JP2009024075A - Polysaccharide, method for producing the same and use of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polysaccharide having a new structure and physical properties and develop as a new industrially useful material, especially the microorganism-originated polysaccharides having polyfunctional effects. <P>SOLUTION: This polysaccharide is provided by being produced by using bacteria belonging to the genus Halomonas, which is a kind of marine microorganisms, consisting of the 4 kinds of saccharides of D-ribose, D-N-acetylglucosamine, D-N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid as essentially constituting saccharides and having 1,000,000 to 6,000,000 weight-average molecular weight measured by a gel filtration chromatography. A cosmetic obtained by using the above polysaccharide is also provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a polysaccharide consisting essentially of four types of constituent sugars: D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, a method for producing the same, and use thereof. The polysaccharide of the present invention can be used as an additive for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods.

  Since polysaccharides produced by microorganisms have various structures and various functions, attempts have been made to use them in a wide range of fields such as foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Many microorganisms that produce polysaccharides are known. For example, a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptococcus in JP-A-5-276972 (Patent Document 1), an Agrobacterium microorganism in JP-A-7-330805 (Patent Document 2), and JP-A-10-237105 (Patent Document 3). Enterobacter microorganisms, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-12701 (Patent Document 4), Candida microorganisms are known.

Bacteria belonging to the genus Halomonas, a kind of marine bacteria, are known to produce exopolysaccharides. For example, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2000, Vol. 24, p. In 374-378 (Non-Patent Document 1), the genus Halomonas bacteria has a productivity of 2.8 g / L, 1.5 g / L, 1.7 g / L, and a 1% solution (w / v) viscosity of 23. It is known to produce polysaccharides that are .48 Pa · s, 10.98 Pa · s, and 6.18 Pa · s. Also, Extremophiles, 2003, Vol. 7, p. In 319-326 (Non-Patent Document 2), Halomonas maura strain S-30 is 0.5% solution (w / v) with a productivity of 3.8 g / L. The viscosity is 70 mPa · s, the constituent sugar is composed of 4 types of D-galactose: D-mannose: D-glucose: D-glucuronic acid, and the molar ratio of the constituent sugars is D-galactose: D-mannose: D-glucose. : D-glucuronic acid = 14: 34.8: 29.3: 21.9, a molecular weight of 4.7 million, and a sulfur content of 6.5% by weight is known to be produced. .
However, these reported cases are centered on the description of physical characteristics, and there is little description about the industrial utility value of the produced polysaccharide, and the functions and effects as cosmetics and pharmaceutical materials are unknown.

  By the way, hyaluronic acid produced by one kind of lactic acid bacteria has been recognized as a highly functional material for typical cosmetics because of its excellent moisturizing effect, and its demand has increased. Furthermore, in addition to hyaluronic acid, for example, JP-A-8-53501 (Patent Document 5) discloses a modified hyaluronic acid in which acetyl group is introduced into hyaluronic acid to enhance moisturizing power, and JP-A 2000-178196. In the publication (Patent Document 6), sulfated hyaluronic acid, sulfated dextran, etc., to which a sulfate group has been introduced to give the ability to inhibit hyaluronidase are known as polysaccharides used in cosmetic development.

In the cosmetic field, cosmetic materials produced by microbial fermentation are advantageous in terms of stable supply of raw materials and raw material traceability. In recent years, with the diversification of lifestyle habits, cosmetics have come to be used as one of the means for improving and improving the quality of life, and as a result, even higher functionality is required in the development of cosmetic materials. ing. In particular, in the development of functional cosmetics, the development of a material having a multifunctional effect with a single material is convenient for simplifying the formulation design.
JP-A-5-276972 JP-A-7-330805 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-237105 JP 2003-12701 A JP-A-8-53501 JP 2000-178196 A Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2000, Vol. 24, p. 374-378 Extremophiles, 2003, Vol. 7, p. 319-326

  Against this background, the discovery of polysaccharides with novel structures and physical properties and development of new industrially useful materials, especially the search for polysaccharides derived from microorganisms and having multifunctional effects, are strongly conducted. It is desired.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that genus Halomonas, which is a kind of marine microorganisms, is D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine, and It has been found that a novel polysaccharide comprising four kinds of D-galacturonic acid as constituent sugars is produced. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that this polysaccharide can exert a moisturizing effect and a melanin production suppressing effect, and have completed the present invention.

