JP2009045556A - Scaly or strip material floating on water surface and device using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control paddy field weeds by a floating material for decorating the water surface, spraying of water grass seeds, and light shielding for agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry; to easily form a light shielding system and a chemical spraying system with a material sustained releasing agricultural chemicals for a countermeasure to microcystis or blue-green algae, fertilizer effect components and microorganisms, a soil improving material, an adsorbed hazardous substance-decomposing material, and a material for preventing harmful aquatic insects and pollution; to efficiently recover used material; to treat document waste paper for security protection. <P>SOLUTION: Coloring materials or effective components are added to strips, such as paper pieces, to make them float on the water surface. A carbonized material, a dissimilar product and the like can be used together. Light shielding, application of the effective components, and enabling recovery enable control of weeds, alga, and harmful organisms and prevention of overdosage. A scaly or strip material floating on water surface can be also used for decoration and as a sustained release material. A paper piece, a waste paper piece, a carbonized material, a semi-carbonized material, a particulate of heat-treated material, or a molding is treated with a hydrophobic material, preferably with oil-and-fat having a low specific gravity, a hydrocarbon such as paraffin, a fatty acid and/or a polyvalent metal compound, and the buoyancy of the treated material is adjusted to obtain a hydrophobic floating paper piece, a particulate, a flake or the like. The scaly or strip material floating on water surface can be recovered when performing labor-saving spraying without scattering of chemicals. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

      The present invention relates to the use of new water-floating materials suitable for solving problems in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and environmental fields, as well as manufacturing methods and equipment. Paper pieces, vegetable flakes or strips or carbides thereof are preferably used, and air bubbles are preferably present inside the pieces. Water-repellent and water-repellent floatable materials are herbicides, anti-parasitic, floating bait floating bait, bait for attracting and extinguishing fish, light absorption by shading, pesticides, fertilizing ingredients, etc. It is useful in the field of spraying materials, water evaporation control, snow melting material, oil film sedimentation prevention, water surface purification material, filter material, and microorganisms. In addition, after using the function, it can be easily collected by filtration using the floating property. By using various raw materials and versatile use, we will make effective use of unused resources such as waste paper, fiber, organic waste and biomass, and keep confidential and efficient use of waste paper and waste paper.

One inventor's patent 27093057 Pulverized coal is Okara carbide and is useful as fuel, soil disinfectant, soil conditioner, water purification carbon, feed and fertilizer. Furthermore, there is a method of use with the present invention-related Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-79717, which is applied to the present invention, and porous clogging is performed with inorganic salts and particles, followed by water and oil repellent materials. Processing. It describes the prevention of weeds in paddy fields, red tides in lakes, prevention of algae, semi-carbonization, water and oil repellent waterproofing particles. JP-A-2001-112358 Weed Generation Inhibitor for Paddy Field Granules or lumps having a specific gravity of 1 or less obtained by kneading and solidifying or foaming and solidifying inorganic substances such as carbon and extenders such as thermoplastic resin polyethylene and gelatin. Settle on the bottom of the water and shield from light. JP-A 2004-522831 Inorganic powder for film filling is coated with siloxane and fatty acid to make it hydrophobic Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-194337 Water- and oil-repellent powder A cosmetic comprising a powder covered with a rubber elastic film and a surface treated with a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester JP-A 2000-327501 Weed Generation Inhibitor JP 2001-204273 paddy field weed control material (black carbon fine particle coated rice husk, does not float on water surface) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-113012 Ikenuma Aoko Control Granules (Floating Sawdust, Binding Material) JP-A-2004-305972 Light-shielding floating body (using plastic film) The binder which hardens physically and / or chemically is modified with fats and oils, in particular with fatty acid or fatty alcohol esters, in particular with higher fatty acid triglycerides, preferably with natural fats and oils. These can be added to the synthetic polymer in high concentrations. 1. A physically and / or chemically curable binder characterized by containing a fatty compound. 2. The binder according to claim 1, comprising 0.5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 15 to 40% by weight of a fatty compound, based on the whole binder. Takaoka Pyrolysis of organic carbonaceous materials Low-temperature combustion chemical equipment (7) 39 (1996)

In paddy fields, lakes, ponds, puddles, aquariums, etc., acquisition of decorative floats, control of weeds, algae, plankton, etc. by shading, shade for fish, aquatic organisms, colored paper on soil surface, carbon Obtain general-purpose floating paper pieces, flake-like or strip-like water surface floats, their carbides, semi-carbides, heat-treated dark-colored floating strips for the purpose of uniform dispersion of properties, etc. And cost reduction.
In addition, there are no pesticides and reduced pesticides due to shading of the water surface and bottom of the water, as well as chemical spraying that uses sustained release performance, fertilization labor saving, ponds, lakes, seaweed, red tide control, and pesticide sustained release materials. It can be mosquito larvae, moths, harmful fish, small animals. And after exhibiting an effect and exterminating, suspended matter is easily collect | recovered by this invention. In addition, versatile products such as control of water evaporation from the water surface, flotation, and the elimination of small animals such as mosquitoes can be manufactured from various raw materials, and diversified raw materials and expanded applications can be used to utilize unused biomass resources such as thinned wood and undergrowth. To. For this purpose, the entire process from raw material procurement to manufacturing, utilization, recovery and recycling is stabilized and the cost is reduced.

