JP2008283908A - Ventilation system of growing in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ventilation system of growing in a greenhouse, capable of preventing harmful animals and plants in the outside to be sucked in the greenhouse in organic growing in the greenhouse. <P>SOLUTION: This ventilation system of growing in the greenhouse has: a ventilating fan 2 which sucks the outside air into the greenhouse 1; an outside air filtering filter 3 which has a mesh of ≤0.1 mm, preventing invasion of harmful animals and plants such as pathogenic bacteria, spore and injurious insect, from the sucked outside air; a sterilization lamp 4 which sterilizes harmful animals and plants caught in the outside air filtering filter 3 to make them harmless; and a spray nozzle 5 which humidifies to decrease a temperature in the greenhouse 1. It is possible to omit the sterilization lamp 4 by using a discharge air cleaner instead of the filter 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilation system for house cultivation that performs organic cultivation while preventing invasion of harmful pests from outside air in house cultivation of agricultural crops.

  In recent years, organic cultivation of pesticide-free and chemical-free fertilizers is required for food safety and security. The basic technique of organic cultivation is to use organic matter as a fertilizer without using chemical fertilizers, and to control bacteria, viruses such as viruses, spores, pests and nematodes that cause mold without using agricultural chemicals. . Hereinafter, pathogenic bacteria such as bacteria and viruses, spores, pests and nematodes that cause fungi are referred to as pests. Furthermore, pesticide-free is divided into control from pests in the soil and control from pests on the ground.

  The conventional techniques in house cultivation are solved by compost, etc. without using chemical fertilizers, and steam disinfection, hot water disinfection, underground warming, etc. for soil disinfection to control pests in the soil ( Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 3360816

  To control pests on the ground, use approved pesticides or spread nets around the house used for house cultivation to prevent pests from entering the house. However, the number of pesticides allowed is small, and there are few pesticides that are effective against pests. In the net, pests that are smaller than the net network such as pathogenic bacteria, spores, and mites cannot be controlled.

  In order to prevent the invasion of pests from outside, it is necessary to completely close the house to shut off the outside air. However, when cut off from the outside air, the temperature inside the house rises too much due to sunlight in the daytime, which hinders crop growth. The measures taken to prevent the temperature rise in the house during the day are to provide openings around the house and the ceiling of the house to ventilate by natural convection due to the difference between the outside air and the temperature in the house, and to provide a net in the opening Is to prevent the invasion of pests.

  The mesh of the net is recommended to be about 0.4 mm. If the mesh is finer than this, ventilation will be insufficient due to the air resistance of the net. Among the pests, whiteflies, which are the media of pathogens such as insects, aphids and tomato yellow leaf curl disease, can be captured on the net.

  However, among pests, the mite has a body length of about 0.3 mm and cannot pass through the net of about 0.4 mm to prevent invasion. Also, powdery mildew, downy mildew, etc., which occurs in most plants, are carried by the wind and pass through the net. These cannot be controlled by the net.

  In this way, natural convection using a temperature difference cannot control pests that are smaller than the net of the net.Therefore, forced ventilation is performed with a ventilator, and a filter for filtering outside air such as paper or cloth is provided in front of the ventilator. A ventilation method for capturing pests has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 3631954

In the proposed ventilation method, when the outside air is at a high temperature of 20 ° C. or higher, it is difficult to set the temperature in the house to a predetermined temperature or lower. In addition, since the pests captured by the outdoor air filter are not killed, they may rescatter in the house and lose their effectiveness.
This invention proposes the ventilation method which solved the said problem in view of the problem of the said ventilation method.

  In the ventilation method proposed by the present invention, the house performs forced ventilation by inhaling outside air with a ventilation fan in order to avoid temperature rise in the house due to sunlight in the daytime. When inhaling outside air, pests are captured through a filter for outdoor air filtration (hereinafter referred to as a filter), and the pests captured or adhered to the filter are detoxified with a germicidal lamp. In addition to forced ventilation, a means for humidifying the air by spraying or spraying to cool the air is adopted. Also, forced ventilation is performed by detoxifying harmful animals and plants using a discharge air cleaner instead of the filter.

In addition, in order to disinfect the soil, by heating the soil underground by using solar heat and heating with a heat radiating pipe embedded in the soil at a depth of 40 to 60 cm in the summer, Use a control system together.
The control of pests in the soil using solar heat and heat radiation pipes is performed during the summer season when solar heat is strong and no crops are cultivated, but during this period the house is closed and ventilation is not performed.

  A ventilation fan that sucks outside air into the house, a pest capturing means for preventing the invasion of harmful pests from the inhaled outside air, a germicidal lamp for sterilizing the pests, and a humidifying means for reducing the temperature in the house By having it, even when the outside air is at a high temperature of 20 ° C. or higher during ventilation, the temperature in the house can be kept below a predetermined temperature, and the captured pests can be rendered harmless by a germicidal lamp.

As shown in FIG. 1, for example, in a 1000 m ² house 1, a 1 m feather diameter (air flow 20
Ventilation is performed by arranging ^three ventilation fans 2 (0 m ³ / min) in the house 1 (total air volume 600 m ³ / min). A filter 3 is provided at a predetermined interval from the ventilation fan 2, and outside air is sucked into the house 1 through the filter 3. By sucking in the outside air, the inside of the house 1 becomes slightly positive pressure, so that the outside air does not enter from the gap of the house 1.
By using a filter made of paper or cloth and having a mesh size of 0.1 mm through which air passes as the filter 3, pests are captured by the filter 3.

