JP2008255727A - Method for removing water contained in building material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for removing water contained in a building material by which the contained water is discharged from the building material which has absorbed the water during construction work, and an air-dried state is restored. <P>SOLUTION: In discharging the contained water from the building material used in an upper skeleton structure of a building during the construction work of a building, after the completion of the construction of the skeleton for constructing the upper skeleton structure on a foundation structure, an enforced ventilation device is installed in the upper skeleton structure and operated, and outside air is introduced to an inner space of the upper skeleton structure to promote the discharge of the contained water from the building material. After completing the discharge of the contained water, the enforced ventilation device is removed. A pressure ventilation device is preferably installed in an underfloor inspection port of a first floor so that the outside air introduced to the inner space of the upper skeleton structure is discharged to the outside via the inner space of the foundation structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention generally relates to a method for removing moisture contained in building materials used when constructing a building such as a house, and more particularly, a method for releasing excess moisture of building materials absorbed during construction work during construction work. About.
The present invention also relates to a method for temporarily ventilating a house in order to reduce the concentration of volatile organic compounds.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the suitable forced ventilation apparatus used for the removal method of the moisture content of the said building material, and a temporary ventilation method.

Among building materials used in buildings such as houses, concrete panels and siding panels molded in factories, for example, have water absorption, and when they come into contact with materials that contain moisture, such as mortar, they absorb that moisture. It will be in a state containing moisture.
Also, depending on the construction method of the building, the building material is absorbed by being exposed to rain after being brought into the field. In particular, in a building portion with a small drainage gradient such as a flat roof surface such as a flat roof or a flat floor surface of a veranda, the roof floor surface is poorly drained, and the building material may absorb water due to rain before completion of waterproofing construction.
Furthermore, due to technological innovation, the construction period of buildings such as houses tends to be shortened, and the period during which the absorbed building materials can release moisture by natural drying is becoming shorter. In addition, the construction of buildings that are designed to be particularly airtight from the viewpoint of improving energy-saving habitability is increasing, and the natural ventilation in the room during construction is not sufficient, which tends to hinder the release of moisture from the building materials. .

  If the building material absorbs water during construction for the reasons described above and the moisture is not released sufficiently, condensation may occur inside the building or cause a high humidity to the occupants of the building. In addition, if there is excess moisture in the building material, it may affect the durability of the building material.

Conventionally, various devices for dehumidifying and ventilating indoor air in a house have been developed, but no method for solving the above problem has been found. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a ventilating dehumidifying device that heats outside air for underfloor drying and blows it under the floor. Patent Literature 2 discloses underfloor air in which a ventilation fan is installed at a basic ventilation port for underfloor drying. A dehumidifying ventilator is disclosed, and Patent Document 3 discloses a residential ventilation system that promotes ventilation in a residential building and does not cause discomfort to residents. However, these technologies are all related to how ventilation is performed in a completed house, and cannot solve the problem of absorbing excessive moisture contained in building materials during construction work.
JP 09-22251 A Registered Utility Model No. 3036520 JP-A-11-247316

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for effectively solving the problem that a building material absorbs water during construction work. Provided is a method for removing moisture contained in building materials, which effectively releases water to return it to its original air-dried state.
Moreover, this invention provides the temporary ventilation method which can be implemented by the method similar to the removal method of the said containing water | moisture content.
Furthermore, this invention provides the suitable forced ventilation apparatus used for the removal method of the said containing water, and a temporary ventilation method.

According to the first invention, a method of removing moisture contained in building materials used in an upper frame structure of a building during construction of the building, the frame work for constructing the upper frame structure on the foundation structure is completed. After that, the moisture content of the building material is characterized in that a forced ventilation device is installed in the upper frame structure and operated for a certain period of time, and the outside air is introduced into the internal space of the upper frame structure to promote the release of the moisture content of the building material. A method of removing the is provided.
Of the building materials that make up the upper frame structure, water-absorbing materials absorb water for various reasons during construction work, but in the method of the first invention, the forced ventilation device guides outside air to the internal space of the upper frame structure. When discharging to the outside through the foundation structure, the building material absorbed by the flow of outside air is dried, and the release of moisture contained in the building material is promoted during construction work.

Here, the upper frame structure refers to the entire frame part constructed above the foundation structure (concrete foundation or foundation). The frame is not particularly limited, such as a frame covered with a roof / floor slab or an outer wall, or a wall-type frame with a frame of a frame composed of column beams.
Roofs, floor slabs, and outer walls that form the internal space of the upper frame structure are building materials with standardized dimensions based on the module dimensions that serve as building design standards. For example, concrete panels and siding panels are used. Once the structure is completed and the building is completed (in the building construction stage), a certain internal space is formed in which rainwater does not flow in from the outside, but outside air is introduced through openings such as windows and ventilation fans and gaps between building materials. sell.
Therefore, the upper housing structure is not a structure that is not open to the outside so that ventilation is not necessary, and the internal space is not a structure that is sealed to the outside, and an open area that allows natural ventilation with the outside, etc. (Equivalent gap area), and is a structure that ensures the number of ventilations equivalent to the amount of ventilation required for the release of moisture contained in the building structure of the building structure. The water is transported by circulating and replacing the internal air with the outside air.
The foundation structure is a lower structure composed of a foundation and foundation that transmits the upper load of the building including the upper frame structure to the ground, but the ventilation openings for the ventilation of the interior space are at the rising part of the outer peripheral foundation It is appropriately formed at important points.