It was not easy to maintain the floatability of paper or thin pieces of wood, bamboo, etc., and their carbides. Low-cost production method obtained Water surface coating or floating paper pieces for uniform settling to the bottom of the water, supply of large quantities of flakes (including flakes, pellets, agglomerates, etc.), simple usage, recovery, and reuse There wasn't. Unlike conventional methods, auxiliary materials such as carbon black, activated carbon, and organic carbides are not used, or the amount is limited to a small amount and food additives, biodegradable substances, harmless organic or inorganic substances are used. Is preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing floating property and avoiding harmful effects.

It was necessary to be able to easily dispose of as a by-product of agriculture, forestry and fishery, reuse of used collected materials, penetration into the field as a fertilizer soil improvement material, and fuel.

Light-shielding paper and plastic films called mulch are consumables and generally require dedicated machines.
Moreover, it was difficult to enter the paddy field and the water surface freely. In the method of covering rice paddies with black-dyed rice husks, there was a problem of uniform spraying, and in the case of floating on the surface, scattering by wind was also a problem. Uniform spraying on the surface or bottom of the water is troublesome. Ink-like black emulsions and colored molasses have the disadvantages of dilution loss during rain and water pollution.
In the first invention, it was easy to float the suspended carbide, disperse and settle on the water surface, but it was desired to improve the cost.
The application of pesticides on the surface of water was abolished or stopped to a minimum level to prevent environmental pollution and the health hazards of sprayers and neighbors, but there was no solution.
To prevent excessive use of fertilizer, it is necessary to uniformly apply a small amount. Phosphoric acid content and the like are preferably soluble in order to prevent outflow, and it was easy to uniformly disperse okara carbide and the like. However, it was not easy to maintain the light-shielding suspended matter on the water surface for a long time at a low cost and collect it later.

Seaweed, lakes, ponds, aquatic plants in aquaculture, blue sea urchin, red tide prevention, shading, uniform spraying of inhibitor and sustainability of effects were problems.
Excess pesticide administration due to absorption from roots and leaves has been a problem with other pesticides for rice.
Biomass carbide for light shielding is hydrophilic and has no water surface floatability. The light shielding plastic sphere was expensive. In pelletization by encapsulation, there is a problem in that the amount of binder used is large.
What reduced the weight of carbide using a plastic binder required a material with a high binder ratio and a low price.
Efficient or simple control methods with low-concentration chemicals were necessary to control harmful larvae of varicella, especially mosquito larvae, moths and harmful fish.
It was convenient in terms of environmental problems and costs to be able to collect and reuse used materials and adjust the rise and fall times.
The present invention solves such problems.

Paper, thin wood, twigs, leaves, split chopsticks, toothpicks, etc. are processed and spread on the surface of the water, and in black and dark processed products, the generation of algae and water tanks is suppressed by shading to float fertilizers and chemicals To do. The thin film group can be easily spread on the surface of the water by vibration or wave motion by the lubricated surface processing. By using a water-repellent material having a specific gravity of 1 or less, such as animal and vegetable fats and oils such as beef tallow, wax, paraffin, etc., stable buoyancy adjustment processing can be performed on paper pieces, wood strips, thin pieces, carbides and semi-carbides.
In order to impart a water repellent, a buoyancy increasing agent by adjusting the specific gravity, a floating flake on the water surface, and a spreading performance of the fine strip, a broad surface as a lubricating surface processing material, that is, natural wax, hard wax, paraffin, oil, fatty acid, Aliphatic alcohols, silicone compounds, and the like are suitable. Particularly, fats and waxes in a broad sense that are solid at normal temperature to high temperature, and those having a specific gravity of 1 or less are preferable for maintaining stable floating properties. A small amount of a fluorinated water repellent may be used. It is also possible to add an impregnated oil or the like to which light stability, a stabilizer for controlling microbial degradation, a sterilizing material, and an accelerator are added. In order to maintain buoyancy and buoyancy, this is advantageous in order to maintain the stretch performance stably even in relatively hot water outdoors.

