CN112292995A - Seeding mechanism on seeder - Google Patents
Seeding mechanism on seeder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112292995A CN112292995A CN201910676698.1A CN201910676698A CN112292995A CN 112292995 A CN112292995 A CN 112292995A CN 201910676698 A CN201910676698 A CN 201910676698A CN 112292995 A CN112292995 A CN 112292995A
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- Prior art keywords
- seed
- seeding
- sowing
- seeder
- disc
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a seeding mechanism on a seeder, which comprises a body, a seeder and a depth wheel; the seeder is provided with a left shell, a right shell, a seed inlet, a seed outlet, a rotatable seeding disc, a baffle, a wind adjusting structure and a seed blocking structure, wherein the wind adjusting structure can adjust the area of the seed inlet, and the seed blocking structure can block off the redundant seeds on the seed inlet. The seed sucking holes are uniformly formed in the seeding disc, uniform seeding is realized when the seeding disc rotates, the problems of seed leakage and multiple kinds of problems are avoided, and the seeding disc is suitable for seeding requirements of different seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment, in particular to a seeding mechanism on a seeding machine.
Background
A seed planter (seed) is a planting machine that uses crop seeds as planting objects. According to the sowing method, the sowing machine mainly comprises a broadcast sowing type, a drill sowing type, a hole sowing type and a precision type. The sowing type is a machine which enables the sown seeds to be evenly distributed on a sowing land, and is a common machine type such as a centrifugal type sowing machine; the drill seeding type is mainly used for seeding small-sized seeds such as grains, vegetables and pasture, and is a common machine type such as a grain drill; the hole sowing type is a machine for sowing seeds in holes according to a certain row spacing and hole spacing, and is a commonly used machine type such as a disc type hole sowing machine; the precision type machine for sowing seeds with accurate sowing quantity, row spacing and depth is generally improved on the basis of various seed sowing devices of a hill planter. With the development of technology and increasing production requirements, precision-type seeders will be more widely used for corn, sugar beet, cotton, legumes and certain vegetable crops.
In the prior art, the requirement on the manufacturing precision of related parts such as a seed sowing device and the like is continuously improved, so that the technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field is how to effectively ensure the sowing precision and effectively monitor the sowing work.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a seeding mechanism which is accurate in seeding, reasonable in structure and capable of meeting seeding requirements of different types of crops so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the seeding mechanism comprises a body, wherein a seeder is arranged at the upper part of the body, a depth wheel is arranged at the lower part of the body, the seeder comprises a left shell and a right shell which are in butt joint fit, a seed inlet is formed in the upper end of the seeder, a seed falling port is formed in the front edge or the rear edge of the lower end of the seeder, a rotatable seeding disc is arranged in the seeder, the rotation axis of the seeding disc is parallel to the rotation axis of the depth wheel, a negative pressure cavity is formed in the seeding disc, a plurality of seed sucking ports communicated with the negative pressure cavity are uniformly formed in the right end face of the seeding disc along the circumferential direction, negative pressure is generated in the negative pressure cavity through a fan, a separation blade is arranged on one side of the left end face of the seeding disc, and the separation blade can shield the seed sucking port; rotatable air adjusting structure and seed blocking structure are arranged on the right shell in a penetrating mode, the air adjusting structure can adjust the area of the seed sucking port, and the seed blocking structure can block off redundant seeds on the seed sucking port.
Preferably, the air adjusting structure comprises a rotating handle and a stop block which are matched to work, the rotating handle is positioned on the outer side of the right shell, and the stop block can be movably attached to the right end face of the sowing plate; the rotary handle drives the stop block to adjust the area of the seed sucking port.
Preferably, the seed blocking structure comprises a rotating handle and a stop block, the rotating handle is positioned on the outer side of the right shell, the stop block can be movably attached to the right end face of the sowing disc, and the rotating handle drives the stop block to block off the redundant seeds on the seed suction port.
Preferably, a seed storage box is arranged above the seeder.
Preferably, a photoelectric sensor for monitoring whether the seed is adsorbed in the seed sucking port is arranged in the seeder.
Preferably, the left side of the sowing plate is provided with a cover body, and the edge of the sowing plate is in butt joint fit with the edge of the cover body to form a negative pressure cavity.
Preferably, a frame body is arranged between the right shell and the seeding disc, and the seeding disc and the frame body form a cavity for containing seeds.
Preferably, a furrow opener positioned below the seed dropping opening is arranged on the body of the sowing mechanism.
Furthermore, a soil covering press wheel positioned at the rear part of the furrow opener is arranged on the body of the sowing mechanism.
