JP2008302335A - Garbage resource recovery apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage resource recovery apparatus which solves the problem of conventional apparatuses employing microorganisms and recovering recyclable resources from garbage that the quality of recovered resources is unstable, that the recovery rate of resources from garbage is low and the residue after the recovery requires a disposal treatment, that accidents of production of residue in large amounts often occur because the activity of microorganisms cannot be grasped, that energy, e.g. electric power, for control of growing environments for microorganisms tends to be wasted and that the recovery rate of products is uncontrollable because the amount of products with respect to the decomposition lapse time cannot be grasped. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus enables separation extraction and recovery of products produced in the process of decomposing garbage with microorganisms as series of compounds or as single compounds, grasping the production rates of products and reaction heat with respect to the decomposition lapse time and the thermal balance within the treatment vessel and control of the recovery rate for each product. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a garbage resource recovery device that recovers a product generated in a process of decomposing garbage by an aerobic microorganism.

Seafood waste discharged from the aquaculture industry, such as food waste discharged from general households, schools, hospitals and other various facilities, food manufacturing / processing industry, prepared food, food waste discharged from the restaurant industry, etc. As one of the so-called garbage disposal methods, there is a garbage decomposition treatment method utilizing the organic matter decomposing action of microorganisms, and various garbage treatment apparatuses to which this is applied have been put into practical use or have been put into practical use. . In the garbage processing apparatus using the organic matter decomposition action of microorganisms, mainly aerobic microorganisms are used, and the garbage is converted into compost and reused (for example, see Patent Document 1) or water or carbon dioxide. There is a type (see, for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3) that decomposes and processes the inorganic material. Alternatively, there is a type in which methane or lactic acid is recovered as a resource mainly using the organic matter decomposition action of anaerobic microorganisms (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
The above-mentioned several types of conventional garbage processing apparatuses collect compost, methane, lactic acid, and the like from the garbage as reusable resources, and in a broad sense, collect the reusable resources from the garbage. It belongs to the garbage resource recovery device.

In a conventional garbage resource recovery apparatus, there is an apparatus that uses a method in which a microorganism fixing base material and microorganisms settled in microorganisms are placed in a decomposition treatment tank and the ingredients are stirred to promote decomposition of the garbage.

In the type that collects compost and the type that decomposes inorganic matter, the garbage is decomposed mainly by utilizing the organic matter decomposing action of aerobic microorganisms.
In the decomposition process of garbage by aerobic microorganisms, it is decomposed step by step according to the elapsed time of decomposition. First, food waste is decomposed into proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, etc., which are the main components of food waste, and among these, easily degradable organic substances such as proteins that are relatively easy to be decomposed are decomposed into polypeptides, amino acids. It is decomposed into ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water, etc. through intermediate products such as.
Accordingly, in the decomposition treatment tank, garbage fragments, products generated in each decomposition process of garbage, persistent decomposition residues, and the like are mixed together depending on the elapsed decomposition time.
In the case of a garbage resource collection device that collects compost, the contents in the treatment tank are taken out and used for compost after the passage of decomposition time until most of the organic matter that is easily decomposed by microorganisms is decomposed.

In addition, the type that decomposes garbage into minerals has a stage in which it is broken down into intermediate products such as polypeptides, amino acids, and fatty acids through the main components such as protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and water. Then, the organic matter decomposition action of microorganisms is utilized until these are further decomposed into inorganic substances such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water. In addition, the hardly decomposable substances generated in the process of garbage decomposition remain without being decomposed by microorganisms.
Therefore, in the type that decomposes garbage into inorganic substances, most of the products decomposed from the garbage are released into the atmosphere or sewage as gas or water.

Further, in the course of the decomposition process from the garbage to the inorganic matter, the garbage and a part of the generated product are not decomposed but transformed into a hardly decomposable substance and remain as a residue in the decomposition treatment tank. When such a hardly decomposable substance stays in the decomposition treatment tank, it becomes a factor that degrades the growth environment of microorganisms in the decomposition treatment tank and lowers the decomposition performance of garbage. In particular, if a viscous intermediate product such as fatty acid stays in the decomposition treatment tank without being decomposed and adheres to and solidifies on the fungus bed, which is the growth environment of microorganisms, clogging of the voids in the fungus bed occurs. It causes or inhibits the supply of moisture, oxygen and nutrients to microorganisms, resulting in degradation of the degradation performance of microorganisms, which is a factor of increasing the residue remaining in the decomposition treatment tank without being decomposed.

In a garbage resource recovery system that collects methane using anaerobic microorganisms, the garbage is decomposed into lower fatty acids by acid-producing bacteria in each treatment tank, and methane is produced from lower fatty acids using methane bacteria. Then, the produced methane is recovered.
Similarly, in a garbage resource recovery device that collects lactic acid using anaerobic microorganisms, it mainly decomposes carbohydrates into lower fatty acids such as pyruvic acid, and then uses lactic acid bacteria to generate and recover lactic acid. .

In a garbage resource recovery system that uses aerobic microorganisms, in order to efficiently decompose garbage, the microbial growth environment in the decomposition treatment tank is appropriately adjusted so that the amount of microorganisms and metabolic function, that is, the activity of the microorganisms is kept high. It is made into a device to keep it.

In the case of an aerobic microorganism, the main growth environment factors of the microorganism include temperature, moisture content, moisture content, oxygen content, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the like.
Therefore, in order to keep the growth environment of microorganisms appropriately, control such as supply / exhaust, heating, stirring, moisture removal, etc., and control to keep the temperature, moisture content, oxygen content, etc. in the decomposition treatment tank within appropriate ranges. I was going.

On the other hand, since a reaction heat is generated or moisture is generated by a chemical reaction of garbage decomposition of microorganisms, the temperature and the amount of moisture, which are microbial growth environmental factors, are also affected by the action of microorganism decomposition of microorganisms. Therefore, the temperature and the amount of water of the microbial growth environment factor are determined by the influence from the microbial decomposition action and the influence from the microbial growth environment control by the device mechanism such as supply / exhaust, heating, stirring, and water removal.

Controlling the growth environment of microorganisms in the decomposition tank in conventional garbage resource recovery equipment has made it difficult to quantitatively understand the effects of microorganism decomposition in real time, so reaction heat and moisture generation due to microorganism decomposition It was difficult to control the microbial growth environment factor using the speed, and mainly the temperature and water content, which are the microbial growth environment factor, were controlled using external energy such as electric power that was easy to control.

Next, the resource recovery timing control in the conventional garbage resource recovery apparatus is, for example, when recovering compost, measures the elapsed time (decomposition elapsed time) after putting the garbage into the decomposition treatment tank, and in the decomposition treatment tank A method was adopted in which compost was recovered after a certain period of elapsed time, when it was determined empirically that the decomposition had progressed until the contents became an appropriate compost component.
JP 7-33572 A JP2006-281167 JP2006-289181 Osugi Yasuhiro et al. “Microbiology” Chemistry Takeshi Sako et al. "Waste disposal / recycling technology" CMC Publishing

A conventional garbage resource recovery device that collects compost, that is, a type that takes out the entire product generated in the decomposition tank during the decomposition process of microorganisms as a resource, is input to the resource to be recovered. It is a mixture of garbage and products generated in the decomposition process and stagnant. Therefore, the quality of recovered resources is affected by the composition of the components of the garbage to be input and the mixing ratio of the components constituting the mixture. For this reason, there are problems in the quality of the resource to be recovered, such as the quality of the resource to be recovered is not stable and it is difficult to produce a specific quality.

In addition, the conventional type that decomposes garbage into inorganic substances by microorganisms releases most of the products generated in the decomposition process into the sewage and the atmosphere, and wastes it without collecting resources from the garbage. There was a problem of being. In addition, a part of the intermediate product generated during the decomposition process from garbage to inorganic matter is changed into a hardly decomposable substance and remains as a residue without being decomposed into the inorganic substance. Furthermore, the substance that has changed into a hardly degradable substance and stays has become a factor that hinders the growth environment of microorganisms, and has a problem of degrading the decomposition performance of garbage by microorganisms and increasing residues.

