JP2009065850A - Hill seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hill seeder capable of accurately carrying out high-speed hill seeding. <P>SOLUTION: The hill seeder is equipped with a nearly cylindrical drum 2 facing to a seed discharging part 51 of a hopper 5 for housing vegetable seeds 8 and rotatably arranged with a stator 3 as the center. Attraction holes 20 are bored at a prescribed interval on the lateral face 25 of the drum 2 and the interior of the drum 2 is kept under a negative pressure to attract the seeds 8 in the hopper 5 to the attraction holes 20. After rotating the drum 20 and transporting the seeds 8, a positive pressure is applied to the attraction holes 20 arriving at a seed releasing part 6 to release the seeds 8 from the attraction holes 20 to a sowing surface 9. In the hill seeder 1, an accumulator 4 is installed in the interior 22 of the drum 2 and pressurization is carried out from air releasing ports 41 of the accumulator 4 toward the attraction holes 20 of the seed releasing part 6. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is a kind of sowing device used for sowing work, and relates to a point sowing machine that continuously repeats an operation of releasing a certain number of seeds collectively in one place.

  In recent years, in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry, especially in paddy field farming and field farming, it is required to reduce production costs. Moreover, it is expected that production of feed and biomass for ethanol will be expanded in the future, and further cost reduction is required.

  Under such circumstances, improving the accuracy and speeding up of sowing work contributes to the reduction of seed costs and the reduction of labor costs and fuel costs.

  Conventionally, various seed sowing machines that have excellent lodging resistance and can be expected to improve yield are used for direct sowing machines such as rice.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 to 4 each disclose a seeding device that transports an adsorbed seed to a predetermined position and drops the seed by its own weight.

  In addition, a shotgun type seeding machine has been put to practical use as a multiple grain seeding machine that increases the working speed by a method of launching rice straw.

  In Patent Documents 5 and 6, the inside of a cylindrical rotor is divided into a positive pressure part and a negative pressure part, seeds are adsorbed in the suction holes of the negative pressure part, and seeds adsorbed in the suction holes in the positive pressure part are released. A sowing device is disclosed.

  Patent Document 7 discloses a seeder having means for bringing the inner peripheral surface of the rotor and the outer peripheral surface of the stator into close contact with each other.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-105410 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-33408 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-210810 JP 2005-333895 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-145411 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-167110 JP 2005-13129 A

  However, when the seeds are dropped by gravity as in the seeding devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, if the seeding device is moved at a high speed, a difference occurs in the contact time of the falling seeds. Therefore, the seed after grounding extends relatively long in the advancing direction of the sowing device, so that it becomes a strip sowing that is sown in a linear manner, not a spot sowing that is sown in a dotted manner. Therefore, it has been difficult to increase the work speed.

  In general, the cross section inside the rotor is often not a perfect circle, and is worn and distorted over time. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to rotate the rotor in a state in which the positive pressure part and the negative pressure part are partitioned in an airtight state as in the seeding devices disclosed in Patent Documents 5 and 6. Therefore, the adsorption and release of seeds cannot be sufficiently controlled.

  Furthermore, when the nozzle provided in the rotor hits the seed in the hopper strongly, the seeder disclosed in Patent Document 7 is not suitable for increasing the speed of the seeder because the seed is hardly adsorbed by the nozzle.

  In any of the sowing apparatuses, the maximum working speed is conventionally about 0.8 m / second, which is significantly slower than the maximum working speed of about 1.5 m / second for the transplanting type rice transplanter. .

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a point seeder capable of spotting at high speed and accurately.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is directed to a seed discharge part of a hopper that accommodates plant seeds, and a substantially cylindrical drum is rotatably disposed around a stator, and a predetermined side is provided on a side surface of the drum. Adsorption holes are formed at intervals, the inside of the drum is negatively adsorbed, the seeds in the hopper are adsorbed to the adsorption holes, the drum is rotated, the seeds are conveyed, and then the seed discharge unit is reached. In the point seeder that discharges the seed from the adsorption hole to the sowing surface by applying a positive pressure to the adsorption hole, an accumulator is provided inside the drum, and the air discharge port of the accumulator is directed toward the adsorption hole of the seed discharge unit. A point seeder characterized in that it is pressurized. By providing the accumulator, the seed can be discharged by concentrating only on the adsorption hole of the seed discharge portion while keeping the entire inside of the drum at a negative pressure.

  It is preferable that the accumulator is disposed in the vicinity of the seed discharge part. Thereby, since it can pressurize from just before a seed discharge | release part, pressurized air can be utilized efficiently. Furthermore, it is preferable that the air discharge port of the accumulator is directed in a direction having a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation direction of the drum with respect to a straight line connecting the rotation center of the drum and the center of the accumulator. Thereby, seeds can be released at a predetermined angle.