As mentioned above, the sowing mechanism on the sowing machine has the following beneficial effects:
the sowing tray is uniformly provided with the seed suction ports, uniform sowing is realized when the sowing tray rotates, the problems of seed leakage and multiple kinds are avoided through the air adjusting structure and the seed blocking structure, and the sowing tray can be effectively suitable for the sowing requirements of different seeds; in addition, the invention carries out seeding monitoring through the photoelectric sensor, finds and processes problems in time and further avoids the problem of seed leakage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention in a state of being engaged with a rack.
Fig. 2 is a first perspective view of the present invention in use.
Fig. 3 is a second perspective view of the present invention in use.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the seeder of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the air adjusting structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a seed-stopping structure in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a working principle diagram of the wind adjusting structure and the seed blocking structure of the invention.
In the figure:
1 frame 11 land wheel
23 earthing suppression wheels of sowing mechanism
21 body 22 seeder
23 depth wheel 24 blower
25 wind adjusting structure 26 keeps off kind of structure
27 seed storage box 28 furrow opener
221 left shell 222 right shell
223 seed inlet 224 seed outlet
225 seeding disc 226 baffle plate
227 photoelectric sensor 2251 seed suction port
251 knob 252 stop
261 rotating handle 262 stop block
228 housing 229 frame
Detailed Description
The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the skilled in the art. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.
The invention relates to a sowing mechanism on a sowing machine, which is combined with figures 1-5 and comprises a body 21, wherein the upper part of the body 21 is provided with a sowing device 22, the lower part of the body 21 is provided with a depth wheel 23, and the sowing device 22 can be rotated to sow seeds on the ground. When in use, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention is arranged on a frame 1 of a seeder, a land wheel 11 is arranged on the frame 1, and the frame 1 is driven by a tractor; the depth wheel 23 of the invention can not rotate independently, and is driven by a tractor to rotate and walk, thereby driving the seeding mechanism 2 to walk integrally. The depth wheel 23 can be lifted, so that the seed falling height and the ditching depth can be adjusted, and the use requirements under different conditions can be met. The depth wheel 23 can be lifted through an oil cylinder or a rocker structure.
With reference to fig. 4-8, the sowing implement 22 of the present invention includes a left housing 221 and a right housing 222 which are in butt-joint fit, the upper end of the sowing implement 22 is provided with a seed inlet 223, the lower end front edge or rear edge is provided with a seed outlet 224, a rotatable sowing disc 225 is arranged in the sowing implement 22, the rotation axis of the sowing disc 225 is parallel to the rotation axis of the depth wheel 23, the sowing disc 225 is provided with a negative pressure cavity, the end surface of the sowing disc 225 is uniformly provided with a plurality of seed suction ports 2251 which are communicated with the negative pressure cavity along the circumferential direction, and the negative pressure cavity generates negative pressure through a fan 24 mounted on the frame 1; in practical implementation, referring to fig. 5, a cover 228 is disposed on the left side of the seed tray 225, and the edge of the seed tray 225 is in butt-joint fit with the edge of the cover 228 to form a negative pressure chamber. As shown in fig. 5, a baffle 226 is disposed on one side of the left end surface of the seed tray 225, and the baffle 226 can block one seed suction port 2251 directly above the seed dropping port 224, and the principle is as follows: when one of the seed suction ports 2251 of the sowing plate 225 is rotated to the position of the stopping piece 226, the suction force of the blower 24 to the seed suction port 2251 is lost, and the seeds fall by their own weight. Rotatable wind adjusting structure 25 and seed blocking structure 26 penetrate through right casing 222, and wind adjusting structure 25 is rotated as required during use, and the size of the area of seed suction port 2251 is sheltered from by wind adjusting structure 25, i.e. when the power of fan 24 is constant, the larger the sheltered area is, the larger the suction force of seed suction port 2251 is, and the suction force to the seeds with larger weight is increased. The air adjusting structure 25 adjusts the size of the sum of the areas of all the seed suction ports 2251, and the principle thereof is to shield a part of the plurality of seed suction ports 2251, thereby reducing the sum of the areas of all the seed suction ports 2251 (see fig. 8). The seed blocking structure 26 is rotated to block off the excess seeds on the seed suction ports 2251, so that only one seed is on each seed suction port 2251.
The specific position of the seed dropping opening 224 in the present invention is determined according to the rotation direction of the seeding disc 225, and with reference to fig. 4, 5 and 8, when the seeding disc 225 rotates counterclockwise, the seed dropping opening 224 is at the front edge (left side in fig. 8); conversely, when the seed disc 225 rotates clockwise, the sowing opening 224 is at the rear edge (right side in fig. 8).