In addition, conventional garbage resource recovery devices that collect specific substances that recover methane, lactic acid, etc. from food waste as reusable resources recover only a portion of the food waste as resources. The residue was discarded.

In addition, it is difficult to quantitatively grasp the heat of reaction and the amount of water generated in the decomposition process of garbage, which affects the microbial growth environment, in real time during the decomposition process of microorganisms. There was a problem that energy such as electric power used for operation of an apparatus related to control of the microorganism growth environment such as temperature, moisture content and viscosity of substances in the decomposition treatment tank, which are environmental factors, was wasted.

In addition, in order to proceed with the decomposition process of garbage in a state where the activity of microorganisms cannot be grasped, if the activity of microorganisms is low, the input garbage remains as a residue, and there is a problem of disposal of a large amount of residue Was causing.

Furthermore, in the recovery of products generated during the process of garbage decomposition by microorganisms, since the amount of each substance generated with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition cannot be quantitatively grasped, the start time for recovering each product In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to appropriately determine the end time, and a problem that the recovery ratio with respect to the total amount of each substance generated by decomposition cannot be controlled.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem, and products produced in each process of the decomposition of garbage by microorganisms are compounds of the same series (compounds having the same functional group such as fatty acid homologues). ) And a single chemical substance can be separated, extracted and recovered, and the reaction heat generation rate, moisture generation rate and decomposition reaction in the decomposition reaction of the garbage input by microorganisms with respect to the decomposition elapsed time Calculate the heat balance in the treatment tank where wastewater is generated, use the heat of reaction and moisture generated from the decomposition of garbage to control the temperature of the contents of the treatment tank, the amount of moisture, etc., and the garbage It is possible to quantitatively measure the activity of microorganisms based on the heat generation rate of the decomposition reaction in real time with respect to the elapsed decomposition time. It is an object to realize the possibility and the garbage resource recovery system to control the timing of recovering the product produced by the decomposition process of the garbage by microorganisms have.

The present invention achieves the above object as follows.
The invention according to claim 1 is the means for eluting the amino acid and fatty acid of the intermediate product produced in the garbage decomposition process by microorganisms and mixed in the contents of the treatment tank in a garbage resource recovery device using a solvent, Liquid component separation / extraction means for separating and extracting the intermediate product contained in the solution in which the intermediate product is dissolved for each component, and water vapor generated in the process of biodegradation of microorganisms and discharged to the gas phase part of the treatment tank It has a means for collecting minute water droplets (mist) floating in the gas phase as moisture (liquid).
According to the above configuration, the present invention makes it possible to recover a product produced in the process of microbial decomposition of garbage for each of the same series compounds or single compounds.

The invention according to claim 2 is a means for eluting a product other than amino acids and fatty acids produced in the garbage decomposition process by microorganisms and mixed in the contents of the treatment tank with a solvent in the garbage resource recovery device, Liquid component separation and extraction means for separating and extracting the product contained in the solution in which the product is dissolved for each component, and water vapor generated in the biodegradation process of microorganisms and discharged to the treatment tank gas phase or the treatment tank gas phase It is characterized by comprising gas component separation and recovery means for separating and extracting the product excluding water droplets floating in the section for each component.
According to the present invention, the product generated in the microbial decomposition process of garbage is recovered for each of the same series compounds or single compounds, and is reusable generated from the garbage in the microbial decomposition process. It was possible to increase the resource recovery rate.

The invention according to claim 3 calculates the heat generation rate and moisture generation rate in the decomposition reaction of garbage input by microorganisms with respect to the elapsed decomposition time, and the heat balance in the treatment tank in which the decomposition reaction occurs. And microbial activity evaluation means for calculating the reaction heat generation rate actually generated in the processing tank from the processing tank contents temperature measurement data and evaluating the microbial activity based on the reaction heat generation speed. It is characterized by.
The present invention makes it possible to measure the microbial activity, that is, the decomposition performance quantitatively in real time with respect to the elapsed decomposition time, and to treat the reaction heat and moisture generated during the decomposition process of garbage. It was possible to control the microbial growth environment such as the temperature and water content of the tank contents.

The invention according to claim 4 uses the data obtained from the carbon dioxide concentration measuring means in the gas phase of the processing tank, the viscosity measuring means for measuring the viscosity of the contents of the processing tank, and the data obtained from the two means to determine the product recovery timing. A product recovery timing evaluation means for controlling is provided.
According to the above configuration, the present invention calculates the production rate of a product generated in the process of decomposition of garbage by microorganisms with respect to the elapsed decomposition time, and generates the generated product for each series compound or single compound. The recovery timing can be controlled based on the product generation speed and the recovery ratio with respect to the total generation amount.

As described above, in the present invention, the products produced in the process of decomposition of garbage by microorganisms are separated, extracted and recovered as the same series compounds or single compounds, respectively, so that the quality of the recycled materials is stabilized. And has the effect of improving quality. In addition, there is an effect of improving the reusability of the collected resources.

In addition, the recyclable products generated in each process during the decomposition process of microorganisms are separated and recovered as compounds of the same series or as a single compound, respectively, thereby increasing the recycling rate of garbage and simultaneously Reduces the total amount of waste generated from waste treatment and reduces the amount of environmentally hazardous substances generated during the garbage decomposition process and discharged outside the equipment, such as the atmosphere and sewage, during the operation of the garbage resource recovery equipment. There is an effect to reduce.
In addition, by collecting ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and the like, which are odor-causing substances of products generated in the process of cracking garbage, there is an effect of reducing the odor of exhaust discharged from the garbage resource recovery device.

In addition, by quantifying the activity of microorganisms in real time, if abnormalities in the activity of microorganisms are detected at any time after the introduction of garbage, measures to recover the activity of microorganisms can be taken, so that There is an effect of preventing or suppressing an accident that the action is reduced and a large amount of residue is generated.
Also, by controlling the growth environment of microorganisms using reaction heat and moisture generated by the decomposition reaction of garbage by microorganisms with respect to the degradation elapsed time, temperature control, moisture control, supply / exhaust control and stirring There is an effect that energy consumption such as electric power related to the operation of the apparatus for maintaining the microbial growth environment such as control can be minimized.

In addition, there is an effect that the recovery rate with respect to the total production amount can be controlled for each produced product by controlling the timing of collecting the produced product based on the production rate of the product and the recovery ratio with respect to the total production amount. . In addition, there is an effect of suppressing the recovery cost by suppressing the useless recovery operation that performs the recovery operation even when the amount of the product to be recovered is small.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a garbage resource recovery apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows details of a part of the operation / display panel in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the garbage resource recovery device is generated by the garbage processing unit 1 that performs the decomposition process of the garbage and the elution process of the product generated by the decomposition process, and the elution process of the garbage processing unit 1. A valve 2 for controlling the delivery of the solution to the outside, a liquid component recovery unit 3 for separating and extracting the solution sent from the processing unit 1 by opening the valve 2 for each component and recovering a product; A water recovery tank 4 for storing water (liquid) generated in the section 1, a gas component recovery section 5 for separating and recovering gas products generated in the decomposition process of the garbage processing section 1 for each component, and garbage It is mainly composed of an operation / display panel 6 that performs operation and status display of the resource recovery apparatus, and a control unit 7 that includes a microcomputer, a sequencer, an electric circuit, and the like that control the entire garbage resource recovery apparatus.