The position of the forced ventilation device installed in the upper housing structure is that the outside air introduced into the internal space of the upper housing structure is circulated through the internal space of the upper housing structure and exhausted to the outside again by the operation of the forced ventilation device. As long as it is.
In addition, building materials essentially include building materials that absorb moisture when exposed to building materials containing moisture, such as mortar, and are exposed to rainwater. Concrete panels such as concrete (ALC), siding panels and the like are particularly exemplified.
For example, in a building with a frame structure, a frame or beam is assembled on the upper part of the foundation or foundation, roof panels and floor panels are laid, and the installation of exterior wall panels is complete. Point to. Similarly, in a building with a wall structure, a roof and a floor are laid on the upper part of the foundation and foundation, and the arrangement of the outer wall panel is completed.
Therefore, the method for removing moisture contained in the building material according to the present invention includes a certain period after the completion of the frame construction, that is, including the completion of the above-mentioned frame construction, and the subsequent waterproofing of the roof panel surface, painting of the outer wall panels, and between the outer wall panel plates. After installing the gap seal, it can be used for internal partitioning and interior finishing.

Thus, the effect | action and effect at the time of using the removal method of the moisture content of the building material which concerns on 1st invention are as follows.
Before the forced ventilation device is operated, the moisture content of the building material including the moisture absorbed by the rain and the water vapor contained in the air in the internal space are in an equilibrium state and are in a high humidity state.
First, the dehumidification of the air in the internal space of the upper housing structure is gradually performed by starting the operation of the forced ventilation device. That is, due to the suction action of the forced ventilation device, high-humidity air is exhausted to the outside of the building via the floor, and the high-humidity air is forcibly expelled to the outside via the internal space of the foundation structure under the first floor. It is.
Along with this, new low-humidity external air is introduced into the internal space of the upper housing structure of the building, and high-humidity air in the internal space of the upper housing structure is replaced with low-humidity air (outside air). Here, “dehumidification” means removing moisture in the air, and is distinguished from removal of moisture absorbed by the building material (release of moisture).
Next, the water | moisture content which a building material absorbs is discharge | released to the air of the internal space of an upper housing structure. In other words, the moisture content of the building material that was in equilibrium with the water vapor of the high-humidity air in the internal space was destroyed by the replacement of air as described above, and excess moisture (building material) from the surface (wall surface or floor surface) of the building material. Moisture absorbed by rain) is released into the low-humidity new air introduced from the outside, and the humidity of the air gradually increases. By repeating such an action, the contained water is gradually removed from the building material.

According to the second invention, in the first invention, there is provided a method for removing moisture contained in building materials, characterized in that the forced ventilation device is removed after the method for removing contained moisture for a certain period.
After it is determined that the release of moisture in the building materials has been completed during the construction work, the forced ventilation device is removed. In this respect, the present invention is clearly different from a ventilation method using a ventilator installed on a wall or ceiling of a kitchen, bathroom, or living room, which is generally performed in a house where a resident lives.

According to the third invention, in the first or second invention, the forced ventilation device is installed and operated at the opening of the upper housing structure communicating with the inner space of the foundation structure, and the inner space of the upper housing structure is operated. A method for removing moisture contained in a building material, characterized in that the outside air to be introduced is guided to the lower floor of the first floor while forcibly circulating the air, and is exhausted to the outside again through the internal space of the foundation structure constituting the lower floor. Provided.
According to such a configuration, outside air is guided to the internal space of the upper frame structure in which the water-absorbing building material is used, and the moisture content of the building material that has absorbed excess moisture is released during that time, while the ventilation amount with the outside air Is exhausted to the outside through a sufficiently secured internal space of the foundation structure. Here, the opening where the forced ventilation device is installed is formed exclusively for the installation of the ventilation device, and even if the opening is closed when the ventilation device is removed, other equipment, etc. It may be an opening that is an opening before being arranged, or an opening that is inherently provided in the foundation structure may be used.

According to a fourth invention, in the third invention, there is provided a method for removing moisture contained in a building material, wherein a pressure ventilation fan is detachably installed as the forced ventilation device in the opening.
As will be described later, since the forced ventilation device used in the method for removing moisture contained in the present invention has a larger air volume than a ventilation device installed in a normal house, a pressure type ventilation fan is used as the forced ventilation device. In addition, when the release of the contained water is completed, it is detachably installed in the opening so as to be easily removed. Here, “removably installed” means that the forced ventilation device is temporarily installed in a state of being suspended from the opening of the first floor without being firmly fixed with bolts or the like. . Therefore, even when the forced ventilation device is removed, it can be easily lifted from the floor opening.

According to a fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, the forced ventilation device is configured such that the intake side faces the upper housing structure internal space and the exhaust side faces the basic structure internal space. A method for removing moisture contained in building materials is provided, which is installed in the opening of the first floor.
By installing a forced ventilator at the opening of the first floor with the intake side facing the internal space of the upper frame structure and the exhaust side facing the internal space of the basic structure, a smooth flow of outside air from the upper frame structure to the basic structure is achieved. And release of the contained water is made effective.

According to a sixth invention, in the fourth or fifth invention, a building material characterized in that a protective member for protecting the forced ventilation device is provided on the side facing the internal space of the upper housing structure of the forced ventilation device. A method for removing the water content of is provided.
According to such a configuration, the operator can go back and forth on the protective member, and even if the material is dropped on the forced ventilation device, the protective member can prevent an accident.

According to a seventh invention, in any one of the fourth to sixth inventions, the wind direction changing means is provided on the side facing the internal space of the basic structure of the forced ventilation device. A removal method is provided.
With such a configuration, the flow of air from the forced ventilation device can be directed to the ventilation opening provided in the foundation structure, and the moisture contained in the interior space of the foundation structure is effectively released.

