JP2008237162A - Intestinal environment improving composition, sweetening composition and functional food - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an intestinal environment improving composition capable of suppressing the induction of diarrhea when ingesting an indigestible absorbable sweet sugar. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sweetening composition capable of suppressing the induction of diarrhea.
The composition for improving intestinal environment according to the present invention is characterized by containing at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber and low molecular weight alginic acid. The sweetening composition according to the present invention is characterized by containing an indigestible and absorbable sweet sugar and water-insoluble dietary fiber.
[Selection figure] None

Description

  The present invention relates to an intestinal environment improving composition, a sweetening composition, and a functional food.

  In recent years, new materials for sweet saccharides having physiological functions different from those of sugar have been developed. Currently, commercially available sweet saccharides include indigestible disaccharide alcohols such as maltitol and lactitol, hardly absorbable sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and xylitol, and indigestible oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharides. Hereinafter, these sweet sugars (indigestible disaccharide alcohols such as maltitol and lactitol, indigestible sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and xylitol, and indigestible oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharides) are referred to as “indigestible absorbable sweetness”. Carbohydrate ".

  In addition, these sugar-added sugar substitutes (indigestible and absorbable sweet sugars) add to the health benefits of reducing energy intake, saving insulin, reducing caries, improving gut microbiota, minerals There are various effects such as absorption promotion effect.

  However, if a certain amount or more of these indigestible and absorbable sweet saccharides are taken together, the carbohydrates that have not been digested and absorbed move to the large intestine and increase the osmotic pressure in the large intestine. When the osmotic pressure exceeds a certain level, the amount of water stored in the large intestine increases and eventually diarrhea occurs. Since osmotic pressure is affected by the molecular weight of carbohydrates, the diarrhea-inducing properties of indigestible and absorbable sweet carbohydrates reflect the molecular weight well. If carbohydrates are digested and absorbed and the amount reaching the large intestine decreases, the osmotic pressure will not increase that much. In addition, since carbohydrates flowing into the large intestine undergo fermentation degradation by intestinal bacteria, the diarrhea-inducing properties of indigestible and absorbable sweet carbohydrates also depend on the assimilation of ingested carbohydrates by intestinal bacteria. Since the intestinal microflora changes depending on factors such as meal content, age, stress, environment, physical condition, etc., not only individual variation but also intra-individual variation is large. It is thought that these factors are closely related to the large individual differences in susceptibility to diarrhea induced by indigestible sweet saccharides.

  That is, although the above-mentioned conventional sugar sugars have various effects, there is a problem that diarrhea may be induced depending on the intake amount and the intake state.

JP 2004-73197 A

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and is an intestinal environment-improving composition capable of suppressing the induction of diarrhea when taking indigestible absorbable sweet sugar. It is an issue to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sweetening composition that can suppress the induction of diarrhea. Furthermore, this invention is made | formed in order to solve the problem concerning the said prior art, Comprising: It aims at providing the functional food which can suppress the induction | guidance | derivation of diarrhea.

  The intestinal environment improving composition according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is characterized by containing at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber and low molecular weight alginic acid.

  Moreover, the sweetening composition concerning this invention was made | formed in order to solve the said subject, Comprising: The indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide and water-insoluble dietary fiber are contained, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. In the sweetening composition according to the present invention, the water-insoluble dietary fiber is preferably cellulose (crystalline cellulose).

  Furthermore, the sweetening composition according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is characterized by containing an indigestible absorbable sweet sugar and a low molecular weight alginic acid.

  In the sweetening composition according to the present invention, it is preferable that the indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide is at least one selected from maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and fructooligosaccharide.

  The functional food according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is characterized by containing the above-described intestinal environment improving composition.

  Furthermore, the functional food according to the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and is characterized by containing any of the sweetening compositions described above.

  In addition, the functional food according to the present invention includes water sheep cake, Daifuku rice cake, cake, cookies, chocolate, gum, castella, bread, ice cream, pudding, jelly, bavaroa, cream, caramel, jam, rice cake, rice cake, sheep cake, It is preferable that it is either in the middle or confectionery. Furthermore, the functional food according to the present invention is preferably any of a soft drink, a carbonated drink, a lactic acid bacteria drink, a fruit juice drink, and a juice.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the intestinal environment improvement composition which can suppress the induction | guidance | derivation of diarrhea at the time of ingesting a hardly digestible absorbable sweet saccharide can be obtained. Moreover, according to this invention, the sweetening composition which can suppress the induction | guidance | derivation of diarrhea can be obtained. Furthermore, according to this invention, the functional food which can suppress the induction of diarrhea can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