The garbage processing unit 1 includes a processing tank 101, a processing tank content 102, a stirring mechanism 103 that stirs the processing tank content 102, a drive motor unit 104 that drives the stirring mechanism 103, and external air. In this case, the air that has been taken in is heated by a heater and then sent to the processing tank 101 to supply air to the processing tank contents 102, and at the same time, an air supply heating unit 105 that can heat the processing tank contents 102, the processing tank 101. The exhaust fan 106 that sends the gas in the gas phase part to the gas component recovery part, water vapor generated in the decomposition process of garbage in the treatment tank 101 and mist floating in the gas phase part as minute water droplets (moisture ( A dew condenser 107 that is recovered as a liquid), a spraying unit 108 that sprays a solvent for elution treatment of a product generated in the decomposition process of garbage into the processing tank 101, and a solvent is sent to the spraying unit 108 A valve 109 to be opened at a time, a solvent container 110 for storing the solvent to be sprayed, a mass sensor 111 for sequentially measuring the mass of the processing tank contents 102, a temperature sensor 112 for sequentially measuring the temperature of the processing tank contents 102, Carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 113 for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas phase of the processing tank, viscosity measuring unit 114 for measuring the viscosity of the processing tank contents 102, reaction heat generation rate generated in the decomposition reaction of garbage, moisture generation From the microbial activity evaluation unit 115 that calculates the speed and heat balance in the processing tank and quantitatively evaluates the activity of the microorganisms in real time, and the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116 that generates the product recovery timing It is mainly composed.

The liquid component recovery unit 3 takes in the solution from the liquid component recovery tank 301 that temporarily stores the solution generated in the processing tank 101 and the liquid component recovery tank 301, and separates and extracts the liquid component contained in the solution for each component. The liquid component separation and extraction unit 302 is mainly configured.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a part of the operation / display panel 6 in detail. The input garbage mass setting switch 601 for setting the mass of the input garbage, and the input for setting the composition ratio of the food category of the input garbage. The garbage composition ratio setting switch 602 informs the microbial activity evaluation unit 115 of the timing when the garbage is input, and at the same time, the setting information of the input garbage mass setting switch 601 and the input garbage composition ratio setting switch 602 includes the microorganism activity. It is mainly composed of a loading completion button 603 for informing the evaluation unit 115 and a disassembly performance abnormality display lamp 604 for notifying the user of the disassembly performance abnormality when the disassembly performance abnormality is detected.

Next, the operation of the garbage resource recovery device will be described.
Of the garbage processing unit 1, the liquid component recovery unit 3, the water recovery process of recovering moisture (liquid) in the water recovery tank 4, the gas component recovery unit 5, the microbial activity evaluation unit 115, and the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116 Each operation will be described in turn.

The “operation of the garbage processing unit 1” will be described below.
The operation of the garbage processing unit 1 mainly includes two operations of garbage decomposition processing and elution processing. Therefore, the operation of the garbage decomposition process and the elution process will be described in order.

The “garbage decomposition processing operation” will be described below.
Microorganisms used for the decomposition of garbage are used after being fixed on a microorganism-fixing substrate having a porous structure such as a wood chip or a ceramic ball in order to maintain the growth environment of the microorganisms. The microorganism fixing base material on which the microorganisms have been fixed is placed in the processing tank 101, the garbage which is the object to be processed is put into the processing tank 101, and the stirring is performed using the stirring mechanism 103 connected to the drive motor unit 104. To do.

Typical food waste includes vegetables, fish, and grains, and the main components are water, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash. Therefore, in the process of garbage decomposition by aerobic microorganisms, the main components of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash are generated in the initial stage of decomposition by breaking down the structure of the garbage, for example, as fish. In the intermediate stage of decomposition, intermediate products such as polypeptides, amino acids and fatty acids are generated from the main components. In the final stage of decomposition, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and the like are generated from the intermediate products.

In addition, in the process of stirring the garbage and the microorganism fixing substrate in the treatment tank 101, a part of the wood chips used for the microorganism fixing substrate is shredded and further pulverized and It remains without being decomposed. When a ceramic ball is used as the microorganism fixing substrate, it is not decomposed into microorganisms and stays in the processing tank without being crushed even by stirring.
In addition, some of the metals and vegetable fibers contained in the garbage remain in the treatment tank as a hardly decomposable substance.

Furthermore, a part of the intermediate product is mixed with the substance in the treatment tank 101 to be agglomerated and solidified to remain in the treatment tank as a hardly decomposable substance.
In the treatment tank 101, the substances that are difficult to be decomposed by the microorganisms and stay in the treatment tank for a long time are collectively referred to as a hardly decomposed residue.

Therefore, the processing tank content 102 is a substance in the processing tank 101 during the decomposition process, and is a mixture of garbage, a microorganism fixing substrate, a product generated by decomposition, and a hardly decomposed residue.

As described above, when the garbage decomposition process is repeated, the hardly decomposed residue is accumulated in the treatment tank 101. In the treatment tank 101, the persistent residue also serves as a medium for growing and propagating microorganisms. That is, the hardly-decomposable residue also functions to support microorganisms like the microorganism fixing substrate. Accordingly, here, substances including the microorganism fixing substrate and the hardly decomposed residue and functioning to support microorganisms in the treatment tank are collectively referred to as a fungus bed.

The ability to decompose garbage by microorganisms is proportional to the amount of microorganisms that contribute to garbage decomposition and their metabolic capacity, that is, the activity of microorganisms, but the activity of microorganisms depends on the growth environment of microorganisms that influence the growth of microorganisms. It depends. Among the environmental factors of aerobic microorganisms that are particularly important are oxygen, moisture, temperature, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the like. Therefore, in the garbage processing part 1, control which maintains the growth environment of microorganisms is performed appropriately.

The supply air heating unit 105 takes in outside air and heats the outside air taken in as necessary, and sends it to the processing tank 101. In addition, by stirring the processing tank contents 102 using the stirring mechanism 103, the outside air sent to the processing tank 101 is spread over the entire processing tank contents 102, oxygen is supplied to the fungus bed, and the processing tank The temperature of the content 102 is controlled.

The supply of moisture includes moisture attached to the garbage and moisture generated by the decomposition of the garbage, or if the moisture is still insufficient, the moisture is replenished from the outside. Further, the moisture reduction is performed by collecting water vapor or mist in the gas phase portion of the processing tank 101 as moisture (liquid) by the dew condenser 107 installed in the processing tank 101, and the moisture (liquid) is recovered in the water recovery tank 4. The moisture in the processing tank 101 is reduced by taking it out. In addition, the exhaust fan 106 is used to control the amount of moisture in the processing tank by controlling the discharge amount of gas containing water vapor and mist in the gas phase portion in the processing tank 101.

The control unit 7 controls the entire garbage processing unit 1 so that the garbage processing unit 1 functions. That is, by controlling the drive motor unit 104, the supply air heating unit 105, the exhaust fan 106, etc., the amount of stirring of the processing tank contents 102, the supply of oxygen, the amount of heating, the amount of exhaust and dewatering are adjusted, etc. Controls the decomposition process.

Next, the “elution processing operation” will be described below.
The product generated in the above-described decomposition process of garbage and the hardly decomposed residue remaining without being decomposed are mixed with the bacteria fixing base material and the fragments of the garbage to form the treatment tank contents 102, and partly Adheres to the inner wall of the processing tank 101 or stays in a fine space in the fungus bed. In addition, a high-viscosity substance such as a fatty acid forms a nodule composed of a fungus-fixing base material, garbage fragments and products, persistent decomposition residues, and the like. Furthermore, a part of the baby boom is solidified and remains in the treatment tank 101 as a hardly decomposed residue.
The products generated in the decomposition process of the garbage contained in the treatment tank contents 102 can be reused as resources. As a first step for recovering the products as these reusable resources, the garbage processing unit 1 performs the elution process from the garbage decomposition process when the intermediate product production amount reaches a certain level. Migrate to

As a method of separating and recovering the product generated in the processing tank 101 and contained in the processing tank contents 102 from other substances, a method of dissolving the product and recovering the solution is used.
As the solvent used for dissolving the product, a solvent is selected according to the chemical properties of each substance to be dissolved. For example, as the solvent to be used, in addition to an aqueous solution containing a polar solvent, a solvent such as a hydrophilic solvent, a hydrophobic solvent, an ambipolar solvent, a solvent containing a surfactant, or a solvent under alkaline conditions can be selected.

