JP2009052206A - Block construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a block construction method for accurately and safely performing underwater block installation work. <P>SOLUTION: A wire 20 locked to a wire locking part of a support member 11 of a block hanging implement 10 is hooked to a hook 22a of a lifting member 22 of a crane 60 to allow the whole block hanging implement 10 to be lifted and moved. A plurality of blocks 30 are connected one by one to a plurality of hanging members 21 of the block hanging implement 10, and then the lifting member 22 of the crane 60 is lifted to lift the plurality of blocks 30 together with the block hanging implement 10. The crane 60 is then operated to move the plurality of blocks 30 up to the water surface W1 of an installation predetermined face P, and then the lifting member 22 is delivered to lower the block hanging implement 10 gradually into the water. The plurality of blocks 30 can thereby be installed in accurate positions on the installation scheduled face P in the water W. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for installing a block on an underwater installation planned surface in a river bank revetment or the like.

  As a block construction method for river bank revetment, etc., conventionally, a temporary partition was installed in front of the bank, which is the construction area, and the water remaining between the bank and the temporary partition was pumped out of the temporary partition. However, it is common to perform work such as installing blocks while keeping the construction area in the same state as the land.

  On the other hand, in order to prevent erosion of river dikes and coasts, various types of revetment work have been carried out in the past, but in recent years revetment work only for the purpose of erosion prevention has been avoided and has an excellent erosion prevention function. There is a need for revetment technology that is both equipped and excellent in harmony with the natural environment. In order to respond to such a request, the present applicant has proposed a revetment technique using a plurality of blocks having connecting portions that can be connected to each other (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  By implementing the revetment technology described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the revetment structure that effectively prevents erosion and has excellent harmony with the natural environment and waterside ecosystems even in river banks with many bends Can be built.

JP-A-8-3962 JP 11-315527 A

  In the case of the conventional block construction method, it may be extremely difficult to install a temporary partition due to the topography and water flow of the construction site, or the well water around the site may drown due to “water change”. In addition, the effect of “water change” on the area around the construction site and the ecosystem in the water area may not be ignored. Furthermore, a great deal of materials and labor are spent on installing and removing temporary partitions. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for block construction methods that do not require “water replacement”.

  On the other hand, when the revetment work is performed using the concrete blocks described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the concrete block is laid using the lifting tool 5 illustrated in FIG. 4 of Patent Document 1. . The hanger 5 includes a support frame 41 made of I-shaped steel or the like, and a plurality of block clamping tools 42 provided on the support frame 41 at predetermined intervals. It is possible to install the plurality of concrete blocks 2 at the construction site by gripping the center of gravity of the concrete block 2 with a plurality of block sandwiching tools, and lifting and transporting the entire suspension 5 by a crane truck via a wire. it can.

  Since the plurality of block sandwiching tools 42 provided on the hanger 5 are each provided with an opening / closing mechanism for gripping the concrete block 2 so as not to move, it is excellent in that it has a strong gripping function. However, if the concrete block 2 is uneven and the surface of the concrete block 2 is to be installed, and the suspended concrete blocks 2 do not touch the ground horizontally at the same time, the concrete block 2 that is grounded in an inclined position is lower due to the action of gravity. Try to lean on. At this time, if the tilting force generated in the concrete block acts on the block clamping tool 42, the opening operation of the block clamping tool 42 is hindered, and it is difficult to remove the clamping tool 42 from the concrete block 2 after grounding. Become.

  Therefore, it is extremely difficult to install the concrete block 2 using the hanging tool 5 on the planned ground contact surface underwater where the unevenness and the like cannot be visually confirmed from the land. In addition, when a plurality of concrete blocks 2 gripped by the hanging tool 5 are submerged in water, the exact position of each concrete block 2 cannot be visually confirmed from the land, so the concrete block 2 is placed at an accurate position on the planned installation surface. It is almost impossible to ground.

