JP2009028580A - Method and apparatus for treating organic waste material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for treating organic waste material producing a decomposition gas of the organic waste material containing no tar constituent by applying an organic waste material treating mechanism of a molecular level in a low temperature thermal decomposition apparatus of organic waste material. <P>SOLUTION: In a method for treating the organic waste material comprising carrying out low temperature thermal decomposition treatment of the organic waste material 30 using an inorganic porous material 20 kept at a predetermined low temperature thermal decomposition temperature, the low temperature thermal decomposition temperature is defined within the range of cutting carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds of the organic waste material and preventing production of a tar by recombination of the cut carbon chains. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment method and apparatus suitable for treating general waste discharged from households, rubber waste and plastic waste caused by disposal and recycling of automobiles and household electrical appliances. In particular, compared to incineration processing, the processing temperature can be low, and the generation of tar contained in the cracked gas generated in association with the thermal decomposition product generation process is suppressed, making exhaust gas treatment and waste liquid treatment easy. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating organic waste.

  General waste discharged from households is handled by the local government in accordance with laws and regulations such as Article 6 of the Law on Waste Disposal and Cleaning (Waste Removal Law) and Article 228 of the Local Autonomy Law. In addition, for industrial waste that is subject to recycling regulations for automobiles and household appliances based on the spirit of the recycling-oriented society formation promotion law, Article 3 of the Waste Disposal Law, Container Packaging Recycling Law, Home Appliance Recycling Law, Responsible personnel as stipulated by the Automobile Recycling Law carry out the equipment burden required for recycling.

  However, not all industrial waste can be recycled, and waste that requires final disposal is generated at a certain rate. In such waste, incineration is generally performed as an intermediate process from collection to final disposal. Particularly in recent years, waste reduction processing has become a highly urgent issue at industrial waste disposal sites, waste disposal sites, etc., due to the waste capacity of final disposal sites.

  By the way, the current state of general waste discharge and treatment in Japan has been published as, for example, a press release document of the Ministry of the Environment. In FY2003, the amount of waste discharged per person per day was 1106 grams, and the total amount of waste discharged was 5161. The state of waste incineration facilities at the end of 2003 is 1396 facilities, the processing capacity per facility is 139 tons / day, and the number of facilities using residual heat is 995 facilities. The operation of such a waste incineration facility with a population of about 100,000 is performed by a wide-area business treatment association of local governments.

  Incineration of waste is carried out by burning the waste in an incinerator. Generation of harmful substances such as hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and dioxins accompanying combustion, and bad odor associated with incineration This has become a major environmental problem. Therefore, as one measure for coping with such problems, for example, dioxins associated with generation of chlorine gas contained in the waste by reducing incomplete combustion by burning the waste at a high temperature, for example. It has been proposed to suppress the generation of.

  However, when incinerating waste, especially industrial waste including waste plastics, at a high temperature that suppresses the generation of dioxins, the temperature of the incinerator is extremely high. Incinerators made of various materials and structures are required, and there is a problem that a great deal of cost is required for the incinerator facilities. In addition, when heat treating organic waste with a high water content, only the surface of the waste tends to be carbonized rapidly, and as a result, the surface of the waste is covered with a carbonized film. Since the central portion is not sufficiently carbonized, there is a risk of generating dioxins and malodors due to incomplete combustion.

  Thus, Patent Document 1 proposes an incinerator in which waste is carbonized while suppressing the generation of dioxins and the like. The outline of the structure is that an air intake is provided in a wall portion of a heat-resistant container that is substantially cut off from the external space, and a magnet means is provided on a passage that guides combustion air from the intake to a processing chamber inside the heat-resistant container. The combustion air is magnetically processed. However, after combustion treatment of organic waste, most of the organic waste often remains as carbides, and there are cases where dioxins are contained, which makes it difficult to reuse.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, in the organic waste decomposition treatment apparatus, in the heat treatment chamber that is made into a substantially closed space, external air magnetically processed through the intake passage is applied as heat treatment air to the heat treatment chamber. An apparatus capable of efficiently and gently heat treating waste with a small amount of heat treatment air has been proposed. In Patent Document 3 according to the proposal of the present applicant, it is suitable for treating general waste discharged from households, rubber waste generated from disposal and recycling of automobiles and household electrical appliances, and plastic waste. Regarding the organic waste processing apparatus, an organic waste processing apparatus that requires a lower processing temperature than incineration has been proposed.

JP 2001-304520 A JP, 2004-91367, A [0029], [0038] Japanese Patent No. 3872083

  However, when installing the organic waste processing apparatus of patent document 3, the waste liquid processing of the gas cleaning apparatus attached to the organic waste processing apparatus became an operational problem. The reason why waste liquid treatment is required is because the pyrolysis products produced by organic waste treatment equipment include waste liquids containing organic and inorganic acids that are produced when organic waste is plastic resin or rubber, and carbon. This is to produce a waste liquid containing a tar content having a large number of molecules.

  Therefore, the present inventors have investigated whether the knowledge of the waste solution treatment problem can be obtained by searching for the principle of the organic waste treatment apparatus of Patent Document 3. That is, as a feature of the organic waste treatment apparatus of Patent Document 3, it is in the range of approximately 200 ° C. to 300 ° C., which is a comparatively low temperature from the range of 600 ° C. to 1500 ° C., which is a common sense of those skilled in the art. However, the fact that the pyrolysis reaction is performed at the temperature measured as the temperature of the organic waste that is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber is fundamentally different at the molecular level in terms of the organic waste treatment mechanism compared to the conventional one. I thought that. If the operating conditions that do not produce tar with a large number of carbon molecules can be found by applying the elucidated mechanism of organic waste treatment at the molecular level, in principle, the waste liquid treatment facility can use organic and inorganic acids. Since it would be sufficient to bear the neutralization treatment of this solution, it was thought that the waste liquid treatment would be extremely easy.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and relates to a method and apparatus for low-temperature pyrolysis treatment of organic waste, and by applying the organic waste treatment mechanism at the molecular level elucidated by the present inventor, An object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste processing method and apparatus that does not contain tar in the cracked gas.

  The organic waste treatment method of the present invention that solves the above problems uses an inorganic porous material 20 in which the organic waste 30 is maintained at a predetermined low temperature pyrolysis temperature, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 6, for example. A low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, wherein the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature breaks a carbon chain or a carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste and generates tar by recombination of the broken carbon chain. It is determined to prevent this.