In the elution process, the valve 109 is opened, the solvent in the solvent container 110 is guided to the spraying unit 108, and the solvent is sprayed into the processing tank 101. At the same time, the processing tank contents 102 and the solvent are stirred using the drive motor unit 104 and the stirring mechanism 103. The content of the treatment tank 102 is mixed with a solvent to become a turbid liquid, the solvent penetrates into the nodule solidified substance, and the product to which the substance in the nodule is adhered dissolves, whereby the nodule collapses, Solid microbial colonization base materials, garbage and persistent residues that have formed baby booms are separated and separated. In addition, the product buried in the voids of the microorganism fixing substrate is also eluted, and the microorganism fixing substrate returns to the original material having many voids. Furthermore, the substance that has adhered and solidified on the inner wall of the treatment tank 101 is also peeled off from the inner wall by the permeation and stirring of the solvent, and the peeled substance is separated into the substance that formed the same as the nodule solidified substance. And fall apart.
Therefore, by injecting the solvent and stirring the contents of the processing tank 102, a solution in which the product is dissolved in the solvent becomes a solution, and the solidified substance is the original solid substance that has formed the nodule, that is, the microorganism It is separated into a fixing substrate, garbage fragments, a hardly decomposable substance, etc., and becomes a turbid liquid in which these solid substances are mixed in the solution.

On the other hand, by dissolving the product with the solvent, the clogging of the voids in the fungus bed caused by the adhesion of the product is eliminated, and the product is solidified and agglomerated due to the viscosity of the product. As a result, the deterioration of the microbial growth environment characteristics of the fungus bed is restored.
In the garbage processing unit 1, microorganisms in the treatment tank 101 have been killed or decreased in activity by the elution treatment. Therefore, after removing the solution from the treatment tank 101, A fixing process is performed to restore the activity of the microorganisms in the processing tank 101, and the garbage is again restored to a state where it can be decomposed.

Next, the “operation of the liquid component recovery unit 3” will be described.
In the second step of product recovery, the turbid liquid containing the solid material produced in the treatment tank 101 by the elution process of the garbage processing unit 1 is taken out through a filter (not shown), and only the solution is taken out by the valve 2. Is moved to the liquid component recovery tank 301 of the liquid component recovery unit 3.

In the third step, the solution in the liquid component recovery tank 301 is guided to the liquid component separation and extraction unit 302, where the product contained in the solution is separated and extracted and recovered. Separation and extraction of the components contained in the solution include chromatographic separation and extraction using the physicochemical properties of substances such as distribution, adsorption, molecular excretion, and ion exchange, and transfer of solutes under an electric field. Separation and extraction is performed using an electrophoresis method that separates the direction and speed based on the size, shape, charge code, and quantity of the solute.

Next, “the water recovery process and the operation of the water recovery tank 4” will be described.
Moisture is generated in the process where garbage is decomposed by microorganisms in the treatment tank 101. The water produced is an important reusable resource obtained from food waste. A part of the generated water is in the state of water vapor or mist, and is contained in the gas in the gas phase portion in the processing tank 101.
The surface temperature of the portion in contact with the gas in the gas phase portion of the dew condenser 107 installed in the gas phase portion of the processing tank 101 is kept lower than the temperature of the gas in the gas phase portion of the processing tank 101, Water (liquid) is recovered on the surface of the dew condensation device 107 as a larger water droplet by condensing water vapor or by collecting mist-like minute water droplets. As a method of keeping the surface temperature of the dew condensation device 107 relatively low, a part of the outside air taken in by the supply air heating unit 105 is taken into the inside of the dew condensation device 107 to exchange heat with the dew condensation device surface, and the dew condensation device surface temperature is changed to the outside air temperature. There is a way to keep it. The water (liquid) obtained by the dew condenser 107 is guided to the water recovery tank 4 through a pipe, thereby recovering moisture generated from the garbage.

Next, the “operation of the gas component recovery unit 5” will be described.
In the treatment tank 101, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and the like are generated during the decomposition process of garbage, and are released into the gas phase portion of the treatment tank 101, where a gas mixed with air is formed. The gas in the gas phase in the processing tank 101 is discharged from the processing tank 101 by the exhaust fan 106 and guided to the gas component recovery unit 5.

The gas component recovery unit 5 performs a process of separating and extracting carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and the like contained in the gas sent from the processing tank 101, and recovers each component.
As a method for separating and extracting the components contained in the gas in the gas component recovery unit 5, a method is used in which a chemical solution is sprinkled in the gas flow to generate and recover a reactant by a chemical reaction such as a neutralization reaction. The gas component recovery unit 5 recovers the generated components in the exhaust gas using a scrubber device using this method. In addition, as a method for preventing carbon dioxide from being discharged out of the apparatus, there is a method for introducing carbon dioxide into an organism having high carbon dioxide immobilization ability, for example, a culture tank such as diatom and immobilizing it.

According to the above configuration, since the products generated in the process of decomposition of garbage by microorganisms are separated and extracted and recovered as the same series compounds or single compounds, respectively, the quality of the recycled material is stabilized, and It has the effect of improving quality. In addition, it exhibits the effect of improving the reusability of the collected resources.
In addition, increase the rate of recycling of garbage, and at the same time reduce the total amount of waste generated from garbage disposal, and also generate in the atmosphere and sewage, etc., generated during the garbage decomposition process during operation of the garbage resource recovery unit. Reduces the environmental burden by reducing the amount of environmentally hazardous substances discharged outside the equipment.
In addition, by collecting ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and the like generated during the decomposition process of garbage, the effect of reducing the odor of exhaust discharged from the garbage resource recovery device is exhibited.

Next, “the operation of the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115” will be described step by step.
First, a physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms, which is an operation principle of the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115, will be described. Next, a microbial activity evaluation method based on a physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms will be described. Finally, the operation of the microbial activity evaluation unit 115 based on the above physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms and the microbial activity evaluation method will be described.

Below, “physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms” will be explained.
The activity of microorganisms, that is, the amount of microorganisms and the metabolic capacity thereof can be observed by the amount of chemical reaction per unit time operated by the microorganism, that is, the chemical reaction rate. Since the chemical reaction rate is proportional to the reaction heat generation rate associated with the chemical reaction, the activity of the microorganism can be measured by the reaction heat generation rate associated with the chemical reaction.
The following physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms shows that the rate of heat generation by reaction of decomposition of organic matter can be obtained from the temperature change rate of the contents of the treatment tank, and the activity of microorganisms can be quantitatively measured in real time. ing.
The physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms is a model in which the following three models are linked and integrated. That is, there are three models: a decomposition chemical reaction model, a decomposition reaction heat model, and a treatment tank heat balance model. This will be described in order below.

The “decomposition chemical reaction model” will be described below.
Garbage is decomposed by the metabolic function of microorganisms. Based on this idea, this decomposition chemical reaction model shows the decomposition characteristics of food waste by aerobic microorganisms, and is a chemical reaction equation for hydrolysis / oxidation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, etc., which are the main components of food waste (below) , Decomposition chemical reaction equation) and its chemical reaction rate equation are used.
With this chemical reaction rate equation, the amount of decomposition products, the decomposition generation rate, etc. can be quantitatively predicted with respect to the decomposition elapsed time after the garbage is charged.
Using the above chemical reaction rate equation, it was confirmed that this model closely approximated the actual garbage decomposition characteristics when compared with some actual measured values of the actual garbage decomposition characteristics. .
Hereinafter, an outline of the decomposition chemical reaction formula will be described.

This decomposition chemical reaction formula is based on the following decomposition reaction process.
Protein (P)-> Amino Acid (A)-> Inorganic (DP)
Lipid (L)-> Fatty acid (LA), Glycerin-> Inorganic substance (DL)
Carbohydrate (HC)-> inorganic substance (DHC)
Cytoplasmic water (W)-> Free water (DW)
That is, a protein produces an intermediate product, amino acid (A) via hydrolysis through a polypeptide, and the amino acid is decomposed into inorganic substances (carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) by an oxidation reaction. .
Lipid (L) is decomposed into an intermediate product, fatty acid (LA) and glycerin by hydrolysis, and the intermediate product is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by an oxidation reaction. Carbohydrates are decomposed into inorganic carbon dioxide and water as a one-step decomposition reaction.
In addition, the water contained in the cytoplasm of food that constitutes food waste, that is, the water in the cytoplasm (W) is released outside the cytoplasm when the cell wall is decomposed during the process of microbial decomposition, and is separated from the cytoplasm and released. That is, free water (DW) is generated.
In the above decomposition reaction process, the production amount (mole) of the product generated from 1 mol each of protein, lipid and carbohydrate of the garbage components is obtained from the respective decomposition chemical reaction equations. A representative example of the production amount (mole) is shown in Table 1 (a typical composition formula amount is used for protein).

