JP2008275586A - Alarm release method by verification of early earthquake specification estimating information - Google Patents
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本発明は、早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a warning cancellation method based on verification of early earthquake specification estimation information.
従来、震央距離やマグニチュードを推定するためには、（ａ）多点の観測データから震源位置を求め、各観測点までの震央距離を算出する、（ｂ）震央距離と振幅値や周期、又は地震動継続時間等からマグニチュードを推定する、（ｃ）一観測点の初動部分の周期からマグニチュードを推定し、このマグニチュードと初動部の振幅などから、震源距離、深さ、震央距離を推定する、等の方法がある。 Conventionally, in order to estimate the epicenter distance and magnitude, (a) the location of the epicenter is obtained from multi-point observation data, and the epicenter distance to each observation point is calculated, (b) the epicenter distance and the amplitude value or period, or Estimate magnitude from seismic motion duration, etc. (c) Estimate magnitude from period of initial motion at one observation point, and estimate epicenter distance, depth, epicenter distance from this magnitude and amplitude of initial motion, etc. There is a way.
上記した（ａ）や（ｂ）の方法は、従来から行われている一般的な方法で精度は高いが、推定には地震検知から数分程度もかかってしまう。 The methods (a) and (b) described above are general methods that have been performed in the past, and the accuracy is high, but estimation takes several minutes after the earthquake is detected.
また、上記した（ｃ）の方法は、地震の主要動（被害をもたらす大きな震動）が観測点に到達する前に、一観測点の初動部分のデータから推定する方法であり、地震検知から数秒で地震諸元を大まかに推定できるが、その推定精度はあまり高くなく、特に、観測点から遠方で起こった地震や深い震源で発生した地震などに対して推定精度が悪いという問題があった。 In addition, the method (c) described above is a method of estimating from the data of the initial motion of one observation point before the main motion of the earthquake (a large earthquake causing damage) reaches the observation point. However, there is a problem that the estimation accuracy is poor especially for earthquakes that occurred far from the observation point or earthquakes that occurred at deep seismic sources.
そこで、本出願人は、一観測点の地震波の初動部分のデータに基づいて、観測点から震央までの距離（震央距離）と地震の大きさ（マグニチュード）を、地震検知から数秒で推定する方法を開発している（下記特許文献１参照）。
従来、新幹線などの鉄道においては、一観測点の初動部分のデータから震央距離を推定して列車などの停止を行うようにしている。 Conventionally, in railways such as the Shinkansen, the epicenter distance is estimated from the data of the initial movement at one observation point, and the train is stopped.
しかしながら、一観測点の初動部分のデータから推定する方法は、一般的に地震検知から数秒で地震諸元を大まかに推定できるが、上記したようにその推定精度はあまり高くなく、特に、観測点から遠方で起こった地震や深い震源で発生した地震などに対して推定精度が悪いという欠点を有している。 However, the method of estimating from the data of the initial motion of one observation point can generally estimate the earthquake specifications in a few seconds after the earthquake detection, but the estimation accuracy is not so high as described above. It has the disadvantage that the estimation accuracy is poor for earthquakes that occurred far away from the earthquake and earthquakes that occurred in deep epicenters.
また、昨今は、地震が発生すると、一観測点の初動部分のデータから震央距離を推定して、家庭内の警報装置にも揺れの大きさや到達時間の推定値を報知するような機器の開発が進んでいる。 Also, recently, when an earthquake occurs, development of a device that estimates the epicenter distance from the data of the initial motion at one observation point and notifies the home alarm device of the magnitude of the shake and the estimated arrival time. Is progressing.
しかし、このような警報が発信された地域において、過去に地震が発生した履歴が皆無の場合には、誤報である可能性が高いので、既に発信した警報を取り消すようにすることが望ましい。 However, if there is no history of occurrence of earthquakes in the area where such an alarm is transmitted, it is highly possible that the alarm is false, so it is desirable to cancel the alarm that has already been transmitted.
また、鉄道の列車運行が行われていない時間や列車運行をしていない地域では初動部分のデータから推定して警報を発信しても列車を停止させる信号として何ら効果がないので、警報を取り消すようにすることが望ましい。 In addition, if the train is not operated or in areas where the train is not operated, canceling the warning is not effective as a signal to stop the train even if an alarm is issued based on the data of the initial movement. It is desirable to do so.
