JP2008307592A - Explosive working method - Google Patents
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- JP2008307592A JP2008307592A JP2007159896A JP2007159896A JP2008307592A JP 2008307592 A JP2008307592 A JP 2008307592A JP 2007159896 A JP2007159896 A JP 2007159896A JP 2007159896 A JP2007159896 A JP 2007159896A JP 2008307592 A JP2008307592 A JP 2008307592A
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCXGETLCANRFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrooxypropan-2-yl nitrate;nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O CCXGETLCANRFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/001—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by explosive charges
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、爆発加工方法に関し、より詳しくは、爆薬の衝撃波を利用し、様々な材料を接合、被覆、圧搾、成形、合成、分解する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an explosive processing method, and more particularly to a method for joining, coating, squeezing, molding, synthesizing, and decomposing various materials using a shock wave of an explosive.
爆薬の衝撃波を利用し、各種材料を接合、被覆、圧搾、成形、合成、分解する方法は広く知られている。通常は、目的とする材料を試料容器に封入後、爆薬の爆轟による衝撃波を直接あるいは間接的に試料に作用させ、目的を達成している。 Methods for joining, coating, squeezing, molding, synthesizing and decomposing various materials using the shock wave of explosives are widely known. Usually, after a target material is sealed in a sample container, a shock wave caused by explosive detonation is applied directly or indirectly to the sample to achieve the purpose.
例えば特許文献1には、円筒形圧搾装置の内部に磁石粉体を充填し、その周囲に爆薬を配置し、爆薬の爆轟と同時に粉体を圧縮固化する方法が開示されている。また、特許文献2には、円筒形圧搾装置の内部に磁石粉体を充填し、その周囲にそれぞれ隔離された水と爆薬を配置し、爆薬の爆轟と同時に磁石粉体を圧縮固化する方法が開示されている。また、特許文献3には、円柱状の試料ホルダー内に硬度のきわめて高い粉末を充填し、その上部に水と火薬をそれぞれ隔離して配置し、爆薬の爆轟と同時に粉末を固化成形する方法が開示されている。また、特許文献4には、試料を充填した板状の装置を水槽内にセットし、爆薬の爆轟と同時に容器内の試料を接合、圧着、被覆、固化、合成させる方法が開示されている。
For example,
しかし、特許文献1〜4の方法は、粉体あるいは板材に対し、爆薬の衝撃波(衝撃圧力)だけを印加する爆発加工方法であり、高硬度材料や高融点材料等を加工する場合に、加工後の割れや歪が発生する場合があった。
However, the methods of
特許文献5には、特許文献3に類似した装置を用いて、より良好な成形体を得るために、粉末を予め加熱し圧縮固化する方法が開示されている。
しかし、特許文献5の方法では、固化する粉末を電気炉等によって事前に加熱することで、加工後の割れや歪を制御することは可能であるが、装置には爆薬が充填されているため、装置全体を加熱することができず、事前に試料容器だけを分離させ、爆薬に影響を及ぼさない距離で加熱する必要がある。そのため、この方法では、まず電気炉が必要であり、かつ試料容器を自動あるいは手動にて移動させる装置も必要であるため、製造コストが高い。
However, in the method of
そこで、本発明は、爆薬を利用した爆発加工方法において、加工後の割れ、歪および接合性等を制御し、かつ低コストで製造性、安全性を向上させた方法を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method in which cracking, strain, and bondability after processing are controlled in an explosive processing method using an explosive, and productivity and safety are improved at low cost. To do.
本発明者等は、鋭意検討を行なった結果、爆薬と被加工材料の間に自己反応性物質を配置することで、前記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明をなすに至った。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above-described problems can be solved by arranging a self-reactive substance between the explosive and the material to be processed, and have made the present invention.
即ち、本発明の爆発加工方法は、爆薬の爆轟によって発生した衝撃波により、該爆薬と被加工材料の間に配置された自己反応性物質を反応させ、前記衝撃波と前記自己反応性物質の反応熱との双方を、前記被加工材料に作用させることを特徴とする。 That is, the explosive processing method of the present invention reacts the self-reactive substance disposed between the explosive and the material to be processed by a shock wave generated by detonation of the explosive, and reacts the shock wave with the self-reactive substance. It is characterized in that both the heat and the work material are allowed to act.
本発明の爆発加工方法によれば、加工後の割れ、歪および接合性を向上させることができる。 According to the explosive processing method of the present invention, it is possible to improve cracking, strain and bondability after processing.