When a pigment such as carbon black is mixed with paraffin and a high-concentration product is applied to paper, a phenomenon of coating film peeling occurs. Therefore, flexibility, soft fats and oils as adjunct auxiliary materials, liquid oils, drying oils, fatty acids, and metal soaps as dispersing agents can be added. It may be lead-free boiled oil, synthetic boiled oil, EVA, walk bar, acrylic acid polymer, polylactic acid, polyoxycaproic acid and the like.
As the coloring material, carbon black, oily smoke, carbide, dye, petal, organic pigment and the like, a dispersing agent, glue as a binder, gelatin, acrylic acid polymer and the like can be used. The formulation can be easily determined by a water surface floating duration measurement experiment.

Shading on the water surface was difficult. Both paper pieces and fully carbonized carbides easily sink in water. Okara carbon is porous and light, but the true specific gravity of carbon is greater than 1.5, and there are many open cells, making it difficult to float. Since water penetrates into the pores, long-term floating is difficult.
On the other hand, it can be used that paper and wood have an apparent specific gravity of about 1 and a true specific gravity of about 1.5 or less. Many semi-carbides corresponding to the middle can be used.
On the other hand, since thin paper is translucent, black, dark or covering pigments, processed materials that shield specific light wavelengths, and water-repellent material dispersions may be used. Application, immersion, spraying, printing, transfer It is appropriate to print.
Thin paper may be stacked and processed to increase thickness and air inclusion. It can be applied to newspapers.
It may be processed and cut, and the cut product may be processed to be colored and water repellent oil, fatty acid, its metal soap, wax, paraffin, known water repellent, water repellant, water repellant, waterproof and floatation.

As the dispersion, waxy materials, oils and fats, and synthetic polymers can be used, but those having a specific gravity of 1 or less are preferred.
Fatty acids and their metal soaps can prevent or reduce bleed and sticking of low molecular weight components of solid fats and blended liquid oils, and can increase and adjust buoyancy.
These can be mixed and applied. Water-based paints, printing inks, black ink (including chemical ink) may be uniformly applied, or may be printed, dried, and water-repellent processed with oil-based inks or paints that are colored or contain coloring materials. The dispersion can be applied as an aqueous or molten solution, and can be applied or dipped by a known apparatus, instrument, or method. It is excellent in terms of quality that it is applied so as to be printed on roll paper or cut paper, and after drying and fixing, water repellent oil and fat, wax, paraffin and polymer are applied, dipped or sprayed.

Colored waste paper can be made water-resistant and light-proof by waterproofing or water-repellent finishing. Water-resistant thick paper such as milk, beverages, and water paper packs may be cut and used without processing, but air heating or water repellent addition, spraying, Immersion, coating, fluidized bed spraying, and injection processing may be performed.
The light-shielding ink and paint can be applied by controlling the necessary characteristics such as permeability, capillary clogging control, adhesion, water resistance, durability, and flexibility by known techniques. Non-toxicity, biodegradability, non-toxicity of degradation products, and environmental compatibility can also be imparted by known techniques.
The process of clogging with inorganic material on the processed paper itself is rather hydrophilic, but it becomes water-repellent by water-repellent processing, and wood chips and kana scraps are similarly light-shielded, water-repellent, and waterproofed by application, immersion, etc. It becomes a floating thin piece and a thin piece light shielding material. Labor saving, cost reduction, utilization of unused resources, environmental and waste measures can be achieved at the same time.

You can use postcards, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, waste envelopes, and office documents.
The black color processing may be a paste, ink, black ink, carbon black, charcoal, finely pulverized product of paper charcoal, and the like, which are glue, gelatin, poval, EVA strengthened as a protective colloid and an additive.
As the dispersion medium, water, alcohols, organic solvents or a mixture thereof can be used.
You may use stabilizers, such as antioxidant, surfactant, and antiseptic | preservative.
You can also use waste paper that has been shredded. Apply thinly on a plate or belt and apply it once or more with spraying, rolls, transfer rolls, brushes, etc., with or without using a presser net or cloth, or by a known method such as dipping or draining Can be manufactured.

The light shielding material may be a piece of paper or a woody piece, and the cut piece may have a flat or irregular cross section.
This is useful for preventing the wind from blowing into the air when deployed on the water surface.
A new or waste paper pack paper piece may be colored or water-resistant processed or made into a floating paper piece of a predetermined size without being processed, and a floating material connected by thread or string-like connecting means. it can.

The base paper or the waste container of the milk pack is unfolded and cut into an appropriate size, so that it floats on the surface as it is and can be unfolded and used as a light shielding material. Colored float processing is also possible.
Furthermore, if it connects with a line | wire, a string, etc., the collection | recovery from a water surface can be implemented also by winding, without blowing off to a wind. The gaps can be shielded by other flaky or strip-like floating materials, carbon strips or powder particles, or pellet-like floating materials. Unlike paper mulch and poly mulch, it has the advantage that humans and machines can enter as well as flakes and strips.
The advantage of the slightly large and wide flaky or strip-like floating connection is that it can be spread and stored easily, and can be spread with herbicides, insecticides and other spraying work, and a chemical fertilizer is attached to the floating itself. Alternatively, it is possible to attach a water surface purification material and easily collect it if necessary. The filament material is preferably lightweight and does not impair buoyancy.
Natural, synthetic polymers, metal threads, strings, metal wires, tapes and the like are preferably water resistant, weather resistant, and light sensitive materials. One or more can be spelled on a line or in a mesh.
You may connect with a bridge line in the main point after spelling in linear form.

