the vehicle body longitudinal direction. A floor bulge portion side pedestal portion and a side sill side pedestal portion respectively provided on the floor bulge portion and the side sill side in the vehicle width direction so as to be fixedly supported at positions higher than the floor panel, and in the vehicle width direction A seat leg connecting member that extends and connects the left and right leg portions of the seat device to each other. The side sill side pedestal portion has a lower portion coupled to the floor panel, and an outer portion in the vehicle width direction is a vehicle width of the side sill. Direction It is characterized by being coupled to the inner part.

  In the present invention configured as described above, in the case of a side collision, the side collision load applied to the B pillar is received by the side sill side pedestal portion attached to the side sill and the seat leg connecting member disposed at a position higher than the floor panel, and Can be received at the floor bulge. In the conventional structure, at the time of a side collision, the B pillar falls inward, and as a result, the side sill is twisted by the B pillar. Then, the floor panel in the vicinity of the B pillar was deformed so as to be turned up, and subsequently, the vehicle body was deformed so that the side sill was deformed so as to be bent inward and bite into the vehicle interior. In such a case, conventionally, only the cross member that connects the side sill and the floor bulging portion can receive the load at the time of a side collision. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the side sill side pedestal is coupled to the side sill, it is possible to suppress the internal fall of the B pillar and the side sill twist during a side collision. The seat leg connecting member becomes a load transmitting member, and the load can be received even at the floor bulging portion.

In the present invention, preferably, the side sill side pedestal portion is coupled to both the inner side portion of the side sill in the vehicle width direction and the floor panel in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the B pillar to form a closed cross section with a predetermined length. The box portion is formed as a box portion extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body and closed at the front end portion and the rear end portion thereof.
In the present invention configured as described above, torsional deformation of the side sill can be suppressed in a wide range in the front-rear direction by the box part at the time of a side collision, and deformation of the box part can also be suppressed by the seat leg connecting member.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the seat leg connecting member further includes a cross member that extends and connects the front portion of the box portion and the floor bulging portion in the vehicle width direction. Extending in the vehicle width direction and connecting the projecting part.
In this invention comprised in this way, since a box part is supported by both the front part and the rear part, a deformation | transformation of a box part and a side sill can be suppressed more effectively.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the leg portion of the seat device has a rail portion that supports the seat body slidably on the left and right sides, and the seat leg connecting member connects the left and right rail portions to each other. The seat leg connecting member is bent so that the distance from the floor panel at the center is larger than the distance from the floor panels at the left and right ends.
In the present invention configured as described above, it is possible to secure the foot seat occupant to the lower part of the front seat while effectively suppressing the deformation of the box portion and the side sill with the seat leg connecting member.

  According to the present invention, the twisting of the side sill caused by the collapse of the B pillar at the time of a side collision can be suppressed.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the structure of the vehicle body lower part structure by embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a lower body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the lower body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front and obliquely above. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle body lower structure according to the embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the rear and obliquely upward.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle body 1 bulges upward at the center in the vehicle width direction and extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction by forming a floor tunnel 2 extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction and a closed cross section at the vehicle side. It has a side sill 4, a floor panel 6 that extends in a plane between the side sill 4 and the floor tunnel 2, and a floor kick-up portion 8 that is coupled to the front of the floor panel 6 and extends obliquely upward.

The floor panel 6 is made of a steel plate integrally formed with the floor tunnel 2, and the outer side edge portion thereof is coupled to the side sill 4.
In addition, the vehicle body 1 has a B pillar 10 that extends in the vertical direction of the vehicle body at a side portion of the vehicle body and that has a lower end portion coupled to the side sill 4. Further, on the front side of the B pillar 10, there is an A pillar 11 that extends in the vicinity of the boundary between the floor panel 6 and the floor kick-up portion 8 and obliquely upward from the front end portion of the side sill 4.

2 and 3, the side sill 4 includes a side sill outer panel 4a, a side sill inner panel 4b, and a side sill reinforcement 4c. The side sill outer panel 4a and the side sill inner panel 4b have a closed cross section. Is formed.
The B pillar 10 includes a B pillar outer panel 10a and a B pillar inner panel 10b, and a closed cross section is formed by the B pillar outer panel 10a and the B pillar inner panel 10b.

