JP2008255888A - Steam collecting facilities - Google Patents

Steam collecting facilities Download PDF

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JP2008255888A
JP2008255888A JP2007099105A JP2007099105A JP2008255888A JP 2008255888 A JP2008255888 A JP 2008255888A JP 2007099105 A JP2007099105 A JP 2007099105A JP 2007099105 A JP2007099105 A JP 2007099105A JP 2008255888 A JP2008255888 A JP 2008255888A
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steam
flash tank
pressure
vapor
hot water
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JP4787199B2 (en
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Masaki Matsukuma
正樹 松隈
Takamasu Matsui
孝益 松井
Kazuhiro Uehara
一浩 上原
Takayuki Wakita
高行 脇田
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steam collecting facilities capable of collecting gas phase steam from used gas/liquid two phase steam discharged from demand facilities and effectively using the collected steam. <P>SOLUTION: Gas liquid mixed fluid of liquid phase hot water and gas phase steam discharged from the demand facilities 2 is decompressed and injected in a flash tank 9 to re-evaporate, and residual liquid phase hot water is separated at a lower part. Gas phase steam is led out from the upper part of the flash tank 9 via a collection line 11, is compressed by a compressor 10 and is re-circulated to a supply line 5. Pressure in the flash tank 9 is detected by the pressure detection means 14. Volume of the compressor 10 is controlled according to pressure in the flash tank 9 detected by the pressure detection means 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、蒸気を利用した後の気液２相の混合流体から気相の蒸気を回収して再利用するための蒸気回収設備に関する。   The present invention relates to a steam recovery facility for recovering and reusing gas phase steam from a gas-liquid two-phase mixed fluid after using steam.

例えば、蒸気でタービンを回して発電機を駆動する発電設備のように、蒸気の熱エネルギーを消費する様々な需要設備が存在する。このような需要設備において、熱が消費された蒸気は、その一部または全部が潜熱を消費して液相の温水となり、排出される。特に、需要設備から液相の温水と蒸気との気液混合流体が排出される場合、潜熱を有する気相の蒸気を回収して再利用することでエネルギー効率を高めることが望まれる。   For example, there are various demand facilities that consume the thermal energy of steam, such as power generation equipment that drives a generator by turning a turbine with steam. In such a demand facility, a part of or all of the steam whose heat has been consumed consumes latent heat to become liquid hot water and is discharged. In particular, when a gas-liquid mixed fluid of liquid hot water and steam is discharged from the demand facility, it is desired to improve energy efficiency by recovering and reusing the vapor in the vapor phase having latent heat.

例えば、特許文献１では、蒸気タービンを用いた発電装置において、高圧蒸気から気水分離器で分離した水分をフラッシュタンクに噴出させて低圧の蒸気を発生させ、この低圧蒸気により、蒸発器への給水を加熱するために利用することで熱回収をしている。   For example, in Patent Document 1, in a power generation apparatus using a steam turbine, moisture separated from high-pressure steam by a steam separator is ejected to a flash tank to generate low-pressure steam, and this low-pressure steam causes Heat is recovered by using it to heat the water supply.

しかしながら、低圧蒸気を利用できる量には限度があるため、特許文献１の設備では、余剰の低圧蒸気は、復水器へと送られ、蒸気のエネルギー、特に利用価値の高い潜熱がそのまま廃棄されるようになっている。
特開平５−１０００８８号公報 However, since there is a limit to the amount of low-pressure steam that can be used, in the facility of Patent Document 1, surplus low-pressure steam is sent to the condenser, and steam energy, particularly latent heat with high utility value, is discarded as it is. It has become so.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-100088