本発明は、上記状況に鑑みて、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を、その後に検証し、不要な警報であった場合にはその警報を解除し、無用の混乱を惹起することを防止する早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above situation, the present invention verifies an alarm transmitted in the initial P wave motion, and if it is an unnecessary alarm, cancels the alarm to prevent unnecessary confusion. It aims at providing the cancellation method of the alarm by verification of the earthquake specification estimation information.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔１〕早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、地震のＰ波初動で発信した警報を、前記地震のＳ波到達時に検証し、前記警報が不要であった場合には前記警報を解除することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] In the warning cancellation method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information, the warning transmitted at the initial P wave of the earthquake is verified when the earthquake reaches the S wave. It is characterized by canceling the alarm.
〔２〕上記〔１〕記載の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、ある観測点Ａに前記地震のＰ波が到達すると、前記Ｐ波初動数秒のデータにより前記地震の震央距離（Ｐ）を推定し、この推定した地震の震央距離（Ｐ）情報に基づいて、必要があれば前記警報を発信し、前記観測点Ａに前記地震のＳ波が到達すると、前記Ｓ波到達時間と前記Ｐ波到達時間の差（Ｓ−Ｐ時間）に基づいて震央距離（Ｓ）を推定し、前記Ｐ波による震央距離（Ｐ）と前記Ｓ波による震央距離（Ｓ）とを比較し、この比較結果が一定の基準値以上である場合には、先に発信した前記警報を解除することを特徴とする。 [2] In the alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information described in [1] above, when the P wave of the earthquake reaches a certain observation point A, the epicenter of the earthquake is determined from the data of the P wave initial number of seconds. The distance (P) is estimated, the alarm is issued if necessary based on the estimated epicenter distance (P) information of the earthquake, and when the S wave of the earthquake reaches the observation point A, the S wave The epicenter distance (S) is estimated based on the difference between the arrival time and the P wave arrival time (SP time), and the epicenter distance (P) by the P wave and the epicenter distance (S) by the S wave are compared. When the comparison result is equal to or greater than a certain reference value, the previously transmitted alarm is canceled.
〔３〕上記〔２〕記載の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、前記一定の基準値が、２倍または１／２倍であることを特徴とする。 [3] In the alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information described in [2] above, the constant reference value is twice or ½ times.
〔４〕上記〔２〕記載の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、前記一定の基準値が、３倍または１／３倍であることを特徴とする。 [4] In the alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information described in [2] above, the certain reference value is 3 times or 1/3 times.
〔５〕上記〔１〕記載の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、前記地震のＰ波初動で警報を発信した地域の過去の地震震源データベースを検索し、前記地域の過去の地震震源データが皆無である場合には、前記Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を解除することを特徴とする。 [5] In the alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information described in [1] above, the past earthquake source database of the area where the alarm was transmitted at the initial P wave of the earthquake is searched, and the past history of the area When there is no earthquake source data, the alarm transmitted by the P wave initial motion is canceled.
〔６〕上記〔１〕記載の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法において、前記地震のＰ波初動で発信した警報を、前記地震のＳ波到達時に検証し、更にダイヤ管理情報を参照し、列車運行をしていない時間及び列車運行をしていない地域では前記Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を解除することを特徴とする。 [6] In the alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information described in [1] above, the alarm transmitted at the initial P wave of the earthquake is verified when the earthquake reaches the S wave, and further the diamond management information , The alarm transmitted by the initial P wave is canceled in the time when the train is not operated and the area where the train is not operated.
本発明によれば、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を、Ｓ波到達時に検算し、不要な警報であった場合にはその警報を解除し、無用の混乱を惹起することを防止することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to check the alarm transmitted at the first P wave when it reaches the S wave and cancel the alarm if it is an unnecessary alarm, thereby preventing unnecessary confusion. .
また、Ｐ波初動で警報を発信した地域の過去の地震震源データベースを検索し、その地域の過去の地震震源データが皆無である場合には、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を解除することができる。 In addition, the past earthquake epicenter database of the area where the alarm was sent in the initial P wave is searched, and if there is no past earthquake epicenter data in the area, the alarm issued in the initial P wave can be canceled. .