  Problem to be solved by the invention is providing the block construction method which can perform the installation operation | work of the block in water correctly and safely.

The block construction method of the present invention includes a support member that can be held and moved by a lifting device such as a crane, and a flexibility that is provided in parallel with the support member so as to detach a plurality of blocks one by one. A plurality of suspension members having a block suspension device comprising:
The block suspended by the suspension member is installed on a planned installation surface in water.

  In such a configuration, when a block is suspended from each of a plurality of suspension members provided on a support member that is held by a lifting device such as a crane, the flexible suspension member is moved vertically according to the weight of the block. It is kept in the extended state. For this reason, even if a plurality of suspended blocks are submerged, the position of each block in the water can be grasped from the land by observing each hanging member protruding from the water surface. Therefore, if a lifting device such as a crane is operated while visually confirming the position of each suspension member, each block can be accurately installed on the planned installation surface in water. In addition, since the operator can always visually check the position of each block in the water, safety during work can be ensured.

  Here, it is preferable that the sheet material laid between the planned installation surface and the block is installed on the planned installation surface in a state where the sheet material is adhered to the block suspended by the suspension member.

  With such a configuration, for the purpose of preventing erosion, the sheet material laid between the planned installation surface and the block can be laid at the same time as the block installation work, which greatly improves work efficiency. To do.

  In this case, it is desirable to provide the sheet material with a joining means for connecting the sheet materials laid on the planned installation surface. With such a configuration, it is possible to save labor because the labor of applying an adhesive or the like for connecting the sheet materials can be saved.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION By this invention, the block construction method which can perform the installation operation | work of the block in water correctly and safely can be provided.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view showing a use state of a block lifting device in a block construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the use state of the block lifting device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a perspective view of the concrete block used with a block construction method.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the wire 20 locked to the wire locking portion 16 of the support member 11 of the block lifting device 10 is hooked on the hook 22 a of the lifting member 22 of the crane 60 (see FIG. 13). When suspended, the entire block suspension 10 can be moved up and down and moved. Then, the plurality of connecting members 12 are respectively arranged at appropriate positions on the support member 11, and the fixing bolts 15 are tightened and fixed. Next, the block connector 25 (see FIG. 4) at the lower end of the suspension member 21 suspended from the plurality of connecting members 12 is connected to the head portion 35a of the anchor 35 of the block 30 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plurality of blocks 30 are bonded to a sheet material 40 having water permeability and air permeability using an adhesive. In addition, the sheet material 40 laid together with the plurality of blocks 30 is bonded to the upper surface of the sheet material 40 on the side of the side edge facing the side edge of the sheet material 40 on the side to which the block 30 is bonded. An adhesive layer 41 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the block 30 is a concrete block having a substantially T-shape in plan view, and a rotation support groove portion 31 is formed in a vertical portion of the T shape, and left and right ends of the horizontal portion of the T shape. Rotating support protrusions 32 are formed on the lower surfaces. Further, step portions 36 and 33 are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the intersecting portion of the T-shaped vertical portion and the horizontal portion, respectively. A bowl-shaped recess 34 is formed in a portion of the step portion 36 located on the center of gravity of the block 30, and an anchor 35 is embedded in the bottom of the recess 34. The shaft 35 b of the anchor 35 is embedded in an upright manner in the block 30, and its head 35 a protrudes into the recess 34. The block connector 25 (see FIG. 4) at the lower end of the suspension member 21 shown in FIG. 1 can be detachably connected to the head portion 35 a of the anchor 35.

  After connecting the plurality of blocks 30 to the plurality of suspension members 21 of the block suspension 10 one by one and then operating the crane 60 (see FIG. 13) to raise the elevating member 22, the block suspension 10 At the same time, the plurality of blocks 30 are lifted. And after operating the crane 60 and moving the several block 30 to the upper direction of the installation planned surface P (refer FIG. 13), the raising / lowering member 22 is lowered | hung, and the several block 30 is followed along the construction procedure mentioned later. Can be placed on the planned installation surface P.