That is, this invention provides the polysaccharide shown below, its manufacturing method, and its use.
[1] The constituent sugar consists essentially of 4 types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and the weight average molecular weight measured by gel filtration chromatography is 100. A polysaccharide characterized in that it is 10,000 to 6,000,000.
[2] The molar ratio of the constituent sugars is D-ribose: DN-acetylglucosamine: DN-acetylgalactosamine: D-galacturonic acid = 55 to 85: 1 to 30: 1 to 25: 1 to 25. [1] The polysaccharide according to [1].
[3] The constituent sugar consists essentially of four types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and the weight average molecular weight measured by gel filtration chromatography is 250. The molar ratio of constituent sugars is D-ribose: DN-acetylglucosamine: DN-acetylgalactosamine: D-galacturonic acid = 65 to 75: 8 to 18: 3 to 13: 3 A polysaccharide characterized in that it is 13.
[4] The polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [3], which is obtained by culturing a genus Halomonas.
[5] The polysaccharide according to [4], wherein the genus Halomonas is Halomonas marina.
[6] The polysaccharide according to [5], wherein Halomonas marina is the Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain or a mutant thereof.

[7] The method for producing a polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein a bacterium of the genus Halomonas is cultured, and the polysaccharide is separated and purified from the culture.
[8] The production method of [7], wherein the genus Halomonas is Halomonas marina.
[9] The production method of [8], wherein Halomonas marina is Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain or a mutant strain thereof.

[10] A humectant comprising the polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [6].
[11] A melanin production inhibitor comprising the polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [6].
[12] A cosmetic comprising the polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [6].
[13] A skin external preparation containing the polysaccharide according to any one of [1] to [6].

The present invention provides a novel polysaccharide whose constituent sugars are essentially composed of four types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and a method for producing the same. it can.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the polysaccharide of the present invention has a moisturizing effect and a melanin production suppressing effect, it can be blended as a moisturizing component or a whitening component in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods and the like.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharide of the present invention is produced by microbial fermentation, which is advantageous in terms of stable supply of raw materials and raw material traceability.
Moreover, this invention provides the cosmetics and skin external preparation containing the said polysaccharide. According to the preferable aspect of this invention, the cosmetics and skin external preparation of this invention can have various effects, such as prevention or improvement of rough skin, moisturizing, and whitening.

  Hereinafter, the polysaccharide of the present invention, its production method and its use will be described in detail.

  In the polysaccharide of the present invention, the constituent sugar consists essentially of 4 types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and the weight measured by gel filtration chromatography. It has an average molecular weight of 1 million to 6 million. Here, “the constituent sugar consists essentially of four types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid” means that the polysaccharide of the present invention is D- A complex polysaccharide formed by combining four monosaccharides of ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine, and D-galacturonic acid through a glycosidic bond, and D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine , D-N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid other than constituent sugars. Here, “D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine, and D-galacturonic acid are substantially free of constituent sugars” means all the components constituting the polysaccharide of the present invention. Among sugars, the molar ratio is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, more preferably 99% or more of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine. And D-galacturonic acid.

  In the polysaccharide of the present invention, the molar ratio of the constituent sugars of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid is not particularly limited, but D-ribose: D -N-acetylglucosamine: DN-acetylgalactosamine: D-galacturonic acid = 55-85: 1-30: 1-25: 1-25, preferably 60-80: 5-25: 2-20 : More preferably, it is 2-20, and it is still more preferable that it is 65-75: 8-18: 3-13: 3-13.

