JP2009051783A - Insect pest exterminator derived from naturally occurring food - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exterminator that exterminates ectoparasites such as mites etc., living in livestock such as chicken etc., vegetables such as strawberry, eggplant etc., produces crops safe to consumers and is safe to operators, and an extermination method using the exterminator. <P>SOLUTION: Insect pests such as mites etc., are coated with a seaweed-derived polysaccharide to close spiracles and to suffocate insect pests to death. In order to ensure effects, specific processed articles of an aqueous solution of vegetable ash, phospholipid and chitosan are used. Raw materials for producing the exterminator are all food additives approved as foods by Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry and are processed only by a physical measure and there is no possibility of accident by take by mistake and contact by mistake. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a pesticide that eliminates ectoparasites such as mites that cause damage to agricultural products and pets that are made of natural products without using chemicals, and a method for producing the same.

Conventionally, preparations that control ectoparasites such as ticks that infest and damage livestock, dogs, cats and birds, etc. have a strictly regulated content of synthetic organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc. There were no pesticides made only from natural products that people regularly eat.
For example, organic phosphorus-based pesticides are artificially produced phosphate ester compounds, many of which are highly toxic. For example, carbamates are carbamates that inhibit pest cholinesterase and kill insects, but if they are mild to mammals such as humans, vomiting, increased salivation, diarrhea, mild miosis, etc. Cause damage.
Pyrethroid is an insecticidal component of pyrethrum (pyretrin) and a synthetic compound that is chemically structurally similar to pyrethrin, but may show symptoms such as muscle spasm, clonic spasm, and dyspnea in severe cases.

The pesticides of the present invention are extracted from foods that are regularly consumed by humans, and there are no chemical modification / synthesis processes. The plant ash added to adjust pH and improve the extermination ability is also the ash that incinerated food plants such as algae and grasses, which does not harm humans and does not pollute the environment.
There is no patent document described without similar prior art.

Conventionally, all commercially available pesticides are preparations having a possibility of adversely affecting the health of humans, livestock, pets and the like.
Examples of the problems of the prior art in some industries include the following problems. Livestock poultry industry, chickens contaminated with ectoparasites such as spider mites, birdfish mites, etc. are sprayed with dilute disinfectant, and the disinfectant disperses in feed and drinking water and drops them. Impairs the health of ingested chickens.
-Careless use will adversely affect the health of workers.
・ There are similar issues in the pig and cattle industry.

・ Harmful components may remain in chicken eggs and broilers that have consumed food and water containing pesticides, which may adversely affect consumer health.
・ Usage and concentration are regulated so as not to adversely affect the health of workers and chickens, etc. However, if insecticides with the same action point are used continuously, ectoparasites acquire resistance and are effective To lose.
-Since the processing amount is large, it is stored at a high concentration and diluted at the time of use. There have been accidents such as misconceptions with stored high-concentration stock solutions, poisoning due to prolonged contact, and death, and administrative guidance and monitoring are extremely busy to prevent accidents.

Commercial products for the pet industry and household are diluted low-concentration pesticides, but accidental ingestion and accidental accidents have occurred.
・ Even in diluted commercial products, inhalation toxicity, allergic toxicity, ocular mucosal irritation, teratogenic mutagenesis, etc. are latent.
As mentioned above, the pesticides in the poultry farming and pet industry have been exemplified, but there are similar problems in vegetable gardening, animal husbandry and household use.

While searching for means to solve these problems, I found out that seaweeds and plant extracts that people regularly eat are effective. Further, the present invention was established by confirming experimentally that chitosan liquid obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan, which is an animal polysaccharide, to water solubilization also has a controlling effect.
The found seaweed extermination function exists mainly in the water-soluble polysaccharide between the surface layer and the cells, and water extraction is possible.
In particular, this extermination function is remarkable for ectoparasites.

The raw material of the product according to the present invention is phospholipids from human algae, seaweed, shrimp meal, plants, eggs and soybeans, and does not have the toxicity of the conventional pesticides described above.
Unlike conventional pesticides, it is not necessary to limit the amount of treatment that does not harm people, livestock, or pets.
Therefore, it is possible to administer and control the amount until the pest is completely killed, and the resistance caused by incomplete insecticide can be avoided.
Furthermore, it is harmless to livestock, crops, and pets that eat or drink food or water mixed with this drug, and is even a nutrient source.
Furthermore, it is harmless for workers and frees from protective equipment and harsh and dangerous processing operations.