According to an eighth invention, in any one of the first to seventh inventions, there is provided a method for removing moisture contained in a building material, wherein the building material is a roofing material, a floor material or an outer wall material. . With such a configuration, moisture contained in roofing materials, flooring materials, and outer wall materials that are exposed to the outside and are susceptible to rainfall is released.
According to the ninth invention, in any one of the third to eighth inventions, there is provided a method for removing moisture contained in building materials in which the opening is an underfloor inspection port. In such a configuration, after the completion of the release of the contained moisture, finishing construction of the underfloor inspection port is performed.
According to a tenth aspect, in the ninth aspect, the forced ventilation device is operated continuously from the completion of waterproofing of the upper frame structure to the finishing construction of the underfloor inspection port. A method of removing the is provided. With such a configuration, a sufficient operation period of the ventilation device for dehumidifying the air can be ensured.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, temporary ventilation of a building in a building provided with an opening that connects the internal space of the upper structure to the internal space of the foundation structure in the upper structure constructed on the foundation structure. A building that is operated by installing a forced ventilation device in the opening, exhausting indoor air to the outside through the internal space of the foundation structure, and then removing the forced ventilation device A temporary ventilation method is provided.
An eleventh aspect of the present invention is directed to a building in which an upper structure constructed on a foundation structure is provided with an opening that allows the internal space of the upper structure to communicate with the internal space of the foundation structure. It has the same technical features as the second invention in that it is installed and operated, and the indoor air is exhausted to the outside through the internal space of the foundation structure, and then the forced ventilation device is removed. Such a ventilation method is preferably used to remove indoor pollutants. Here, the superstructure means that built on the foundation structure in the building where construction work has been completed, and is distinguished from the superstructure structure during construction work in the first to tenth inventions. .

According to the twelfth invention, in the eleventh invention, the forced ventilation device is operated after the indoor air pollution source is heated to promote the generation of volatile organic compounds. Provided is a method of temporary ventilation of a building characterized by reducing the compound concentration.
It is particularly preferably applied when reducing the volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration.

According to the thirteenth invention, in a building in which an upper portion constructed on the foundation structure is provided with an opening for communicating the inner space of the upper structure with the inner space of the foundation structure, the opening is temporarily placed on the opening. A forced ventilation device to be installed, comprising a support member mounted on a frame material forming an opening edge of the opening, and a foundation attached to the support member by sucking air in the internal space of the upper structure A ventilation fan body that exhausts air to the internal space of the structure, a protective member that is disposed above the ventilation fan body to protect the ventilation fan body, and a wind direction changing member that is disposed below the ventilation fan body and changes the exhaust flow. A forced ventilation device is provided.
According to such a structure, the forced ventilation apparatus used suitably in 1st to 12th invention is provided. In particular, it is possible to work on the upper part of the forced ventilation device by the protective member, and the moisture content is also released from the internal space of the foundation structure by the air volume changing member.
According to a fourteenth invention, in the thirteenth invention, the opening is an underfloor inspection port, and the protective member is installed such that a step with respect to the floor surface is 0 to 30 mm. A forced ventilation device is provided.

According to the first invention, since the forced ventilation device is installed and operated during the construction, even if the construction material absorbs water during the construction work, the building material is effectively contained during the short construction period. Can be released to return to the air-dried state.
According to the second invention, since the forced ventilation device is removed after the moisture removal method has been performed for a certain period of time, it is not necessary to add extra equipment to the building, and for the construction of a similar building. The same forced ventilation device can be used repeatedly, which is economical.
According to 3rd invention, since it exhausted through the foundation structure, discharge | release of the moisture content of the building material which comprises an upper housing structure can be carried out to every corner.

According to the fourth invention, since the pressure type ventilation fan is detachably installed in the opening, the moisture contained in the building material of the building such as a house can be reliably discharged during the construction period, and the ventilation device Is easy to remove.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the forced air ventilator is installed with the intake side facing the upper frame structure and the exhaust side facing the basic structure at the first floor opening, so the flow of air from the outside is smooth. Thus, the moisture contained in the building material can be effectively released.
According to the sixth invention, since the protective member is provided above the forced ventilator, work on the forced ventilator can be performed, and the material falls into the forced ventilator, resulting in an accident. There is no fear.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the air guided to the basic structure internal space by the wind direction changing means is smoothly guided to the ventilation opening, and the moisture contained in the basic structure is also released.

According to the eighth aspect, the moisture contained in the roofing material, flooring material, and outer wall material that is exposed to the outside and is susceptible to rainfall is effectively released.
According to the ninth invention, since it is not necessary to provide an opening for installing the forced ventilation device, the construction period is shortened and economical, and in a building where members such as an industrialized house are standardized. Since the underfloor inspection port has the same standard, the same supporting member and ventilation device can be used for each building constructed individually.
According to the tenth invention, it is possible to reliably release moisture contained in the absorbed building material.
According to the eleventh aspect, when it is desired to temporarily ventilate a building with a large capacity, it is possible to ventilate effectively.
According to the twelfth invention, the volatile organic compound concentration can be effectively reduced.
According to the thirteenth invention, it is possible to obtain a forced ventilation device that can be installed so as not to disturb the construction work and that can perform ventilation efficiently.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to release the contained moisture without hindering construction work.