  In the present invention, high performance liquid chromatography can be used for qualitative quantitative analysis of the constituent sugars of the polysaccharide. High-performance liquid chromatography may be performed according to a conventional method, and equipment, measurement conditions, and the like that are usually used in this field can be used. The measurement conditions are not particularly limited. For example, the polysaccharide of the present invention is subjected to acid hydrolysis using 4 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 100 ° C. for 8 hours. -A sample labeled with ethyl aminobenzoate can be used as a specimen, and 12 types of monosaccharides labeled with ethyl 4-aminobenzoate under the same conditions can be analyzed as preparations. Examples of the 12 kinds of monosaccharides used as preparations include those described in Example 1. As the column, an Xterra (registered trademark) RP18 column manufactured by Waters is used, and a mixed solution of 0.2 M sodium borate: acetonitrile = 95: 5 can be used as a mobile phase.

  The weight average molecular weight measured by gel filtration chromatography of the polysaccharide of the present invention is 1 million to 6 million. The molecular weight is preferably 1.5 million to 5,000,000, and more preferably 2.5 million to 4.5 million.

In the present invention, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide is measured using a gel filtration chromatography method. The measurement by the gel filtration chromatography method may be performed according to a conventional method, and is not particularly limited. For example, “TSK-GEL (registered trademark) GMPWXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation is used, and 0.2 M NaCl / 0 is used. .2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as a mobile phase, molecular weight-retention time standard curve prepared using pullulan (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and dextran T2000 (manufactured by Amersham Biosciences) with known molecular weight as standard samples Can be used to measure molecular weight.
Regarding the measurement of molecular weight by gel filtration chromatography, see, for example, JP-A-7-309902, JP-A-5-39306, Extremophiles, 2003, Vol. 7, p. 319-326 and the like can be referred to.

The viscosity of the polysaccharide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the viscosity of a 0.05% aqueous solution (w / v) of the polysaccharide of the present invention is preferably 10 to 40 Pa · s. It is more preferably 35 Pa · s, and further preferably 20 to 30 Pa · s.
The viscosity of the polysaccharide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be measured using, for example, a B-type viscometer. For example, 30 mL of an aqueous solution (concentration 0.05% (w / v)) of the polysaccharide of the present invention is filled in a sleep adjusted to 25 ° C., and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the viscosity can be measured by measuring for 20 seconds at an appropriate number of revolutions (for example, 6 rpm).

  Next, the manufacturing method of the polysaccharide of this invention is demonstrated. The production method of the present invention includes culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Halomonas and capable of producing the polysaccharide of the present invention, and separating and purifying the polysaccharide obtained from the culture.

  Preferred microorganisms used in the production method of the present invention include Halomonas marina. Of these, the Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain or a mutant thereof is preferable. Here, the “mutant strain” refers to a strain in which the production ability of the polysaccharide of the present invention is enhanced as compared with the natural Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain by repeating various mutation treatments. Such mutants are known mutagenesis using radiation such as ultraviolet rays and X-rays, chemical mutagens such as ethyl methanesulfonic acid and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. It can be generated by means.

In the production method of the present invention, as a medium for culturing the microorganism, a microorganism belonging to the genus Halomonas can grow and a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an inorganic salt, and a micronutrient source that produce the polysaccharide of the present invention. If it contains a proper quantity, it will not be restrict | limited. Either synthetic or natural media can be used.
As the carbon source, carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, and glycerol, natural polymers such as hemicellulose, starch, and corn starch can be used. Of these, carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, and glycerol are preferably used. Nitrogen sources include compounds such as nitrates and ammonium salts; natural products such as peptone, yeast extract, corn steep liquor, peptides, amino acids, meat extract, corn glue tenmeal, cottonseed oil, and defatted soybeans. Examples of inorganic salts that can be used include sodium salts, phosphates, magnesium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, and sulfates. As a trace nutrient source, yeast extract and various vitamins can be used.

  The content of the carbon source in the medium is usually 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight. The content of the nitrogen source is usually suitably 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight. The content of inorganic salts is usually suitably 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight. The content of the micronutrient source is usually suitably 0.05 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.

  The state of the medium may be solid or liquid. When a liquid medium is used, stationary culture may be used, but shaking culture and aeration-agitation culture are preferable because a polysaccharide can be obtained with higher yield.