本発明は、前記問題点に鑑みて、需要設備から排出される気液２相の使用済みの蒸気から気相の蒸気を回収して、回収した蒸気を有効に利用できる蒸気回収設備を提供することを課題とする。   In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a vapor recovery facility that recovers gas phase vapor from gas-liquid two-phase used vapor discharged from a demand facility, and can effectively use the recovered vapor. This is the issue.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明による蒸気回収設備は、蒸気供給ラインから供給される蒸気の熱を消費する需要設備から排出される液相の温水と気相の蒸気との気液混合流体から気相の蒸気を回収する蒸気回収設備であって、前記需要設備から排出される気液混合流体を減圧噴射して再蒸発させるとともに、残留する液相の温水を下部に分離するフラッシュタンクと、前記フラッシュタンクの上部から気相の蒸気を導出して、圧縮機により圧縮して前記供給ラインに環流させる回収ラインと、前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力を検出する圧力検出手段と、前記圧力検出手段が検出した前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力に応じて、前記圧縮機の容量を制御する制御手段とを備えるものとする。   In order to solve the above problems, a steam recovery facility according to the present invention is a gas-liquid mixed fluid of liquid phase hot water and gas phase steam discharged from a demand facility that consumes heat of steam supplied from a steam supply line. A vapor recovery facility for recovering vapor in the vapor phase from the demand facility, wherein the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the demand facility is jetted under reduced pressure to re-evaporate, and a flash tank for separating the remaining liquid phase hot water into the lower part; A recovery line for extracting vapor in the vapor phase from the upper part of the flash tank, compressing it by a compressor and circulating it to the supply line, pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure in the flash tank, and the pressure detecting means And control means for controlling the capacity of the compressor in accordance with the pressure in the flash tank detected by.

この構成によれば、需要設備から排出された気液混合流体をフラッシュタンクに減圧噴射して、その一部を再蒸発させ、液相の温水を分離した後の気相の蒸気だけを圧縮機で加圧加熱して蒸気供給ラインに環流させるので、フラッシュタンクで得られた蒸気を、需要設備において全量利用できる。つまり、需要設備から排出された気液混合流体の熱エネルギーを最大限に回収して、無駄なく利用することができる。   According to this configuration, the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the demand facility is jetted under reduced pressure to the flash tank, a part of the fluid is re-evaporated, and only the vapor in the vapor phase after separating the liquid hot water is used as the compressor. Since the steam is pressurized and heated to be recirculated to the steam supply line, all the steam obtained in the flash tank can be used in the demand facility. That is, the thermal energy of the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the demand facility can be recovered to the maximum and used without waste.

また、蒸気供給ラインに環流される蒸気は、スクリュ圧縮機で加圧加熱された乾き蒸気であるので、需要設備に供給される蒸気の乾き度を改善して、需要設備の効率をも改善し得る。また、フラッシュタンクの圧力を一定になるように制御するので、フラッシュタンクで分離された温水の温度が一定になり、回収した温水も有効に利用できる。   In addition, since the steam circulated to the steam supply line is dry steam pressurized and heated by a screw compressor, the dryness of the steam supplied to the demand equipment is improved and the efficiency of the demand equipment is also improved. obtain. Further, since the pressure of the flash tank is controlled to be constant, the temperature of the hot water separated by the flash tank becomes constant, and the recovered hot water can be used effectively.

また、本発明の蒸気回収設備において、前記圧縮機は、回転数の上昇によって容量が増加する容積式圧縮機が好ましく、前記制御手段は、前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力を、予め設定した目標値に近づけるように、前記圧縮機の容量を制御する例えばＰＩＤコントローラであることが好ましい。   Further, in the steam recovery facility of the present invention, the compressor is preferably a positive displacement compressor whose capacity increases as the rotational speed increases, and the control means sets the pressure in the flash tank to a preset target value. A PID controller, for example, that controls the capacity of the compressor so as to be close to each other is preferable.

これより、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１に、本発明の１つの実施形態の蒸気回収設備１を備え、蒸気需要設備２へ蒸気を供給するシステムの概要を示す。 Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an outline of a system that includes a steam recovery facility 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention and supplies steam to a steam demand facility 2.

蒸気需要設備２には、例えば、発電設備における熱交換器、穀類を蒸し煮する装置、有機性廃棄物を熱分解によりガス化して生成されたタールや蒸気で改質するための改質炉などのプロセス設備がある。   The steam demand facility 2 includes, for example, a heat exchanger in a power generation facility, a device for steaming cereals, a reforming furnace for reforming organic waste by gasification by pyrolysis or steam, etc. There are process facilities.

このシステムでは、蒸気ヘッダ３から、例えば、圧力Ｐｏ＝６ｂａｒＧで、温度１５９℃の蒸気が供給され、制御弁４によって流量を調節しながら、供給ライン５を介して蒸気需要設備２に蒸気が導入される。蒸気需要設備２は、例えば、プロセス温度を測定する温度センサ６を有する。そして、コントローラ７がコンソール８からの入力によって予め設定された目標値にプロセス温度を制御するために、制御弁４の開度をコントロールする。   In this system, for example, steam at a temperature of 159 ° C. is supplied from the steam header 3 at a pressure Po = 6 barG, and the steam is introduced into the steam demand facility 2 via the supply line 5 while adjusting the flow rate by the control valve 4. Is done. The steam demand facility 2 includes, for example, a temperature sensor 6 that measures a process temperature. Then, the controller 7 controls the opening of the control valve 4 in order to control the process temperature to a target value set in advance by input from the console 8.