また、地震のＰ波初動で発信した警報を地震のＳ波到達時に検証し、更に鉄道のダイヤ管理情報を参照して、列車運行をしていない時間及び列車運行をしていない地域ではＰ波初動で発信した警報を解除することができる。 In addition, the alarm sent at the first P wave of the earthquake is verified when the earthquake reaches the S wave, and further, the railway schedule management information is referred to. The alarm sent at the initial action can be canceled.
したがって、早期地震警報システムの高度化を図ることができる。 Therefore, it is possible to improve the early earthquake warning system.
本発明の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法は、地震のＰ波初動で発信した警報を、その後に検証し、前記警報が不要であった場合には前記警報を解除する。 The alarm canceling method based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information according to the present invention verifies the alarm transmitted at the initial P wave of the earthquake, and cancels the alarm when the alarm is unnecessary.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
図１は本発明にかかる早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法の説明図である。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a warning cancellation method based on verification of early earthquake specification estimation information according to the present invention.
図１に示すように、時点Ｔ１において、ある観測点Ａに地震のＰ波が到達すると、そのＰ波初動により地震諸元の推定を行い、必要があれば警報を出す。その後、時点Ｔ２において観測点Ａに地震のＳ波が到達した時点でＰ波初動による地震諸元の推定値の検証を行い、既に出された警報が不要であると判断されると、その警報を解除する。 As shown in FIG. 1, when a P wave of an earthquake reaches a certain observation point A at a time point T1, the earthquake specifications are estimated by the initial motion of the P wave, and an alarm is issued if necessary. After that, when the S wave of the earthquake arrives at observation point A at time T2, the estimated value of the earthquake parameters by the initial P wave is verified, and if it is determined that the already issued alarm is unnecessary, the alarm Is released.
以下、本発明の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除の動作について説明する。 Hereinafter, the operation of releasing the alarm by verifying the early earthquake specification estimation information of the present invention will be described.
図２は本発明の実施例を示す早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除動作のフローチャートある。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the alarm canceling operation based on the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information according to the embodiment of the present invention.
ある観測点Ａに地震のＰ波が到達する（ステップＳ１）と、そのＰ波初動数秒のデータにより地震の諸元〔震央方位、震央距離（Ｐ）、マグニチュード〕を推定する（ステップＳ２）。その推定した地震諸元情報より、必要があれば警報を発信する（ステップＳ３）。次に、その観測点Ａに地震のＳ波が到達する（ステップＳ４）と、そのＳ波到達時間とＰ波到達時間の差（Ｓ−Ｐ時間）より震央距離（Ｓ）を推定する（ステップＳ５）。次に、震央距離（Ｐ）と震央距離（Ｓ）を比較する（ステップＳ６）。その比較結果が大きく乖離（一定の基準値以上）していたら先に発信した警報を解除する（ステップＳ７）。 When a P wave of an earthquake reaches a certain observation point A (step S1), the specifications of the earthquake (the epicenter direction, epicenter distance (P), magnitude) are estimated from the data of the P wave initial motion seconds (step S2). If necessary, an alarm is transmitted from the estimated earthquake specification information (step S3). Next, when the S wave of the earthquake reaches the observation point A (step S4), the epicenter distance (S) is estimated from the difference between the S wave arrival time and the P wave arrival time (SP time) (step S4). S5). Next, the epicenter distance (P) and the epicenter distance (S) are compared (step S6). If the comparison result deviates greatly (a certain reference value or more), the previously issued alarm is canceled (step S7).
ここで、震央距離（Ｓ）＝（Ｓ−Ｐ時間）×ｋであり、ｋは地点により異なるが一般に４〜９ｋｍ／ｓｅｃ程度である。また、比較結果が大きく乖離した場合の一定の基準値とは例えば２倍もしくは１／２倍、３倍もしくは１／３倍である。 Here, epicenter distance (S) = (SP time) × k, and k is generally about 4 to 9 km / sec, although it varies depending on the point. Further, the fixed reference value when the comparison result is largely deviated is, for example, 2 times, 1/2 times, 3 times, or 1/3 times.