The basic elements of the present invention are four types: water extract of A seaweed, plant combustion ash such as B seaweed, animal polysaccharides made from crustaceans such as C shrimp and coral, and D edible phospholipids.
Each embodiment is described.
The manufacturing process of the water extract of A seaweed is shown in FIG.
The process and contents will be described. It begins with a washing process of washing seaweed that has been stored dry.
Although this process describes the process of using raw seaweed as a raw material for the purpose of explanation, salted seaweed is manufactured according to the procedure from (4) the exposure process, without requiring (4) the process until thawing. Frozen preserved seaweed is the process from step (4) thawing.

(1) Washing process: Deposits such as dust during storage are washed and removed.
(2) Swelling step: water is added to the washed seaweed to swell.
(3) Freezing step: Freezing water-swollen seaweed and damaging cell membranes and walls by volume expansion.
(4) Thawing step: Thawing.
(5) Exposing process: Unnecessary substances are exposed and removed with water.
(6) Filtration step: Filter the solid to be extracted.
(7) High-temperature treatment process: A process for facilitating extraction.
(8) Extraction step: Extraction with heated tap water.
(9) Separation step: The extracted water and the solid matter cake are filtered to obtain a clear extract.
(10) Concentration step: A product with a constant concentration is prepared in the step of adjusting the concentration.
(11) Addition of ash solution: Add ash solution to preserve the stock solution to make an alkaline solution of about pH 9.
The seaweed-derived pesticide is obtained by the above process.

The process of B plant ash liquid is shown in FIG.
As the ash liquid material of the present invention, natural organisms such as hay, trees, bamboo leaves, and dried seaweeds are suitable, but seaweeds such as laver, wakame, and kelp are most suitable. The manufacturing consideration is to complete combustion, so keep the high temperature and keep supplying enough combustion air.
Combustion ash is crushed to make it easier to dissolve in water.
Add approximately 0.2% by weight of ground ash to tap water and stir well.
Allow to stand overnight after stirring and take out only the supernatant.

FIG. 3 shows a production process in which a phospholipid is contained in a mixed chitosan solution of high and low molecules.
The method of hydrolyzing chitosan obtained by deacetylating the crustacean cuticle and solubilizing it in water is not shown in the figure because it is a known method.
The chitosan solution used for the pesticide of the present invention is prepared by mixing (19) a large molecular weight product and a low sugar product.
(17) The hydrolysis step 1 is a step of obtaining a high molecular weight chitosan solution, and a hydrolyzed product of about 6 hours in the initial stage of the process is fractionated with a short time hydrolysis solution. (18) Hydrolysis 2 is a process for producing low molecular weight chitosan, and the residual liquid fractionated in (17) Hydrolysis 1 is further produced by continuing high temperature stirring for about 6 hours.
(20) A phospholipid addition step. This process solves the problem of polysaccharides and ash not adhering to ectoparasites such as mites whose body surface is oily and imparts osmotic action. For example, lecithin is added to a stirred chitosan solution to make an emulsion.

The A seaweed extract, B ash, and C phospholipid-containing high / low molecular chitosan produced in each of the above-described steps have an extermination effect alone, but a mixture of A and B, a mixture of B and C The liquid and the mixture of ABC3 products also have an excellent effect.
The disinfecting method is to dilute the disinfectant with water to prepare a 500 to 1000 times aqueous solution treatment solution, and the treatment solution is contaminated with ectoparasites such as mites with a sprayer, Sprinkle and disinfect livestock huts and vegetable garden crops.

In the best mode for carrying out the invention described above, a pesticide and a method for producing a processing method are described which are mainly composed of A seaweed extracted polysaccharide, B ash, and C phospholipid-containing chitosan made from various seaweeds. In this example, the production method and the extermination method of the present pesticide using the dried nori seaweed produced in the largest quantity in seaweed as a raw material will be described.
300 grams of laver laver was washed with (1) water, and the laver was placed in a bowl and allowed to stand for 3 hours to dehydrate naturally. Pour water into dehydrated seaweed and leave it to 2.5 kg and let it stand for 4 hours to fully swell, “(2) Swelling step”, then dispense into a 3 cm deep, 30 cm wide, 40 cm deep aluminum box − (3) Freezing step, which was stored in a freezer at 40 ° C. and left for one day.

Frozen swollen seaweed is thawed in a bowl and thawed (“(4) thawing step”), and then poured by pouring water and exposed to “(5) exposure step”.
It was exposed until the red color of the bleached juice did not appear, and filtered through a 100 mesh wire mesh (6) A residue containing water was obtained in the filtration step. This residue was subjected to (7) high temperature treatment in an autoclave set at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes. This residue was placed in a stirring tank in which a 90 ° C. seaweed ash solution was circulated, and 50 liters of hot water was added, followed by extraction for 24 hours to extract “(8) extraction step”.