  Here, the structure and function of the block hanger 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A is a plan view of the block suspension shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4B is a front view of the block suspension, FIG. 5 is a partially omitted side view of the block suspension shown in FIG. 8 is a partially omitted enlarged view of the block suspension shown in FIG. 4 (b), FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged front view showing the use state of the block suspension shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. It is a partially enlarged front view showing the embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the block suspension 10 is arranged in a linear support member 11 suspended by a wire 20 and held horizontally, and on the lower surface side of the support member 11 with a gap along the longitudinal direction thereof. A plurality of connecting members 12 and a suspension member 21 suspended from the lower surface side of the connecting member 12 are provided. The support member 11 is formed of an I-shaped steel material or the like, and a pair of left and right wires engaging portions 16, fork engaging portions 17 and hooks 18 are provided on the flange 11f above the supporting member 11, respectively.

  A plurality of connecting members 12 are slidably mounted on the flange 11g below the supporting member 11 along the longitudinal direction of the supporting member 11, and these connecting members 12 are used for locking the suspension member 21. The locking tool 13, the Y-shaped fixing bolt 15 for fixing the connecting member 12 to a predetermined position of the supporting member 11, the cursor 14 for indicating the position of the connecting member 12, and the hanging member 21 are temporarily provided. And a J-shaped hook 26 to be hooked on. A block connector 25 is attached to the lower end of the block suspension member 21. By sliding the connecting member 12 along the longitudinal direction of the support member 11 and changing its fixing position, the interval between the blocks 30 suspended by the block suspension member 21 can be adjusted. For this reason, the space | interval of the some block 30 can be set to the dimension suitable for construction conditions.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the fixing bolt 15 is screwed from the connecting member 12 toward the web 11 w of the support member 11. When the fixing bolt 15 is rotated in the forward / reverse direction indicated by the arcuate arrow in FIG. 6, the tip 15 a contacts and separates from the web 11 w, and the connecting member 12 engages and releases the support member 11. Is done. Further, the locking member 13 on the lower surface of the connecting member 12 is provided with a locking hole 13a, and the suspension member 21 is attached to the locking hole 13a via a detachable connector 27. In the present embodiment, a chain is used as the hanging member 21, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a flexible wire, wire, string, or the like can also be used.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the fork engaging portion 17 is provided with a rectangular cylindrical engagement hole 17 a for inserting and engaging a lifting fork of a forklift (not shown). As shown in FIG. 7, the wire locking portions 16 are provided with wire locking holes 16a for locking the wires 20 (see FIG. 1). As shown in FIGS. 2, 5, and 8, a pair of U-shaped hooks 18 for locking a rope 37 (see FIG. 1), a wire, and the like are provided on the flanges 11 f above the left and right ends of the support member 11. Are provided upright.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, it is also possible to use an alignment member 50 that is detachably engaged with the plurality of blocks 30 suspended by the suspension member 21. The alignment member 50 includes a cylindrical main shaft 52 and a plurality of stoppers 51 attached to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the main shaft 52. The stopper 51 includes a ring-shaped locking part 51a, a bar member 51c projecting radially on the outer periphery of the locking part 51a, and a locking bolt 51b for engaging and disengaging the locking part 51a with the main shaft 52. And is composed of. The alignment member 50 is configured by inserting the main shaft 52 through the locking portions 51 a of the plurality of stoppers 51.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the alignment member 50 is placed on the plurality of blocks 30 suspended by the suspension member 21 with the locking bolts 51 b loosened, and the plurality of bar members 51 c are respectively connected to the respective blocks 30. When the locking bolts 51b are tightened after being brought into contact with the side surfaces and adjusted to a predetermined interval, the stopper 51 is fixed to the main shaft 52, and the plurality of blocks 30 are held in a state of being arranged at a predetermined interval. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, it is desirable to set the side surface of one block 30 so as to be sandwiched between two bar members 51c, but the present invention is not limited to this. Further, if the locking bolt 51b is loosened, the position of the stopper 51 can be changed or the alignment member 50 can be detached from the block 30.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the alignment member 50 is used, the plurality of blocks 30 can be held in a certain alignment state simply by engaging the alignment member 50 with the plurality of blocks 30 suspended by the suspension member 21. This makes it possible to improve workability when the plurality of blocks 30 are installed in series on a horizontal installation surface. Further, by using the alignment member 50, it is possible to avoid the blocks 30 in a suspended state from contacting each other.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a posture holding member 23 that can be detachably engaged with a block 30 suspended from the suspension member 21 can be attached to the block suspension 10. The posture holding member 23 includes a support shaft 23a provided on the connecting member 12 in parallel with the support member 11, a pair of rotation arms 23b rotatably supported on the support shaft 23a, and a distal end of the rotation arm 23b. And an elastic body 23d sandwiched between a plurality of locking members 23c provided on the surface. The peripheral edge of the distal end of the elastic body 23d is shaped to engage with the stepped portion 36 on the upper surface of the block 30.