  The accumulator is preferably connected to the stator by an elastic body so that the air discharge port is pressed against the inner wall of the drum with a predetermined pressure. Accordingly, when the cross-sectional shape of the drum is not a perfect circle due to manufacturing or wear, the elastic body absorbs the dimensional error. Accordingly, the air discharge port is always brought into close contact with the inner wall of the drum to prevent the air in the accumulator from leaking into the drum. Furthermore, it is preferable that the accumulator is rotatable around a position different from the rotation center of the drum. By rotating the accumulator as necessary, if the cross-sectional shape of the drum is not a perfect circle, especially if the error cannot be absorbed by the elastic body alone, the position of the air outlet is adjusted and the drum is in close contact with the inner wall. Can be made.

  Further, the center axis of the suction hole is inclined with respect to the direction perpendicular to the center axis of the drum in the front direction of the drum, and the tip of the suction hole is the seeding surface in the seed discharge part, respectively. It is preferably directed to the sowing target point. Thereby, it can seed | inoculate toward each point of a sowing surface from each adsorption | suction hole provided disperse | distributed in the width direction of the drum. Further, the central axis of the suction hole has an appropriate angle with respect to the radial direction of the drum in the cross-sectional direction of the drum, and the tip of the suction hole is in the seed discharge portion with respect to the traveling direction of the drum. It is preferably directed backwards. Thereby, since seeds are discharged toward the rear with respect to the traveling direction of the point seeder, the release rate with respect to the seeding surface is lowered to prevent the seeds from jumping up.

  In addition, the brush is provided with a staggered protrusion having a larger interval than the seed grains by contacting the drum with the outer wall immediately after passing through the seed discharge port of the hopper, Excess adsorbed seeds can be removed. Further, by providing a cutter that contacts the inner wall of the drum and cuts a protrusion that has entered the drum from the suction hole, for example, a branch raft that has entered the drum is cut, and a seed is cut. Prevents the seeds from being released due to the branch of the branch being caught. Furthermore, a scraper that removes seeds remaining on the outer wall of the drum is provided between the seed discharge portion and the hopper so as to contact the outer wall of the drum, so that it is fixed without being released. Seeds can be removed.

  In addition, irregularities are formed on the outer wall of the drum and the tip of the bottom plate of the hopper in contact with the outer wall, respectively, and the bottom plate vibrates when the drum rotates, so that the seed bridges in the hopper. Prevention and smooth sowing can be continued.

  Moreover, since the number of seeds discharged at one time can be adjusted by detachably providing a shutter that closes a part of the suction hole on the outer periphery of the drum, versatility is widened.

  According to the present invention, since the seed discharge position, direction, and timing can be accurately controlled by the accumulator, the speed of the spot seeder can be increased without impairing the precision of the sowing position. Moreover, the variation in the number of seeds can be extremely reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a spot seeder according to the present invention as seen from the front direction, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view as seen from the line AA in FIG. .

  The spot spreader 1 according to the present invention is mounted on a vehicle such as a tractor, and operates by obtaining a driving force from a wheel or the like in contact with the vehicle or the ground.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a substantially cylindrical drum 2 having a cylindrical portion 21 is disposed so as to be rotatable in the rotation direction C around a substantially cylindrical stator 3. An opening 31 is provided in a part of the side surface of the stator 3 and communicates with the inside 22 of the drum 2. One end of the stator 3 in the axial direction is opened and communicated with the air suction passage 16. By sucking air from the air suction passage 16, the inside 22 of the drum 2 is maintained at a negative pressure.

  An accumulator 4 is disposed in the interior 22 of the drum 2 below the stator 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the accumulator 4 is provided near the lower end of the drum 2 inside 22. Usually, as shown in FIG. 2, it is often provided closer to the front in the traveling direction B than the center of rotation of the drum 2, but the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 1, the accumulator 4 has a length that extends over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 21 of the drum 2, and an opening 42 provided on one end side in the axial direction of the accumulator 4 provides air to the accumulator 4. Is communicated with an air supply passage 17 for pressure-feeding. A plurality of cylindrical air discharge ports 41 are provided below the accumulator 4. The tip of the air discharge port 41 is in contact with the inner wall 23 of the drum 2. An elastic body 11 such as a spring is provided between the accumulator 4 and the stator 3, and the elastic body 11 absorbs a dimensional error in the cross section of the drum 2 and presses so that the tip of the air discharge port 41 is always in close contact with the inner wall 23. Is done. Further, the accumulator 4 can be rotated by a predetermined angle about a position different from its own central axis, that is, a rotation center of the drum, and the accumulator 4 is appropriately rotated according to a dimensional error of the drum 2 or the like. Thus, the tip of the air discharge port 41 is adjusted so as to be in close contact with the inner wall 23 of the drum 2.