  According to the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, the vaporized organic waste penetrates into the fine pores of the inorganic porous material 20, and the carbon of the organic waste at the molecular level in an atmosphere at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature. Chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds are broken. And at low temperature pyrolysis temperature, energy is not so high that recombination of the broken carbon chain occurs. Therefore, at the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature, even if recombination of a broken carbon chain occurs, the molecular energy of the carbon increases and the thermal energy is not so high that tar is generated. Further reduction in molecular weight of the cleaved carbon chain is promoted. Here, invasion includes a state in which the hydrocarbon gas component generated by the thermal decomposition of organic waste is adsorbed, stored, and stored in the voids of the inorganic porous material. It undergoes thermal decomposition again in the voids, resulting in low molecular weight and change to a gaseous state. By repeating evaporation, storage, and re-pyrolysis, the organic waste pyrolyzate is interpreted as carbon dioxide or water and released into the atmosphere at the molecular level.

  The organic waste treatment method of the present invention that solves the above-described problem is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the organic waste 30 is heated at a low temperature using an inorganic porous material 20 that is maintained at a predetermined low temperature pyrolysis temperature. The present invention relates to a method for treating organic waste that is decomposed. That is, the inorganic porous material 20 was provided on the bottom side inorganic porous layer 22 provided on the bottom side of the organic waste 30 to be treated and on the top side of the organic waste 30 to be treated. It has a two-layer structure of the top-side inorganic porous layer 24, and is to be treated by at least the top-side inorganic porous layer 24 of the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 22 and the top-side inorganic porous layer 24. While the organic waste 30 is covered, the top inorganic porous layer 24 breaks the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste 30 and generates tar by recombination of the broken carbon chain. It is characterized by being kept at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature set in a range to be prevented.

  According to the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, the organic waste 30 to be treated is heated to the vaporization or thermal decomposition reaction start temperature by the inorganic porous material of the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 22. And the vaporized organic waste penetrates into the fine pores of the inorganic porous material of the top inorganic porous layer 24, and the carbon chain of the organic waste at the molecular level in the atmosphere of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature. Alternatively, the carbon-hydrogen bond is broken. And the top side inorganic porous layer 24 is hold | maintained at the low temperature pyrolysis temperature which is not so high in energy that recombination of the cut | disconnected carbon chain occurs. Therefore, in the top-side inorganic porous layer 24, only the lowering of the molecular weight of the carbon chain from which the organic waste is cut is promoted, and the lengthening of the chain due to the carbon chain bond is prevented. Since the organic waste 30 to be treated is covered with at least the top-side inorganic porous layer 24 among the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 22 and the top-side inorganic porous layer 24, the organic waste 30 It is possible to prevent the vaporized product or pyrolyzed product from flowing out to the outside without being captured by the inorganic porous material 20.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the organic waste treatment method of the present invention that solves the above-described problem is a low-temperature pyrolysis of an organic waste 30 using an inorganic porous material maintained at a predetermined low-temperature pyrolysis temperature. The present invention relates to a method for treating organic waste. That is, the inorganic porous material 20 includes the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 provided on the upstream side of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste 30 to be treated and the thermal decomposition of the organic waste 30 to be treated. An organic waste 30 to be treated by the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 having a two-layer structure of the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 provided on the downstream side of the gas. And at least the downstream-side inorganic porous layer 28 is within a range that cuts carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds of organic waste and prevents tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chains. It is characterized by being maintained at a defined low temperature pyrolysis temperature.

  According to the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, the organic waste 30 to be treated is heated to the vaporization or thermal decomposition start temperature by the inorganic porous material of the upstream inorganic porous layer 26. Then, the organic waste vaporized enters the fine pores of the inorganic porous material of the downstream inorganic porous layer 28, and the carbon chain of the organic waste or the organic waste at the molecular level in the atmosphere of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature The carbon-hydrogen bond is broken. The energy is not so high at the low temperature pyrolysis temperature of the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 that recombination of the broken carbon chains occurs. Therefore, in the downstream inorganic porous layer 28, only the reduction of the molecular weight of the carbon chain from which the organic waste is cut is promoted, and the lengthening of the chain due to the bonding of the carbon chain is prevented. Since the organic waste 30 to be treated is sandwiched between the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28, the vaporized or pyrolyzed product of the organic waste 30 is inorganic porous. Outflow without being captured by the material 20 is prevented.

  In the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, preferably, the inorganic porous material 20 includes at least one of zeolite, ceramic porous body, pumice, and volcanic foam lava. It is desirable for the inorganic porous material to have fine pores through which vaporized organic waste enters. In particular, zeolite is preferable as an inorganic porous material because it has cation exchange ability, catalytic ability, and adsorption ability.

  In the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, preferably, the inorganic porous material 20 is zeolite, and the temperature at which the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste is broken at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature is approximately 270 ° C. The temperature is approximately 370 ° C. or less as a temperature for preventing tar generation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain. In this case, it is preferable that the low temperature pyrolysis temperature is appropriately adjusted according to the type of the organic waste 30 to be treated. For example, if the type of organic waste to be treated includes one of wood, paper, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, and PET, and dry wood and paper as a standard, polyvinyl chloride, which is prone to tar, The upper limit temperature of tarring prevention of the quality material is set lower by, for example, about 10 to 20 ° C. than the reference temperature. On the other hand, for rubber and PET that are easily pyrolyzed, the upper limit temperature for tarring prevention is set lower by about 10 to 20 ° C., for example, than the reference temperature.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention that solves the above problems includes an inlet 111 into which organic waste is introduced, and thermal decomposition in which the organic waste is thermally decomposed at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature. Chamber 119, ash content of the organic waste thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition chamber 119, an ash content outlet 123 for taking out fine powder of the refined inorganic porous material 20, and the organic waste thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition chamber 119 A pyrolysis gas outlet 126 for discharging the pyrolysis gas of the waste, and a low-temperature gasification decomposition apparatus 110 having a gas supply port 125 for supplying air or a cleaned pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis chamber 119, and an organic waste treatment apparatus In the pyrolysis chamber 119, the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste was broken, and the pyrolysis chamber 119 was maintained at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature in a range that prevented tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain. Nothing Using sex porous material, characterized in that it consists of organic waste to the low temperature pyrolysis process.

  According to the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, in the low temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110, the organic waste is introduced into the inlet 111, and the organic waste is thermally decomposed at the low temperature pyrolysis temperature in the thermal decomposition chamber 119. . At the ash content outlet 123, ash content of organic waste and fine powder of the refined inorganic porous material 20 are taken out. The pyrolysis gas of the organic waste is discharged to the pyrolysis gas outlet 126 and the cleaned gas is supplied from the gas supply port 125 to the pyrolysis chamber 119. Here, the pyrolysis chamber 119 is provided with an inorganic porous material maintained at a predetermined low temperature pyrolysis temperature, and covers the periphery of the input organic waste. The inorganic porous material is held at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature in a range that prevents the generation of tar due to recombination of the broken carbon chain as well as breaking the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste. The pyrolysis gas with a small number of carbon atoms is generated without generating a tar content.