  As shown in FIG. 10, by rotating the rotation arm 23 b around the support shaft 23 a of the posture holding member 23, the elastic body 23 d of the locking member 23 c is engaged with and released from the stepped portion 36 of the block 30. be able to. Therefore, if the elastic body 23d is engaged with the stepped portion 36 of the block 30 as necessary, the block 30 suspended by the suspension member 21 swings or rotates during conveyance. Can be prevented. For this reason, workability | operativity and safety | security during conveyance can be improved and the damage by the contact of blocks 30 can be prevented. Further, since the posture holding member 23 can be engaged with and disengaged from the block 30, if the posture holding member 23 is detached from the block 30 before the block 30 is grounded, the block 30 returns to a state where it can swing and tilt. Therefore, it can be grounded in a posture along the planned installation surface, and there is no hindrance to the installation work.

  In FIG. 10, the posture holding member 23 is attached to only one connecting member 12, but is not limited to this, and therefore two or more connecting members 12 (for example, connecting members 12 located at both ends). The posture holding member 23 can also be attached to each of them. Further, the alignment member 50 and the posture maintaining member 23 shown in FIG. 9 can be used together as necessary.

  Next, the block construction method will be described based on FIGS. 1, 2, and 11 to 18. In addition, the part which attached | subjected the code | symbol same as the code | symbol described in FIGS. 11-10 in FIGS. 11-18 is a part which has the same structure and function as structural parts, such as the block hanging tool 10 mentioned above, and demonstrates it. Omitted.

  When the block construction method of this embodiment is implemented, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the slope R1 that is the construction site is shaped as a previous stage. As shown in FIG. 11, rough shaping of the slope R1 and the riverbed R2 is performed using the bucket 70a of the backhoe 70. In this case, a long arm backhoe 70 may be used depending on the water depth and the length of the law. In order to prevent the river water W from becoming cloudy with earth and sand during rough shaping work, it is desirable to provide a pollution prevention fence (not shown) so as to surround the construction site.

  After the rough shaping by the backhoe 70 is finished, the single pipe tensions 73 and 74 are provided along the plurality of support columns 71 and 72 erected so as to surround the construction area, and the slope R1 and the riverbed R2. Then, the single pipe 76 held by the diver 75 in the water W is moved along the single pipe tensions 73 and 74, and the unevenness of the slope R1 is searched, and by the joint work of the diver 75 and the backhoe 70, Finish shaping is performed.