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 4-6 and 8, the air adjusting structure 25 includes a rotating handle 251 and a stopper 252, which cooperate with each other, the rotating handle 251 is located outside the right housing 222, the stopper 252 is movably abutted against the right end face of the seeding tray 225, the rotating handle 251 drives the stopper 252 to adjust the area of the seed sucking opening 2251, that is, when the rotating handle 251 is manually rotated, the stopper 252 moves on the right end face side of the seeding tray 225, so as to shield the seed sucking opening 2251. Referring to fig. 4, 5, 7 and 8, the seed stopping structure 26 includes a handle 261 and a stopper 262, the handle 261 is located outside the right casing 222, the stopper 262 is movably attached to the right end face of the seeding tray 225, the handle 261 can drive the stopper 262 to move, that is, when the handle 261 is manually rotated, the stopper 262 moves on one side of the right end face of the seeding tray 265, so as to stop off the excess seeds on the seed sucking port 2251. In the actual assembly arrangement, the stop 262 is positioned just before the non-suction seed suction port 2251, i.e., before the seed falls, and generally referring to fig. 8, the stop 262 is positioned above the middle of the seed disc 225.
In a further preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a frame 229 is disposed between the right casing 222 and the seeding tray 225, the seeding tray 225 and the frame 229 form a cavity for holding seeds, and the position of the seeds in the seeder 22 is limited by the cavity, so as to prevent the seeds from falling into a dead space inside the right casing 22 and causing the seeds to remain. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the lower portion of the frame 229 is inclined toward the seeding tray 225, and the seeds at the lowest portion are always in contact with the end surface of the seeding tray 225 through the inclined surface, so that all the seeds can be smoothly adsorbed on the seed sucking port 2251.
The invention is mainly used for crops such as corn, beet and the like to finish precision seeding operation, when in use, the land wheel 11 of the invention drives the seeding disc 22 to rotate through a transmission mechanism, and the working principle and the action process of the invention are as follows in combination with figures 1-8:
(1) the tractor is connected with the frame 1, then seeds are added into the seeder 22, the air adjusting structure 25 is rotated to determine the suction force of the seed suction port 2251 according to the size, weight and the like of the seeds, and the seed blocking structure 26 is rotated to determine the position of the seed blocking (including the situation that the seed blocking is not needed).
(2) The tractor drives the invention to move forward, and the fan 24 is started; land wheel 11 rotates and transmits power to seeding disc 225 through drive mechanism, the front of seeding disc 225 (the right side is the seeding disc front in fig. 5) adsorbs the seed on seed suction port 2251 through the suction effect in negative pressure chamber, in the rotation process of seeding disc 225, separation blade 226 position is unchangeable, when a seed suction port 2251 rotates separation blade 226 position, the back of seed suction port 2251 (the right side is the seeding disc back in fig. 5, the back of seed suction port promptly) is blocked, this time this seed suction port 2251 then no longer produces suction to the seed, the seed can rely on the dead weight whereabouts, and fall into subaerial completion seeding through seed suction port 224.
(3) With the continuous rotation of the sowing tray 225, the single seeds fall on the ground in sequence; referring to fig. 8, since all the seed suction ports 2251 of the sowing plate 225 are formed uniformly in the circumferential direction, the dropped seeds have the same distance therebetween, and thus, precise sowing is achieved.
(4) When the tractor stops, the seeding disc 225 stops rotating, and after seeding work is finished, the seeding disc can be detached from the tractor.
The invention is driven to work by the power generated by the running of the tractor, thereby saving energy and simplifying the structure. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, a seed storage box 27 is disposed above the sowing device 22, and the seed storage box 27 can store more seeds and throw the seeds into the sowing device 225 in time, so as to achieve the technical effect of continuous sowing.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a photoelectric sensor 227 for monitoring whether seeds are adsorbed in the seed suction port 2251 is disposed in the seeder 22, that is, the photoelectric sensor 227 emits a light beam, when no seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction port 2251, the light beam will pass through the seed suction port 2521, and at this time, the photoelectric sensor 227 will generate an electrical signal to give an alarm to remind a worker of seed leakage, so as to replenish seeds in time.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the furrow opener 28 is arranged on the body 21 of the sowing mechanism 2 and is located below the seed dropping opening 224, the furrow opener 28 is a double-disc type and comprises two obliquely arranged discs, the bottoms of the two discs are close to each other at one side close to the advancing direction (i.e. close to each other at the lower left side in fig. 2), and the furrow opening action is completed when the discs rotate. In addition, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the body 21 of the sowing mechanism 2 is provided with the soil covering press wheel 3 located behind the furrow opener 28, the soil covering press wheel 3 is also of a double-disc type and comprises two obliquely arranged discs, one sides of the bottoms of the two discs, which are far away from the advancing direction, are close to each other (i.e. the upper right sides of fig. 2 are close to each other), and the soil covering and seed burying actions are completed when the discs rotate.