A coarse residue was removed from the extract with a 100 mesh wire net, and fine cloth filtration was repeated step by step to obtain 40 liters of a clear extract (“(9) Separation step”).
The clarity of the clarified extract was as high as that of the suction filtrate by Advantech filter paper No. 6 at Buchner funnel. (Visually)
Of course, a continuous high-speed centrifuge is used for industrial mass production.

The next step is (10) a concentration step. A dilute solution easy to extract in this step was concentrated to obtain a product having a constant polysaccharide concentration.
The equipment used in this process is a large rotary evaporator, but the target product is a polysaccharide derived from seaweed that does not change even at a high temperature of 80 ° C. A process is unnecessary.

(11) Addition of lye in the next step is a step of adding an aqueous solution of seaweed or plant ash prepared in advance. In this example, an example of using an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving incinerated ash of unused laver with tap water Indicates.
The dried laver 6 kg was completely incinerated to obtain 3.7 kg laver ash. 40 g of this laver ash was put into 40 liters of stirring tap water, stirred for 8 hours, and then allowed to stand overnight, and only the supernatant was collected the next morning. This supernatant was an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH of 12.00.

This nori ash solution was added to the extract that had been concentrated in the (10) concentration step to obtain a nori extract polysaccharide solution having a pH of 9.
1 liter of nori extract with this ash solution added is diluted with 500 liters of tap water to make a 500-fold treatment solution. When the ectoparasite wolf spider is captured and sprayed from the poultry farm, the behavior of the spider becomes slow, and two days later. Died.
Furthermore, when the body surface of the dead wolf spider was observed with a microscope, countless granular inflammation had developed.
FIG. 7 shows the production process of C yolk lecithin-containing high / low molecular chitosan.
300 liters of tap water was put into a tank in which hot water of 80 ° C. was flowed on the bottom surface and the wall surface, stirred and heated to 75 ° C.
(117) Hydrolysis 1: 5 kg of chitosan powder and 9 kg of dietary orthophosphoric acid were added to this warmed water, and heating and stirring were continued. 150 liters for the latter half of 6 hours were collected and allowed to stand at room temperature.
(118) Hydrolysis 2: The remaining half of 150 liters was kept at 75 ° C. and stirring was continued. After 6 hours, a low-molecular chitosan aqueous solution with low viscosity was obtained.

150 liters of this low molecular weight chitosan aqueous solution was added with 150 liters of hydrolyzed polymer chitosan aqueous solution, and the heating was stopped and stirring was performed (119).
The next step is the (120) egg yolk lecithin addition step. In this process, the hydrophilic chitosan solution of phospholipid lecithin spreads easily on the body surface of ectoparasites such as the vaccinia, which are hydrophobic. A chitosan-treated solution was prepared by diluting chitosan mixed with high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight added egg yolk lecithin with 500 liters of tap water.
When this treatment solution was sprayed on the ectoparasite spider mite growing on the bamboo leaf, the treatment solution penetrated and expanded. Necrotic after a few days from the next morning.

As described above, A seaweed extract, B ash, and C phospholipid-containing high- and low-molecular chitosan are effective, but have a slow effect.
The pesticide of Example 2 is a pesticide obtained by mixing approximately 50% of a high and low molecular weight chitosan solution containing C phospholipid with approximately 50% of a solution obtained by adding and dissolving B ash solution to A seaweed extract.
The amount ratio of these two liquids varies depending on the target insect pest, but in this example, 50% of each was mixed.

In order to confirm the effect of this pesticide, a spider was captured from a poultry farm where the ectoparasite “Wakumo” was breeding and experimented with the apparatus shown in FIG.
Objective To confirm the sensitivity of the pesticide according to the present invention [(A laver extract + B ash) + (C egg yolk lecithin-containing chitosan solution)].
・ Devices Three devices shown in FIG. (201) Bamboo vinegar is placed between (201) outer vessel and (202) inner vessel. It is a container for constants that uses the habit of a spider that does not approach bamboo vinegar.
One of them is used for the control group.
One is used for the test section.
The other one is used to select and capture healthy duck spiders.

・ Test Wakumo About 500 wolf spiders caught on the farm were dropped on the internal device for selective capture, and the healthy wolf sprawled up the wall was captured and used for the experiment.
-Reagents The pesticide of the present invention [(A nori extract + B ash) + (C egg yolk lecithin-containing chitosan solution)]

・ Experiment 100 energetic dogs were released into both the control and test areas. Each spider began to run violently as soon as it was released, and was scattered all over the vessel.
In the control group, water was sprayed, and in the test group, tap water was sprayed with a treatment solution diluted 200 times with the present pesticide to wash out the spider.
Since it was difficult to wash off with the water spray in the control area, it was dropped with a small brush or a spatula, but after about 15 minutes, about 40 animals ran up to the wall.
The washed spider in the test area does not move at all.