The method for removing moisture contained in the building material according to the first embodiment of the present invention is based on the structure of the upper frame in releasing the moisture contained in the building material used in the upper frame structure of the building during the construction of the building. After the construction of the building to be built on is completed, a forced ventilation device is installed in the upper housing structure and operated for a certain period of time, introducing outside air into the interior space of the upper housing structure, and drying the building material that has absorbed water during construction It is something to be made.
The upper frame structure targeted here is an upper frame structure such as a normal one-story, two-story, or three-story building that is built on a foundation structure. If it is used and the building material has a structure that may absorb water during construction work, the method for removing moisture contained in the present invention can be applied. The upper frame structure is preferably constructed of walls, floors, and roofs using building materials such as concrete panels that are factory-molded. When the construction of the upper frame structure is completed, the walls, floors, roofs, etc. It is assembled to form a certain internal space, and waterproof work is applied to the roof etc. so that rainwater etc. does not flow in, while window sashes, ventilation fan through holes, gaps between building materials etc. are sealed (sealed) Even if it is externally sealed, it is still in an incomplete state, and there are certain openings, through holes, gaps, etc. in the wall or the like, and a state in which outside air flows to some extent. In other words, the upper frame structure is a structure in which the construction work is not further absorbed by rainwater after completion of waterproofing work, etc., but there is a gap between the members and the ventilation corresponding to the necessary ventilation amount described later. This structure ensures the number of times.

  The forced ventilation device may be installed anywhere as long as the outside air can be introduced into the internal space of the upper casing structure, and can be installed in an opening such as a window. Therefore, the form which installs and operates a forced ventilation apparatus in opening parts, such as a window, is also embodiment of this invention. However, some problems may arise when installed, for example, in window openings. In other words, if a forced ventilation device is installed on the window, rainwater can be blown in the rain, there are many obstacles in the construction around the opening, there are security problems, the sash may be damaged, exhaust There are problems such as noise and noise that may annoy neighbors.

Therefore, in the method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to avoid these problems, a forced ventilation device is installed on the first floor and exhausted to the outside through the internal space of the foundation structure.
The foundation structure supporting the upper frame structure may be any ordinary foundation structure provided with a ventilation port. The foundation structure is, for example, a reinforced concrete continuous cloth foundation, and it can be considered that the outer peripheral part and the inner peripheral part are all integrated. In that case, a plurality of ventilation openings are long at the rising part of the basic structure of the outer peripheral part. A plurality of ventilation holes that communicate with each other between the foundation grids are provided at appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction. Natural ventilation of the internal space of the foundation structure is made through these ventilation openings. The ventilation port of the basic rising part has a finding area (provided on the basic rising surface) of about 300 cm ² at intervals of about 4 m, for example, and can obtain a sufficient opening area for exhaust by the forced ventilation device.
In order to exhaust air through the internal space of the foundation structure, a forced ventilation device is installed in the opening of the upper frame structure communicating with the internal space of the foundation structure. This opening can be used, for example, by using a part of the first-story floor slab as unfinished and finishing the part after releasing the contained moisture. In general, there is a floor opening such as an underfloor inspection port. Therefore, for example, the underfloor inspection port can be used as an opening for installing the forced ventilation device for a certain period during the construction period.

Here, the amount of ventilation required when the moisture content of building materials is released by the forced ventilation device will be examined.
FIG. 1 shows a state in which an upper frame structure of a two-story house is built on a foundation structure. By operation of a forced ventilation device installed on the first floor, an opening, a gap, etc. of the upper frame structure are shown. Outside air is introduced into the rooms on the first and second floors, and the water that has absorbed water that forms the walls, floors, ceilings, and roofs of the upper frame structure is dried. The outside air introduced to the second floor via the installed forced ventilation device is sucked in by the forced ventilation device installed in the inspection floor on the first floor through the air vents, etc., and led to the internal space of the foundation structure under the floor, and the foundation structure It is exhausted to the outside again from the ventilation port. In the case of a generally designed house, the volume of the internal space of the foundation structure, which is the underfloor space on the first floor, is about 1/10 or more of the volume of the internal space of the upper frame structure. Corresponds to about 10 times or more of the internal space of the upper housing structure.

The effects and effects of the method for removing moisture contained in the building material according to the present invention are as follows.
Before the forced ventilation device is operated, the moisture content of the building material including the moisture absorbed by the rain and the water vapor contained in the air in the internal space are in an equilibrium state and are in a high humidity state.
First, the dehumidification of the air in the internal space of the upper housing structure is gradually performed by starting the operation of the forced ventilation device. That is, due to the suction action of the forced ventilation device, high-humidity air is exhausted to the outside of the building via the floor, and the high-humidity air is forcibly expelled to the outside via the internal space of the foundation structure under the first floor. It is.
Accordingly, new air with low external humidity is introduced into the internal space of the upper housing structure of the building, and high-humidity air in the internal space of the upper housing structure is replaced with air with low humidity (outside air). Here, “dehumidification” means removing moisture in the air, and is distinguished from removal of moisture absorbed by the building material (release of moisture).
Next, the water | moisture content which a building material absorbs is discharge | released to the air of the internal space of an upper housing structure. That is, the moisture content of the building material that was in equilibrium with the water vapor of the high humidity air in the internal space is destroyed by the replacement of air as described above, and surplus moisture (building material) from the surface (wall surface or floor surface) of the building material. The moisture absorbed by the rain) is released to the new low-humidity air introduced from the outside, and the humidity of the air gradually increases. By repeating such an action, the contained water is gradually removed from the building material.
In addition, the amount of ventilation required to introduce external air from the outside and forcibly circulate the air in the interior space of the upper frame structure can be set based on the amount of moisture that is desired to be removed from the building material. A ventilation rate of at least / hour is preferred. Although this ventilation amount is an allowable amount during construction, it is a level that is too large compared to the ventilation amount in an actual living environment (reference value: 0.5 times / hour).