  The organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention that solves the above problems is preferably provided in the thermal decomposition chamber 119 in a temperature range that breaks the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste, as shown in FIG. A bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 having an inorganic porous material having a defined first low-temperature pyrolysis temperature and an upper portion of the organic waste 121 to be treated are connected to a carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen of the organic waste. A top-side inorganic porous layer 122 having an inorganic porous material having a second low-temperature pyrolysis temperature determined to break the bond and prevent tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain; The organic waste 121 to be treated is covered with at least the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 of the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 and the top-side inorganic porous layer 122.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention that solves the above problems preferably further includes a temperature measuring means (41, 42) for measuring the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20, and a measurement. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the temperature means falls below the operating temperature of the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature, air is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber and heat is generated due to binding with organic waste oxygen. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the heating mode control means 40a and the temperature measuring means is higher than the operation reference temperature of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature, the air flow into the pyrolysis chamber is blocked. And thermal decomposition mode control means 40b for thermally decomposing organic waste. Here, the pyrolysis chamber refers to the inside of the heat-resistant housing 11 of the organic waste treatment apparatus 10 in FIG. 6, and the pyrolysis chamber 119 in FIG.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is preferably configured so that the thickness of the inorganic porous material covering the organic waste is substantially equal to the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste. In particular, it is adsorbed in the voids of the inorganic porous material to break the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond, and to prevent tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain, The packing density of the inorganic porous material covering the organic waste is configured so as not to substantially prevent the ventilation of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste.

  According to the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, since organic waste is thermally decomposed at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature, no harmful substance such as dioxin generated during incineration at a high temperature can be generated in principle. . Organic waste is heated by the inorganic porous material, and thermal energy that breaks carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds is transferred from the inorganic porous material to the organic waste to generate pyrolysis gas. . This pyrolysis gas is adsorbed / stored / stored in the voids of the inorganic porous material maintained at a temperature determined so as to prevent tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chains. The pyrolysis gas undergoes thermal decomposition again in the voids of the inorganic porous material, thereby reducing the molecular weight. By repeating evaporation, storage, and re-pyrolysis within the voids of the inorganic porous material, the hydrocarbon components excluding halogen elements and metal elements in the pyrolysate of organic waste will eventually become carbon dioxide or water. It is possible in principle to reduce to

  According to the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, when the organic waste is heated by the inorganic porous material, the thermal energy for breaking the carbon chain or the carbon-hydrogen bond is changed from the inorganic porous material to the organic waste. Heat is transferred to produce pyrolysis gas. This pyrolysis gas is adsorbed / stored / stored in the voids of the inorganic porous material maintained at a temperature determined so as to prevent tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chains. Then, the pyrolysis gas undergoes thermal decomposition again in the voids of the inorganic porous material to reduce the molecular weight. Therefore, when the pyrolysis gas is cleaned, since there is no tar with a long carbon chain, the tar is not contained in the cleaning water, and only halogen elements and metal elements derived from organic waste are removed. Processing is sufficient, and waste liquid processing can be easily performed.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, and shows a gravity-type organic waste treatment apparatus. In the figure, the organic waste treatment apparatus 10 has a heat-resistant housing 11, a heating device 12, a heat-transferable air-permeable intermediate support surface 13, and a vent hole 14. The heat-resistant housing 11 preferably has, for example, heat resistance that can withstand at least a low temperature pyrolysis temperature of 270 ° C. to 370 ° C. and heat insulation that does not easily escape heat. However, it is desirable that the heat-resistant housing 11 has heat resistance that can withstand about 1000 ° C. so that no trouble occurs even if organic waste starts to burn, and a steel container is used, for example. On the other hand, heat-resistant glass can be used when pyrolyzing a small amount of organic waste at the laboratory level.

  As the heating device 12, a heating wire, a gas banner, an oil combustion burner, or the like is used. The intermediate support surface 13 has rigidity to support the inorganic porous material 20 located inside the heat-resistant housing 11 and the organic waste 30 to be treated, and also transfers heat from the heating device 12. It is preferable to provide air permeability capable of supplying air into the heat resistant casing 11. A metal net is typically used for the intermediate support surface 13, and it is preferable to facilitate the treatment of the residue of the pyrolyzed organic waste 30. The vent hole 14 is used as an exhaust port for pyrolysis gas of the organic waste 30 and an intake port for supplying air.

  The inorganic porous material 20 includes a bottom-side inorganic porous layer 22 provided on the bottom side of the organic waste 30 to be treated, and a top side provided on the top side of the organic waste 30 to be treated. The inorganic porous layer 24 has a two-layer structure. The inorganic porous material 20 includes, for example, zeolite, ceramic porous body, pumice, and volcanic foam lava. It is desirable that the inorganic porous material 20 has micropores through which vaporized organic waste enters. For example, zeolite is preferable as an inorganic porous material because it has cation exchange capacity, catalytic capacity, and adsorption capacity. Here, “zeolite” is a general term for aluminosilicates having fine pores in crystals. Zeolite is based on a skeleton made of silicon dioxide, and the entire crystal lattice is negatively charged by replacing some silicon with aluminum. For this reason, cations such as sodium are contained in the micropores to balance the charge. Zeolite is used as a catalyst because it can selectively incorporate molecules into the pores and cause them to react. Since zeolite can adsorb and release water molecules in the micropores, it is used for dehydration of organic solvents and humidity control. In addition to water molecules, it adsorbs gas molecules such as formaldehyde. When the present inventor has analyzed by thermal analysis by the X applicant, the fine pores of the zeolite are present at a porosity of about 15%.

  The organic waste 30 to be treated contains carbon compounds such as wood, paper, plastic and rubber. Typical organic waste 30 is, for example, wood, paper, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, PET, or the like, but may be polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polystyrene resin, nylon resin, or the like. The organic waste 30 to be treated is covered with a bottom-side inorganic porous layer 22 and a top-side inorganic porous layer 24. Preferably, the organic waste 30 to be treated is stored in a storage bag 32 made of a highly heat-resistant and air-permeable bag such as glass fiber or an easily pyrolyzed bag such as a hemp bag. The handling of the organic waste 30 in the organic waste processing apparatus 10 becomes easy.