例えば、コントローラ７は、蒸気需要設備２の温度と目標値との偏差を算出し、算出した偏差に負の定数を乗じた値と、同じ偏差の積分値に負の定数を乗じた値と、同じ偏差の微分値に負の定数を乗じた値とを現在の制御弁４の開度の制御出力に加算するＰＩＤ制御を行う。   For example, the controller 7 calculates a deviation between the temperature of the steam demand facility 2 and the target value, a value obtained by multiplying the calculated deviation by a negative constant, a value obtained by multiplying the integral value of the same deviation by a negative constant, PID control is performed in which a value obtained by multiplying the differential value of the same deviation by a negative constant is added to the current control output of the opening degree of the control valve 4.

蒸気需要設備２では、蒸気がプロセスに利用されて熱を奪われる。そして、蒸気の一部が凝縮して液相になり、低圧の気液混合流体が蒸気回収設備１に排出される。蒸気回収設備１は、フラッシュタンク９と、スクリュ圧縮機１０が介設された回収ライン１１と、温水ポンプ１２とを備える。   In the steam demand facility 2, steam is used for the process and heat is taken away. Then, a part of the steam is condensed into a liquid phase, and the low-pressure gas-liquid mixed fluid is discharged to the steam recovery facility 1. The steam recovery facility 1 includes a flash tank 9, a recovery line 11 provided with a screw compressor 10, and a hot water pump 12.

蒸気需要設備２から排出された低圧の気液混合流体は、フラッシュタンク９内に減圧噴射される。これによって、蒸気需要設備２から排出された気液混合流体は、圧力Ｐｆにまでさらに減圧され、液相であった温水の一部が再蒸発する。   The low-pressure gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the steam demand facility 2 is injected into the flash tank 9 under reduced pressure. As a result, the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the steam demand facility 2 is further depressurized to the pressure Pf, and a part of the hot water that is in the liquid phase is re-evaporated.

フラッシュタンク９の中で、液相の温水はその自重により下方に落下するので、上部に気相の蒸気が、下部に液相の温水が、それぞれ分離されて滞留する。フラッシュタンク９の上部の蒸気は、スクリュ圧縮機１０が介設された回収ライン１１から導出される。また、フラッシュタンク９の下部の温水は、温水ポンプ１２によって導出され、温水ライン１３を介して不図示の温水回収設備に移送される。なお、温水ポンプ１２は、フラッシュタンク９内の温水の液面を所定の範囲内に保つように制御される。   In the flash tank 9, the liquid-phase hot water falls downward due to its own weight, so that the vapor in the vapor phase is separated in the upper part and the liquid-phase hot water is retained in the lower part. The steam in the upper part of the flash tank 9 is led out from a recovery line 11 provided with a screw compressor 10. Further, the hot water in the lower part of the flash tank 9 is led out by the hot water pump 12 and transferred to a hot water recovery facility (not shown) via the hot water line 13. The hot water pump 12 is controlled so as to keep the level of the hot water in the flash tank 9 within a predetermined range.

また、フラッシュタンク９は、内部の圧力Ｐｆを検出する圧力センサ（圧力検出手段）１４と、異常な圧力上昇を防ぐ安全弁１５とを備える。   The flash tank 9 also includes a pressure sensor (pressure detection means) 14 that detects the internal pressure Pf, and a safety valve 15 that prevents an abnormal pressure increase.

蒸気回収設備１は、さらに、スクリュ圧縮機１０の駆動減であるモータ１６と、モータ１６の回転数を制御するドライバ１７と、ドライバ１７のモータ１６の駆動回転数の設定値を定める、設定信号Ｃｓを出力するコントローラ（制御手段）１８とを有する。   The steam recovery facility 1 further includes a motor 16 that is a reduction in driving of the screw compressor 10, a driver 17 that controls the rotational speed of the motor 16, and a setting signal that determines a setting value for the rotational speed of the motor 16 of the driver 17. And a controller (control means) 18 for outputting Cs.

スクリュ圧縮機１０は、ケーシング内に互いに噛み合う雌雄一対のスクリュロータを有し、スクリュロータの回転により、蒸気を吸込み、圧縮して吐出する容積式の圧縮機である。スクリュ圧縮機１０の容量（出力）は、モータ１６の回転数に比例する。   The screw compressor 10 is a positive displacement compressor that has a pair of male and female screw rotors that mesh with each other in a casing, and sucks, compresses, and discharges steam by the rotation of the screw rotor. The capacity (output) of the screw compressor 10 is proportional to the rotational speed of the motor 16.