In conclusion, the sowing mechanism on the sowing machine effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art, so that the sowing mechanism has high utilization value and use significance.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Many modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Sowing mechanism on seeder, including body (21), the upper portion of body (21) is equipped with disseminator (22), the lower part is equipped with depth wheel (23), its characterized in that: the seeder (22) comprises a left shell (221) and a right shell (222) which are in butt joint fit, the upper end of the seeder (22) is provided with a seed inlet (223), the front edge or the rear edge of the lower end of the seeder is provided with a seed outlet (224), a rotatable seeding disc (225) is arranged in the seeder (22), the rotation axis of the seeding disc (225) is parallel to the rotation axis of the depth wheel (23), the seeding disc (225) is provided with a negative pressure cavity, the right end face of the seeding disc (225) is uniformly provided with a plurality of seed suction ports (2251) communicated with the negative pressure cavity along the circumferential direction, the negative pressure cavity generates negative pressure through a fan (24), one side of the left end face of the seeding disc (225) is provided with a baffle plate (226), and the baffle plate (226) can shield one seed suction port (2251) right above the seed outlet (224); rotatable air adjusting structures (25) and seed blocking structures (26) penetrate through the right shell (222), the air adjusting structures (25) can adjust the area of the seed suction ports (2251), and the seed blocking structures (26) can block and drop redundant seeds on the seed suction ports (2251).
2. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the air adjusting structure (25) comprises a rotating handle (251) and a stop block (252) which are matched to work, the rotating handle (251) is positioned on the outer side of the right shell (222), and the stop block (252) can movably abut against the right end face of the sowing disc (225); the rotary handle (251) drives the stop block (252) to adjust the area of the seed suction port (2251).
3. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: keep off kind of structure (26) including swing handle (261) and dog (262), swing handle (261) are located right casing (222) outside, the mobilizable right terminal surface that pastes at seeding dish (225) of dog (262), swing handle (261) drive dog (262) keep off the unnecessary seed on inhaling mouth (2251).
4. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a seed storage box (27) is arranged above the seeder (22).
5. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the seeder (22) is provided with a photoelectric sensor (227) for monitoring whether the seed suction port (2251) adsorbs seeds.
6. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the left side of the sowing disc (225) is provided with a cover body (228), and the edge of the sowing disc (225) is in butt joint fit with the edge of the cover body (228) to form a negative pressure cavity.
7. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a frame body (229) is arranged between the right shell (222) and the seeding disc (225), and the seeding disc (225) and the frame body (229) form a cavity for containing seeds.
8. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a furrow opener (28) positioned below the seed dropping opening (224) is arranged on the body (21) of the sowing mechanism (2).
9. The planting mechanism on a planter as claimed in claim 8 wherein: and a body (21) of the sowing mechanism (2) is provided with a soil covering press wheel (3) positioned behind the furrow opener (28).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201910676698.1A CN112292995A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Seeding mechanism on seeder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201910676698.1A CN112292995A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Seeding mechanism on seeder |
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CN112292995A true CN112292995A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
Family
ID=74330042
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CN201910676698.1A Pending CN112292995A (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Seeding mechanism on seeder |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116076200A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-05-09 | 山西农业大学 | Mung bean sowing device and method |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2706236A1 (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1994-12-23 | Molle Van Walter | Selector and distributor device for pneumatic single-seed seeder and control for driving it |
CN102771232A (en) * | 2012-07-28 | 2012-11-14 | 西安远景智能控制有限公司 | Air-suction-type seed sowing device for seeding machine |
CN103168537A (en) * | 2013-03-31 | 2013-06-26 | 马强 | Pneumatic seeder |
US20140182496A1 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2014-07-03 | Cnh America Llc | Low Torque And Vacuum Seed Meter |
US20160366814A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Seed Meter System with Singulator Control |
CN106886055A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of air-suction seeding unit inhales kind of condition monitoring system and a broadcast leakage monitoring method |
CN206442685U (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-08-29 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of aspirated-air type single-kernel seed-metering device |
-
2019
- 2019-07-25 CN CN201910676698.1A patent/CN112292995A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2706236A1 (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1994-12-23 | Molle Van Walter | Selector and distributor device for pneumatic single-seed seeder and control for driving it |
CN102771232A (en) * | 2012-07-28 | 2012-11-14 | 西安远景智能控制有限公司 | Air-suction-type seed sowing device for seeding machine |
US20140182496A1 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2014-07-03 | Cnh America Llc | Low Torque And Vacuum Seed Meter |
CN103168537A (en) * | 2013-03-31 | 2013-06-26 | 马强 | Pneumatic seeder |
US20160366814A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Seed Meter System with Singulator Control |
CN206442685U (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-08-29 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of aspirated-air type single-kernel seed-metering device |
CN106886055A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of air-suction seeding unit inhales kind of condition monitoring system and a broadcast leakage monitoring method |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116076200A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-05-09 | 山西农业大学 | Mung bean sowing device and method |
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