  An organic waste processing method for organic waste in the organic waste processing apparatus configured as described above will be described using experimental examples. In the following Experimental Examples 1 to 5, a typical organic waste 30 such as wood, paper, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, PET, etc. is used with a zeolite as the inorganic porous material 20 at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature. Is what we asked for. Here, the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature refers to a carbon chain decomposition start temperature for cutting the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste 30 to be treated, and tar generation due to recombination of the cut carbon chain. It is determined from the upper limit temperature for preventing tarring. In the case of zeolite, from the following Experimental Examples 1 to 5, it is considered that the carbon chain decomposition start temperature is approximately 270 ° C. or higher and the tarring prevention upper limit temperature is approximately 370 ° C. or lower. From this range, it can be said that the carbon chain decomposition starting temperature is generally about 300 ° C. or higher and the tarring prevention upper limit temperature is about 350 ° C. or lower. The low-temperature pyrolysis temperature is preferably high from the viewpoint of promoting the pyrolysis reaction, but on the other hand, if the temperature exceeds the tarting prevention upper limit temperature, the carbon chain becomes long and a tar content is generated, which imposes a burden on the waste liquid treatment. Therefore, when zeolite is used as the inorganic porous material 20, the temperature range of 340 ° C. to 350 ° C. is considered optimal.

<Example 1>
FIG. 2 is a photographic diagram illustrating the thermal decomposition state at each thermal decomposition temperature when the organic waste is wood, and shows the initial thermal decomposition state at 300 ° C. and 350 ° C. When pyrolyzing 5 grams of wood as a sample, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 250 ° C., the pyrolysis reaction did not proceed at all, and the wood maintained its previous shape. On the other hand, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 300 ° C., the wood decomposed almost completely in 7 days. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 350 ° C., the wood decomposed almost completely in 5 hours. Here, the temperature control width has a width of about ± 5 ° C. with respect to the set temperature.

<Example 2>
FIG. 3 is a photographic diagram illustrating the thermal decomposition state at each thermal decomposition temperature when the organic waste is paper, and shows the initial thermal decomposition state at 300 ° C. and 350 ° C. When the organic waste was paper, the same result as wood was obtained. In addition, complete decomposition in wood and paper means a situation similar to charcoal burning when oxygen is not supplied, and it means that volatile components such as wood oil are removed from the remaining part as charcoal. The outer shape of charcoal remains.

<Example 3>
In the case where the organic waste is polyethylene terephthalate, a photograph is not shown, but it was almost the same as rubber. When 5 grams of polyethylene terephthalate is pyrolyzed as a sample, if the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 is 250 ° C., the pyrolysis reaction proceeds only about 2 to 10% even if one week is required. In general, the previous shape was maintained. On the other hand, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 300 ° C., the polyethylene terephthalate decomposed almost completely in 7 days. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 350 ° C., the solid content of polyethylene terephthalate disappeared.

<Example 4>
FIG. 4 is a photographic diagram illustrating the thermal decomposition state at each thermal decomposition temperature in the case where the organic waste is rubber, and shows the initial thermal decomposition state at 300 ° C. When 5 grams of rubber was pyrolyzed as a sample, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 250 ° C., the pyrolysis reaction did not proceed at all, and the rubber maintained its previous shape. On the other hand, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 300 ° C., 90% of the rubber decomposed in 7 days. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 350 ° C., the solid content of the rubber disappeared within 5 hours. Note that the solid content shown in the thermal decomposition state at 300 ° C. is formed by incorporating rubber with zeolite and is very brittle, and substantially only the charcoal component of the rubber remains.

<Example 5>
FIG. 5 is a photographic diagram illustrating the thermal decomposition state at each thermal decomposition temperature when the organic waste is vinyl chloride resin (PCVC), showing the initial thermal decomposition state at 300 ° C. and 350 ° C. ing. When pyrolyzing 5 grams of vinyl chloride resin as a sample, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 is 250 ° C., the pyrolysis reaction does not proceed at all, and the vinyl chloride resin maintains the previous shape. It was. On the other hand, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 300 ° C., 90% of the vinyl chloride resin was decomposed in 7 days. When the temperature of the inorganic porous material 20 was 350 ° C., the vinyl chloride resin was almost completely decomposed within 5 hours. In addition, the solid content reflected in the thermal decomposition state at 350 ° C. is formed by entrapping the vinyl chloride resin with zeolite and is very brittle, and the charcoal component of the vinyl chloride resin substantially remains. Only.

  From the above experimental examples 1 to 5, it is scientifically rational to explain the thermal decomposition reaction at the molecular level as follows. That is, the organic waste to be pyrolyzed is gradually pyrolyzed by contacting with the heated zeolite. The hydrocarbon gas component produced by pyrolysis is adsorbed, stored, and stored in the voids of the zeolite, undergoes thermal decomposition again in the voids of the zeolite, becomes a low molecular weight, and changes to a gaseous state. By repeating evaporation, storage, and re-pyrolysis, the decomposition product becomes carbon dioxide or water and is released to the atmosphere. The temperature necessary for thermally decomposing organic waste was generally 300 to 350 ° C. as the operation condition that the carbon chain was broken and the tar content was not substantially generated. In addition, the top-side inorganic porous layer 24 needs to sufficiently pyrolyze the hydrocarbon gas component generated by pyrolysis, so that it has a sufficient thickness for the pyrolysis reaction and does not hinder the gas flow of the pyrolysis gas. It is desirable to have a packing density of the order.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, and shows an organic waste treatment apparatus of a system in which pyrolysis gas flows in a laminar flow state. In the figure, the organic waste treatment apparatus 10 includes a heat-resistant housing 11, a heating device 12, a first heat transferable air-permeable partition surface 15, a second heat-transferable air-permeable partition surface 16, and a third heat transfer property. It has an air-permeable partition surface 17, a fourth heat-conductive air-permeable partition surface 18, an intake port 19a, and an exhaust port 19b. The first thermally conductive and air-permeable partition surface 15 is a partition between the heating device 12, the chamber on the intake port 19 a side, and the upstream inorganic porous layer 26. The second thermally conductive and air-permeable partition surface 16 is a partition between the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the organic waste 30 to be treated. The third heat transferable air-permeable partition surface 17 is a partition between the organic waste 30 to be treated and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28. The fourth thermally conductive and air-permeable partition surface 18 is a partition between the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 and the chamber on the exhaust port 19b side.

  The inorganic porous material 20 includes an upstream inorganic porous layer 26 provided on the upstream side of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste 30 to be treated, and the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste 30 to be treated. It has a two-layer structure of the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 provided on the downstream side, and the organic waste 30 to be treated is sandwiched between the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28. It is. In order to prevent the inorganic porous material 20 and the organic waste 30 from mixing, a second heat transferable air-permeable partition surface 16 and a third heat transferable air-permeable partition surface 17 are provided.