  The pH during the culture is not particularly limited as long as it is a pH at which microorganisms can grow and can produce the polysaccharide of the present invention. Usually, pH 5 to 7.5 is appropriate, and pH 5.5 to 7.2 is preferable. . The culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually 20 to 25 ° C and preferably 21 to 23 ° C. The culture period is selected so that the production amount of the polysaccharide of the present invention reaches the maximum. Usually, 1 to 5 days is appropriate, and 2 to 4 days is preferable.

  The method for collecting the polysaccharide of the present invention from the culture obtained by the above culture method is not particularly limited, and a method generally known in the art can be used. For example, after removing the cells from the culture using centrifugation or filtration, a precipitate is formed by adding 2 to 3 times the amount of an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetone to the obtained culture solution. Let This precipitate is collected using centrifugation or filtration, dissolved in water or 1 to 10% (w / v) sodium chloride solution, and then an organic solvent such as alcohol is added to cause precipitation. By repeating this operation several times, the polysaccharide of the present invention can be obtained. Alternatively, after dissolving in water or 1 to 10% (w / v) sodium chloride solution, dialysis is performed, and the present invention is performed by a method such as ventilation drying, hot air drying, spray drying, drum drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and the like. The polysaccharide can be obtained. Alternatively, a polysaccharide such as SDS, Tween, or Triton is added to the culture to release the polysaccharide from the cell surface in advance, and then the culture solution is collected by the above method to obtain the polysaccharide of the present invention. It is also preferable.

  In addition to the above sampling method, a method may be employed in which components other than the polysaccharide of the present invention are removed from the culture solution using ultrafiltration, and the resulting concentrated solution is subjected to the drying step described above. . Furthermore, a highly purified product can also be obtained by purifying according to a normal polysaccharide purification method as necessary. As the purification method, various column chromatography such as ion exchange and gel filtration, precipitation with quaternary ammonium salt, salting out and the like can be employed.

  The polysaccharide of the present invention can be collected from the culture as described above. The obtained polysaccharide can be used as it is, but when it has a high viscosity, it can also be used after reducing its molecular weight, for example, for designing a preparation such as cosmetics. Examples of the method for reducing the molecular weight include hydrolysis by temperature, hydrolysis by acid, hydrolysis by enzyme, and the like. As these hydrolysis methods, known methods that are usually used for reducing the molecular weight of polysaccharides can be used. Among these, hydrolysis by temperature is preferable from the viewpoint of removal of sulfate group by acid and removal of residual enzyme, and heat treatment at 100 ° C. for about 2 hours is particularly preferable.

  The polysaccharide of the present invention includes the polysaccharide obtained by the above method.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharide of the present invention can exhibit a moisturizing effect, a melanin production inhibitory effect, or both. For this reason, the polysaccharide of the present invention can be used as an active ingredient such as a humectant or a melanin production inhibitor. Hereinafter, the use of the polysaccharide of the present invention will be described.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharide of the present invention has a moisturizing effect and can also exhibit a moisturizing effect equivalent to hyaluronic acid. For this reason, the polysaccharide of the present invention is useful as a moisturizing agent blended in pharmaceutical products such as cosmetics and external preparations for skin.

  The humectant of the present invention may be formulated by a conventional method using the polysaccharide of the present invention as it is or using a known pharmaceutical or cosmetic carrier such as waxes, lanolin, surfactant, cetanol and the like. The content of the polysaccharide of the present invention in the humectant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.03 to 2% by weight, and further 0.05 to 1% by weight. Preferably, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight is particularly preferable.

  The moisturizing agent of the present invention can be used as a parent drug such as an injection, a suppository, or an external preparation as a pharmaceutical. As the pharmaceutical carrier, those usually used according to these dosage forms can be used without particular limitation. For example, by using the moisturizing agent of the present invention as an external preparation for skin such as an ointment, cream, liquid, patch, etc., rough skin such as dryness and roughness of the skin can be prevented or improved. When the humectant of the present invention is used as a drug, the dosage of the polysaccharide of the present invention may be appropriately determined according to the molecular weight of the polysaccharide, formulation design, patient age, symptoms, and the like.