Overnight, 58 animals in the control group were scattered on the wall surface, 29 animals were floating on the water reservoir made of the bottom spray, and 11 animals were sinking.
When the flash was continuously applied, the wall-shaped spiders started to move all at once, and the liquid surface spider began to move, but the sinking spider did not move.
After one week, 7 out of 100 spiders in the test area moved to the wall and necrotized, and the others were dried and killed at the positions as they were treated.
As shown in this example, it was confirmed that the present pesticide has a slow but excellent extermination effect.

In recent years, people's health protection has been strongly screamed. In particular, food safety is a major concern.
On the other hand, food accidents have also occurred due to the control of ectoparasites and the abuse and misuse of pesticides.
The general consumer who eats seeks safe and reasonably priced foods, and the agricultural and fishery industry who produces food is eager to develop a reasonably priced pesticide that is safe and effective for food.
Describes pesticides, special pesticides, and quasi drugs that are commercially available.
Problems regarding the control of the most abundant insect pests are described in (0005) to (0008) of this specification.

Agricultural producers expect the practical application of this pesticide in terms of crop safety, worker safety, and pesticide price.
Agricultural chemicals used by 3 million households nationwide total 60 billion yen, and the potential demand for the pesticide according to the present invention is 20 billion yen.

The seaweed extract manufacturing process of this invention is shown. The ash liquid manufacturing process of this invention is shown. The manufacturing process of the high and low molecular chitosan containing phospholipid of this invention is shown. 1 shows the experimental apparatus of the present invention. The nori extract manufacturing process of this invention is shown. The nori ash liquid manufacturing process of this invention is shown. The egg yolk lecithin containing high and low molecular chitosan manufacturing process of this invention is shown.

Explanation of symbols

(1) Washing process (2) Water swelling process
(3) Freezing step (4) Thawing step (5) Exposure step (6) Filtration step (7) High temperature treatment step (8) Extraction step (9) Separation step (10) Concentration step (11) Ash liquid addition step (12 ) Ash liquid raw material (13) Pesticide raw material (14) Drying step (15) Firing step (16) Dissolving in tap water (17) Hydrolysis step 1 (18) Hydrolysis step 2 (19) Mixing step (20) Phospholipid addition process (201) Outer device (202) Inner device (203) Bamboo vinegar solution (204) Spider group (101) Paste washing step (102) Paste water swelling step
(103) Paste freezing step (104) Paste thawing step (105) Paste exposure step (106) Paste filtration step (107) Paste high temperature treatment step (108) Paste liquid extraction step (109) Individual liquid separation step (110) Paste solution Concentration process (111) Paste ash liquid addition process (112) Paste ash liquid raw material (113) Paste extractant (114) Paste drying process
(115) Paste firing step (116) Step of dissolving paste ash in tap water
(117) Hydrolysis 1 (118) Hydrolysis 2
(119) Mixed (120) Egg yolk lecithin added

Claims (6)

  Disperse and apply a treatment solution obtained by diluting the extract extracted from seaweed with water to agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits, soil and facilities, livestock products such as chickens, cattle and pigs, and ectoparasites parasitic on livestock houses. Pesticides and methods.   Disinfectant and extermination by spraying and applying a treatment solution in which plant ash is dissolved in water to agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits, soil and facilities, livestock products such as chickens, cattle and pigs, and ectoparasites parasitic on barns. Method.   A pesticide prepared by diluting a chitosan solution hydrolyzed in two stages, high and low, with water. A disinfectant and disinfecting method for disinfecting the disinfectant by spraying the disinfectant on agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits, soil and facilities, livestock products such as chickens, cattle and pigs, and ectoparasites parasitic on barns. A disinfectant obtained by emulsifying the water-solubilized chitosan solution according to claim 3 by adding phospholipids with stirring. A disinfectant and a disinfecting method for disinfecting the disinfectant by spraying the disinfectant on agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits, soil and facilities, livestock products such as chickens, cattle and pigs, and ectoparasites parasitizing the barn.   A pesticide obtained by adding an aqueous solution of plant ash to the chitosan solution according to claim 3. An ectoparasite control agent obtained by mixing a solution obtained by adding a phospholipid to the water-soluble chitosan solution according to claim 5 and mixing an aqueous solution of plant ash with the extract extracted from seaweed according to claim 1. .

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