次に、本発明の他の実施例について説明する。 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
上記実施例ではＰ波初動による推定値をＳ波に基づいて検証することで警報の解除を行ったが、ここでは、Ｐ波初動で警報を発信した地域の過去の地震震源データベースを検索し、その地域の過去の地震震源データが皆無である場合には、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を解除するようにする。なお、地震震源データベースは、地震計もしくは地震計に接続されるサーバが保持する。 In the above embodiment, the warning was canceled by verifying the estimated value based on the P wave initial motion based on the S wave, but here, the past earthquake seismic source database in the area where the warning was transmitted by the P wave initial motion is searched, If there is no past seismic source data in that area, the alarm sent at the initial P wave is released. Note that the seismic source database is held by a seismometer or a server connected to the seismometer.
以下、地震震源データベースの具体例と、それを用いた警報の解除例について説明する。 Hereinafter, a specific example of the earthquake source database and an example of canceling an alarm using the earthquake source database will be described.
図３は本発明にかかる日本の地震震源データベースの例を、図４は図３の部分拡大図として、北海道地域の地震震源データベースの例を示している。 FIG. 3 shows an example of a seismic source database in Japan according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows an example of a seismic source database in the Hokkaido region as a partially enlarged view of FIG.
これらの図において、震源の深さが、○：０〜３０ｋｍ、□：３０〜６０ｋｍ、◇：６０〜９０ｋｍ、△：９０〜１２０ｋｍ、▽：１２０〜１５０ｋｍ、×：１５０〜１８０ｋｍ、＋：１８０〜２１０ｋｍで示されており、それぞれの大きさがマグニチュードの大きさを示している。 In these figures, the depth of the epicenter is 0: 0-30 km, □: 30-60 km, ◇: 60-90 km, Δ: 90-120 km, ▽: 120-150 km, x: 150-180 km, +: 180 It is shown by ~ 210km, and each size indicates the size of the magnitude.
図５は図４の北海道地域の地震震源データベースを用いた警報の解除例を示す図である。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of canceling an alarm using the earthquake region database in Hokkaido in FIG.
例えば、図５において、Ａの地域（宗谷地域）にＰ波に基づいて警報が発信された場合、Ａの地域の地震震源データベースを検索する。Ａの地域は過去の地震震源データが検索されないので、その結果、先に発信された警報は、誤報の可能性が大きいと判断され、警報の解除（取消）が行われる。 For example, in FIG. 5, when an alarm is transmitted to the area A (Soya area) based on the P wave, the earthquake source database in the area A is searched. In the area A, the past earthquake epicenter data is not searched. As a result, it is determined that the previously sent alarm is likely to be misreported, and the alarm is canceled (cancelled).
上記したように、本発明によれば、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を、Ｓ波到達時に検算し、不要な警報であった場合にはその警報を解除し、無用の混乱を惹起することを防止することができる。また、Ｐ波初動で警報を発信した地域の過去の地震震源データベースを検索し、その地域の過去の地震震源データが皆無である場合には、Ｐ波初動で発信した警報を解除する。これにより、誤報をなくし信頼性を向上させ、早期地震警報システムの高度化に資することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the alarm transmitted at the initial P wave is calculated when the S wave arrives, and if it is an unnecessary alarm, the alarm is canceled and unnecessary confusion is caused. Can be prevented. In addition, the past earthquake seismic source database of the area where the alarm is transmitted in the initial P wave is searched, and if there is no past seismic source data in the area, the alarm transmitted in the initial P wave is canceled. This eliminates false alarms, improves reliability, and contributes to the advancement of early earthquake warning systems.
更に、本発明の他の実施例として、Ｐ波初動による警報を鉄道ダイヤ管理情報に基づいて解除する方法について説明する。 Furthermore, as another embodiment of the present invention, a method for canceling an alarm caused by the initial P wave action based on railway schedule management information will be described.
図６は本発明にかかる列車運行をしていない時間及び列車運行をしていない地域への警報の解除システムのブロック図である。 FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a warning canceling system for the time when the train is not operated and the area where the train is not operated according to the present invention.
この図において、１は地震警報システムであり、この地震警報システム１は、地震警報処理装置２、地震計３Ａ，３Ｂ，３Ｃ、警報出力装置４Ａ，４Ｂ，４Ｃ、地震情報表示・記憶装置５からなる。６は地震警報処理装置２に接続されるダイヤ管理システムである。 In this figure, 1 is an earthquake warning system. This earthquake warning system 1 includes an earthquake warning processing device 2, seismometers 3A, 3B, 3C, alarm output devices 4A, 4B, 4C, and an earthquake information display / storage device 5. Become. Reference numeral 6 denotes a diamond management system connected to the earthquake alarm processing device 2.