As the light shielding material, biomass or a carbide or semi-carbide thereof can be used as the flake-like or strip-like water surface floating material of the present invention. It is desirable for them to be able to float and sink according to the size of the water surface, preventing wind blowing and blowing. It is a float and can sink when the light-shielding material is extended, helping the extension, and after the extension, a face or a maze can be formed with a face on the water surface.
Many types of waste paper are often collected in small quantities, and even the same type can be obtained from dispersed sources with various quality and form. In order to float such raw materials, it is easy and appropriate to use oils, waxes, paraffins and polyethylenes having a low specific gravity. The wood can be easily used after being clogged if necessary. It can also be attached to a piece of paper as a floater.

Various types and miscellaneous paper pieces can be semi-carbonized to make the raw material uniform. Heat treatment or carbonization, semi-carbonization, and high-temperature drying are suitable in a fluidized bed (or spouted bed, the same applies hereinafter) apparatus. This is because the fluidized bed has excellent temperature controllability and uniformity.

As a result of research, heat treatment is performed at a temperature and treatment time near the boundary between carbonization and semi-carbonization, and it is suitable for hydrophobic treatment and / or clogging treatment with a hydrophobic material. . Appropriate conditions can be determined by tar content, odor, presence of smoke, volatile content by industrial analysis, and floatation test of processed products. In particular, it is easy to use the ups and downs test.

It is semi-carbonized and self-generated hydrophobic oil that can be floated. Hydrophobic substances (including water repellents, water and oil repellents, etc.) can be used for enhancement. To attach or spray water repellent material or the like on the surface of a piece of paper, semi-carbide, etc., the cut pieces from the document cutting machine are spread on a plate, a belt conveyor, or a fluidized bed, a vibrating fluidized bed, a stirred fluidized bed, A spouted bed, a spouted bed, or a strong stirring mixer can be used. This is because the contact is good and can be uniformly processed, and the surface becomes uniform. The fluidized bed apparatus is easy for water-repellent control with uniform heat treatment by attaching a hydrophobic substance, product quality and uniformity, and compounding control.

(Carking and utility of flakes and flakes) Dead leaves exist in large quantities as unused resources in addition to compost. The pulverized product has a scaly shape depending on the pulverization conditions, and the carbide that leaves the flaky shape floats flat on the water surface. In this state, as in the case of a piece of paper, even if the hydrostatic pressure of the water is low and the water repellency is weak, the water immersion speed is low and the air floats for a relatively long time. Depending on the type of organic raw material, it can be floated for several days just by leaving the tar content by semi-carbonization. The conditions of brown, dark brown or black and the remaining tar content can be achieved by semi-carbonization at a predetermined temperature in a suitable temperature range of 2 10 to 300 ° C. in a fluidized bed for a predetermined time. This condition can be easily selected by experiment. According to the present invention, a floating piece can be easily formed by clogging or / and water repellent treatment. If the apparent specific gravity of a single particle or molded product is 1 or less as a raw material, long-term suspension is considered possible according to the present invention. These carbides and semi-carbides, for example, tar, pitch, starch, activated sludge from food wastewater, pulp waste liquid, synthetic or natural polymer, molasses, etc. are subjected to heat treatment such as carbonization as a caking or filling material if necessary. Can be a floating material.

As a filling auxiliary material, insoluble precipitates, fine particles, carbon black, soot, carbon fine particles, wood powder, bentonite, and useful components may be included for reinforcement. Carbon black, finely powdered activated carbon, soot, finely powdered charcoal, etc. can be used in combination with a hydrophobic water repellent and other polymers, and can also be used as a black colorant and a filling material. By these, the penetration | invasion to the pore of the water at the time of water immersion can be prevented or a penetration | invasion speed | rate can be adjusted, and a settlement speed and a settlement ratio can be adjusted. There has been no such technique in the past. Being able to control the penetration of water into the floating material can control the leakage and diffusion of chemicals and the like, and can exhibit sustained release properties of drugs, fertilizers and the like.
Then, after the removal, the suspended matter can be recovered by water flow or water surface sweeping and circulation filtration after the extermination, and the drug exposure more than necessary can be prevented.