  Next, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 13, one block 30 is attached to each of a plurality of suspension members 21 provided in a suspended manner on the support member 11 of the block suspension 10 held by the crane 60. When suspended one by one, the flexible suspension member 21 is maintained in a state extending in the vertical direction due to the weight of the block 30. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, even if the suspended blocks 30 are immersed in the water W at the construction site, by visually observing each hanging member 21 coming out of the water surface W1, The position of each block 30 can be grasped from the land. Therefore, if the lifting member 22 of the crane 60 is fed out and the block lifting tool 10 is gradually lowered while visually confirming the position of each hanging member 21, each block 30 is placed on the planned installation surface P in the water W. It can be installed accurately.

  When the block hanging tool 10 descends until it is submerged and the water surface W1 shown in FIG. 14 reaches the position of the water surface W2, the presence of the block 30 can be seen by looking at the marking member 19 projecting upward from the water surface W1 and its scale 19a. It can be installed on the planned installation surface P while checking the position and depth.

  When the plurality of blocks 30 are installed on the planned installation surface P, the block suspension 10 is lowered until the suspension member 21 is bent, and then the block connector 25 (see FIG. 4) is attached to the anchor 35 of the block 30. Installation work is completed when the head 35a is detached from the head 35a (see FIG. 3). At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, the diver S waiting in the water W performs a connection operation between the newly installed block 30 and the existing block 30.

  Since the plurality of blocks 30 suspended by the suspension member 21 of the block suspension 10 are kept in a swingable and tiltable state, there is unevenness or unevenness on the planned installation surface P of the block 30. However, the plurality of suspended blocks 30 can be grounded in an inclined posture along the installation surface. Further, the tilting force applied to the suspension member 21 from the block 30 grounded in the inclined posture is eliminated by the bending of the suspension member 21, so that the suspension member 21 does not become undetachable from the block 30. Therefore, the installation work of the block 30 can be performed efficiently and safely.

  In the block suspension 10, the interval between the plurality of suspension members 21 can be changed by moving the connecting member 12 along the support member 11, so that the plurality of suspension members 21 suspended by the respective suspension members 21. The interval between the blocks 30 can also be changed. For this reason, it can set to the block space | interval suitable for construction conditions, and is excellent in the adaptability to a construction site. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, six blocks 30 are suspended from the block lifting tool 10, but the present invention is not limited to this. The number of hanging blocks 30 can be changed by increasing / decreasing the number or changing the length of the support member 11.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the block suspension 10 is provided with marking members 19 that stand above the support member 11 at both left and right ends of the support member 11. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, even if the support member 11 is submerged in the water W, the marking member 19 standing upwards from this protrudes from the water surface W1, so that the position of the support member 11 in the water W is visually observed. By checking, the plurality of blocks 30 can be arranged at accurate positions. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 14, since the marking member 19 is provided with a plurality of scales 19a, the position in the depth direction of the support member 11 in the water W can also be visually confirmed.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, the operator can be held and operated by the operator T on the land holding the rope 37 locked to the hooks 18 at both ends of the support member 11. It is also possible to make fine adjustments. Thus, the operator (not shown) of the crane or the worker T on the ground installs while checking the position of each block 30 in the water W by visually observing the suspension member 21 and the marking member 19. Since the work can be performed, the block 30 can be installed at an accurate position on the planned installation surface P, and the safety during the work is also excellent.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 15, the blocks 30 b and 30 c installed at a high position of the river dike R are locked to the natural ground by the stop pile 61, and from the block 30 c toward the water W. The block connection body 30X is formed by installing the blocks 30 in order and connecting them together. That is, the block connection body 30X is constructed by installing the blocks 30 along the direction of the arrow line 62 shown in FIGS.