In addition, as a method to determine the amount of product for each decomposition reaction process with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition, the biological characteristics of the microorganism group contributing to the decomposition are used as a black box, and the amount of product is experimentally determined with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition. There is a method of obtaining a function form that approximates a physical quantity curve. Based on this idea, the following product form that approximates the product amount curve is used, and the actual product amount can be approximated well by setting the parameters of the function form to fit the product amount curve obtained in the experiment. I confirmed.
That is,
The relationship between the amount of reactant R and the amount of product E in the one-stage decomposition reaction with respect to the elapsed decomposition time t is expressed using the exponential function exp ().
R = R0exp (-a * t)
E = R0 (1-exp (-a * t))
However,
RO is the initial input reactant amount a is the decomposition reaction rate constant, and in the case of a two-stage decomposition reaction,
R = R0exp (-a1 * t)
M = R0 * (f1exp (-a1 * t) -f2exp (-a2 * t))
E = R0 * (f3exp (-a1 * t) -f4exp (-a2 * t))
However,
M is the amount of intermediate product,
a1 and a2 are the first and second stage decomposition reaction rate constants,
f1, f2, f3, and f4 are constants derived from parameters a1 and a2, and using this function form, a function indicating a product amount curve of each product generated from garbage, that is, a decomposition product expression is expressed as follows: It describes as follows.
However, in the function notation f (t; a1, a2, a3,...), T is a variable, and a1, a2, a3,.
P (t) = P (t; p0, k1); remaining protein
A (t) = A (t; p0, k1, k2); Amino acid production
DA (i) (t) = DA (i) (t; p0, k1, k2); amount of mineral (i) produced from protein
L (t) = L (t; l0, m1); remaining amount of lipid
LA (t) = LA (t; l0, m1, m2); fatty acid production
DL (i) (t) = DL (i) (t; l0, m1, m2); amount of mineral (i) produced from lipid
HC (t) = HC (t; hc0, n); remaining carbohydrate amount
DHC (i) (t) = DHC (i) (t; hc0, n); amount of mineral (i) produced from carbohydrate
W (t) = W (t; w0, p);
DW (t) = DW (t; w0, p); free water production amount generated from cytoplasmic water
CO2 (t) = DA (CO2) (t) + DL (CO2) (t) + DHC (CO2) (t); carbon dioxide production
H2O (t) = DA (H2O) (t) + DL (H2O) (t) + DHC (H2O) (t) + DW (H2O) (t);
NH3 (t) = DA (NH3) (t); Ammonia production
H2S (t) = DA (H2S) (t); hydrogen sulfide production amount, where t is the decomposition elapsed time, p0, l0, hc0, w0 are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, cytoplasm contained in the input garbage The initial mass of the internal moisture, k1, k2, m1, m2, n, and p are decomposition reaction rate constants when the respective components are decomposed, and the suffix number is 1 for decomposition (hydrolysis), 2 Indicates the constant of the subsequent decomposition (oxidation reaction).
The decomposition reaction rate constant is obtained from actual measurements by conducting an experiment of garbage decomposition using a group of microorganisms actually used for garbage decomposition.

Further, the decomposition generation rate equation is derived by taking the time differentiation of the above decomposition generation amount equation. Therefore, here, for example, the degradation rate of amino acids is expressed as dA / dt.

In addition, the composition of food components contained in the raw garbage can be roughly calculated as follows.
That is, food waste is classified into vegetables, fish meat, cereals, and moisture, and for each food category, a plurality of types of food belonging to the food category are selected, and this is used as a food representative of the food category. The amount of food components contained in 100 g of representative foods of each selected category is obtained from the published standard food ingredient table, and the average value is determined as the amount of food components for that food category. Table 2 shows examples of food components classified by food category.

Therefore, using this food category food composition table, if the total amount of food waste to be input and the composition ratio of the above food categories (hereinafter referred to as “food category composition ratio”) are known, the amount of food components contained in the food waste to be input, that is, , P0, l0, hc0, w0 are obtained.

From the above, according to the total amount of garbage to be input (S), its food category composition ratio (Sp: Sl: Shc: Sw), and six decomposition rate constants (k1, k2, m1, m2, n, p) By using the decomposition reaction rate equation, it is possible to quantitatively calculate the decomposition characteristics of the garbage, that is, the reduction rate of the garbage, the production rate of the product generated by the decomposition, and the like.

Next, the “decomposition heat model” will be described.
In the process of garbage being decomposed by microorganisms, a free energy change occurs due to the decomposition reaction, part of which is used for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms, part of which is released to the outside as heat of decomposition reaction, part of which Heat exchange is performed with the processing tank contents 102 to increase the temperature of the processing tank contents 102. Generally, when the activity of microorganisms is high in the decomposition of garbage, and therefore the decomposition efficiency of garbage is high, the temperature rise of the treatment tank contents also increases. On the other hand, when the activity of the microorganisms is low, the decomposition of garbage does not progress so much, and the temperature rise of the contents of the treatment tank tends to remain small. Therefore, the temperature change of the content of the treatment tank due to the heat of decomposition reaction is an important clue for estimating the activity of microorganisms in the decomposition of garbage.

Table 3 shows typical heat of reaction per mole in each decomposition reaction process. From the heat of reaction per mole in Table 3 and the above-described decomposition product quantity formula and decomposition reaction rate formula, the decomposition reaction heat quantity formula H (t) and the decomposition reaction heat production rate formula dH (t) / dt with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition are obtained. .

Based on the above decomposition reaction heat model, the decomposition reaction calorific value equation H (t) and the decomposition reaction heat generation rate equation dH (t) / dt are calculated from the total amount of garbage to be input and the food category composition ratio of the garbage. The amount of reaction heat and reaction heat generation rate associated with the decomposition of garbage by microorganisms can be calculated with respect to the decomposition elapsed time t.

Next, the “treatment tank heat balance model” will be described.
As described above, the temperature rise and the rate of temperature rise of the treatment tank contents 102 correlate with the activity of microorganisms, but the thermal element that determines the temperature of the treatment tank contents 102 is not only the heat of decomposition reaction but also various heats. There are elements, which are determined as the overall result. That is, as a heat element for exchanging heat with the processing tank contents 102, in addition to the decomposition reaction heat, the outside air is taken in by the supply air heating unit 105, and the air sent to the processing tank 101 gas phase part as it is or after heating the outside air. , Exhaust heat accompanying exhaust of the gas in the gas phase of the processing tank 101 to the outside by the exhaust fan 106, condensation heat of water vapor in the processing tank 101, and heat of evaporation of water (liquid) .
Therefore, when estimating the reaction heat quantity of microorganisms from the actually measured temperature of the processing tank contents 102, it is necessary to exclude the influence of thermal elements other than the decomposition reaction heat from the thermal elements that determine the temperature of the processing tank contents 102. is there.
In the physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms, the temperature rise of the treatment tank contents 102 is excluded from the measured temperature of the treatment tank contents 102 using the heat balance model of the treatment tank, and the influence of thermal elements other than the decomposition reaction heat is excluded. The heat generation rate of the decomposition reaction that contributed to the above is calculated.