As shown in FIG. 2, a floor frame (B frame) 12 that is a reinforcing member having a hat-shaped cross section that is open upward from the bottom of the vehicle body is coupled to the lower portion of the floor panel 6. 12 extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the floor tunnel 2 bulges upward toward the vehicle body and is reinforced by a tunnel reinforcement 2a (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
A front seat 14 is disposed between the floor tunnel 2 and the side sill.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a box portion 20 is provided in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the B pillar 10. The box portion 20 forms a closed section and extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body with a predetermined length. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the box portion 20 is a member having an L-shaped cross section, and the folded piece 20 a on one side edge portion of the L shape is a vehicle width of the side sill inner panel 4 b of the side sill 4. The folded piece 20b on the other side edge of the L shape is coupled to the floor panel 6 and is coupled to the inner portion in the direction. A closed cross section is formed by the L-shaped portion of the box portion 20, the side sill 4, and the floor panel 6, which are coupled as described above (see FIG. 4).
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the box portion 20 corresponds to the upper surface portion 21 extending in a plane corresponding to one side having an L-shaped cross section and the other side corresponding to one side having an L-shaped cross section. And a side surface portion 22 extending in a planar shape.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the box portion 20 is closed at the front end portion with a continuous plate-like member of the same box portion 20, and constitutes a front surface portion 23. The front surface portion 23 is coupled to the side sill 4 and the floor panel 6 by folded pieces 20c and 20d. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the rear end portion is closed by a continuous plate-like member of the same box portion 20, and constitutes the rear surface portion 24. The rear surface portion 24 is coupled to the side sill 4 and the floor panel 6 by folded pieces 20e and 20f.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, No. 2 extends in the vehicle width direction between the front end portion of the box portion 20 and the floor tunnel 2. Two cross members 30 are provided. This No. The two cross members 30 are formed by joining members having a U-shaped cross section from above the floor panel 6 to form a closed cross section. The outer end portion in the vehicle width direction is mainly coupled to the side surface portion 22 of the box portion 20 by a flange piece 30a. Further, the inner end in the vehicle width direction is similarly coupled to the floor tunnel 2 by the flange piece 30b. Such no. The effect of suppressing the twisting of the side sill 4 can be obtained by the two cross members 30 and the box portion 20.

Here, no. 2 The outer end of the cross member 30 in the vehicle width direction is directly coupled to the side sill 4, and the front end of the box portion 20 is Although it may be structured to be coupled to the rear surface portion of the two cross members 30, as in this embodiment, No. 2 is used. 2 When the outer end of the cross member 30 in the vehicle width direction is coupled to the side surface portion 22 of the box portion 20, the box portion 20 is at least No.1. Since the front and rear widths of the two cross members 30 can be formed long forward, the effect of suppressing the twisting of the side sill 4 can be increased accordingly.
No. A member having a U-shaped cross section is coupled to the rear of the cross member 30 from above the floor panel 6 to form a closed cross section. Three cross members 32 are provided.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a side sill side seat rail bracket 40 is provided at the rear end portion of the box portion 20. Corresponding to the side sill side seat rail bracket 40, a floor tunnel side seat rail pedestal portion 41 and a floor tunnel side seat rail bracket 42 are provided at the same position in the vehicle longitudinal direction inside the vehicle width direction. .

  As shown in FIGS. The front end portion of the vehicle outer seat rail 44, which is the vehicle outer leg portion of the seat 14, has a No. 2 cross member 30. 2 The cross member 30 is fixed to the outer end in the vehicle width direction. In addition, the front end portion of the vehicle inner seat rail 46 which is the leg portion on the vehicle inner side of the seat 14 is the No. 2 It is fixed to the inner end of the cross member 30 in the vehicle width direction.