  The moisturizing agent of the present invention can also be used as a cosmetic material for facial cosmetics such as lotions, emulsions, creams and packs; makeup cosmetics such as foundations, lipsticks and eye shadows; sunscreen cosmetics (sunscreen agents); body makeup Aroma cosmetics; skin cleansing agents such as make-up removers, body shampoos; hair cosmetics such as hair liquids, hair tonics, hair conditioners, shampoos, rinses, hair restorers, etc. . As the cosmetic carrier, those usually used according to these forms can be used without particular limitation.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, the polysaccharide of this invention has a melanin production inhibitory effect. For this reason, the polysaccharide of the present invention is useful as an active ingredient of a melanin production inhibitor. In general, it is considered that skin darkness, spots, and freckles are generated by stimulating melanocytes by stimulation with ultraviolet rays and the like, and biosynthesized melanin pigments are deposited on the skin. Since the polysaccharide of the present invention can suppress the production of this melanin, it can prevent or improve skin darkness and spots and freckles. The content of the polysaccharide of the present invention in the melanin production inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.9% by weight, and 0.2 to 0 0.8% by weight is more preferable, and 0.3 to 0.7% by weight is particularly preferable.

  The preparation method of the melanin production inhibitor of this invention is not restrict | limited in particular, It can formulate by the method similar to a moisturizer. The melanin production inhibitor of the present invention can be suitably used as a material for whitening cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods and the like. In addition, when using the melanin production inhibitor of this invention as a chemical | medical agent, the dosage of the polysaccharide of this invention should just be determined suitably according to the molecular weight of a polysaccharide, formulation design, a patient's age, a symptom, etc.

  As described above, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharide of the present invention can exert a moisturizing effect, a melanin production inhibitory effect, or both, so as a moisturizing component or a whitening component in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. It can mix | blend suitably. In particular, since cosmetics and external preparations for skin are applied directly to the skin, blending them with these has the advantage that a moisturizing effect and a melanin production inhibitory effect can be obtained more effectively. Hereinafter, specific examples of cosmetics and external preparations for skin containing the polysaccharide of the present invention will be described.

  First, the cosmetic of the present invention will be described. The cosmetic of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the polysaccharide of the present invention. Since the cosmetic of the present invention contains the polysaccharide of the present invention, it has a moisturizing effect, can prevent or improve rough skin such as dryness and roughness of the skin, and can have a whitening effect.

As cosmetics of the present invention, in addition to the polysaccharide of the present invention, for example, fats and oils such as vegetable oil, waxes such as lanolin and beeswax, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, higher alcohols, esters, various surfactants, It can be produced by appropriately blending pigments, fragrances, vitamins, plant / animal extract components, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, preservatives / bactericides, and the like used as usual cosmetic raw materials. Further, when used together with anti-inflammatory cosmetic raw materials such as licorice extract components (particularly glycyrrhetinic acid), diphenhydramine hydrochloride, azulene, dl-α-tocopherol and derivatives thereof, vitamins B ₂ and B _6, etc., the effect is further improved. It can also be increased.

  The form of the cosmetic of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is a facial cosmetic such as lotion, emulsion, cream, pack, etc .; a makeup cosmetic such as foundation, lipstick, or eye shadow; a sunscreen cosmetic; a body cosmetic; Skin cleansing agents such as make-up removers and body shampoos; hair liquids such as hair liquids, hair tonics, hair conditioners, shampoos, rinses, hair restorers and the like.

  In the cosmetic of the present invention, the blending amount of the polysaccharide of the present invention may be appropriately selected according to the form, but it is preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight in terms of dry weight with respect to the total weight of the cosmetic of the present invention. 0.02 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. The blending amount of other additives is not particularly limited as long as it is a range usually used for various types of cosmetics.

  What is necessary is just to manufacture cosmetics of various forms according to a well-known method. The composition of these cosmetics can refer to, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3020353, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-40868, and the like.