  The temperature control device 40 is a temperature control device for maintaining the temperature of the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature. For example, a programmable controller is used. The temperature control device 40 switches between the heating mode control means 40a and the pyrolysis mode control means 40b. The resistor thermometer 41 (T1) measures the temperature of the inorganic porous material of the upstream inorganic porous layer 26. For example, a resistance thermometer is used. The resistor thermometer 42 (T2) measures the temperature of the inorganic porous material of the downstream inorganic porous layer 28. For example, a resistance thermometer is used. The exhaust pump 43 is connected to the exhaust port 19b and takes in the gas sucked from the intake port 19a into the heat-resistant casing 11, and the upstream inorganic porous layer 26, the organic waste 30 to be treated, A laminar air flow is formed between the downstream inorganic porous layers 28. The three-way valve 44 switches the gas sucked from the intake port 19a between air and pyrolysis gas.

  In the heating mode control means 40a, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the resistor thermometer 42 is lower than the operation reference temperature of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature, the three-way valve 44 is switched to the air side, Air is introduced into the heat-resistant housing 11 to promote heat generation due to the combination of the organic waste 30 with oxygen. In the pyrolysis mode control means 40b, when the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the resistor thermometer 42 is higher than the operation reference temperature of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature, the three-way valve 44 is switched to the air side. Then, a pyrolysis gas is introduced into the heat-resistant housing 11 to block air inflow, and the organic waste 30 is pyrolyzed. In this way, by using the temperature control device 40 to switch between the thermal decomposition of the organic waste 30 and the binding reaction of oxygen, the upstream inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganicity are obtained using the organic waste 30 as fuel. The temperature of the porous layer 28 can be maintained at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature. The operation reference temperature of the low temperature pyrolysis temperature is a temperature that serves as a reference for switching the operation mode of the temperature control device 40. The transition to the heating mode control means 40a is, for example, 300 ° C., and the transition to the thermal decomposition mode control means 40b is, for example, Set to 350 ° C.

  By the way, as the low temperature pyrolysis proceeds, the organic waste 30 to be treated gradually decreases. Therefore, according to the reduction in the amount of the organic waste 30, the gap between the second heat-transferable air-permeable partition surface 16 and the third heat-transferable air-permeable partition surface 17 is narrowed, and the upstream inorganic porous layer The heat transfer to the organic waste 30 to be processed by the inorganic porous layer 26 and the downstream inorganic porous layer 28 may be performed efficiently.

  According to the organic waste treatment method shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 described above, the inorganic porous material is cut at the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste and recombined at the cut carbon chain. The inorganic porous material exhibits the following functions because it is maintained at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature that is set in a range that prevents tar generation due to. First, the inorganic porous material can use the heating material and the heat retaining material of the organic waste 30 in combination. But the function of the heating material of the organic waste 30 and a heat insulating material may be implement | achieved using a temperature control function separately. Next, since the void portion of the inorganic porous material is used as a thermal decomposition gas and gas component storage action and re-decomposition action of the organic waste 30, there is no generation of tar and odor gas, and thermal decomposition. Less burden on the surrounding environment of gas.

  The thermal decomposition product that has been subjected to the thermal decomposition of the organic waste 30 needs a temperature higher than the upper limit temperature for preventing tarification in order for the carbon chain to recombine into a larger molecule. However, the upper temperature limit of about 350 ° C., which is the upper limit temperature for preventing tarification, is insufficient for the thermal decomposition product to have a high molecular weight and become tar. And since tar content is not contained in pyrolysis gas, tar content is not contained in pyrolysis gas discharged | emitted from the organic waste processing apparatus 10, and waste liquid processing with respect to pyrolysis gas can be performed simply.

  Next, an example in which the organic waste treatment method shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 is applied to a specific organic waste treatment apparatus will be described. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, the organic waste treatment apparatus includes a low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110, a gas cleaning apparatus 2, and a water supply system 70 and a gas circulation system 80 as pipes connecting the two. A gas-liquid separator 130 is installed on the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 side. Further, on the gas cleaning device 2 side, water spray towers 50a and 50b, a liquid storage tank 60, and a waste liquid processing unit 90 are provided.

  The low-temperature gasification and decomposition apparatus 110 is a cylindrical or box-like container having an inlet 111 into which organic waste is introduced, a side wall 112 made of a heat-resistant material, and a base 113 for installation on the ground. It has a volume corresponding to the unit time processing capacity. The input port 111 is provided at the lid portion of the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 to facilitate the operation of supplying organic waste to the stock yard 114. The stock yard 114 includes a first layer opening / closing lid 115 provided on the charging port 111 side and a second layer opening / closing lid 116 provided on the pyrolysis chamber 119 side. The first layer opening / closing lid 115 and the second layer opening / closing lid 116 perform an opening / closing operation in the horizontal direction (arrows A and B directions). When the second layer opening / closing lid 116 is closed, the second layer opening / closing lid 116 acts as the stockyard partition plate 117.

  The stockyard partition plate 117 is a partition plate accommodated in a horizontal state inside the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110, the stockyard 114 is formed on the upper side, and the thermal decomposition chamber 119 is formed on the lower side. The internal temperature during steady operation of the pyrolysis chamber 119 is typically about 270 ° C. to 350 ° C., but it is not damaged even when the organic waste is ignited and burned in a state like an incinerator. The inlet 111, the side wall 112, and the stockyard partition plate 117 may be made of a heat resistant material such as a heat resistant steel plate. In addition, refractory bricks can be used for the side walls 112.

  The firebed holding unit 118 is a partition plate accommodated horizontally in the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110, and holds the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 and the in-furnace organic waste 121 during pyrolysis on the upper side. On the lower side, a gas ventilation portion 124 through which the cleaned gas is ventilated is formed. The bottom inorganic porous layer 120 is maintained at a temperature of about a low temperature pyrolysis temperature (270 ° C. to 370 ° C.), and has a certain particle shape such as zeolite ore. The firebed holding part 118 is formed with a number of nets or openings having a certain shape so as to hold the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 and the in-furnace organic waste 121 from falling to the gas ventilation part 124. Yes.

  The pyrolysis chamber 119 is a space in which the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120, the in-furnace organic waste 121, and the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 are accommodated, and the organic waste supplied from the stockyard 114 A space 121 is thermally decomposed at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature, and is formed between the firebed holding unit 118 and the stockyard partition plate 117. In the pyrolysis mode, the supply of oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber 119 is limited to the cleaned gas supplied from the gas supply port 125, so that it is compared with the amount of oxygen required for the complete oxidation reaction of organic waste. In extreme oxygen deficiency. Therefore, the organic waste is thermally decomposed into a lower hydrocarbon compound in which carbon monoxide and carbon chains are partially decomposed, and discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 126 as a pyrolysis gas of the organic waste. The top-side inorganic porous layer 122 is maintained at a temperature of about a low temperature pyrolysis temperature (270 ° C. to 370 ° C.) and has a certain particle shape such as zeolite ore. After the organic waste 121 is supplied from the stock yard 114, the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 covers the organic waste 121 with an inorganic porous material such as zeolite from the stock yard 114. To supply.