よって、スクリュ圧縮機１０は、回収ライン１１を介して、モータ１６の回転数に比例した量の蒸気をフラッシュタンク９から吸引し、その内部で圧縮加熱して供給ライン５に導入する。   Therefore, the screw compressor 10 sucks an amount of steam proportional to the number of revolutions of the motor 16 from the flash tank 9 through the recovery line 11, compresses and heats it inside, and introduces it into the supply line 5.

また、スクリュ圧縮機１０は、蒸気に油などを混入させないために、オイルフリー式スクリュ圧縮機であることが好ましい。   The screw compressor 10 is preferably an oil-free screw compressor so as not to mix oil or the like into the steam.

また、ドライバ１７は、例えば、コントローラ１８から入力される設定信号Ｃｓに応じて出力周波数が決定されるインバータ（周波数変換器）である。   The driver 17 is, for example, an inverter (frequency converter) whose output frequency is determined according to the setting signal Cs input from the controller 18.

コントローラ１８には、圧力センサ１４の検出値Ｐｆが入力される。そして、コントローラ１８は、コンソール１９を介して予め設定された目標圧力Ｐｓとの偏差（Ｐｆ−Ｐｓ）をなくすように、スクリュ圧縮機１０の容量を変更するために、ドライバ１７の設定信号Ｃｓを逐次変更する。   The controller 18 receives the detection value Pf of the pressure sensor 14. Then, the controller 18 sends the setting signal Cs of the driver 17 to change the capacity of the screw compressor 10 so as to eliminate the deviation (Pf−Ps) from the target pressure Ps set in advance via the console 19. Change sequentially.

例えば、コントローラ１８は、フラッシュタンク９の圧力Ｐｆの目標値Ｐｓに対する偏差（Ｐｆ−Ｐｓ）を算出し、算出した偏差（Ｐｆ−Ｐｓ）に正の定数を乗じた値と、偏差（Ｐｆ−Ｐｓ）の積分値に正の定数を乗じた値と、偏差（Ｐｆ−Ｐｓ）の微分値に正の定数を乗じた値とを現在のドライバ１７の設定値Ｃｓに加算するＰＩＤ制御を行う。   For example, the controller 18 calculates a deviation (Pf−Ps) of the pressure Pf of the flash tank 9 with respect to the target value Ps, a value obtained by multiplying the calculated deviation (Pf−Ps) by a positive constant, and the deviation (Pf−Ps). PID control is performed to add a value obtained by multiplying the integral value of) by a positive constant and a value obtained by multiplying the differential value of the deviation (Pf−Ps) by a positive constant to the set value Cs of the current driver 17.

これにより、フラッシュタンク９の圧力Ｐｆは目標圧力Ｐｓに保たれ、フラッシュタンク９内の温水の温度は、圧力Ｐｓにおける飽和水蒸気の温度に一致して一定に保たれる。例えば、圧力Ｐｆ＝Ｐｓ＝０ｂａｒＧ（大気圧）の場合、温水の温度は１００℃である。   As a result, the pressure Pf of the flash tank 9 is kept at the target pressure Ps, and the temperature of the hot water in the flash tank 9 is kept constant in accordance with the temperature of the saturated water vapor at the pressure Ps. For example, when the pressure Pf = Ps = 0 barG (atmospheric pressure), the temperature of the hot water is 100 ° C.

このように、温水回収設備に送られる温水の温度が一定になることで、温水回収設備における温水の利用効率が高くなる。   As described above, the temperature of the hot water sent to the hot water recovery facility becomes constant, so that the use efficiency of the hot water in the hot water recovery facility is increased.

また、フラッシュタンク９から回収ライン１１に導出された蒸気は、スクリュ圧縮機１０によって、圧力６ｂａｒＧ、温度１５９℃以上に圧縮加熱されて、供給ライン５に環流させられる。このため、回収ライン１１から環流される過熱蒸気は、供給ライン５における蒸気の乾き度を改善し、蒸気需要設備２の効率をも改善し得る。   Further, the steam led out from the flash tank 9 to the recovery line 11 is compressed and heated to a pressure of 6 barG and a temperature of 159 ° C. or higher by the screw compressor 10 and is circulated to the supply line 5. For this reason, the superheated steam circulated from the recovery line 11 can improve the dryness of the steam in the supply line 5 and can also improve the efficiency of the steam demand facility 2.