  Further, a cutter 13 is attached to the inside 22 of the drum 2 in contact with the inner wall 23. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutter 13 has a length that extends over substantially the entire axial direction of the cylindrical portion 21 of the drum 2, and the blade is in light contact with the inner wall 23.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the drum 2 is provided so as to face the seed discharge portion 51 of the hopper 5 that accommodates the seed 8. A plurality of suction holes 20 are formed in the side surface 25 of the drum 2 at appropriate intervals. The suction hole 20 will be described in detail later. The entire spot spreader 1 travels in the traveling direction B while the drum 2 rotates in the rotational direction C of FIG.

  A scraper 14 is attached below the drum 2 at a position slightly rearward of the seed discharge unit 6. The scraper 14 has a length that extends over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 21 of the drum 2, and is provided in contact with the outer wall 24 of the drum 2.

  The brush 12 is provided at a position immediately after the side surface 25 of the drum 2 passes through the seed discharge portion 51 of the hopper 5. The brush 12 is formed with a plurality of protrusions 12 a arranged in a staggered manner at intervals slightly wider than the grain size of the seeds 8, and the tips of the protrusions 12 a are in contact with the outer wall 24 of the drum 2.

  Hereinafter, the suction hole 20 formed in the side surface 25 of the drum 2 will be described.

  A plurality of suction holes 20 are formed at appropriate intervals in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the drum 2. The inside 22 of the drum 2 is maintained at a negative pressure, and the side surface 25 of the drum 2 passes through the seed discharge portion 51 of the hopper 5, whereby the seed 8 in the hopper 5 is adsorbed to the adsorption hole 20, and the seed 8 is rotated along with the rotation of the drum 2. Is transported. The seeds 8 adsorbed in the plurality of adsorbing holes 20 provided in a line in the axial direction of the drum 2 are discharged simultaneously. As shown in FIG. 1, the central axis of each suction hole 20 formed at each position in the axial direction has a different inclination with respect to the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the drum 2. That is, in the seed discharge part 6, the central axis of each suction hole 20 has an inclination toward the sowing target point 9 a on the sowing surface 9 as viewed from the front direction of the drum 2. Thereby, when the pressurized air from the accumulator 4 is released along each adsorption hole 20, the seed 8 adsorbed by each adsorption hole 20 is emitted toward one point, that is, the sowing target point 9a. The The pressurized air released by the accumulator 4 is, for example, about 0.1 atm.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the drum portion of FIG. When viewed from the side surface direction of the drum 2, the central axis of each suction hole 20 has an inclination of an angle β with respect to the radial direction of the cross section of the drum 2. Due to this inclination β, when the suction hole 20 reaches the seed discharge part 6 below the drum 2, the tip end (outer wall side) of the suction hole 20 is in the traveling direction B of the spot seeder 1 rather than the base end (inner wall side). Directed backwards.

  Further, the air discharge port 41 of the accumulator 4 has an inclination of an angle θ with respect to a straight line connecting the rotation center C2 of the drum 2 and the center C1 of the accumulator 4. Due to this inclination θ, even if the inner wall 23 of the drum 2 is not a perfect circle, the tip of the air discharge port 41 is always pressed against the inner wall 23 without causing a rotation failure in the C direction of the drum 2. The direction of the pressurized air discharged from the accumulator 4 is directed to the rear of the spot seeder 1.

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion D in FIG. 2 and shows a portion where the outer wall 24 of the drum 2 is in contact with the tip of the bottom plate 52 of the hopper 5. For example, as shown in the figure, by providing serrated irregularities 24a and 52a on the outer wall 24 of the drum 2 and the tip of the bottom plate 52, the bottom plate 52 vibrates as the drum 2 rotates, and the seed 8 in the hopper 5 Prevent bridging.

  FIG. 5 shows a state in which the shutter 15 is mounted on the outer periphery of the drum 2. The shutter 15 has, for example, a cylindrical shape as illustrated, and is detachable from the drum 2. By adjusting the position and width of the shutter 15, the suction hole 20 at a predetermined position can be closed and the number of seeds 8 to be sown can be increased or decreased. The shape of the shutter 15 is not limited to the illustrated example.

  The sowing procedure by the point seeder 1 having the above configuration will be described below.

  The air in the drum 2 is sucked from the air suction passage 16 and the drum 2 is rotated in a state where the inside 22 of the drum 2 is set to a negative pressure. When the side surface 25 of the drum 2 passes through the seed discharge part 51 of the hopper 5, the seed 8 is adsorbed in the adsorption hole 20. Excess seed adhering to the outer wall 24 of the drum 2 is removed by the brush 12. Further, when a protrusion such as a branch stem extending from the seed 8 enters the drum 2, it is cut by the cutter 13.