As an example, the ventilation amount for removing 2 t of the moisture weight contained in the building material constituting the upper frame structure by forced ventilation is calculated as follows.
First, it is assumed that the outside air flowing into the internal space of the upper frame structure has, for example, a monthly average temperature of April in Tokyo of 15.1 ° C. and a relative humidity of 61% RH. Then, the relative humidity of the internal space of the upper housing structure at this time is 100% RH, and the relative humidity when inflowing outside air is forced into the internal space of the upper housing structure and then sucked into the internal space of the foundation structure under the floor. Is 80.5% RH which is the median relative humidity value between the inflowing outside air (61% RH) and the internal space of the upper housing structure (100% RH). Here, it is assumed that the temperature does not change for simple calculation.
In this case, since the outside air before flowing into the building is in a state where the temperature is 15.1 ° C. and the relative humidity is 61% RH, it has moisture of 7.869 g / m ³ . The new low-humidity air that has entered the internal space comes into contact with the building material containing excess moisture, so that the equilibrium state is lost and moisture moves from the building material to room air. When the air is sucked into the internal space of the foundation structure under the floor, the temperature is 15.1 ° C., the relative humidity is 80.5% RH, and the moisture content is 10.385 g / m ³ . It becomes. Therefore, in calculation, the inflowing outside air convects the internal space of the upper housing structure, returns to the outside through the internal space of the foundation structure, and 10.385 g / m ³ −7.869 g / m ³ = 2.51 g. / M ³ of water can be moved.
Here, in order to discharge 2t of moisture from the building material constituting the internal space of the upper frame structure, the construction period during which forced exhaust can be performed is 40 days,
A ventilation volume of 2,000,000 g / (40 days × 24 hours) / (2.5 g / m ³ ) = 833 m ³ / hour is required.
Therefore, it is considered sufficient to use a ventilation facility having a ventilation capacity of 1000 m ³ / hour.
By the way, when calculating the monthly moisture weight in Tokyo when using a ventilation facility with a ventilation capacity of 1000 m ³ / hour, the construction period in which forced exhaust can be carried out is 40 days, and in January, a moisture weight of 1.8 t, 4 It is expected that a moisture content of 2.4 t will be emitted in the month, a moisture mass of 2.4 t in July, and a moisture content of 3.0 t in October.
Actually, in the initial stage of installation of the ventilation device, the amount of discharge is large because the inside of the upper housing structure is high humidity, and as the drying progresses, the relative humidity in the upper housing structure decreases and the amount of water discharge decreases. In addition, since the operation time of the ventilator may be reduced due to the work at the site, it is necessary to allow for this point.

The ventilation volume of 1000 m ³ / hour explained above corresponds to 3.3 ventilation / hour as the ventilation frequency of a house with a total floor area of 40 tsubo (the floor may be 2nd floor or 3rd floor). In order to release the moisture content of the building materials to be configured, a large amount of ventilation is required as compared with the case of normal ventilation. The ventilation frequency is a level that is too large compared with ventilation in an actual living environment.
By the way, in general, it is obliged to install ventilation equipment 0.5 times / hour from the viewpoint of indoor air quality due to the revision of the Building Standards Act in 2003, but in the living environment, especially in winter, When the amount of ventilation is large, comfort may be impaired due to the feeling of airflow. Note that the ventilation rate when ventilation is performed by opening a window is approximately 30 times / hour or more.
As described above, a forced ventilation device having a large air volume is used, and preferably a device capable of achieving a ventilation frequency of 2 to 10 times / hour is selected. In particular, even if the internal / external differential pressure is large, the displacement is not easily reduced. A pressure ventilation fan is used.

Next, the installation structure of the forced ventilation device 9 according to the present invention will be described.
The forced ventilation device 9 is housed in a box-shaped support member 17 and dropped together with the support member 17 from the underfloor inspection port 8 into the floor, and the support member 17 is stored below the first floor at the underfloor inspection port 8. It does not protrude. Further, the upper portion of the forced ventilation device 9 is protected by a lattice-shaped protection member 19 placed by using the periphery of the underfloor inspection port 8. That is, the protection member 19 is fitted on the flange-like edge portion 17b of the support member 17 along the periphery of the underfloor inspection port 8, and the installation height is substantially the same level as the first floor surface.

Fig. 2 shows an example in which a forced ventilation device consisting of a pressure-type ventilation fan is installed at the inspection floor under the first floor. In Fig. 1, the rising part of the outer peripheral part and the rising part of the inner peripheral part of the continuous fabric foundation are integrated. In the foundation structure, a plurality of ventilation holes 2 are provided in the outer peripheral portion at appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of ventilation holes for communicating the basic grids with each other are also provided in the inner peripheral portion in the longitudinal direction. It is provided with an appropriate interval along, and is structured to allow ventilation in the foundation structure. The ventilation ports 2 are arranged, for example, at intervals of about 4 m, for example, and have a finding area of, for example, about 300 cm ² , and an opening area sufficient for exhausting by the forced ventilation device can be obtained. In the figure, 3 is the upper frame structure built on the foundation structure 1, 4 is the first floor slab, 4a is the surface of the floor panel, 5 is the second floor slab, and 6 is the atrium connecting the first and second floors. Reference numeral 7 denotes an opening in which a window or the like is installed.
The first floor slab 4 of the upper frame structure 3 is provided with an underfloor inspection port 8. A forced ventilator 9 composed of a pressure type ventilation fan is connected to the underfloor inspection port 8, and the intake side is set to the first floor room side. The exhaust side is detachably installed toward the internal space of the foundation structure 3.
Then, by operating the forced ventilation device 9, outside air is introduced into the room through the opening 7 of the upper housing structure 3 or a gap between members (not shown), and is sucked by the forced ventilation device 9 to It is led to the internal space, exhausted to the outside again through the ventilation port 2 and ventilated, and the building material constituting the upper frame structure 3 is dried by forced air circulation during that time, and the moisture content in the foundation structure 1 is also reduced. To be released.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the first-floor floor showing the installation structure of the forced ventilation device 9 at the lower-floor inspection port 8 on the first floor in more detail. The underfloor inspection port 8 is a rectangular through-hole formed in the first-floor floor slab 4, and the through-hole is formed of a member having an L-shaped cross-section in one floor panel region where the through-hole is to be provided. It is formed by laying a steel frame member 11 for floor laying and partially laying a floor panel.
A floor opening frame member 10 is fixedly attached to the inner peripheral edge of the through hole along the steel frame member 11. That is, the floor opening frame member 10 is attached to a steel frame member 11 in contact with an L-shaped rising piece in cross-sectional view and in contact with a horizontal piece on the first floor slab 4 side.
Further, on the substantially horizontal upper surface of the frame member 10, an outer frame member 12 having substantially the same outer peripheral dimensions as the frame member 10 but having a width smaller than that of the frame member 10 is fixedly attached. A receiving seat 13 is formed on the inner portion of the outer frame member 12. This structure is a floor opening structure of an underfloor inspection port constructed in a normal industrialized house, and is a floor slab in which a plurality of standardized concrete panels are provided on the foundation, foundation or beam.