また、蒸気需要設備２からフラッシュタンク９に導入、或いは、フラッシュタンク９で再蒸発した蒸気は、その圧力Ｐｆが一定に保たれる。このことは、フラッシュタンク９の容積が一定であるので、新たにフラッシュタンク９に導入または再蒸発した蒸気と同量の蒸気が、スクリュ圧縮機１０によって、回収ライン１１を介して供給ライン５に環流させられることを意味する。   Moreover, the pressure Pf of the steam introduced into the flash tank 9 from the steam demand facility 2 or re-evaporated in the flash tank 9 is kept constant. This is because the volume of the flash tank 9 is constant, so that the same amount of steam newly introduced or re-evaporated into the flash tank 9 is supplied to the supply line 5 via the recovery line 11 by the screw compressor 10. It means that it can be refluxed.

つまり、蒸気回収設備１のフラッシュタンク９で得られる蒸気の全量は、回収ライン１１を介して供給ライン５に環流されて、蒸気需要設備２において全て有効利用される。   That is, the total amount of steam obtained in the flash tank 9 of the steam recovery facility 1 is circulated to the supply line 5 via the recovery line 11 and is all effectively used in the steam demand facility 2.

本実施形態において、蒸気回収設備１の消費電力、つまり、モータ１６の消費電力は、回収ライン１１を介して供給ライン５に環流される蒸気と同量の蒸気を新たにボイラで発生させるために必要なエネルギーコストよりも例えば２０％程度少ないものとなり、大幅な省エネルギー化が実現されている。   In the present embodiment, the power consumption of the steam recovery facility 1, that is, the power consumption of the motor 16 is to generate the same amount of steam as the steam recirculated to the supply line 5 through the recovery line 11 in the boiler. For example, it is about 20% less than the required energy cost, and a significant energy saving is realized.

本発明の１つの実施形態の蒸気回収設備を含むシステムの概略図。1 is a schematic diagram of a system including a steam recovery facility according to one embodiment of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 蒸気回収設備
２ 蒸気需要設備
５ 供給ライン
９ フラッシュタンク
１０ スクリュ圧縮機
１１ 回収ライン
１２ 温水ポンプ
１３ 温水ライン
１４ 圧力センサ（圧力検出手段）
１８ コントローラ（制御手段） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam recovery equipment 2 Steam demand equipment 5 Supply line 9 Flash tank 10 Screw compressor 11 Recovery line 12 Hot water pump 13 Hot water line 14 Pressure sensor (pressure detection means)
18 Controller (control means)

Claims (3)

蒸気供給ラインから供給される蒸気の熱を消費する需要設備から排出される液相の温水と気相の蒸気との気液混合流体から気相の蒸気を回収する蒸気回収設備であって、
前記需要設備から排出される気液混合流体を減圧噴射して再蒸発させるとともに、残留する液相の温水を下部に分離するフラッシュタンクと、
前記フラッシュタンクの上部から気相の蒸気を導出して、圧縮機により圧縮して前記供給ラインに環流させる回収ラインと、
前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力を検出する圧力検出手段と、
前記圧力検出手段が検出した前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力に応じて、前記圧縮機の容量を制御する制御手段とを備えることを特徴とする蒸気回収設備。 A steam recovery facility for recovering vapor phase vapor from a gas-liquid mixed fluid of liquid phase hot water and vapor phase vapor discharged from a demand facility that consumes heat of vapor supplied from a vapor supply line,
A flash tank that injects the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharged from the demand facility under reduced pressure and re-evaporates, and separates the remaining liquid-phase hot water into the lower part,
A recovery line for extracting vapor in the vapor phase from the upper part of the flash tank, compressing it by a compressor and circulating it to the supply line;
Pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure in the flash tank;
Steam recovery equipment comprising control means for controlling the capacity of the compressor in accordance with the pressure in the flash tank detected by the pressure detection means. 前記圧縮機は、回転数の上昇によって容量が増加することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蒸気回収設備。   The steam recovery facility according to claim 1, wherein the compressor has a capacity that increases as the rotational speed increases. 前記制御手段は、前記フラッシュタンク内の圧力を、予め設定した目標値に近づけるように、前記圧縮機の容量を制御することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の蒸気回収設備。   The steam recovery facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means controls the capacity of the compressor so that the pressure in the flash tank approaches a preset target value.
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