この実施例では、地震計３Ａ，３Ｂ，３Ｃでの地震のＰ波初動で検知して発信した警報を、地震のＳ波到達時に地震警報処理装置２で検証し、更にこの地震警報処理装置２に接続されたダイヤ管理情報装置６からのダイヤ管理情報を参照し、そのダイヤ管理情報に基づいて警報の解除を行う。例えば、午後１時から午前４時などの列車運行をしていない時間や、列車運行をしていない地域では、警報出力装置４Ａ，４Ｂ，４Ｃからの地震情報に関する警報を解除するようにする。 In this embodiment, the alarm that is detected and transmitted by the initial motion of the P wave of the earthquake at the seismometers 3A, 3B, 3C is verified by the earthquake alarm processing device 2 when the earthquake reaches the S wave. Referring to the diamond management information from the diamond management information device 6 connected to, the alarm is canceled based on the diamond management information. For example, the alarm regarding the earthquake information from the alarm output devices 4A, 4B, and 4C is canceled in the time when the train is not operated from 1 pm to 4 am or in the area where the train is not operated.
なお、地震発生の記録は、地震情報表示・記憶装置５に保存して残すようにする。 It should be noted that a record of the occurrence of an earthquake is stored in the earthquake information display / storage device 5 and left.
このように、地震のＰ波初動で発信した警報を、地震のＳ波到達時に検証し、更にダイヤ管理情報を参照して、列車が運行されていない時間や、列車運行をしていない地域ではＰ波初動で発信した警報を解除するようにした。 In this way, the alarm sent by the first P wave of the earthquake is verified when the earthquake reaches the S wave, and with reference to the schedule management information, the time when the train is not operating or in the area where the train is not operating The alarm sent by P wave initial action was canceled.
なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, Based on the meaning of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is possible and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
本発明の早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法は、早期地震警報システムの高度化に資することができる。 The alarm cancellation method according to the verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information of the present invention can contribute to the advancement of the early earthquake alarm system.
１ 地震警報システム
２ 地震警報処理装置
３Ａ，３Ｂ，３Ｃ 地震計
４Ａ，４Ｂ，４Ｃ 警報出力装置
５ 地震情報表示・記憶装置
６ ダイヤ管理システム
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Earthquake warning system 2 Earthquake warning processing device 3A, 3B, 3C Seismograph 4A, 4B, 4C Alarm output device 5 Earthquake information display and storage device 6 Diagram management system
Claims (6)
（ａ）ある観測点Ａに前記地震のＰ波が到達すると、前記Ｐ波初動数秒のデータにより前記地震の震央距離（Ｐ）を推定し、
（ｂ）該推定した地震の震央距離（Ｐ）情報に基づいて、必要があれば前記警報を発信し、
（ｃ）前記観測点Ａに前記地震のＳ波が到達すると、前記Ｓ波到達時間と前記Ｐ波到達時間の差（Ｓ−Ｐ時間）に基づいて震央距離（Ｓ）を推定し、
（ｄ）前記Ｐ波による震央距離（Ｐ）と前記Ｓ波による震央距離（Ｓ）とを比較し、
（ｅ）該比較結果が一定の基準値以上である場合には、先に発信した前記警報を解除することを特徴とする早期地震諸元推定情報の検証による警報の解除方法。 In the method of canceling an alarm by verifying the early earthquake specification estimation information according to claim 1,
(A) When the P wave of the earthquake reaches a certain observation point A, the epicenter distance (P) of the earthquake is estimated from the data of the P wave initial movement seconds,
(B) Based on the estimated epicenter distance (P) information of the earthquake, if necessary, send the warning,
(C) When the S wave of the earthquake reaches the observation point A, the epicenter distance (S) is estimated based on the difference (SP time) between the S wave arrival time and the P wave arrival time,
(D) comparing the epicenter distance (P) by the P wave and the epicenter distance (S) by the S wave;
(E) When the comparison result is equal to or greater than a certain reference value, the alarm that has been transmitted first is canceled, and the alarm is canceled by verification of the early earthquake specification estimation information.
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