  The rear end portion of the vehicle exterior seat rail 44 is fixed to the side sill side seat rail bracket 40. The rear end portion of the vehicle interior seat rail 46 is fixed to the floor tunnel side seat rail bracket 42. The rear ends of the seat rails 44 and 46 are connected in the vehicle width direction by a connecting pipe 48. The front end of each seat rail 44, 46 is No. The two cross members 30 are connected in the vehicle width direction. By such a connecting pipe 48 and the box part 20, the effect which suppresses the twist of the side sill 4 can be acquired.

Here, the configuration of each seat rail bracket 40, 42 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a partially sectional rear view of the vehicle body lower structure according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from the rear of the vehicle body, and FIG. 5 is a side sill side seat rail bracket, vehicle exterior seat rail, and connecting pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view showing the side sill side seat rail bracket.
First, as shown in FIG. 4, the floor tunnel side seat rail bracket 42 is provided on the side of the floor tunnel 2, the seat bracket 42 is located above the floor panel 6, and the L-shaped member is the floor tunnel 2. Are fixed to the upper surface of the floor tunnel side seat rail pedestal 41 that forms a closed cross section. A rear end portion of the vehicle interior seat rail 46 is fixed on the pedestal portion 41 via a bracket 42.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the side sill-side seat rail bracket 40 is fixed to the upper surface of the rear end portion of the box portion 20 serving as a pedestal portion of the side sill-side seat rail 44. The flange portion 40a extends toward the inside in the vehicle width direction. The flange portion 40a is located above the floor panel 6. The rear end portion of the vehicle exterior seat rail 44 is fixed above the flange portion 40a by rivets or bolts and nuts (not shown). As shown in FIG. 6, the side sill-side seat rail bracket 40 is a reinforcing member from above that has a portion composed of a U-shaped section 40b and a flange portion 40a that are open upward. A U-shaped member 40c is joined and reinforced.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the seat rails 44 and 46 are configured by upper rails (upper sliders) 44 a and 46 b and lower rails 44 b and 46 b, respectively. The connecting pipes described above are respectively connected to the inner side surface at the rear end portion of the lower rail 44b of the outer seat rail 44 and the outer side surface at the rear end portion of the lower rail 46b of the inner seat rail 46. 48 are connected by arc welding. As described above, the rear end portion of the box portion 20 and the floor tunnel 2 are connected in the vehicle width direction via the brackets 40 and 42 and the seat rails 44 and 46.

  Further, as can be seen in FIG. 1, the connecting pipe 48 is bent forward in the vehicle width direction center portion, and as shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle width direction center portion is bent upward. ing. In this way, the occupant's feet in the rear seat (not shown) can be easily placed under the front seat 14. In addition, the vehicle width direction center part of the connection pipe 48 may be either bent forward or bent upward.

Next, the function and effect of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the B pillar 10, the side sill 4 is coupled to both the inner portion in the vehicle width direction and the floor panel 6 so as to form a closed cross section and to have a predetermined length in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. A box portion 20 is provided which extends and whose front end portion and rear end portion are closed. And it is connected to the upper surface part of the floor panel 6 and extends in the vehicle width direction so as to connect the front end part of the box part 20 and the floor tunnel (floor bulging part) 2. Two cross members 30 and a connecting pipe 48 extending in the vehicle width direction so as to connect the rear end portion of the box portion 20 and the floor tunnel 2 are provided.

  According to such a configuration, the side impact load applied to the B pillar 10 at the time of a side impact is received by the box portion 20 attached to the side sill 4, and the load applied to the box portion 20 is No. It can be received by the floor tunnel 2 via the two cross members 30 and the connecting pipe 48.

  Here, the deformation of the vehicle body at the time of a side collision according to the conventional structure will be described. First, at the time of a side collision, the B pillar 10 falls inward, and accordingly, the side sill 4 is twisted by the B pillar 10. The floor panel 6 in the vicinity of the B-pillar 10 is deformed so that it can be turned up, and then the vehicle body is deformed so that the side sill 4 is folded inward and bites into the vehicle interior. It has become clear. In such a case, conventionally, only a cross member connecting the side sill 4 and the floor tunnel 2 can receive a load at the time of a side collision.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, since the box portion 20 is coupled to the side sill 4, it is possible to suppress the internal fall of the B pillar 10 and the twist of the side sill 4 at the time of a side collision. In addition, No. The two cross members 30 and the connecting pipe 48 can be dispersed. That is, no. The two cross members 30 and the connecting pipe 48 serve as load transmission members, and the load can be received by the floor tunnel 2.