  A partial decomposition product of guar gum, which is a dietary fiber, has been shown to improve diarrhea of the sick and non-cholera diarrhea in infants by ingesting liquid food. It is also known that diarrhea induced by indigestible and absorbable sweet sugar is suppressed by addition of a partially decomposed product of guar gum. However, such an inhibitory effect on diarrhea is not particularly known except for a guar gum partial degradation product. Therefore, the present inventor has found that water-insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose (especially crystalline cellulose)) and low-molecular-weight alginic acid are also resistant to diarrhea caused by ingestion of indigestible absorbable sweet sugar from the results of various experiments and the like. Clarified that there is a suppressive effect.

  The intestinal environment improving composition according to the present invention is characterized by containing at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber and low molecular weight alginic acid. In addition, the sweetening composition according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber and low molecular weight alginic acid and an indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide. Furthermore, the functional food according to the present invention contains the above-described intestinal environment improving composition or sweetening composition, and can suppress the induction of diarrhea.

  That is, the present inventor paid attention to new actions and effects of “water-insoluble dietary fiber” and “low-molecular-weight alginic acid” that were not known so far. It came to invent the composition and functional food (functional food which can suppress the induction of diarrhea).

  Hereinafter, various experiments that have led to the discovery of new actions and effects of “water-insoluble dietary fiber” and “lower molecular weight alginic acid” will be specifically described.

<1. Experimental Materials and Experimental Methods>
(1-1) Inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on indigestible and sweet sugar-induced diarrhea in humans

  In this experiment, first, in order to determine the intake of indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide used to observe the inhibitory effect of diarrhea, the minimum intake of maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharide that each subject induces diarrhea was determined. Asked.

  Next, in order to verify whether the inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on maltitol-induced diarrhea is a characteristic effect of guar gum partial degradation products, maltitol was simultaneously ingested with cellulose or low molecular weight sodium alginate, and The presence or absence of the inhibitory effect was observed.

  In addition, in order to verify whether the inhibitory effect of guar gum partial degradation products against indigestible absorbable sweet sugar-induced diarrhea is a unique effect on maltitol-induced diarrhea, lactol or fructooligosaccharide was used instead of maltitol as a guar gum. Ingested at the same time in combination with a partial degradation product, the presence or absence of diarrhea-inhibiting effect was observed.

(1-1-1) Test substance

  Maltitol, which is a disaccharide alcohol, lactitol, which is a disaccharide alcohol, and fructooligosaccharides were used as indigestible absorbable sweet saccharides. As dietary fiber, guar gum partial decomposition products, low molecular weight sodium alginate, and cellulose were used. In this experiment, the test subjects were prepared as an aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as “test solution”) in which these test substances were dissolved in water, lukewarm water, or tea (confirmed to have no effect on the experiment). Ingested.

(1-1-2) Calculation of maximum no-effect level for transient diarrhea of maltitol, lactitol and fructooligosaccharide

  The individual's sensitivity to diarrhea induced by indigestible and absorbable sweet saccharides such as maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharides varies greatly from individual to individual. Therefore, in order to determine the intake of indigestible absorptive sweet saccharide used for observation of diarrhea inhibitory effect, first, for each indigestible absorptive absorptive sweet saccharide, each subject determined the minimum intake to induce diarrhea. .

  Each indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide was ingested in increments of 15 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g..., And ingested until diarrhea was induced (that is, the “minimum diarrhea-inducing amount” in each subject was determined). .) The maximum intake in this experiment was set at 45 g taking into account the realistic amount that could be ingested in daily life. Then, those who did not develop diarrhea even after ingesting 45 g were treated as those who did not develop diarrhea, and at that time, the ingestion experiment of indigestible absorbable sweet sugar was stopped.

(1-1-3) Inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on indigestible absorbable sweet sugar-induced diarrhea

  If guar gum partial degradation products, low molecular weight sodium alginate, and cellulose have a diarrhea-inhibiting effect, when these are added, even if the minimum diarrhea-inducing amount of maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharide is ingested, Subject is not expected to develop diarrhea. Therefore, in this experiment, 5 g of dietary fiber was added to the minimum amount of diarrhea induced by each indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide alone, and the effect of suppressing diarrhea was confirmed.