Bacteria and viruses alone are smaller in size than the mesh of the filter 3, but bacteria and viruses do not exist alone in the air and are parasitic on mites, whiteflies and other media. You can control most pests if you capture with.
The pests captured by the filter 3 may grow on the filter 3 and re-scatter into the house 1 to lose its effect. Therefore, a germicidal lamp 4 is installed on the filter 3 side, and the captured pests are killed by ultraviolet rays emitted from the germicidal lamp 4.

Here, in order to reduce the pressure loss of the filter 3, the filter 3 is folded to increase the area, thereby reducing the air passage speed. Although this method can cope with an outside air temperature of 23 ° C., an outside air temperature higher than that is too high for the cultivation of the crop because the temperature inside the house 1 is too high.
Therefore, in order to keep the inside of the house 1 at a temperature suitable for crop cultivation, when the outside air temperature is high, the temperature inside the house is lowered by humidification.

Two methods are suitable for the humidification as described below.
A 1st humidification method humidifies with the fine spray 5a by the some spray nozzle 5 installed, for example in upper direction in a house. Here, in order to prevent water droplets from adhering to the crop, the spray 5 a is adjusted by the pump 8 that supplies water from the water tank 7 so that the water droplet diameter and the amount of water spray are completed so that evaporation is completed before reaching the crop 6.
This method is effective for spraying air having a high temperature in the house 1. In this method, the temperature in the house 1 can be adjusted to be uniform.

As shown in FIG. 2, the second humidification method has a watering pad 9 for flowing water between the ventilation fan 2 and the filter 3, and the water in the water tank 7 is supplied to the watering pad 9 by a pump 8 and a pipe 10. A watering device 11 for supplying and circulating water is provided.
The outside air is sucked in by the ventilation fan 2 to allow the outside air to pass through the watering pad 9, the water droplets in the watering pad 9 and the outside air are brought into contact with each other, the outside air is humidified and cooled, and sent into the house 1. In this humidification method, air is always close to saturation regardless of the outside air temperature, and the house temperature can be maintained at a predetermined temperature.
Since the second method does not spray as compared with the first method, the power cost can be saved. However, the house temperature at the inhalation part is low and the temperature at the discharge part is high, so the house temperature is not uniform, but water drops do not adhere to the crops.

  Here, in order to avoid the influence at the time of rain, as shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the fixed rain guard 12 is provided. During the rain, the inside of the house 1 does not become hot and the ventilation fan 2 is not operated. However, the rain shield 12 is provided to prevent rainwater from entering due to strong wind when the ventilation fan 2 is stopped.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, on the opposite side of the ventilation fan 2, there is provided an open / close exhaust port 13 that is opened by the pressure in the house during the operation of the ventilation fan and closed when stopped. The whole house is pressurized during the operation of the ventilation fan 2, and the whole house is pressurized. Air leaks out from the gap of the house so that no harmful pests can enter from the outside. Since it enters, seal the entire house.

In each of the above embodiments, the filter 3 is used to capture pests. However, as shown in FIG. 3, a discharge air cleaner 14 is installed instead of the filter, and the discharge air cleaner 14 is passed through. Outside air is sent into the house 1 by the ventilation fan 2 to ventilate the house 1.
The discharge type air cleaner 14 is a machine that purifies the air that passes through the dust collecting electrode by negatively charging particles in the air by discharging generated by applying a high voltage of about 6 kV to the electrode plate. It is. In the present embodiment, the pests are charged by using the discharge type air cleaner, and the pests are captured on the dust collecting electrode by an electric field. Since the pests captured by the air cleaner 14 are rendered harmless by the discharge, the germicidal lamp 4 is not required as in the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  In this way, the pests on the ground in the house can be controlled by the house cultivation ventilation system.

In house cultivation, in addition to controlling pests that enter the ground part of the house, harmful pests are also generated and propagated in the ground of the house, causing damage to crops.
Therefore, in the present invention, it is very effective for house cultivation to perform soil disinfection of the underground part in the house in addition to the control of the pests by ventilation.

In order to disinfect the soil inside the house, it is preferable to use an underground warming device. This underground warming device controls the harmful animals and plants in the soil by heating the soil to 45 ° C or higher by using the heat radiation pipe 15 embedded at a depth of 40 to 60 cm and the solar heat in the summer without house cultivation. To do. The heat radiation pipe 15 circulates warm water heated to 80 ° C. or more by a boiler 16 or electric heat (not shown) or warmed ethylene glycol to heat the soil.
The control of pests by underground heating is performed for about one month when the sunlight is strong in summer and the house is not cultivated. Therefore, since the house is in a closed state during this period, the ventilation is not performed.

It is explanatory drawing of 1st Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of 2nd Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of 3rd Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 .. House 2 .. Ventilation fan 3 .. Filter 4 .. Sterilization lamp 5 .... Spray nozzle 9 ... Sprinkling pad 14 .... Discharge air cleaner 15 ... Radiating pipe

Claims (6)

In the house cultivation ventilation system that ventilates the house cultivation house,
House cultivation characterized by having ventilation means for inhaling outside air into the house, pest capturing means for preventing invasion of harmful animals and plants from the inhaled outside air, and humidifying means for lowering the temperature in the house Ventilation system. 2. The house cultivation ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the pest capturing means is a filter for filtering outside air. The house cultivation ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the harmful animal and plant capturing means is a discharge type air purifier. 3. The house cultivation ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a germicidal lamp for sterilizing the pests captured by the pest capturing means. The ventilation system for house cultivation according to claim 2, wherein a mesh of the filter for outside air filtration is 0.1 mm or less. 2. A pest control system for soil pests, which is buried in solar heat and soil in a house at a depth of 40 to 60 cm in summer and controls pests in soil by heating with a heat radiating pipe that circulates hot water. 2, 3, 4 or 5 house cultivation ventilation system.

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