  The ash accumulation layer 127 is formed below the firebed holding unit 118, and the cleaned gas passes through the gas ventilation unit 124 located between the ash deposition layer 127 and the firebed holding unit 118. On the ash accumulation layer 127, the ash content of the in-furnace organic waste 121 thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition chamber 119 and the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 that has been finely divided by thermal decomposition are deposited. As a result of thermal analysis of the ash component, it was found that when the in-furnace organic waste 121 is a wood chip, gypsum is the main component.

  The ash content outlet 123 is an opening for taking out the ash content of the in-furnace organic waste 121 deposited on the ash deposition layer 127 and the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 that has been finely divided by thermal decomposition. The gas supply port 125 is a port through which the cleaned gas supplied from the cleaning gas circulation pipe 84 is supplied via the three-way valve 89. The pyrolysis gas outlet 126 is provided on the side wall 112 located in the pyrolysis chamber 119 near the stockyard partition plate 117, and supplies pyrolysis gas of organic waste to the gas-liquid separator 130. In the three-way valve 89, the cleaned gas supplied from the cleaning gas circulation pipe 84 and the external air are switched and supplied to the thermal decomposition chamber 119 via the gas supply port 125. A mode in which the cleaned gas is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 119 is referred to as a pyrolysis mode, and a mode in which external air is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 119 is referred to as a heating mode. The three-way valve 89 switches between the pyrolysis mode and the heating mode.

  The gas-liquid separator 130 is a cylindrical facility that gas-liquid separates the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 126, and has a cone-shaped stop plate 131 that directly receives a flow of pyrolysis gas. . The thermal decomposition gas is separated into a gas component and a liquid / fine particle component according to the specific gravity by the stopper plate 131. The separation gas discharge port 132 is provided at the top of the gas-liquid separator 130 and sends the separation gas from which the liquid and fine particle components have been removed from the pyrolysis gas to the moisture spray tower 50a. In the gas-liquid separator bottom 133, liquid and fine particle components separated by specific gravity from the pyrolysis gas accumulate. The separation liquid discharge port 134 is provided at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator 130, and sends the liquid and particulate components separated from the pyrolysis gas by specific gravity to the pyrolysis liquid tank 135. Note that the liquid stored in the thermal decomposition liquid tank 135 is in a state containing particulate components such as dust.

  The water spray towers 50a and 50b spray gas treated water onto the separated gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 130. Here, the water spray towers having substantially the same shape are provided in two series in series. It is shown. In addition, it is good also as a structure which carries out the washing | cleaning of separation gas reliably by providing three or more series of water spray towers in series, and may add in parallel for the processing capacity according to the amount of separation gas. In the moisture spray towers 50a and 50b, gas treatment water is sprayed in the tower, and the internal temperature is 100 ° C., which is the vapor temperature, or lower. Therefore, a corrosion resistant plastic material such as vinyl chloride resin, glass fiber reinforced plastic, or dicyclopentadiene resin can be used as the structural material. When a corrosion-resistant plastic material is used, even if the separation gas contains a corrosive gas such as chlorine gas or sulfurous acid gas, it does not corrode and increases durability.

  First, in the upstream water spray tower 50a, the separation gas introduction path 51a has one end connected to the separation gas discharge port 132 and the other end opened to the tower lower part 55a side (gas treated water discharge path 56a). The separation gas supplied from the gas-liquid separator 130 is introduced into the moisture spray tower 50a. The gas-treated water spray port 52a has one end connected to the gas-treated water supply pipe 73 and the other end opened to the upper side 53a side of the tower, and has a spray port for spraying the gas-treated water onto the separated gas. The spray port of the gas-treated water spray port 52a is efficiently contained in the separated gas by performing gas-liquid exchange with the separated gas efficiently sprayed with the treated gas in the tower upper part 53a and the tower lower part 55a. Dissolve water-soluble components in gas-treated water. One end of the column outside discharge pipe 54a is connected to the column lower part 55a, and the other end is connected to the downstream separation gas introduction path 51b. The separated gas that has been gas-liquid exchanged with the gas treated water is sent to the downstream separated gas introduction path 51b via the out-to-column discharge pipe 54a. The gas treated water that has been gas-liquid exchanged with the separation gas is stored in the liquid storage tank 60 via the gas treated water discharge path 56a, the gas treated water conduit 141, and the like.

  In the downstream water spray tower 50b, the gas treated water spray port 52b, the tower upper part 53b, the tower lower part 55b, and the gas treated water discharge path 56b are respectively the gas treated water spray port 52a, the tower upper part 53a, and the tower lower part. 55a has the same structure and function as the gas treated water discharge passage 56a. The separation gas introduction path 51b has one end connected to the outer column discharge pipe 54a and the other end opened on the lower part 55b side (gas treated water discharge path 56b), and is separated from the upstream water spray tower 50a. The gas is introduced into the moisture spray tower 50b. One end of the tower discharge pipe 54 b is connected to the tower lower part 55 b, and the other end is connected to the cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 82.

  The liquid storage tank 60 stores gas treated water sprayed by the water spray towers 50a and 50b. The gas treated water pipe 141 is used for transporting the gas treated water to the liquid storage tank 60. In the liquid storage tank 60, there is a heavy specific gravity liquid layer 61 mainly composed of water having a heavy specific gravity. The upper part of the liquid storage tank 60 is covered with a lid part 64, and a gas retention chamber 63 is formed between the surface of the heavy specific gravity liquid layer 61 and the lid part 64. In the gas retention chamber 63, the cleaned gas sent from the gas processing water pipeline 141 to the heavy specific gravity liquid layer 61 is retained, and the other end of the cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 81 is connected.

  A water supply system 70 serving as a liquid circulation unit supplies water in the heavy specific gravity liquid layer 61 stored in the liquid storage tank 60 to the water spray towers 50a and 50b as gas treated water. Pipes 72 and 73 are provided. Among the liquid circulation units, the recovery pipelines from the water spray towers 50a and 50b are gas treatment water pipelines 141. The line pump 71 has a liquid suction port 74 at a position relatively close to the bottom of the liquid storage tank 60 so that the liquid stored in the liquid storage tank 60 can be used as gas treated water. In the liquid suction port 74, an appropriate filter is installed so that dust and solids precipitated in the liquid storage tank 60 are not sucked.