しかも、従来は困難であった高硬度材料や高張力材料等の爆発加工を、安全にかつ効率よく行うことが可能になる。例えば、高硬度材料粉末を基材に被覆させる場合、割れがなくかつ緻密な被覆層が基材上に形成されるため、耐磨耗性の要求される超硬工具鋼やその他耐磨耗材料として使用できる。また、塑性変形のしにくい高張力鋼や伸びの少ないチタン合金、アルミ合金、ニッケル合金を、成形あるいは基材に接合させる場合も、従来の爆発加工法よりも、良好な成形あるいは接合が可能になる。 In addition, it is possible to safely and efficiently perform explosive processing of high hardness materials, high tension materials, and the like, which has been difficult in the past. For example, when a high hardness material powder is coated on a base material, a hard coating layer without cracks and a dense coating layer is formed on the base material. Can be used as Also, when molding high-strength steels that are difficult to plastically deform, titanium alloys with low elongation, aluminum alloys, and nickel alloys are molded or bonded to a substrate, better molding or bonding is possible than with conventional explosive processing methods. Become.
以下、本発明について、粉末を基材表面にコーティングする場合を例にとり、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by taking as an example the case where powder is coated on the surface of a substrate.
図1は、本発明の方法を実施するための装置の一例を示す模式図である。図1に示すように、円柱状の容器8の内部には、基材7が配置され、その表面に粉末6が充填されている。本例においては、基材7と粉末6が、被加工材料である。さらに、粉末6の上には、それぞれ分離板3を介して、自己反応性物質5、水4が、この順で配置され、更にその上に爆薬2が配置されている。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the
そして、雷管1を使って起爆すると、爆薬2の爆轟によって発生した衝撃波が、水4を媒体として伝播し、自己反応性物質5を反応させ、その反応熱が衝撃波とともに粉末6に作用し、粉末6が圧搾固化されて、基材7上にコーティングされる。
Then, when detonation is performed using the
本発明で用いられる爆薬2とは、爆轟波を発生する火薬類であり、火薬類取締法第1章第2条の2に定義された爆薬である。具体的には、硝酸エステル類のPETN(ペンタエリスリトールテトラナイトレート)やニトログリセリン、ニトロ化合物のTNT(トリニトロトルエン)、ニトラミンのシクロトリメチレントリニトラミンやシクロテトラメチレンテトラニトラミンなどが挙げられる。爆薬はこれらの単独を用いてもよく、2種以上の混合物を用いても良い。爆薬の爆速は特に限定されないが、好ましくは2000〜9000m/sec、より好ましくは5000m/sec〜8000m/secである。
また、本発明で用いられる自己反応性物質5としては、例えば、火薬類取締法第1章第2条の1に定義された火薬等、爆轟波を伴わない火薬が挙げられ、爆発時の発生熱量が高いものが好ましい。具体的には、硝酸エステル類のニトログリセリンやニトログリコールやニトロセルロース、過塩素酸を主とするコンポジット推進薬などが挙げられる。自己反応性物質はこれらの単独を用いてもよく、2種類以上の混合物を用いても良い。
Examples of the self-
水4は必要に応じて用いればよく、また衝撃波の伝播状態を変更させるために、水4の代替として油やその他の粘性物質を配置しても良い。水4を用いる場合、衝撃波を作用させる全面に、厚さ1mm以上となるように配置することが好ましい。 The water 4 may be used as necessary, and oil or other viscous substances may be disposed in place of the water 4 in order to change the propagation state of the shock wave. When water 4 is used, it is preferably disposed so as to have a thickness of 1 mm or more on the entire surface on which the shock wave acts.
容器8の材質は、取り扱い時に破壊しないものであれば良いが、金属製が好ましい。また、分離板3は必要に応じて配置すればよく、爆薬2と水4の間に両者を分離させる分離板3を配置してもよい。分離板3は特に材質の限定はないが、薄い金属が好ましく、特に自己反応性物質5の上に配置する分離板3は、熱伝導性の良い銅箔またはアルミ箔が好ましい。
The material of the
被加工材料としては特に限定されないが、金属またはセラミックスからなる粉体、金属またはセラミックスからなる板材等が挙げられ、二種以上の粉体、二種以上の板材が混在していてもよい。特に、本発明は、WC/Co混合粉末等の高硬度材料、高張力鋼や、チタン合金、アルミ合金、ニッケル合金等の高張力材料を被加工材料とした場合に、有用である。 Although it does not specifically limit as a to-be-processed material, The powder which consists of metal or ceramics, the board | plate material which consists of metal or ceramics, etc. are mentioned, Two or more types of powders and two or more types of plate materials may be mixed. In particular, the present invention is useful when a high-hardness material such as a WC / Co mixed powder, a high-tensile steel, or a high-tensile material such as a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, or a nickel alloy is used as a work material.