Next, the box portion 20 has an outer edge portion in the vehicle width direction extending downward from an upper surface portion 21 coupled to the side sill inner panel 4b of the side sill 4 and an inner edge portion in the vehicle width direction of the upper surface portion 21. The lower edge portion has a side surface portion 22 coupled to the floor panel 6, and The two cross members 30 (first load transmission members) have a cross-sectional hat-like member coupled to the upper surface portion of the floor panel 6 to form a closed cross section extending in the vehicle width direction, and an outer end portion in the vehicle width direction is a box. It is coupled to the side part 22 of the part 20.
On the other hand, in the past, no. The two cross members were directly bonded to the side sills. On the other hand, according to the embodiment of the present invention, no. The outer end of the cross member 30 in the vehicle width direction is coupled to the box portion 20. Thereby, at the time of a side collision, the box part 20 and No. The two cross members 30 can cooperate to suppress the twisting of the side sill 4.

Next, the left and right seat rails (leg portions) 44 of the front seat 14 are attached to the upper surface portion 21 of the box portion 20, and the other left and right seat rails (legs) of the front seat 14 are attached to the floor tunnel 2. Part) 46 is attached, and a connecting pipe 48 (second load transmission member), which is a tubular member, connects the left and right seat rails (leg parts) 44, 46 of the front seat 14 to each other.
According to such a configuration, the connection pipe 48 that functions as a load transmission member or a cross member can be provided at a high position above the floor panel 6 by using the seat rails 44 and 46. According to such a connecting pipe 48, it is possible to suppress torsional deformation of the box portion 20 at the time of a side collision. In addition, a member having a U-shaped cross section is not coupled to the upper side of the floor panel 6 to provide a cross member, but the seat rails 44 and 46 and the connecting pipe 48 receive the load applied to the box portion 20 and suppress deformation thereof. I can do it. And since the connection pipe 48 is bent so that the center part in the vehicle width direction is directed upward and forward, it is possible to secure the footability of the rear seat passenger to the lower part of the front seat.

  Next, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the floor provided in the floor tunnel 2 so as to fix and support the left and right seat rails (leg portions) 44 and 46 of the front seat 14 at positions higher than the floor pan 6 respectively. Tunnel side seat rail pedestal portion 41 and floor tunnel side seat rail bracket 42, box portion 20 (side sill side pedestal portion) and side sill side seat rail bracket 40 provided on the inner side in the vehicle width direction of side sill 4, vehicle width A connecting pipe (seat leg connecting member) 48 that extends in the direction and connects the left and right leg portions 44 and 46 of the front seat 14 to each other, and the box portion (side sill side pedestal portion) 20 has a lower portion on the floor. It is coupled to the panel 6, and the outer portion in the vehicle width direction is coupled to the inner portion in the vehicle width direction of the side sill 4.

According to such a structure, at the time of a side collision, the side impact load applied to the B pillar 10 is connected to the box part (side sill side pedestal part) 20 attached to the side sill 4 and the connecting pipe ( Sheet leg connecting member) 48, and the load applied to the box portion 20 is No. It can be received by the floor tunnel 2 via the two cross members 30 and the connecting pipe 48.
Further, since the U-shaped section 40b of the seat rail bracket 40 fills the space between the side sill inner panel 40b and the outside of the seat rail 44, the side impact load is effectively transmitted via the U-shaped section 40b. It can be transmitted to the connecting pipe 48.

  And since the box part (side sill side base part) 20 which supports the seat rail 44 is couple | bonded with the side sill 4, the internal fall of the B pillar 10 at the time of a side collision and the twist of the side sill 4 can be suppressed. Furthermore, the collision load at the time of a side collision can be distributed to the connection pipe 48. That is, the connecting pipe 48 serves as a load transmission member, and the load can be received by the floor tunnel 2.