  Next, the skin external preparation of the present invention will be described. Since the external preparation for skin of the present invention contains the polysaccharide of the present invention, it has a moisturizing effect, can treat or prevent rough skin such as dryness and roughness of the skin, and can have a whitening effect.

The dosage form of the external preparation for skin of the present invention is arbitrary, solution system, solubilization system, emulsification system, powder dispersion system, water-oil two-layer system, water-oil-powder three-layer system, gel, mist, spray, Any dosage form such as mousse, roll-on, stick, etc. may be used. It is also possible to prepare a preparation impregnated or coated on a sheet such as a nonwoven fabric.
The product form of the external preparation for skin of the present invention is also arbitrary, and examples thereof include ointments, creams, liquids, patches and the like.

  In the external preparation for skin of the present invention, the blending amount of the polysaccharide of the present invention may be appropriately selected according to the dosage form and product form, and is not particularly limited. However, the dry weight relative to the total weight of the external preparation for skin is used. The content is preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 1% by weight, and further preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight.

  For example, as the skin external preparation of the present invention, in addition to the polysaccharide of the present invention, for example, fats and oils such as vegetable oil, waxes such as lanolin and beeswax, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, higher alcohols, esters, various Manufactured by appropriately blending materials used as raw materials for normal external preparations for skin, such as surfactants, pigments, fragrances, vitamins, plant / animal extract components, UV absorbers, antioxidants, antiseptics and bactericides can do. Further, by using it together with anti-inflammatory skin external preparation materials such as licorice extract components (particularly glycyrrhetinic acid), diphenhydramine hydrochloride, azulene, dl-α-tocopherol and derivatives thereof, vitamins B2 and B6, etc., the effect can be further improved. It can also be increased.

  Hereinafter, although an example is given and the present invention is explained still in detail, the present invention is not limited to these.

Manufacture of polysaccharides Into a 500 mL Sakaguchi flask, 50 mL of the medium having the following composition was placed, sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then plated with 1 platinum ear of Halomonas marina ATCC25374 that had been plated. Finally, preculture was performed at 150 strokes per minute at 22 ° C. for 1 day.

<Medium composition (pH 7.0)>
Sucrose 3% by weight
Peptone 0.5% by weight
Yeast extract 0.1% by weight
(Yeast Extract (Beast) (Difco Laboratories))
Artificial seawater 3.6% by weight
(Daigo Artificial Seawater SP (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.))
Pure water remaining

  Next, 1.5 L of the medium having the above composition was placed in a 3 L jar fermenter and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. To this, 15 mL of the culture solution obtained above was inoculated and added, and cultured for 48 hours at a culture temperature of 22 ° C., an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm, and a stirring rate of 400 rpm.

  The bacterial cells were removed from the obtained culture by centrifugation. Two to three times the amount of ethanol was added to the obtained culture supernatant to cause precipitation, and the resulting precipitate was collected by centrifugation. This precipitate was dissolved in a 10% (w / v) aqueous sodium chloride solution, 2-3 times the amount of ethanol was added again to cause precipitation, and the resulting precipitate was collected by centrifugation. After repeating this operation (dissolution, precipitation, recovery) several times, a white precipitate was obtained. The obtained white precipitate was dissolved in pure water, salts and the like were removed by dialysis, and then lyophilized to obtain a white purified polysaccharide.

The polysaccharide was produced three times as described above (Examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3). The properties, ultraviolet absorption spectrum and infrared absorption spectrum of the obtained polysaccharide were as follows.
(1) Property: White powder (2) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: Measured using “UVmini-1240” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. As a representative example, the measurement results of Example 1-3 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, since no absorption was observed at 280 nm and 260 nm, it was confirmed that neither protein nor nucleic acid was contained. In Examples 1-1 and 1-2, it was confirmed that no protein or nucleic acid was contained.
(3) Infrared absorption spectrum: measured using “FT / IR-660plus” manufactured by JASCO Corporation. As a representative example, the measurement results of Example 1-3 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the absorption of hydroxyl groups derived from carbohydrates in the vicinity of 3400 cm ^-1 is 2950 cm CH-derived carbohydrates around ^-1, absorption of CH ₂ is, uronic acid specific to around 1730 cm ^-1 and 1620 cm ^-1 Absorption was observed. Moreover, the same spectrum was detected also in Examples 1-1 and 1-2.