本発明の加工方法は、コーティングに限定されず、接合、被覆、圧搾、成形、合成、分解等にも適用できる。 The processing method of the present invention is not limited to coating, but can also be applied to joining, coating, pressing, molding, synthesis, decomposition, and the like.
また、本発明を実施するための装置も図1のものに限定されず、例えば、図2、3に示す装置等が挙げられる。 Moreover, the apparatus for implementing this invention is not limited to the thing of FIG. 1, For example, the apparatus shown in FIG.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に示されたものに限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated based on an Example, this invention is not limited to what was shown by the following example.
<実施例1>
図1の装置(軟鋼製、内径30mm)に、以下に示す爆薬等を充填し、雷管1を使って起爆し、粉末を基材の上にコーティングした。尚、分離板としては、粉末上に厚み50μmの銅箔、自己反応性物質上に厚み2mmのSUS板を用いた。
爆薬:SEP爆薬(旭化成ケミカルズ(株)製)、45g(爆速約7000m/sec)
自己反応性物質:ニトロセルロース、3.05g(0.96mm厚、密度約4.5g/cm3)
水:3.53g(5mm厚)
粉末:WC/Co混合粉末(WC75mass%、Co25mass%)、9.82g
基材:SS400、直径3cm×厚さ3mm
<Example 1>
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 (made of mild steel, inner diameter 30 mm) was filled with the following explosives, etc., detonated using the
Explosive: SEP explosive (Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation), 45 g (explosion speed approx. 7000 m / sec)
Self-reactive substance: nitrocellulose, 3.05 g (0.96 mm thickness, density of about 4.5 g / cm 3 )
Water: 3.53g (5mm thickness)
Powder: WC / Co mixed powder (WC75 mass%, Co25 mass%), 9.82 g
Base material: SS400, diameter 3cm x thickness 3mm
目視および光学顕微鏡観察では、コーティング層の割れ・空隙はなく、良好な成形体であることを確認し、コーティング層と基材との接合も良好であった。また、成形体を1100℃、1時間熱処理し、マイクロビッカース硬度計にて硬度を測定した結果、平均1085Hvの高い硬度を示すことも確認した。さらに、ボールオンディスクタイプの磨耗試験により0.1m/sの速度で、1kg荷重を1日作用させて磨耗重量を計測した結果、10mgの磨耗減量であった。 Visual observation and observation with an optical microscope confirmed that the coating layer was free of cracks and voids and was a good molded product, and the coating layer and the substrate were also well bonded. Moreover, as a result of heat-processing a molded object for 1 hour at 1100 degreeC and measuring hardness with a micro Vickers hardness meter, it also confirmed showing the high hardness of an average 1085Hv. Furthermore, as a result of measuring the wear weight by applying a 1 kg load for one day at a speed of 0.1 m / s by a wear test of a ball-on-disk type, the weight loss was 10 mg.
<比較例1>
自己反応性物質を用いない以外は、実施例1と同様にしてコーティングした。
<Comparative Example 1>
Coating was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no self-reactive substance was used.
目視および光学顕微鏡観察では、コーティング層の組織は、実施例1に比べて、粒子の脱落が多く見られた。また、実施例1と同様にして硬度を測定した結果、平均1076Hv程度の硬度を示した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして測定した磨耗減量は17mgであった。 In visual observation and observation with an optical microscope, in the structure of the coating layer, more particles dropped out than in Example 1. Moreover, as a result of measuring the hardness in the same manner as in Example 1, an average hardness of about 1076 Hv was shown. Furthermore, the wear loss measured in the same manner as in Example 1 was 17 mg.
本発明によれば高硬度材料や高張力材料等の爆発加工が可能であり、例えば、本発明により高硬度材料粉末を基材に被覆した加工品は耐磨耗性の要求される超硬工具鋼やその他耐磨耗材料として使用できる。 According to the present invention, explosive processing of a high hardness material, a high tension material, or the like is possible. For example, a processed product in which a base material is coated with a high hardness material powder according to the present invention is a cemented carbide tool that requires wear resistance. Can be used as steel and other wear resistant materials.
また、塑性変形のしにくい高張力鋼や伸びの少ないチタン合金、アルミ合金、ニッケル合金を成形あるいは基材に接合させる場合にも、本発明は有用であるし、新たな合成、分解技術への展開も可能である。 In addition, the present invention is useful when molding high-strength steels that are difficult to plastically deform, titanium alloys with low elongation, aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, or joining to base materials. Deployment is also possible.
1 雷管
2 爆薬
3 分離板
4 水
5 自己反応性物質
6 粉末
7 基材
8 容器
1
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US11084122B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2021-08-10 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Joining of dissimilar materials using impact welding |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN103862697A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Cylindrical underground explosion shock wave compaction device |
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