The forced ventilation device 9 includes a frame 14 and a ventilation fan main body including a drive unit 15 and a blade member 16, and is placed on a bottom portion 17 a in which a rectangular opening of the support member 17 is formed. The frame 14 is provided with a plurality of Tasuki-shaped arm portions 14b on a rectangular frame frame 14a having a seating portion that spreads outward in a flange shape, and the drive portion 15 has a drive shaft 15a substantially on the center side of the frame frame 14a. The blade member 16 is attached to the drive shaft 15a and is disposed at a position surrounded by the frame frame 14a, and is attached to the support member 17 together with the support member 17. It is mounted on the seat 13.
In the present invention, the support member 17 with respect to the underfloor opening and the forced ventilation device 9 with respect to the support member 17 can be easily attached and detached, so that the process can be performed at any time during the construction of the building. Anyone can install or remove a forced ventilation device, regardless of job type.
The forced ventilation device 9 is a ventilation fan device that is temporarily installed during the construction work of the building, and the attachment / detachment work of the ventilation device 9 is a one-side operation performed from the upper side of the floor slab surface 4a. Eliminates fixing with bolts that must be operated from both sides. In this case, there is a problem that vibration is generated during operation of the ventilator. To suppress this, the clearance between the steel frame member 11 for floor laying and the support member 17 is set to about 3 to 5 mm, and the support member In order to prevent lateral displacement, 17 is fitted into the receiving seat 13 frame of the inner portion of the outer frame member 12.

As shown in FIG. 4, the support member 17 is a rectangular box-like frame body in which a rectangular opening is formed and a bottom portion 17a is formed in a strip shape. The forced ventilation device 9 is provided with a frame frame 14a on the bottom portion 17a. The flange-shaped portion is seated and fastened by fastening means 18 such as bolts and nuts and attached to the support member 17.
Further, the upper edge portion of the support member 17 is bent outward and formed into a flange shape. The flange-like edge portion 17b is seated on the receiving seat 13, and the support member 17 is attached to the forced ventilation device 9 together. It is placed on the frame member 10. Further, the length (depth) of the support member 17 in the lower floor direction is such a depth that the drive unit 15 that is the top of the forced ventilation device 9 is positioned at a position lower than the height of the upper surface of the frame member 10. Is secured.

As shown in FIG. 5, a rectangular protective member 19 in which a plurality of rod-shaped lattices 19 b are provided on a rectangular peripheral member 19 a is provided on the support member 17, and the peripheral member 19 a is connected to the frame member 10. The support member 17 is seated on the flange-like edge portion 17b of the support member 17 and is placed on the flange-like edge portion 17b. The upper surface of the protection member 19 is substantially flush with the upper surface of the outer frame member 12. . The protective member 19 is preferably installed such that the step with the floor surface is 0 to 30 mm.
Further, the forced ventilation device 9 is a pressure type in which the upper housing structure side that hits the upper side in the installed state is the intake side and the inner space side of the foundation structure 1 that hits the lower side is the exhaust side, and the exhaust is directed downward in the axial direction. It is done. Therefore, the forced ventilation device 9 is provided with wind direction changing means. That is, on the support member 17 to which the forced ventilation device 9 is attached, a baffle plate 20 that constitutes a wind direction changing means is arranged downwardly from the blade member 16 of the forced ventilation device 9 at a predetermined interval, and a plurality of bolts -It is fixed by connecting means 21 consisting of a nut or the like, and the flow of the air exhausted downward in the axial direction hits the baffle plate 20 and flows in a horizontal direction with the air direction changed.

The forced ventilation device 9 as described above can be easily installed by being housed in a box-like support member 17 and dropping into the first floor under the floor inspection port 8 provided on the first floor with the support member 17. In addition, the installation state is stable due to the weight of the device. In addition, when the operation of releasing the contained water is completed, the supporting member 17 can be easily removed by pulling it up from the underfloor inspection port 8. For example, when it is installed in a window or the like, the building or other equipment is damaged at the time of removal. Never give.
Furthermore, since the support member 17 is stored below the floor of the first floor at the underfloor inspection port 8 and does not protrude, it is placed on the forced ventilation device 9 using the periphery of the underfloor inspection port 8 ( It is protected by a lattice-shaped protection member 19 (which is fitted). That is, the installation height of the protection member 19 is set to be approximately the same level as the first floor surface.
It can be protected by a grid-like protective member 19 placed on the forced ventilation device 9 using the periphery of the underfloor inspection port 8, and construction materials etc. are placed on the forced ventilation device 9 while ensuring the inflow of air. The protective member 19 is fitted on the flange-like edge 17b of the support member 17 along the periphery of the underfloor inspection port 8, and the installation height thereof is reduced to the first floor surface. Since the level is almost the same level, the worker can freely walk on the forced ventilation device 9 and does not catch the ventilation device when moving the load, ensuring good workability at the site. Is done.