Next, the box portion 20 serving as the side sill side pedestal portion is coupled to both the vehicle width direction inner side portion of the side sill 4 and the floor panel 6 in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the B pillar 10 to form a closed cross section and to have a predetermined length. The front and rear ends of the vehicle body are closed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
Therefore, torsional deformation of the side sill 4 at the time of a side collision can be suppressed in a wide range by the box portion 20 in the front-rear direction, and deformation of the box portion 20 can also be suppressed by the connecting pipe 48.

  Next, No. 2 is connected to the front portion of the box portion 20 and the floor tunnel 2 extending in the vehicle width direction. 2 The cross member 30 is provided, and the connecting pipe (seat leg connecting member) 48 extends and connects the rear part of the box part 20 and the floor tunnel 2 in the vehicle width direction, so that the box part 20 has a front end part and a rear end part. Therefore, the deformation of the box portion 20 and the side sill 4 can be more effectively suppressed.

  Next, the seat rails (leg portions) 44 and 46 of the front seat 14 slidably support the seat body, and the connecting pipe (seat leg connecting member) 48 connects the left and right seat rails 44 and 46 to each other. The connecting pipe 48 is bent so that the distance from the floor panel 6 at the center is larger than the distance from the floor panels 6 at both left and right ends. Accordingly, it is possible to secure the footability of the rear seat passenger to the lower part of the front seat while effectively suppressing the deformation of the box portion 20 and the side sill 4 by the connection pipe (seat leg connection member) 48.

It is the top view which looked at the vehicle body lower part structure by embodiment of this invention from upper direction. It is the perspective view which looked at the vehicle body lower part structure by embodiment of this invention from the front and diagonally upward. It is the perspective view which looked at the vehicle body lower part structure by embodiment of this invention from back and diagonally upward. It is the partial cross section rear view which looked at the vehicle body lower part structure by embodiment of this invention from the vehicle body back. It is a perspective view showing composition of a side sill side seat rail bracket, a car outside seat rail, and a connection pipe by an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which expands and shows a side sill side seat rail bracket.

Explanation of symbols

2 Floor tunnel 4 Side sill 6 Floor panel 10 B pillar 14 Front seat 20 Box part 21 Box part upper surface part 22 Box part side part 30 2 Cross member 40 Side sill side seat rail bracket 41 Floor tunnel side seat rail pedestal portion 42 Floor tunnel side seat rail bracket 44 Vehicle exterior seat rail 46 Vehicle interior seat rail 48 Connection pipe

Claims (4)

A B pillar, a side sill in which the lower end portion of the B pillar is coupled and the side portion of the vehicle body extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, a floor panel having a side edge portion coupled to an inner side portion in the vehicle width direction of the side sill, A vehicle body lower structure having a floor bulge portion that bulges upward in the vehicle width direction center portion of the floor panel and extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction,
A floor bulge portion side pedestal portion provided on each of the floor bulge portion and an inner portion in the vehicle width direction of the side sill so as to fix and support the left and right leg portions of the seat device at a position higher than the floor panel; Side sill side pedestal,
A seat leg connecting member that extends in the vehicle width direction and connects the left and right leg portions of the seat device to each other;
The vehicle body lower structure, wherein the side sill side pedestal portion has a lower portion coupled to the floor panel and an outer portion in the vehicle width direction coupled to an inner portion in the vehicle width direction of the side sill.   The side sill side pedestal portion is connected to both the vehicle width direction inner side portion of the side sill and the floor panel in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the B pillar to form a closed cross section, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body with a predetermined length. The vehicle body lower structure according to claim 1, wherein the lower body structure is formed as a box portion whose front end portion and rear end portion are closed. Furthermore, it has a cross member that extends and connects the front portion of the box portion and the floor bulge portion in the vehicle width direction,
The vehicle body lower part structure according to claim 2, wherein the seat leg connecting member extends and connects the rear portion of the box portion and the floor bulging portion in the vehicle width direction. The leg portion of the seat device has rail portions on both the left and right sides that slidably support the seat body,
The seat leg connecting member connects the left and right rail portions to each other, and the seat leg connecting member is bent so that the distance between the center portion and the floor panel is greater than the distance between the left and right end floor panels. The vehicle body lower part structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower body structure is larger.

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