  Furthermore, liquid chromatography analysis and molecular weight measurement were performed on the obtained polysaccharide.

(4) Liquid Chromatography Analysis The polysaccharide obtained in Example 1 was subjected to liquid chromatography analysis. The column used was “Xterra RP18” (manufactured by Waters), and the mobile phase was a mixed solution of 0.2 M sodium borate: acetonitrile = 95: 5 (v / v). The specimen and the sample were prepared as follows.

The polysaccharide obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in 4M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and acid hydrolysis was performed at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. After air cooling, after drying under reduced pressure, 2-propanol was added and the mixture was again dried under reduced pressure to sufficiently remove the acid. To this, pyridine: methanol = 5: 95 (v / v) (40 μL) and acetic anhydride (10 μL) were added, left for 30 minutes for N-acetylation, and dried under reduced pressure.
Next, pure water (10 μL) and ABEE labeling reagent (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) (40 μL) are added to the acid hydrolyzate of the polysaccharide dried under reduced pressure, and kept at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Labeled with ethyl aminobenzoate (ABEE). Furthermore, pure water (200 μL) and chloroform (200 μL) were added thereto, and after centrifugation, the supernatant was used as a specimen.

  12 types of monosaccharides labeled with ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (ABEE) under the same conditions (galacturonic acid, galactose, mannose, glucose, arabiose, ribose, N-acetylmannosamine, xylitol, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, Rhamnose and N-acetylgalactosamine) were used as preparations. The HPLC charts obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-3 are shown in FIGS.

Table 1 shows the molar ratio of each constituent sugar as a result of obtaining from the calibration curve prepared in advance and the peak area of each constituent sugar.

(5) Molecular weight measurement The molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of the obtained polysaccharide was determined using 0.2 M NaCl / 0.2 M phosphate buffer (TSK-GEL (registered trademark) GMPWXL) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation. pH 6.8) was used as a mobile phase, and measurement was performed using a molecular weight-retention time standard curve prepared using pullulan (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and dextran T2000 (manufactured by Amersham Biosciences) having a known molecular weight as standard samples. The flow rate was 0.5 mL / min and the sample concentration was 0.1% (w / v). As a result, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide was as shown in Table 2. The measurement was performed three times, and the average value was taken as the molecular weight of the polysaccharide.

Evaluation of polysaccharide viscosity and moisture retention The polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1 was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a polysaccharide concentration of 0.05% (w / v). Using a B-type viscometer, the viscosity of each aqueous solution at 25 ° C. was measured under the condition of a rotational speed of 6 rpm. For comparison, the viscosity of hyaluronic acid (manufactured by Chisso: Lot No. 065910, molecular weight 1.12 million) was also measured. As a result, the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1 had a viscosity of 23 mPa · s, indicating that it has a sufficiently practical viscosity.

  Next, the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1 was dissolved in 3% (w / v) glycerol to prepare an aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.3% (w / v). Purified water was used as a control, and hyaluronic acid (manufactured by Chisso: Lot No. 065910, molecular weight 1,120,000) 0.3% aqueous solution was used as a positive control.

  The subjects were allowed to rest for 20 minutes in a room at room temperature of 22 ° C. and humidity of 40%, and then each aqueous solution was applied (2 × 2 cm) to the inner side of the forearm. After 3 minutes, the aqueous solution was lightly wiped with cotton, and from this point of time, the skin conductivity was measured until 15 minutes later to evaluate the skin moisture content. For the measurement, a skin surface horn layer water content measuring device “SKICON-200” (manufactured by IBI S Co., Ltd.) was used. The results are shown in Table 3.

  As shown in Table 3, it was confirmed that the polysaccharide of the present invention exhibited a moisturizing effect equivalent to hyaluronic acid.