As described above, the following thermal elements affect the temperature of the processing tank contents 102 in the processing tank 101.
(1) Heat of decomposition reaction per unit time (HB (t))
Generally, the energy used for microbial in vivo reaction and life support is 60% of the energy obtained by microbial metabolic reaction. 40% of the heat generated.
(2) Heat exchange amount of processing tank contents 102 per unit time (HR (t)) (when HR (t)> 0, the processing tank contents 102 absorb heat from the surroundings)
(3) Waste heat HD (t) per unit time discharged to the outside by exhaust (hereinafter referred to as waste heat)
(4) Evaporation heat HV (t) per unit time due to vaporization of moisture in the processing tank contents 102 containing moisture generated by decomposition (hereinafter referred to as evaporation heat)
(5) Condensation heat HM (t) per unit time due to liquefaction of water vapor in the gas phase of the processing tank 101 (hereinafter referred to as condensation heat)
(6) Amount of heat HH (t) per unit time brought by the air fed into the treatment tank 101 after taking outside air in the supply air heating unit 105 and heating it as it is or after heating (hereinafter referred to as supply air heat)
Therefore, the heat balance Δ (t) in the processing tank 101 is
Δ (t) = HB (t) -HR (t) -HD (t) -HV (t) + HM (t) + HH (t)
It becomes.
Here, the decomposition reaction heat HB (t) is obtained from the above-described decomposition reaction heat generation rate equation dH (t) / dt.
The exhaust heat HD (t) is obtained from the amount of heat exhausted to the outside from the gas phase portion of the processing tank 101 by the exhaust by the exhaust fan 106.
The evaporation heat HV (t) is obtained from the moisture generation rate equation and the amount of evaporation heat per unit mass at the treatment tank content temperature T (t).
The condensation heat HM (t) is the water generation rate equation by the above-described decomposition, the saturated water vapor amount at the gas temperature T (t) of the gas in the treatment tank 101, the water amount discharged outside by exhaust, and the unit mass. Calculated based on the amount of heat of condensation per unit.
The supply air heat HH (t) is obtained from the air temperature, humidity, supply air amount, heated air temperature and the like of the outside air.
In addition to the above six heat elements, the heat elements in the treatment tank 101 include heat exchange between the outer wall of the treatment tank 101 and the outside air in contact with the heat elements. If it can be ignored,
Δ (t) = 0
It becomes.

Next, the “microbe activity evaluation method” will be described below.
When the processing tank heat balance equation Δ (t) of the processing tank heat balance model is used, the temperature change of the processing tank contents 102 is Δ (t) = 0.
HR (t) = HB (t) -HD (t) -HV (t) + HM (t) + HH (t)
Can be predicted from.
That is, assuming that the mass M of the processing tank contents 102 and the specific heat c of the processing tank contents 102, the temperature per unit time of the processing tank contents 102 from the heat exchange amount HR (t) of the processing tank contents 102. The rise ΔT (t) is
ΔT (t) = HR (t) / (M * c)
It becomes.
Conversely, when the measured temperature change amount ΔTm (t) per unit time of the processing tank contents 102 is measured,
ΔTm (t) = HRm (t) / (M * c)
Thus, an estimated value HRm (t) of the heat exchange amount actually exchanged with the processing tank contents 102 is obtained. When HRm (t) is obtained,
HBm (t) = HRm (t) + HD (t) + HV (t) -HM (t) -HH (t)
From this, the actual amount HBm (t) of the decomposition reaction heat per unit time by the microorganism with respect to the decomposition elapsed time t can be estimated, and compared with the theoretical heat of decomposition reaction HB (t) per unit time, The degree of activity can be determined quantitatively.

Next, “operation of the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115” based on the above microorganism activity evaluation method will be described.
After setting the weight of the thrown-in food waste and its food category composition ratio using the input garbage weight setting switch 601 of the operation / display panel 6 and the rotary switch of the input garbage composition ratio setting switch 602, a loading completion button 603 is set. When the button is pressed, the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115 reads the set switch data, and also reads the time when the input completion button 603 is pressed.
The microbial activity evaluation unit 115 calculates the amount of food components contained in the input garbage, that is, protein, lipid, Calculate the amount of carbohydrate and water.
Once the amount of food components in the input garbage is known, the theoretical decomposition heat HB (t) per unit time is calculated for the elapsed decomposition time t using the physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms described above. .
On the other hand, the temperature of the processing tank contents 102 is measured by the temperature sensor 112 at regular time intervals with respect to the decomposition elapsed time t, and the measured temperature (Tm (t)) of the processing tank contents 102 is measured by the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115. ) Is recorded and temperature rise data ΔTm (t) per unit time at the elapsed decomposition time t is calculated.
When ΔTm (t) is obtained,
HRm (t) = ΔTm (t) * M * c
HBm (t) = HRm (t) + HD (t) + HV (t) -HM (t) -HH (t)
Can be used to calculate the actual heat of decomposition reaction HBm (t) per unit time.
The microbial activity index cmp is expressed as a ratio of the elapsed time t to the estimated value of the actual value with respect to the theoretical value of the heat of decomposition reaction per unit time. That is,
Calculate cmp = HBm (t) / HB (t).
The microbial activity is determined based on the value. For example,
cmp ≧ 0.6, microbial activity = good
Microbe activity = low when 0.6> cmp ≧ 0.4 (attention required)
cmp <0.4 is determined as microbial activity = poor,
When 0.6> cmp ≧ 0.4, the microbial activity evaluation unit 115 causes the degradation / abnormality display lamp 604 of the operation / display panel 6 to be lit half or blinks. When cmp <0.4, the degradation performance abnormality display lamp 604 is lit. Let The user can know that the decomposition performance of the garbage is in an abnormal state by half-lighting (flashing) or lighting of the decomposition performance abnormality display lamp 604.

Next, the “operation of the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115” based on the above physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by microorganisms will be described.
Here, the microorganism growth environment factors to be controlled are the temperature, oxygen, and moisture of the treatment tank contents 102.

About temperature control, it controls so that the growth temperature range of the microorganism group to be used may be maintained. For example, temperature control when a growth temperature range is 5 ° C. to 55 ° C. and a mesophilic microbial group having an optimum temperature around 37 ° C. is used will be described.
The period from when raw garbage is input until the decomposition of the intermediate product produced in the garbage and the decomposition process is almost completed, the microorganism is rich in nutrient sources, that is, a high nutrient source period. From the time when most of the garbage and intermediate products are almost completely decomposed to the time when the next food waste is introduced, the microorganisms have a low nutrient source, that is, a low nutrient source period.

The goal of the temperature control of the treatment tank contents 102 during the low nutrient source period is to keep the growth temperature range so that the temperature of the treatment tank contents 102 does not fall below the growth temperature range of the microorganisms.
The temperature control of the processing tank contents 102 controls the influence of the six heat elements on the temperature of the processing tank contents 102 by controlling the supply and exhaust of the gas phase of the processing tank by the supply air heating unit 105 and the exhaust fan 106. Do it.
Control that takes in outside air (normal temperature) using the air supply heating unit 105, sends the outside air to the processing tank 101 without heating, and simultaneously exhausts the gas in the processing tank to the outside of the processing tank using the exhaust fan 106. (This is hereinafter referred to as room temperature supply and exhaust control)
HH (t) -HD (t) <0
It becomes.
Moreover, since a part of water vapor is liquefied in the processing tank 101,
HM (t) -HV (t) <0
And since the activity of microorganisms in the low nutrient source period decreases,
HR (t) = HB (t) + (HH (t) -HD (t)) + (HM (t) -HV (t)) <0
It becomes.
Therefore, in the room temperature supply / exhaust control during the low nutrient source period, the temperature of the treatment tank contents 102 approaches the outside air temperature (room temperature) as the decomposition elapsed time elapses. That is, when the outside air temperature is 5 ° C or higher, the low temperature range (5 ° C or higher) of the growth temperature range is maintained.
Depending on the winter and cold regions, the outside air temperature may be lower than the microbial growth temperature range. In this case, the supplied outside air is heated by the supply air heating unit 105, the heated air is sent into the processing tank 101, and at the same time, the gas in the processing tank 101 is exhausted (hereinafter referred to as heating supply). Called exhaust control). Thereby, it controls so that the temperature of the processing tank contents 102 is maintained in the low temperature range of the growth temperature range.