In hydrophobic processing, water repellents or waterproofing agents, hydrophobic paraffin oils, solid paraffins, fatty acids such as stearic acid, or metal salts thereof are useful for reducing stickiness of fats and oils.
The adhesion amount of the hydrophobic substance is suitably about 3 times or less with respect to the dried product. It can be determined by the floating performance and processing effect. Depending on the conditions, the hydrophobized material can be suppressed to about 0.01 to 5% of the floating particles or molded product. Carbides and molded products with a true specific gravity greater than 1 require extra pores, pores, and voids containing air and other gases to maintain buoyancy, and are water and water repellent and hydrophobizing agents such as oils and fats with a specific gravity greater than 1. It is preferable not to fill it with a packing material. Set conditions so that clogging is performed efficiently. In particular, it is preferable to use a fluidized bed having excellent contact efficiency with a solid gas for the surface treatment with a finished hydrophobic material. It is also preferable to use a small amount of hydrophobizing agent having a specific gravity of less than 1.

A light-shielding material that uniformly covers the surface of the water or the bottom of the water can be obtained depending on the material selection and formulation of the floatation treatment, the duration of the floatation, from a short time of minutes, to a period of weeks to months. The conventional method was either floating or sinking. In the present invention, by adjusting the settling time, the water surface and the bottom of the water can be uniformly and light-shielded simultaneously by spreading on the water surface and then sinking at a constant rate.
It is also possible to sink all and cover only the bottom of the water. This is advantageous for drug distribution.
(I) Light-shielding properties, (b) Sustained release properties of drugs or fertilizers, (c) Types of sustained-release microorganisms, (2) For dilute transport, etc. Using one or a mixture of strips (including powder or moldings), spread on the water surface, set a part or all of it down after a predetermined time, and spray on the bottom of the water or stay on the water surface and collect it after a predetermined time You can also

In the production and use of suspended solids, continuous floating, temporary floating, constant rate sedimentation or total sedimentation time can be controlled, floating paper pieces, flakes, powder particles, flakes with two or more functions and various sedimentation times, Pellets and agglomerates can be mixed. For light-shielding or containing paper containing agrochemicals, fertilizers, etc., powder or molded product pellets, flakes, etc., can be spread evenly, or evenly administered with drugs, specified using oil fences, etc. Enables regional administration. The partition wall or tube for collection or partitioning may be a floating body, so that it is simpler than the dust or pesticide spray protection screen. In addition, it can be adjusted with products with different deposition thickness, density distribution, and various light shielding performance at any time so that there is partial light transmission from zero light transmittance, adjustable light shielding layer for controlling weeding, weeds, algae, plankton Can be saved at low cost.
The floating paper pieces, flakes, and strips of the present invention encapsulated or impregnated with insecticides and bactericides are allowed to settle after spreading on the surface of the water to reach the desired range near the sediment where mosquito larvae, pests and bacteria live. Highly uniform drug concentration can be administered, and the entire habitat can be controlled with a small amount of drug. There may be some water flow.

The light-shielding layer on the water surface is characterized by a self-healing action even if there are holes or bias. If the light shielding property is insufficient, it can be easily replenished. A thing floating on the water surface for a long time is also obtained, and it is possible to cover the water surface and the bottom of the water and to allow partially transmitted light from black to dark colored carbides with a transmittance of zero. Light colors and highly reflective talc, bentonite, and pigment can be attached to a piece of paper by low-temperature heat treatment.
In order to prevent planar deviation of the suspended matter, the linear connecting means or a ladder-like partition network can be used.

Another feature is that it can be easily collected. Enables efficient recovery and utilization of used materials. Commonly used for solving the above-mentioned problems, using raw materials such as waste paper, which are relatively inexpensive, including blending, has high flexibility in terms of raw materials, products, and uses.

This property can be used for drug distribution. In other words, the drug, fertilizer, fertilizers, trace components, microorganisms, etc. are included in the floating paper strips, powder particles, etc. at any appropriate stage of the process by inclusion or impregnation, and evenly on the water surface and / or bottom by controlled release. Drugs can also be sprayed. Weed control by shading, prevention of red tides, algae, etc. and the application of these substances can be achieved simultaneously. Fine flocculated Okara carbide and semi-carbide floating materials are characterized by light shielding, spraying performance and their own fertilizing performance at the same time. Suspended material can be easily placed in a water stream or collected by a fence. Furthermore, the hydrophobic lipophilic processed paper pieces and vegetable strips can be conveniently used for recovering surface floating oil using these properties. Stored products as shading materials can be used for snowmelt accelerators, retarders, oil spills and can be used without special storage for emergency use. Note that the molded product of the floating material paper modification, powder particles, flakes and the like of the present invention is a hydrophobic substance and has an advantage that it can be easily separated and filtered from water.