Since the forced ventilation device 9 having the above structure is a pressure type, a large amount of air necessary for dehumidifying the air can be secured by a single unit. When the forced ventilation device 9 is operated, the internal space of the upper housing structure 3 becomes a reduced pressure, and the release of excess water from building materials such as ALC building materials is promoted. In that case, a certain air flow feeling is generated, but it is not a problem because it is under construction.
Furthermore, because it is installed at the inspection floor 8, it does not cause security problems even at night when there are no workers, and it causes trouble to the neighbors due to exhaust and noise. Nor.

As described above, the forced ventilation device 9 is operated, the outside air is guided to the internal space of the upper housing structure 3, and is forcedly circulated in the internal space of the upper housing structure 3, via the internal space of the foundation structure 1. The outside air is discharged from the ventilation port 2 again, but the circulated outside air passes around the building material of the upper frame structure 3 that absorbs water for various reasons, absorbs moisture from the surface of the building material, and dries it. The release of moisture contained in the building material is promoted during construction work. For the operation of the forced ventilation device 9, after the waterproof construction of the upper frame structure 3 is completed, it is necessary to complete the construction of the underfloor inspection port 8 until the release of contained moisture or the forced ventilation device 9 must be removed. It can be carried out until the time, and can be carried out not only during the day when the worker is present but also at night.
When the release of the contained moisture is completed, the forced ventilation device 9 is pulled up from the underfloor inspection port 8 and removed together with the support member 17. At that time, since the forced ventilation device 9 is only dropped into the underfloor inspection port 8, it is easy to clean up and the surroundings of the installation site are not damaged. Moreover, since the dimension of the underfloor inspection port 8 is usually standardized, the removed forced ventilation device 9 can be used as it is many times as it is in the construction site of other houses.

The second embodiment of the present invention is a temporary ventilation method for a building. That is, as described above, the method for removing moisture contained in the present invention can be carried out in order to dry the building material that has absorbed water during the construction, and the foundation structure from the underfloor inspection port which is a preferred embodiment thereof. The large-capacity ventilation method can be used for purposes other than removing moisture contained in building materials. One example is a method for removing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. That is, after the building is completed, as a countermeasure against sick house, the room is heated to accelerate generation of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds. For example, in a new house, the room is heated, for example, at about 30 ° C. for 24 hours to 72 hours by a radiant heater or the like to promote generation of volatile organic compounds contained in interior building materials. Next, the generated volatile organic compounds are exhausted by ventilation. However, ventilation must be performed thoroughly, and it is considered that a ventilation device with an air volume installed in a house is insufficient. Therefore, in such a case, if the temporary ventilation method of the present invention is used, contaminated air can be reliably exhausted.
If it is necessary to temporarily provide quick or large-capacity ventilation for such a purpose or for some other reason, a forced ventilation device with the same structure as described above will be provided at the underfloor inspection port. Can be ventilated by opening the opening moderately to secure the ventilation frequency.

Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples (verification examples).
[Verification Example 1]
In a three-story house, a pressure-type ventilation fan with a ventilation air volume of 1020 m ³ / hour is installed at the inspection floor on the first floor, and the ventilation fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time, and the water-repellent treatment ALC floor panel over the entire first-floor floor It was investigated how can be dried.

(Comparative Example 1)
For comparison, in the house where the ALC floor panel floor was constructed, first, the surface weight moisture content of the ALC floor panel was measured without installing a ventilation fan. FIG. 6 shows the surface weight moisture content in this case for the first floor floor panel upper surface, the second floor floor panel lower surface, the third floor floor panel lower surface, and the roof floor floor panel lower surface on the first day (June 8). The results measured on the 11th day (June 18) and the 22nd day (June 29) are shown in a graph.
As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 6, the moisture content of the ALC floor panel on the first floor was 39% by weight on the first day of measurement, and around 20% by weight in other locations. Is lower for the originally higher-floor floor panels, but still close to 30% by weight. On the other hand, the moisture content of the upper floor ALC floor panel, which has a low moisture content, is increasing.

(Invention Example 1)
Next, in a house where a floor is constructed using an ALC floor panel, a pressure-type ventilation fan with a ventilation air volume of 1020 m ³ / hour is installed at the inspection opening under the floor, and the ventilation fan is continuously operated. The surface weight moisture content of the building material was measured on the upper surface of the floor panel on the first floor, the lower surface of the floor panel on the second floor, the lower surface of the floor panel on the third floor, and the lower surface of the floor panel on the roof floor. FIG. 7 shows the results, which were measured on the first day (July 8), the 10th day (July 17th), the 19th day (July 26th), and the 26th day (August 2nd). The surface weight moisture content of ALC building materials is shown.
As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 7, the moisture content of the ALC floor panel on the first floor was 28% by weight on the first day of measurement, and around 20% by weight on the other floors. The first floor was reduced to 11% by weight, and the other floors were also reduced to 15% by weight or less.
From these results, it can be seen that the drying of building materials is greatly promoted by ventilation operated with a ventilation fan installed at the inspection floor.

[Verification Example 2]
In a three-story house similar to Verification Example 1, as in Verification Example 1, a ventilating fan with a ventilation air volume of 1020 m ³ / hour was installed at the underfloor inspection port, and the ventilation fan was continuously operated for a certain period of time. It was examined how the ALC floor panel was dry throughout the bed.