  The cleaning gas circulation system 80 returns the cleaned gas sprayed with the gas treated water in the moisture spray towers 50a and 50b to the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110. The cleaning gas circulation vertical pipes 81 and 82, the cleaning gas A circulation horizontal pipe 83, a cleaning gas circulation pipe 84, and a three-way valve 89 are provided. The cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83 includes a cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 82 provided in the vicinity of the moisture spray tower 50b located at the most downstream stage, and a cleaning gas circulation pipe 84 provided in the vicinity of the low-temperature gasification and decomposition apparatus 110. Is a pipe line connecting the two and is located in a horizontal direction. The cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83 can be appropriately arranged according to the installation state of the low-temperature gasification / decomposition device 110 and the gas cleaning device casing 2. The cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 81 has one end connected to the gas retention chamber 63 and the other end connected to the end of the cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 82. The outside discharge pipe 54b is connected to the connection part of the cleaning gas circulation vertical pipes 81 and 82. In the three-way valve 89, it is possible to switch between the pyrolysis mode and the heating mode by switching between the cleaned gas supplied from the cleaning gas circulation pipe 84 and the external air.

  The filter 86 is attached to the cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83 and removes dust contained in the cleaned gas flowing through the cleaning gas circulation system 80 to prevent the cleaning gas circulation system 80 from being clogged with dust. . The blower 87 is a blower attached to the cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83 and generates an air flow necessary for the cleaned gas to flow from the cleaning gas circulation system 80 to the vicinity of the gas supply port 125 of the cleaning gas circulation pipe 84. . The mist trap 88 is attached to the cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83 to remove moisture contained in the cleaned gas flowing in the cleaning gas circulation system 80 and to condense the moisture in the cleaning gas circulation system 80. To prevent. The filter 86, the blower 87, and the mist trap 88 may be attached to the cleaning gas circulation vertical pipe 82 instead of the cleaning gas circulation horizontal pipe 83.

  The operation of the organic waste treatment apparatus configured as described above will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the production process of solid components and moisture generated from raw materials in the organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention. First, general waste and industrial waste from which inorganic substances have been excluded are input as raw materials to a low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 serving as a low-temperature gasification / decomposition furnace.

  Next, the operation of the organic waste treatment apparatus will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. The inorganic porous material used for the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 and the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 is preferably preheated to a low temperature pyrolysis temperature in advance. Also, it is desirable that the organic waste is preheated to a low temperature pyrolysis temperature before being put into the pyrolysis chamber 119. Therefore, when the organic waste is thrown into the stock yard 114, the second layer opening / closing lid 116 is closed and the first layer opening / closing lid 115 is opened to open the loading port 111.

  When the input of the organic waste is completed, the first layer opening / closing lid 115 is closed and the input port 111 is closed to prevent the pyrolysis gas of the low-temperature gasification and decomposition apparatus 110 from leaking to the external environment. Then, the second layer opening / closing lid 116 is opened, and the organic waste stored in the stock yard 114 is dropped into the thermal decomposition chamber 119. In the stockyard 114, the organic waste is warmed by the thermal energy contained in the pyrolysis gas from the lower pyrolysis chamber 119. Since general waste and industrial waste contain carbon compounds such as wood, paper, plastic, and rubber, oxidation energy is generated along with oxidation by oxygen slightly contained in the cleaned gas.

  Next, after the organic waste 121 is supplied from the stock yard 114, the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 is charged with an inorganic porous material such as zeolite from the stock yard 114. ,Form. First, the second layer opening / closing lid 116 is closed and the first layer opening / closing lid 115 is opened to open the inlet 111. When the charging of the inorganic porous material is completed, the first layer opening / closing lid 115 is closed and the charging port 111 is closed to prevent the pyrolysis gas of the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 from leaking to the external environment. Then, the second layer opening / closing lid 116 is opened, and the inorganic porous material stored in the stock yard 114 is dropped into the thermal decomposition chamber 119. The inorganic porous material is supplied so as to cover the organic waste 121.

  In the stock yard 114, the injected inorganic porous material is warmed by the thermal energy contained in the pyrolysis gas from the lower pyrolysis chamber 119. However, when the amount of heat is insufficient in the pyrolysis mode in which the cleaned gas supplied from the cleaning gas circulation pipe 84 is introduced by the three-way valve 89, the three-way valve 89 is switched to the heating mode in which external air is introduced. Then, air is introduced into the thermal decomposition chamber 119 to promote heat generation due to the combination of the organic waste 121 with oxygen.

  In the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110, the raw material is thermally decomposed at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature of about 270 ° C. to 370 ° C., which is much lower than that of combustion, and heat is also generated by the catalytic action of the inorganic porous material. The decomposition product and the cleaned gas are reacted to generate a pyrolysis gas. At the initial stage of the reaction, smoke may be generated because the thermal decomposition reaction is not sufficient. Further, the pyrolysis gas may contain a halogen element or a metal element contained in the organic waste 121 to be treated. Further, if the thermal decomposition reaction is completely advanced, carbon dioxide and water vapor are obtained.

  Then, this pyrolysis gas is sent to the moisture spray tower 50 as the gas cleaning device casing 2, and a showering process (spraying the gas-treated water on the separation gas) is performed. In the liquid storage tank 60, the gas treated water sprayed by the moisture spray tower 50 is stored. The separated gas generated in the liquid storage tank 60 is returned to the low temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110. The cleaned gas sprayed with the gas treated water in the moisture spray towers 50 a and 50 b is returned to the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 by the cleaning gas circulation system 80. The liquid separated by specific gravity in the liquid storage tank 60 is returned to the moisture spray tower 50 as gas treated water. The water in the liquid storage tank 60 has a high COD (biochemical oxygen demand) and contains halogen elements and metal elements derived from organic waste, so that waste water treatment is required.

  In the apparatus of FIG. 7, the low-temperature gasification / decomposition apparatus 110 has a constant internal temperature due to the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120, the in-furnace organic waste 121 during the pyrolysis, and the top-side inorganic porous layer 122. Designed to maintain. However, when a large amount of low-calorie substances such as leftover is mixed in organic waste, the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 may not be sufficient as a fire type. Therefore, an in-furnace thermometer may be provided in the pyrolysis chamber 119 and a heater may be installed in the vicinity of the firebed holding unit 118 and the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120. Any heater may be used as long as it maintains the bottom-side inorganic porous layer 120 and the top-side inorganic porous layer 122 at a low-temperature pyrolysis temperature of 270 ° C. to 370 ° C. A heat transfer tube through which hot air or a heated liquid medium passes may be used.