The target temperature of the temperature control of the treatment tank contents 102 during the high nutrient source period is the optimum temperature range for microbial growth. In the high nutrient period, the heat of decomposition reaction generated is almost the same value as the theoretical heat of decomposition reaction described above.
HR (t) = HB (t) + (HH (t) -HD (t)) + (HM (t) -HV (t))
Is controlled so that the temperature of the contents of the treatment tank 102 rises to the optimum temperature range for growth of microorganisms after a certain time due to the heat of decomposition reaction.
When the temperature of the treatment tank contents 102 reaches the optimum growth temperature range, and the state where the activity of the microorganisms is still high and rises to exceed the optimum growth temperature range due to the decomposition reaction heat, normal temperature supply / exhaust control is performed. In order to maintain the optimum temperature range for growth, the exhaust air volume is gradually increased.

Next, oxygen supply control will be described.
The supply of oxygen to the processing tank contents 102 is controlled by using an air supply heating unit 105 and an exhaust fan 106 to supply outside air to the processing tank 101 and exhaust the gas in the processing tank 101 to the outside and an agitation mechanism 103. This is performed by stirring the contents 102 of the processing tank.
That is, outside air is sent to the processing tank 101 by the supply / exhaust control, and the processing tank contents 102 are agitated at regular intervals, whereby the taken-in air (oxygen) is uniformly supplied to the processing tank contents 102. By controlling the stirring cycle, the amount of oxygen supplied to the processing tank contents 102 is controlled.

Next, water content control will be described.
As described above, the garbage decomposing treatment is performed by repeating a period in which the high nutrient source period and the low nutrient source period are combined as one garbage decomposing treatment cycle.
Control of the amount of water during the garbage decomposition treatment cycle is performed so that the amount of water suitable for growth of the microorganisms, that is, the microbial growth water amount range is maintained. For example, in the case of aerobic microorganisms, it is necessary to supply both oxygen and water in appropriate amounts to the voids in the bacterial bed where microorganisms grow, and the moisture content of the bacterial bed is an indicator of the conditions. Can be used.
The amount of water in the processing tank contents 102 increases due to the generation of water during the process of garbage decomposition. On the other hand, a part of the water generated by the garbage decomposition and the water contained in the treatment tank contents 102 is contained in the gas phase portion in the treatment tank 101 in the form of water vapor or mist, and the treatment tank 101 accompanies the exhaust. The amount of water in it decreases. Furthermore, the amount of water in the processing tank 101 is reduced by the amount recovered as water (liquid) by the dew condenser 107.
The moisture generation rate generated during the garbage decomposition process is the above-mentioned dH2O (t) / dt.
Can be predicted from.
Moisture generated in the processing tank 101 is discharged together with the gas exhaust in the gas phase of the processing tank 101, partly as water vapor and partly as mist. Further, a part is collected as water (liquid) by the dew condenser 107. Therefore, the remainder returns to the processing tank contents 102 as moisture (liquid).
Therefore, the moisture content of the processing tank contents 102 can be controlled by the exhaust air volume control by the exhaust fan 106.

In the low nutrient source period, the amount of water produced is small because there are few nutrient sources for microorganisms to decompose. Therefore, in the moisture content control by the exhaust air volume control, the moisture removal amount from the treatment tank contents 102 is suppressed to an amount close to the natural evaporation amount of the moisture in the treatment tank contents, and the moisture content is maintained so as not to be dried too much. Control as follows.

During the high nutrient period, the garbage is actively decomposed, and the amount of water is generated at a rate close to dH2O (t) / dt, so that it is returned to the treatment tank contents 102 from the generated water. The amount of exhaust air is controlled so that the moisture content of the treatment tank contents 102 does not exceed the microbial growth moisture range by the moisture content.

With the above configuration, it is possible to control the temperature, oxygen, and moisture of microbial growth environment factors that satisfy conditions suitable for microbial growth, thereby maintaining the microbial activity and promoting the decomposition of garbage. To do.
In addition, by grasping the activity of microorganisms in real time quantitatively, if any abnormality in the activity of microorganisms is detected at any time after the introduction of garbage, measures to restore the activity of microorganisms can be taken, so that the decomposition action of microorganisms can be reduced. The effect of preventing or suppressing an accident that a large amount of residue is generated due to the decrease is exhibited.
Furthermore, the treatment tank which is a characteristic value of the microorganism growth environment by controlling the degree of utilization of the decomposition reaction heat, the generated water, the supply air heat, the condensation heat and the evaporation heat due to the decomposition action of garbage by microorganisms It is possible to control the temperature and moisture content of the content 102 so as to maintain a target range for each elapsed decomposition time (hereinafter, this control is referred to as control A). When the characteristic value is out of the target range, it is possible to control the characteristic value of the microbial growth environment by using energy such as electric power so as to compensate for the excessive or insufficient control amount. Demonstrates the effect of minimizing energy consumption such as power for operation.

Next, the “product recovery timing control operation” will be described.
The decomposition of garbage by microorganisms proceeds according to the above-described decomposition chemical reaction formula, and various products such as main components and intermediate products are generated according to the respective decomposition chemical reaction rate expressions. Therefore, when recovering a product by decomposition, the timing suitable for recovery differs for each target product to be recovered, and accordingly, it is necessary to determine an appropriate recovery timing for each recovered product. Since the carbon dioxide emission amount in garbage decomposition is a basic product of the decomposition chemical reaction equation, the treatment tank 101 having a correlation with the carbon dioxide emission amount with respect to the decomposition elapsed time using the chemical reaction rate equation described above. The production amount and production rate of each product are determined from the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas phase. In addition, when the purpose is to collect fatty acids and amino acids that are intermediate products, the viscosity of the treatment tank contents 102 increases due to an increase in the retention amount of these intermediate products in the treatment tank contents 102. The production amount of the intermediate product can be estimated by the viscosity of the processing tank contents 102 (hereinafter, the processing tank contents viscosity). Therefore, it is effective to use the processing tank content viscosity for the recovery timing control. The viscosity of the processing tank content has a high correlation with the torque value of the motor of the drive motor unit 104 that drives the stirring mechanism 103, and further, the torque of the motor and the drive current value of the motor also have a high correlation. The viscosity of the processing tank contents can be estimated by measuring the driving current value of the motor.

The carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 113 measures the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas phase part of the processing tank 101 at every constant decomposition elapsed time, and sends the data to the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116.
As a method for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration, a gas chromatograph is used for the gas in the gas phase portion of the treatment tank 101 collected through a carbon dioxide concentration sensor such as an electrolyte-type carbon dioxide sensor whose electromotive force fluctuates according to the carbon dioxide concentration or a gas sampling tube. A method of measuring concentration with a craft can be used.

The viscosity measurement unit 114 measures the drive current value of the drive motor unit 104 at every constant decomposition elapsed time, and then converts the viscosity data into viscosity data and sends the viscosity data to the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116.
Conversion of viscosity and motor drive current is done by, for example, measuring the correspondence between viscosity and motor torque and the corresponding current value of the drive motor in advance, and from the empirical rule that the viscosity is proportional to the current value of the drive motor. And a conversion table between the current value of the drive motor and a method of calculating viscosity data from the measured drive current value of the motor of the drive motor unit 116 using this conversion table.

The product recovery timing evaluation unit 116 sets the recovery parameters, that is, the carbon dioxide recovery rate, the ammonia recovery rate, and the hydrogen sulfide recovery rate in the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116 in advance. The generation amount curve with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition of each product and the generation amount generated in the entire decomposition process are obtained from the decomposition generation rate equation. On the other hand, when a method for performing a control operation for collecting a product when each product exceeds a certain decomposition generation rate value (decomposition generation rate threshold value), the recovery rate of each product and the decomposition generation rate threshold value are used. Is required. When the decomposition generation rate threshold value of each product is obtained, the recovery start timing and recovery end timing of each product are obtained from the generation amount curve with respect to the decomposition elapsed time. When the recovery start and recovery end timings of each product are obtained with respect to the elapsed time of decomposition, the carbon dioxide production rate threshold corresponding to the recovery start and recovery end timings of each product is determined, and then the carbon dioxide concentration in the treatment tank A threshold is obtained. By the above calculation, the carbon dioxide concentration threshold value corresponding to the recovery rate parameter for each product is compared with the carbon dioxide concentration sent from the carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 113, and carbon dioxide, ammonia or sulfide A product recovery start signal and a recovery end signal are generated for each product such as hydrogen, and the signals are sent to the control unit 7.