  15 and FIG. 16, the block 30e shown in FIG. 17 is installed in the water W farthest from the river embankment R, and the side edge along the arrow line 62 of the block connector 30X. In the portion, blocks 30s and 30t shown in FIG. 18 are installed. Thereby, the unevenness | corrugation of the peripheral part of the arrow lines 62 and 63 direction can be decreased. In addition, since the direction in which the block 30 is installed is not limited to the above-described direction, the block connecting body 30Y can be constructed by installing the block 30 in the direction of the arrow 64 in FIGS. . In this case, as shown in FIG. 20, the arrangement postures of the blocks 30, 30s, and 30t are rotated 180 degrees from the form shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, the sheet material 40 laid between the planned installation surface P and the block 30 is suspended by the suspension member 21 for the purpose of preventing erosion. It is installed on the planned installation surface P in a state where it is attached in advance to the bottom surface of the block 30. Thereby, since the laying operation of the sheet material 40 can be performed simultaneously with the installation operation of the block 30, the work efficiency is greatly improved.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, since the adhesive layer 41 which is a joining means for connecting the sheet materials 40 laid on the planned installation surface P is provided on the edge portion of the sheet material 40, the sheet material Application work such as an adhesive for connecting the 40 members becomes unnecessary, and labor saving can be achieved.

  The block construction method of the present invention can be widely used in underwater block installation work associated with river bank protection works.

It is a perspective view which shows the use condition of the block lifting tool in the block construction method which is embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the block hanging tool use state shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the concrete block used with the block construction method of this embodiment. (A) is a top view of the block suspension shown in FIG. 1, (b) is a front view of the block suspension. FIG. 5 is a partially omitted side view of the block suspension shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 is a partially omitted enlarged view of the block suspension shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a partially omitted enlarged view of the block suspension shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a partially omitted enlarged view of the block suspension shown in FIG. It is a partially expanded front view which shows the use condition of the block hanging tool shown in FIG. It is a partially expanded front view which shows other embodiment of a block hanging tool. It is a vertical sectional view showing a slope shaping step before carrying out a block construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the slope shaping process shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the block construction method which is embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the construction state in water. It is sectional drawing which shows the block arrangement | sequence state after construction. It is a top view which shows the block arrangement | sequence state after construction. It is a perspective view of the end block shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the side block shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of the block construction method. It is a top view of the block arrangement state shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Block lifting tool 11 Support member 11f, 11g Flange 11w Web 12 Connection member 13 Locking tool 13a Locking hole 14 Cursor 15 Fixing bolt 15a Tip part 16 Wire locking part 16a Wire locking hole 17 Fork engaging part 17a Engagement Hole 18, 22a Hook 19 Marking member 19a Scale 20 Wire 21 Hanging member 22 Lifting member 23 Posture holding member 23a Support shaft 23b Rotating arm 23c Locking member 23d Elastic body 25 Block connector 26 J-shaped hook 27 Connector 30 , 30a, 30b, 30c, 30e, 30s, 30t Block 30X, 30Y Block coupling body 31 Rotating bearing groove 32 Rotating bearing projection 33, 36 Stepped portion 34 Recessed portion 35 Anchor 35a Head portion 35b Shaft portion 37 Rope 40 Sheet material 41 Adhesive layer 50 Alignment Material 51 Stopper 51a Locking part 51b Locking bolt 51c Bar member 52 Spindle 60 Crane 61 Locking pile 62, 63, 64 Arrow 70 Backhoe 70a Bucket 71, 72 Post 73, 74 Single pipe tension 76 Single pipe P Planned installation surface R River dike R1 Slope R2 River bottom 75, S Diver T Worker W Water W1, W2 Water surface

Claims (3)

A support member that can be held and moved by an elevating device such as a crane, and a plurality of flexible suspension members provided in parallel to the support member to detachably detach a plurality of blocks one by one; Use a block suspension with
A block construction method characterized in that the block suspended by the suspension member is installed on a surface to be installed in water.   The sheet material laid between the planned installation surface and the block is installed on the planned installation surface in a state where the sheet material is stuck to the block suspended by the suspension member. Block construction method.   The block construction method according to claim 2, wherein a bonding means for connecting the sheet materials laid on the planned installation surface is provided on the sheet material.

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