FIG. 1 is an example of an apparatus for spreading flaky or strip-like water surface floats on the water surface of a water channel that may be a paddy field, a water surface, a ditch or a culvert. A padding device moving mechanism including a floating substance storage tank and a supply mechanism connected thereto and a feed mechanism by water flow or a water surface swing mechanism are provided in a paddy field or a passage.
Floating powder particles and the like are supplied from the particle storage tank 1 to the water surface 6 while being adjusted by the damper 3. The water surface floats in a floating state due to the inertia of the falling speed and spreads in a band shape or a fan shape depending on the chute shape. In the case where a thin deposition layer is formed but there is a partial bias, feed water flow, vibration, wave motion, rocking, etc. are given to the water surface.
Positional movement, change of direction, perforated pipe, supply of flaky or strip-like surface floating material in the overflow distributing trough, and spreading on the water flow from the water distribution pipe 13 in the field direction. When the supply point of 2 is set to one or more decimal points, the discharge efficiency of the chute and / or the water flow distribution pipe can be changed to a plurality of directions, or the head can be swung to increase the dispersion efficiency.

  FIG. 2 is a cross section of a light shielding layer and a decorative layer formed on the surface of the water so as to overlap each other. The layer thickness and the overlap affect the light shielding property and decoration.

  Mixed use is possible in the use of floating material functional bodies such as paper pieces and powder particles. Continuous floating, temporary floating, constant rate or time to settle the whole amount can be controlled, enabling uniform planar dispersion without scattering. It was found that when water repellency or hydrophobicity was given to this, it floated for a certain period of time. This property can be used for concentration on the water surface and bottom of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc. by controlling the sedimentation time. It can be used to prevent weed germination on the bottom of the water, inhibit bud growth, sterilization, bactericides, fertilizers and pesticides to rice roots. This can be allowed to settle over a short period of time from a short period of time or days. Byproducts of food production, for example, extraction residues such as okara carbon, coffee and tea, wood processing waste, biomass such as leaves, fallen leaves, twigs and other flakes, strips and their carbides are usually hydrophilic. When the present invention is applied to these, the water immersion rate into the pores can be suppressed for a short time of about 10 minutes to 24 hours. Long-term floatability can also be imparted.

Paper, branches, leaves, wood flakes, their carbides, semi-carbides, and heat-treated products are water-repellent or hydrophobized, and if necessary, they are clogged to produce light-shielding, decorative, agrochemical, fertilizer, sustained release flakes, powder Grains and moldings were obtained. The floating time and settling time could be adjusted freely.
Prevents the generation and growth of weeds in paddy fields and saves the use or saving of herbicides.
A sustained-release adsorbent or a capsule-like performance can be imparted. Moreover, the concentration of water, bottom, aquatic pesticides and fertilizers can be concentrated at the necessary locations by floating and settling. Pest control is also possible.
If necessary, it can be spread evenly by vibration, wave motion, mechanical leveling, etc. on the water surface, eliminating the need for excessive pesticides and fertilizers.
Unused agricultural, forestry and fishery resources, organic waste such as city and office garbage, and paper waste can be used.
A uniform product can be obtained by selecting and using a fluidized bed, a spouted layer, a vibrating fluidized layer, etc. for coating, carbonization, and semi-carbonization, and water repellency such as fats and oils, waterproofing agents, coating materials, dipping, and filling materials can be saved.
Flotation materials with different sedimentation performance, agricultural chemical performance, and fertilization effect can be selected or blended.

  Eight examples will be described.

Commercial black ink was applied to one side of the A4 tea envelope in black on the front and back, and after drying, beef tallow for reagent in which stearic acid was dissolved was melted and cooled. The dissolution and coating temperature was 100 ° C.
The tea envelope was 2.7 grams, the solid content of the ink was 1.1 grams, and the top coat beef tallow composition was a composition comprising stearic acid 0.8 grams and beef tallow 1.4 grams. The black processed paper coated with this melted water repellent and cooled was applied to a cutting machine to form a 3 mm square strip-like water surface float. This product was supplied to one end of the water surface filled with water and spread with a scissors to form a light-shielding thin layer. After 30 days, the residual rate of suspended matter was 95.8%, and the black light-shielding thin layer corresponding to 1 to 3 sheets was retained.
Commercially available black ink contains carbon black using poval as a colloidal dispersion stabilizer.
Instead of carbon black, it may contain glue, gelatin, hydrophilic polymer, filler instead of carbon black, plant carbide pulverized powder, pulverized charcoal, powdered activated carbon, inorganic charcoal, etc. It may be a combination that has a clogging effect. A base paper or a processing material containing an additive surface processing agent could be similarly processed as a processed paper. The suitability of the paper was test processed and could be determined by a float test.
(Control example) A piece of paper that was not water-repellent with beef tallow settled 90% within 30 minutes.