Further, the product recovery timing evaluation unit 116 obtains a correspondence table between the viscosity and the intermediate product generation amount curve in advance by actual measurement or the like, and determines the lower limit value of the intermediate product generation amount of the intermediate product. Set as a recovery parameter. The viscosity data sent from the viscosity measuring unit 114 is converted into the production amount of the intermediate product using the correspondence table between the viscosity and the production curve of the intermediate product, and the production amount of the intermediate product determined from the viscosity measurement data is If the recovery parameter value of the intermediate product is exceeded, an elution processing start signal is sent to the control unit 7.
When the control unit 7 receives the product recovery start signal, the product recovery end signal, and the elution process start signal, the control unit 7 controls the gas component recovery unit 5, the garbage processing unit 1, and the liquid component recovery unit 3, respectively. The recovery process for each component of the generated gas component or solid intermediate product is controlled.

With the above configuration, it is possible to determine the collection timing according to the target collection item. In addition, from the physicochemical model of organic matter decomposition by the microorganisms described above, the amount of each product generated by the decomposition is determined from the values of recovery parameters set in advance, that is, the carbon dioxide recovery rate, ammonia recovery rate, hydrogen sulfide recovery rate The recovery ratio is obtained, and by changing the recovery ratio parameter, it is possible to control the recovery ratio of each product. Further, by performing the above recovery timing control, it is possible to perform the recovery operation only when the decomposition generation speed of each product exceeds the decomposition product speed value set by the parameter. Even when the amount is small, an inefficient recovery operation such as performing a recovery operation can be suppressed, and the effect of suppressing the recovery cost is exhibited.

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the solvent used to dissolve the product is recovered after separating and extracting the product from the solution containing the product in order to recover it as a reusable resource. However, the solvent may be separated and recovered from the solution and reused.

In the embodiments of the present invention described above, both the decomposition treatment of garbage and the elution treatment of the product generated in the process were performed in the treatment tank. You may divide into a tank and an elution processing tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of decomposition treatment tanks and elution treatment tanks may be provided, and the decomposition treatment and the elution treatment may be divided and processed in parallel.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, as means for inputting the mass data of the input garbage to the microbial activity evaluation unit 115, a method of setting the mass data of the input garbage with the rotary switch of the operation panel is used. Not limited to this, other means may be used. For example, prepare the mass measurement button before garbage input and the mass measurement button immediately after garbage input on the operation panel, and measure the mass before garbage input and the mass immediately after garbage input in the treatment tank using the mass sensor 111. A method of obtaining input garbage mass data as the difference may be used.
In a use example in which the amount of garbage input to the garbage processing unit is almost constant each time, the input garbage mass data may be given to the microbial activity evaluation unit 115 in advance as a program parameter.
In addition, regarding the data of the food category composition ratio of the input garbage, the food category composition ratio of the total amount of food waste input for one week is almost constant when the food category composition ratio of the garbage input every time is almost constant. In the same manner, it may be given in advance as a program parameter of the microorganism activity evaluation unit 115 in the same manner.

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the reaction heat generation rate in the decomposition of the garbage of the microorganism is used as an indicator of the activity of the microorganism. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and is quantified in real time in the chemical reaction formula in the decomposition of the garbage of the microorganism. Alternatively, it may be configured to use a production rate of the product that can be observed observably. Moreover, you may comprise so that the said some parameter | index may be used together. For example, the production rate of such a product includes the production rate of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the gas phase part of the processing tank.

In the embodiments of the present invention described above, microbial activity evaluation in which various information such as sensor information, measurement information and switch information necessary for controlling the garbage resource recovery apparatus is incorporated in the garbage resource recovery apparatus. Unit, product recovery timing evaluation unit, and finally the control unit, and based on those information, the control unit generates a control signal to control the operation of the entire garbage resource recovery device. The various information obtained in the garbage resource recovery device is transmitted from the garbage resource recovery device to a centralized monitoring and control center at a remote location using communication means, and the garbage resource recovery is performed in the centralized monitoring and control center. In addition to monitoring the operating status of the device, the same activity as that performed by the microorganism activity evaluation unit, the product recovery timing evaluation unit, and the control unit is performed. By transmitting the obtained control signal to the garbage resource recovery device using communication means, the whole garbage resource recovery device or a part of the operation control may be performed from the centralized monitoring control center. .

The block diagram of the garbage resource collection apparatus which shows embodiment of this invention Detailed view of a part of the operation / display panel 6 in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Garbage Processing Unit 2 Valve 3 Liquid Component Recovery Unit 4 Water Recovery Tank 5 Gas Component Recovery Unit 6 Operation / Display Panel 7 Control Unit
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Processing tank 102 Processing tank contents 103 Stirring mechanism 104 Drive motor part 105 Supply air heating part 106 Exhaust fan 107 Condenser 108 Spreading part 109 Valve 110 Solvent container 111 Mass sensor 112 Temperature sensor 113 Carbon dioxide concentration measurement part 114 Viscosity measurement part 115 Microorganism activity evaluation unit 116 Product recovery timing evaluation unit 301 Liquid component recovery tank 302 Liquid component separation and extraction unit 601 Input garbage mass setting switch 602 Input garbage composition ratio setting switch 603 Input completion button 604 Decomposition performance abnormality display lamp

Claims (4)

In the garbage resource recovery apparatus for recovering resources from garbage, means for eluting the amino acid and fatty acid of the intermediate product produced in the garbage decomposition process by microorganisms and mixed in the contents of the treatment tank using a solvent, Liquid component separation / extraction means for separating and extracting the intermediate product contained in the solution in which the intermediate product is dissolved for each component, and water vapor generated in the process of decomposition of microorganisms and discharged into the gas phase of the treatment tank A garbage resource recovery device comprising means for recovering water droplets floating in the gas phase part of the tank as moisture (liquid), and separating and recovering amino acids, fatty acids and water (liquid) from the garbage The garbage resource recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein means for eluting a product other than amino acids and fatty acids, which are generated in the process of garbage decomposition by microorganisms and mixed in the contents of the treatment tank, with a solvent, Liquid component separation and extraction means that separates and extracts the product contained in the dissolved solution for each component, and water that is generated during the biodegradation process of microorganisms and discharged to the gas phase of the processing tank, and floating in the gas phase of the processing tank It is equipped with gas component separation and recovery means that separates and extracts products excluding water droplets for each component, and separates and recovers proteins, polypeptides, carbohydrates, metals, phosphorus compounds, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide from garbage. Characteristic garbage collection device 2. The garbage resource recovery apparatus according to claim 1, wherein means for inputting the weight of raw garbage to be input, food division composition ratio data, and the time at which the raw garbage is input, and temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the contents of the processing tank. , Mass measuring means for measuring the mass of the contents of the processing tank, and the reaction heat generation rate and moisture generation rate in the decomposition reaction of garbage input by microorganisms, and the decomposition reaction with respect to the decomposition elapsed time The heat balance in the treatment tank is calculated, and the microbial activity is quantitatively evaluated in real time by comparing the reaction heat generation rate obtained from the temperature measurement data of the treatment tank and the reaction heat generation rate by the calculation. Microbial activity evaluation means is provided for quantitatively detecting garbage decomposition performance in real time based on the microbial activity evaluation, and the reaction heat generation rate, moisture production Speed and temperature of the calculation data processing tank content by utilizing such treatment tank heat balance, water content food waste resource recovery apparatus characterized by controlling the microbial growth environment, such as 4. The garbage resource recovery apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration measuring means in the gas phase of the processing tank, the viscosity measuring means for measuring the viscosity of the contents of the processing tank, and the data obtained from the two means are used as products. A garbage resource recovery device comprising product recovery timing evaluation means for controlling the recovery timing of food

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