(Comparative Example 2)
First, when the surface moisture content was measured for all the ALC building materials laid on the first floor on the first day (July 8), the result shown in FIG. 8A was obtained. In this figure, the ALC building material laid on the first floor is viewed from above, and the color of the ALC building material with a higher surface moisture content is shown darker. In this verification example, the number of measured ALC building materials (floor panels) is 34, and the number described in each panel is the surface moisture content (% by weight). From this figure, the average surface moisture content was 28.3% by weight, but it can be seen that the surface moisture content varies considerably depending on the location of the first floor.

(Invention Example 2)
Subsequently, the ventilation fan was continuously operated for a certain period to release the contained water, and the surface moisture content was measured again on the 26th day (August 2). The result is shown in FIG. According to this figure, after drying by the operation of the ventilation fan, the surface moisture content decreases almost uniformly and is in the range of 9 to 14% by weight. The surface moisture content was almost evenly dried regardless of the distance to the ventilation fan, and no stagnation was observed.
The above verification results support that the drying of ALC building materials can be achieved effectively and evenly with respect to the laying area by the moisture content releasing method of the present invention.

  The method for releasing moisture contained in the building material of the present invention can be used when a building such as a detached house is constructed. The temporary ventilation method for a building according to the present invention can be used particularly when implementing measures against a sick house when it is necessary to ventilate a large volume temporarily. The forced ventilation device of the present invention can be suitably used for temporary ventilation of buildings for the purpose of releasing moisture contained in building materials and measures against sick houses.

It is the reference figure which showed the removal method of the moisture content of this invention in order to estimate the ventilation volume required in the removal method of the moisture content of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which attached the forced ventilation apparatus used for the removal method of the moisture content of this invention to the underfloor inspection opening of a building. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which attached the forced ventilation apparatus used for the removal method of the moisture content of this invention to the underfloor inspection opening of a building. It is a top view of the support member to which a forced ventilation apparatus is attached. It is a top view of the protection member arrange | positioned on a forced ventilation apparatus. It is a graph which shows the example of verification of the removal method of the moisture content of this invention, and shows the dry state of the ALC building material when not taking ventilation measures. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the same verification example as in FIG. 6 and showing the dry state of the ALC building material when ventilation is promoted. It is a figure which shows the dry state of a 1st floor ALC building material, (a) shows the state before operating a ventilator, (b) shows the state after operating a ventilator.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Basic structure 2 Ventilation port 3 Upper frame structure 4 First floor slab 8 Underfloor inspection port 9 Forced ventilator 15 Drive part 17 Support member 19 Protection member 20 Baffle plate (wind direction change means)

Claims (14)

  This is a method to remove moisture contained in the building materials used for the upper frame structure of the building during the construction of the building. A method for removing moisture contained in a building material, wherein a ventilation device is installed and operated for a certain period of time, and outside air is introduced into the internal space of the upper frame structure to promote the release of moisture contained in the building material.   The method for removing moisture contained in building materials according to claim 1, wherein the forced ventilation device is removed after the method for removing contained moisture is performed for a certain period.   The forced ventilation device is installed and operated at the opening of the upper frame structure that communicates with the internal space of the foundation structure, and the outside air introduced into the internal space of the upper structure is released to the outside via the internal space of the foundation structure. The method for removing moisture contained in a building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein exhaust is performed.   The method for removing moisture contained in building materials according to claim 3, wherein a pressure type ventilation fan is detachably installed in the opening as the forced ventilation device.   5. The forced ventilation device is installed in a floor opening of the first floor with the intake side facing the internal space of the upper frame structure and the exhaust side facing the internal space of the basic structure. The method for removing moisture contained in the building material according to claim 1.   The method for removing moisture contained in building materials according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a protective member for protecting the forced ventilation device is provided on the side facing the internal space of the upper housing structure of the forced ventilation device.   The method for removing moisture contained in building materials according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a wind direction changing means is provided on a side facing the internal space of the basic structure of the forced ventilation device.   The method for removing moisture contained in a building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the building material is a roofing material, a flooring material, or an outer wall material.   The method for removing moisture contained in a building material according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the opening is an underfloor inspection port.   The method for removing moisture contained in building materials according to claim 9, wherein the forced ventilation device is continuously operated from the completion of waterproofing of the upper frame structure to the finishing construction of the underfloor inspection port.   A method of temporarily ventilating a building in a building in which an upper structure constructed on a foundation structure is provided with an opening that communicates the inner space of the upper structure with the inner space of the foundation structure, the opening A method of temporarily ventilating a building, wherein the building is operated by installing a forced ventilation device, exhausting indoor air to the outside through the internal space of the foundation structure, and then removing the forced ventilation device.   The operation of the forced ventilator is performed after heating an indoor air pollution source to promote generation of a volatile organic compound to reduce the indoor volatile organic compound concentration. Temporary ventilation of the building.   A forced ventilation device temporarily installed in an opening in a building provided with an opening that communicates the internal space of the upper structure with the internal space of the foundation structure in the upper structure built on the foundation structure A support member mounted on a frame member that forms an opening edge of the opening, and a ventilation fan body that is attached to the support member and sucks air in the internal space of the upper structure and exhausts it to the internal space of the foundation structure And a protective member disposed above the ventilation fan body to protect the ventilation fan body, and a wind direction changing member disposed below the ventilation fan body to change the exhaust flow. apparatus.   The forced ventilation device according to claim 13, wherein the opening is an underfloor inspection port, and the protective member is installed such that a step with respect to the floor surface is 0 to 30 mm.