  In Example 1, A4 PPC waste paper was used as the base paper, and the rest was the same. In the first stage, the poval-containing black ink solid content was 0.3 gram with respect to 4.0 gram of paper, and the top coat beef tallow composition was composed of 4.2 grams of calcium stearate and 4.2 grams of beef tallow. After 30 days, the remaining suspended matter was 93.3%, and the black light-shielding thin layer was retained.

In Example 1, the newspaper was cut into A4 as the base paper, and the rest was the same. As a first step, 0.3 g of poval-containing black ink solids was used per 2.9 g of paper, and the top-coated beef tallow composition was coated with 1.8 g of tallow containing 12.2% stearic acid. After 30 days, the residual ratio of the suspended matter was 85.2%.
The black light-shielding thin layer was retained.
When liquid paraffin was used in place of the silicone resin-based water repellent in the water repellent treatment of paper, liquid paraffin was sprayed on 4 g of carbide to make 0.3 g adhere. After 30 days, the residual rate of suspended matter was 93.3%, and the black light-shielding layer was retained.

In Example 3, a waste postcard was used as the base paper, and the rest was the same. In the first stage, the poval-containing black ink solid content was the same, and 0.7 g of beef tallow containing 12.2% stearic acid was applied to 2.9 g of paper. After 30 days, the suspended matter remained at 85.2%, and the black light-shielding thin layer was retained.
Liquid paraffin was used in place of the silicone resin water repellent in the water repellent treatment. Liquid paraffin was sprayed on 4 g of carbide to deposit 0.3 g. The residual suspended solids after 30 days were 93.3% and retained the black light-shielding thin layer.

Instead of the base paper and waste paper of Examples 1 to 4, the paper strips applied to a cutting machine are spread thinly on a water- and solvent-resistant plate, and the ink is applied in the manner of roll coating. Similar results were obtained when the material was applied. It is also possible to paint on a belt conveyor, separate and dry later, and then apply water-repellent coating while spreading again on the belt conveyor.
Surplus ink and water repellent can be collected.

In Example 1, okara carbide was used instead of the base paper, and the rest was the same. The processing liquid for poval-containing ink at the first stage strengthened the clogging effect by adding relatively coarse carbon black particles or vegetable carbide particles to commercial ink. The fine solid content was 0.1 gram per 7 grams of carbon, and the water repellent beef tallow composition was sprayed and soaked with 7 grams of beef tallow containing 12.2% stearic acid. After 30 days, the suspended matter remained at 85.2%, and the black light-shielding thin layer was retained.
Depending on the nature of the carbon, carbide, or semi-carbide, the protective colloid component exemplified in the first stage glue, gelatin, poval etc. The composition can be easily adjusted.
It is natural that the water repellent can be one or a mixture of animal and vegetable oils and fats such as beef tallow and lard, fatty acids, waxes, paraffin, silicone resin-based or fluorine-based water repellents.
Okara charcoal, coffee extract, charcoal, commercial charcoal, tea husk powder charcoal, sawdust ash, powdered activated carbon, etc. were subjected to water-repellent and waterproof floatation. The product was able to float on the water for a long period from 7th to January.

The water discharge weir was slightly lifted with the light-blocking floating paper piece covering the water surface, and only the water could be discharged using the net from the bottom of the weir. When a discharge port was provided in the water above the bottom of the dam plate, only the water could be discharged while separating the sediment and floating material at the bottom, and the water could be replaced.

Half of the lightly water-repellent floating paper pieces and the water-repellent floating paper pieces of beef tallow (both paper shredded papers) were sprayed with a mixture of floating paper pieces and sprayed on the surface of the aquarium. . Half of the treated paper pieces settled on the bottom of the tank within 30 minutes, and the remaining half floated on the surface of the water for one week, and the boufra was able to be removed. The floating paper on the water surface was easily removed with a net. The semi-floating paper at the bottom of the water flew up by stirring and could be easily separated by a net.
Untreated paper pieces stuck to the bottom of the water and removal was not easy.

Water surface shading, water surface decoration, pond, small or large aquarium, paddy field, temporary flooded fields and land, hydroponics, lakes, road gutters, pool water, etc., one or a combination of shading paper pieces, floating powder particles, molded products Can be covered. It can be evenly submerged in the bottom of the water. Unlike stretched paper and film, you can freely enter and exit the shaded paddy fields and lakes, and you can also collect them with water flow and repair machines. As a result, weeds, algae-control light-shielding materials, sustained-release insecticides, agricultural chemicals can be applied and fertilized. Further, the light-colored floating powder particles, molded products, or processed paper pieces that can cover the water surface can be used for suppressing water evaporation. It can be applied to a wide range of application of adsorbents using volatile harmless water repellents, to uniform expansion of inorganic foam other than carbon, and to the manufacture of building materials. In addition to raw materials that can be collected in large quantities and in large quantities, it is possible to carbonize fine unused resources and to make them raw materials by heat treatment, facilitating the collection and transportation of raw fuel and use.
The mechanical pulp paper containing lignin can be used as a soil conditioner by inserting the strip of the present invention into the soil, so that incineration is not required and the burden of waste disposal is reduced.