  When the seed 8 is transported to the seed discharge section 6 below the drum 2, air is discharged from the air discharge port 41 of the accumulator 4 toward the suction hole 20, and the inside of the suction hole 20 becomes positive pressure. Is released. At this time, since the air discharge port 41 has an inclination θ, the air is discharged backward, and the tip (outer wall side) of the suction hole 20 is also directed backward, so that the seed 8 is discharged backward. Is done. Thereby, with respect to the sowing surface 9, the difference in the speed component between the traveling direction of the seed sowing machine 1 and the traveling direction of the seed seed 8 released is reduced, and the seed 8 is prevented from bouncing off from the sowing surface 9. Can do. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, since the adsorption holes 20 for adsorbing the simultaneously released seeds 8 have respective inclinations toward the sowing target point 9a, each child 8 has a sowing target point. Released towards 9a and accurately spotted.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the accumulator 4 efficiently releases air toward the adsorption hole 20 that has reached the seed discharge unit 6, so that the timing of sowing can be accurately controlled. In addition, since air can be released along the direction of the suction hole 20, the seed 8 can be released by being concentrated on the sowing target point 9a. Therefore, even if the traveling speed of the spot spreader 1 is increased, highly accurate spot seeding can be performed.

  Further, by adjusting the number of seeds to be sown as appropriate using the shutter 15, it can be applied regardless of the sowing density per unit area. Furthermore, by adjusting the size and number of the suction holes 20, the drilling angle, etc., it can be widely applied to various crops and can be applied to single seeding and row seeding.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this example. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It is understood that it belongs to.

  The present invention can be applied as a point seeder in various scales and crops.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view seen from the front direction of the point seeder which concerns on this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view seen from the AA line of FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the drum of FIG. 2. The enlarged view of the D section of FIG. The perspective view which shows the example which mounted | wore the shutter with the drum.

Explanation of symbols

1 seed sowing machine 2 drum 3 stator 4 accumulator 5 hopper 6 seed discharge part 8 seed 9 sowing surface 9a sowing target point 11 elastic body 12 brush 13 cutter 14 scraper 15 shutter 16 air suction path 17 air supply path 20 suction hole 21 cylindrical part 22 Inner wall 23 Inner wall 24 Outer wall 25 Side surface 41 Air outlet

Claims (12)

Facing the seed discharge part of the hopper that accommodates plant seeds, a substantially cylindrical drum is rotatably arranged around the stator,
Adsorption holes are drilled at a predetermined interval on the side surface of the drum, and the seed in the hopper is adsorbed to the adsorption hole by making negative pressure in the drum, and the drum is rotated to convey the seed. In the point seeder that releases the seed from the adsorption hole to the sowing surface by applying a positive pressure to the adsorption hole that has reached the discharge part,
A spot seeder, wherein an accumulator is provided inside the drum, and pressure is applied from an air discharge port of the accumulator toward an adsorption hole of the seed discharge unit.   The point sowing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accumulator is disposed in proximity to the seed discharge part.   The air discharge port of the accumulator is directed in a direction having a predetermined angle in the rotation direction of the drum with respect to a straight line connecting the rotation center of the drum and the center of the accumulator. The point seeder according to claim 1 or 2.   The accumulator is connected to the stator by an elastic body so that the air discharge port is pressed against the inner wall of the drum with a predetermined pressure. Point seeder.   The point spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the accumulator is rotatable around a position different from the rotation center of the drum.   The center axis of the suction hole has an inclination in the front direction of the drum with respect to the direction orthogonal to the center axis of the drum, and the tip of the suction hole is seeded on the seeding surface in the seed discharge part, respectively. The point spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is directed to a target point.   The central axis of the suction hole has an appropriate angle with respect to the radial direction of the drum in the cross-sectional direction of the drum, and the tip of the suction hole is rearward with respect to the traveling direction of the drum in the seed discharge portion. The point seeder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is directed.   The brush is provided with a staggered protrusion having a larger interval than the seed grains, the drum being brought into contact with the outer wall immediately after passing through the seed discharge port of the hopper. The point seeder according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   The point spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a cutter is provided for cutting a projecting object that has entered the drum through the suction hole in contact with an inner wall of the drum. .   The scraper for removing seeds remaining on the outer wall of the drum is provided between the seed discharge part and the hopper so as to contact the outer wall of the drum. The point seeder according to any of the above.   The unevenness is formed in the outer wall of the drum and the tip of the bottom plate of the hopper in contact with the outer wall, respectively, and the bottom plate vibrates when the drum rotates. The point seeder described in 1.   The point spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a shutter for closing a part of the suction hole is detachably provided on an outer periphery of the drum.

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