  Next, monitoring was performed on five women using 100 g of the lotion having the composition shown in Table 4 and 0.3 g of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1 and no additive. And evaluated the stretch and moist feeling in the following five stages (5: very good, 4: excellent, 3: good, 2: not very good, 1: bad). As a result, 3 for 5 people, 1 for 3 people, 1 for 3 people, 5 for 0 people, 4 for 4 people, 3 for 1 person, In comparison, a number of opinions were obtained that the product obtained by adding the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1 has good elongation and a moist feeling. From this result, the high moisturizing property of the skin lotion to which the polysaccharide of the present invention was added was shown.

Melanin production inhibition test The polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1 was dissolved in pure water to obtain a test substance. The polysaccharide concentration is shown in Table 5. B16-F10 melanoma cell suspension prepared to 5 × 10 ⁴ cells / mL using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (“GIBCO011054” manufactured by Invitrogen) containing 10 vol% fetal bovine serum, 100 μg / mL penicillin and 100 μg / mL streptomycin were seeded into each well of 24-well microplates 1.35 mL, 37 ° C., it was cultured for 24 hours under the conditions of 5% CO _2. After culturing for 24 hours, 150 μL of the test substance was added and further cultured for 3 days. After completion of the culture, the entire amount of the culture broth was extracted, and 200 μL of 1 mol / L NaOH solution was added to lyse the cells. ). The melanin production inhibition rate of the test substance was calculated using the following formula. As a control group, a culture solution prepared in the same manner as described above was used except that the test substance was not added. The results are shown in Table 5.
Melanin production inhibition rate (%) = (1− (absorbance of test substance group / absorbance of control group)) × 100

  As is apparent from Table 5, it was shown that the polysaccharide of the present invention exerts a melanin production inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner.

  The polysaccharide of the present invention is useful as a moisturizing component or a whitening component to be blended in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods and the like. By blending the polysaccharide of the present invention, prevention or improvement of rough skin, moisturizing effect and whitening effect can be imparted.

It is the graph which showed the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1. It is the graph which showed the infrared absorption spectrum of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1. It is the chart obtained by the HPLC analysis which shows the constituent monosaccharide of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-1. It is the chart obtained by the HPLC analysis which shows the constituent monosaccharide of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-2. It is the chart obtained by the HPLC analysis which shows the constituent monosaccharide of the polysaccharide obtained in Example 1-3.

Claims (13)

  The constituent sugar consists essentially of 4 types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and the weight average molecular weight measured by gel filtration chromatography is 1,000,000 to 600 Polysaccharides characterized by being ten thousand.   The molar ratio of the constituent sugars is D-ribose: DN-acetylglucosamine: DN-acetylgalactosamine: D-galacturonic acid = 55 to 85: 1 to 30: 1 to 25: 1 to 25. The polysaccharide described.   Constituent sugars consist essentially of four types of D-ribose, DN-acetylglucosamine, DN-acetylgalactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and have a weight average molecular weight of 2.5 million to 450 measured by gel filtration chromatography. The molar ratio of the constituent sugars is D-ribose: DN-acetylglucosamine: DN-acetylgalactosamine: D-galacturonic acid = 65-75: 8-18: 3-13: 3-13 A polysaccharide characterized by that.   The polysaccharide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, obtained by culturing a genus Halomonas.   The polysaccharide according to claim 4, wherein the genus Halomonas is Halomonas marina.   The polysaccharide according to claim 5, wherein Halomonas marina is Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain or a mutant thereof.   The method for producing a polysaccharide according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a bacterium of the genus Halomonas is cultured, and the polysaccharide is separated and purified from the culture.   The production method according to claim 7, wherein the genus Halomonas is Halomonas marina.   The production method according to claim 8, wherein Halomonas marina is Halomonas marina ATCC25374 strain or a mutant thereof.   A humectant comprising the polysaccharide according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The melanin production inhibitor containing the polysaccharide of any one of Claims 1-6.   Cosmetics containing the polysaccharide according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The skin external preparation containing the polysaccharide of any one of Claims 1-6.

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