Shading water surface coating material supply machine, paddy field and other water surface cross section Side view cross-section of processed products such as colored paper pieces, pulverized dead leaves, and carbonized carbide strips with a light-blocking floating layer on the water surface Cross-sectional view of water-floating material Particles and paper fibers fixed between capillaries in paper pieces and between paper fibers Cross-sectional view of floating surface material Relationship between the ink layer on the surface of a piece of paper and the solid fat layer adhered to the outer surface

Explanation of symbols

1 storage tank, 2 floating particles, pellets, 3 dampers, 4 chutes, 5 vibrators,
6 water, 12 pieces of paper deposited on the bottom of the water, powder, 13 water distribution pipes,
14 circulatory water dispersion supply weir or perforated pipe, 15 moving means,
17 Circulating water suction pipe or overflow weir for collecting floating paper material, grooved suction pipe or porous pipe, filtration pipe 24 fine opening, 27, 28 pore space 31 of floating body ink residual carbon layer, 32 adhering water repellent or Waterproof oil and fat layer 33 Three-dimensional network structure of the filling material,
34 Hydrophobic processing agent or self-generated hydrophobic material layer 36 Water surface

Claims (10)

A light-blocking, evaporation-preventing, water purification, bait or decorative material, or filtering material floating on the water surface, which uses an organic material flake as a base material, which contains an organic material that serves as a protective glue and a coloring material or plugging particles A flaky or flaky surface-floating substance obtained by treating with water and drying, followed by water-repellent or water-resistant treatment, or the solution treatment and water-repellent or water-resistant treatment at the same time. One or a combination of organic material flakes selected from paper, cloth, non-woven fabric, bamboo, wood flakes, sawdust, foliage, hay, cellulose, lignin or levitating colored organic polymer thin strips with a specific gravity of 1 or less The flaky or flaky water surface suspended matter according to claim 1, which comprises The liquid containing the protective glue is one or a mixture solution or emulsion selected from water, solvent, fats and oils, and the protective glue is selected from glue, gelatin, poval, acrylic resin, and casein. Oils and fats, fatty acids, fatty acid metal soaps, fatty alcohols, waxes, paraffin waxes, vegetable oils, plastics, proteins, paint glue materials liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, water repellent fatty acids, water repellent fatty acid soaps, oils and fats, polysiloxane, silicone compounds , Fluorinated water repellent, tannin, tannic acid, tannic acid reactant, wax, or a combination of fillers or colored particles, starch, cellulose or lignin fine pieces, human waste treatment From the paper quality in the residue, waste paper recycled paper, fine pieces during recycling, coffee, tea leaf extract or pulverized products, carbide, semi-carbide Barre was a one or a combination, adhesion, flaky or strip-like water-floating of the coating or one selected from the impregnation or combinations processed according to claim 1. 2. The water-floating material flake-like or strip-like water-floating material according to claim 1, wherein the coloring material is colored or shaded with carbon black, carbide or semi-carbide.
The flaky or granular water surface float according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles are hydrophobized by hydrophobic processing with one or a combination selected from fats, waxes, hydrophobic fatty acids and paraffins having a specific gravity of 1 or less. object. The flaky or flaky surface-floating matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paper or cloth is cut into black, brown or any color after being printed or coated and subjected to a water repellent treatment. The flaky or strip-like water surface suspended matter according to claim 1 or 2, which is a new or waste paper, waste paper, liquid paper container or shredder strip thereof, which is light-shielded, colored and floated by dipping or transferring. . The flakes or fines according to claim 1 for hydroponic cultivation in which floating flakes are deposited in a thin layer or thick layer, float on the water surface and shield from light, and water circulation, ventilation, struts, strings and nets may be used in combination. Flakes floating on the surface. 9. A flaky shape according to claim 1 which floats near the surface of the water and covers the surface of the water, and / or all or part of the surface sinks to the bottom of the water after floating for a predetermined time to shield and shield grass, algae, plankton and pests. Or strip-like water surface suspended matter. Float on the surface of the water and use it for the work selected from light shielding, drug administration, and oil adsorption, suck together with water and filter or separate the cyclone, and reuse or recycle the separated floating substance The flaky or strip-like water surface suspended matter according to claim 1 to 8. In a device that displays flakes or strips of floating surface on the surface of a water channel, which may be a paddy field, water surface, ditch, or culvert, a floating storage tank equipped in the rice transplanter and a supply mechanism connected thereto. A device for spreading a flake-like or strip-like water surface suspended matter on a water surface, comprising a moving mechanism of a book device and a feed mechanism by water flow or a water surface swinging mechanism.

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