  For example, Article 2-4 of the Waste Disposal Law defines industrial waste, and industrial oil with relatively high calories includes waste oil, waste plastics, wood waste, fiber waste, and rubber waste. In addition, when the moisture content is relatively dry at 15 to 20% or less, the calorie becomes high calorie, but when the moisture content becomes 70 to 80% or more and becomes a low calorie, sludge, There are waste paper, animal and plant residues, animal solid waste, animal manure, and animal carcasses. Examples of low-calorie substances that do not depend on the water content include burning shells, waste acids, waste alkalis, scrap metal, glass / concrete scraps, ceramic scraps, slag, debris, and dust. When using an apparatus for thermally decomposing organic waste at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature, when considering industrial waste as a treatment target, wood waste, fiber waste, dry sludge, dry waste paper, and the like are preferable. In the case of waste plastics and rubber scraps, there is a possibility that the pyrolysis products will solidify again and also contain substances that may cause blockage of the pipelines. As the plastics, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene and the like containing no chloride are preferable.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the organic waste processing apparatus which concerns on this invention, and has shown the gravity-type organic waste processing apparatus. It is a photograph figure explaining the thermal decomposition state in each thermal decomposition temperature in case organic waste is wood. It is a photograph figure explaining the thermal decomposition state in each thermal decomposition temperature in case the organic waste is paper. It is a photograph figure explaining the thermal decomposition state in each thermal decomposition temperature in case organic waste is rubber | gum. It is a photograph figure explaining the thermal decomposition state in each thermal decomposition temperature in case the organic waste is a vinyl chloride resin. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the organic waste processing apparatus which concerns on this invention, and has shown the organic waste processing apparatus of the system in which pyrolysis gas flows in a laminar flow state. It is a block diagram explaining the whole structure of the organic waste processing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the outline of the production | generation process of the solid component produced | generated from a raw material, a water | moisture content, and an oil component in the organic waste processing apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Organic waste processing apparatus 20 Inorganic porous material 22, 120 Bottom part side inorganic porous layer 24, 122 Top part side inorganic porous layer 26 Downstream side inorganic porous layer 28 Upstream side inorganic porous layer 30, 121 Organic waste 40a Heating mode control means 40b Thermal decomposition mode control means 41, 42 Temperature measuring means 50a, 50b Moisture spray tower (gas cleaning device)
60 Liquid storage tank 71, 72, 73 Liquid circulation part 81, 82, 83, 84 Gas circulation part 130 Gas-liquid separator

Claims (9)

An organic waste treatment method comprising subjecting organic waste to a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment using an inorganic porous material maintained at a predetermined low-temperature pyrolysis temperature,
The organic waste treatment characterized in that the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature is in a range in which the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste is broken and tar generation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain is prevented. Method. An organic waste treatment method comprising subjecting organic waste to a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment using an inorganic porous material maintained at a predetermined low-temperature pyrolysis temperature,
The inorganic porous material includes a bottom-side inorganic porous layer provided on the bottom side of the organic waste to be treated and a top-side inorganic porous provided on the top side of the organic waste to be treated. It has a two-layer structure of temperate layers,
The top side inorganic porous layer covers the organic waste to be treated,
At least the top-side inorganic porous layer has a low temperature pyrolysis determined in a range that cuts carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds of the organic waste and prevents tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chains. An organic waste treatment method characterized by being maintained at a temperature. An organic waste treatment method comprising subjecting organic waste to a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment using an inorganic porous material maintained at a predetermined low-temperature pyrolysis temperature,
The inorganic porous material includes an upstream inorganic porous layer provided on the upstream side of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste to be treated, and a downstream side of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste to be treated. Provided with a two-layer structure of provided downstream inorganic porous layer,
The organic waste to be treated is sandwiched between the upstream inorganic porous layer and the downstream inorganic porous layer, and
At least the downstream inorganic porous layer has a low-temperature pyrolysis set within a range in which the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste is broken and tar generation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain is prevented. An organic waste treatment method characterized by being maintained at a temperature.   4. The organic waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic porous material includes at least one of zeolite, ceramic porous body, pumice, and volcanic foam lava. Method. The inorganic porous material is zeolite;
As the temperature at which the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste is broken at the low temperature pyrolysis temperature, the temperature is approximately 270 ° C. or higher, and the temperature at which tar generation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain is prevented, The organic waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 and 3, wherein the organic waste treatment method is approximately 370 ° C or lower. Pyrolysis chamber in which organic waste is pyrolyzed at low temperature pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas of the organic waste pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber, air or washing in the pyrolysis chamber An organic waste treatment apparatus having a low-temperature gasification decomposition apparatus having a gas supply port for supplying a used pyrolysis gas,
In the pyrolysis chamber, an inorganic porous material maintained at a low temperature pyrolysis temperature in a range that cuts carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds of the organic waste and prevents tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chains. An organic waste processing apparatus configured to subject the organic waste to low-temperature pyrolysis using a material. The organic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 6,
The pyrolysis chamber has a bottom-side inorganic porous layer having an inorganic porous material having a first low-temperature pyrolysis temperature defined in a temperature range in which carbon chains or carbon-hydrogen bonds of the organic waste are broken. When,
The upper part of the organic waste to be treated is a second region that is defined as a range that cuts the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen bond of the organic waste and prevents tar formation due to recombination of the broken carbon chain. A top side inorganic porous layer having an inorganic porous material with a low temperature pyrolysis temperature of
An organic waste treatment apparatus, wherein the top-side inorganic porous layer covers the organic waste to be treated. In the organic waste processing apparatus according to claim 6 or 7,
Furthermore, a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the inorganic porous material,
When the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the temperature measuring means is lower than the operation reference temperature of the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature, air is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber and oxygen of the organic waste and Heating mode control means for encouraging heat generation due to coupling,
When the temperature of the inorganic porous material measured by the temperature measuring means is higher than the operation reference temperature of the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature, the inflow of air into the pyrolysis chamber is blocked, and the organic waste Pyrolysis mode control means for performing pyrolysis of
An organic waste treatment apparatus comprising: In the organic waste disposal apparatus according to claim 7 or 8,
The thickness of the inorganic porous material covering the organic waste is such that substantially all of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste is adsorbed in the voids of the inorganic porous material, and the carbon chain or carbon-hydrogen Stipulated to break the bond and prevent tar formation by recombination of the broken carbon chain,
An organic waste processing apparatus, wherein the packing density of the inorganic porous material covering the organic waste is configured so as not to substantially prevent ventilation of the pyrolysis gas of the organic waste.