  First, in order to clarify whether the inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on maltitol is an effect specific to the combination of maltitol and a partial degradation product of guar gum, an experiment was conducted using another dietary fiber instead of guar gum. In order to clarify the effect of adding water-soluble dietary fiber different from guar gum, we conducted an intake experiment on a combination of low molecular weight sodium alginate and maltitol. In addition, an ingestion experiment was conducted on a combination of cellulose and maltitol.

  In addition, we investigated whether the inhibitory effect of guar gum partial degradation products against indigestible absorbable sweet sugar-induced diarrhea is unique to maltitol-induced diarrhea using other indigestible absorbable sweet sugars. In order to clarify whether guar gum suppresses diarrhea induced by the same disaccharide alcohol as maltitol, an ingestion experiment was conducted on a combination of lactitol and guar gum partial degradation products. Furthermore, in order to clarify the effect on diarrhea induced by indigestible oligosaccharides, an ingestion experiment was performed on a combination of fructooligosaccharides and partial degradation products of guar gum.

  By the way, when dietary fiber is made water-soluble, it often swells and becomes extremely large in volume, increases in viscosity, and is difficult to ingest. Considering this point, in this experiment, the amount of dietary fiber added was unified to 5 g. In addition, since the low molecular weight sodium alginate contains a considerable amount of sodium, the addition amount was set to 7.4 g in order to ingest 5 g as alginic acid.

(1-1-4) Expiratory hydrogen gas emission dynamics observation test

  The ingestible absorbable sweet saccharide ingested moves to the large intestine and undergoes fermentative degradation by intestinal bacteria. If dietary fiber is added to indigestible sweet saccharides that are not digested, the amount of sugar reaching the large intestine will increase, so the amount of exhaled hydrogen gas will change. Therefore, the exhalation hydrogen gas kinetics when maltitol was ingested alone and when dietary fiber was ingested simultaneously were observed over time.

  Exhalation gas collection was performed a total of 9 times before taking the test solution and every hour after taking it up to 8 hours. Expiratory hydrogen gas emission due to sugar alcohol intake began to be discharged earlier than other sugars, and was collected 30 minutes after intake.

(1-1-5) Measurement and observation items such as abdominal symptoms

  Recording sheets for various items ((1) to (6)) were distributed to each subject and recorded by the subject himself / herself. The recorded contents were confirmed for each subject at the time of collection. Specifically, (1) test substance intake time, (2) first stool time after test substance intake, (3) stool condition, (4) abdominal symptoms and subjective symptoms, (5) after test substance intake (6) Other items (special notes such as physical condition and defecation status) were recorded by the subject himself.

(1-2) Delayed effect of dietary fiber on the elimination of maltitol from the stomach in rats

  The effects of dietary fiber on the diarrhea induced by indigestible absorptive sweet saccharides in humans and the effects of dietary fiber coexistence on the osmotic pressure and viscosity of indigestible absorptive sweet saccharides are It was speculated that there are other factors that are different. There have already been several reports that the intake of dietary fiber delays the elimination of carbohydrates from the stomach. I thought that it might be involved as a mechanism of the inhibitory effect. Thus, the delayed effect of cellulose and low molecular weight sodium alginate on maltitol excretion from the stomach was examined using rats.

(1-2-1) Experimental animals

  In the experiment, 80 Wistar male rats were used (average body weight 200.0 ± 24.1 g). 40 mice each were used for the experiment on the inhibitory effect of maltitol on the gastric emptying and the inhibitory effect of low molecular weight sodium alginate. Rats used in each experiment were reared in groups for 5 days on solid feed, and feed and water were ad libitum. It was divided into two groups: maltitol single solution administration group and maltitol and dietary fiber mixed solution administration group. There were 20 mice per group, and 5 mice were sacrificed at 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after administration of the test solution for each group. The room temperature was 23 ± 1 ° C., the humidity was 50 ± 5%, and the indoor lighting was a 12-hour cycle (light period 8:00 to 20:00, dark period 20:00 to 8:00).

(1-2-2) Collection of stomach and small intestine contents after administration of maltitol and cellulose

  After the test substance solution was administered using a stomach tube, it was decapitated at 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes and sacrificed by exsanguination. Rats sacrificed at 0 minutes were sacrificed immediately after administration of the test solution for the purpose of calculating gastric emptying with the amount of maltitol and dietary fiber in the stomach content at 0 minutes after administration of the test solution as 100%.

At each time, after slaughtering, the abdomen was quickly cut open and the contents of the digestive tract were prevented from moving and leaking with forceps, and then extracted into the stomach, upper small intestine, and lower small intestine.
The stomach contents were opened in the stomach and washed in a beaker with 45 mL of physiological saline. The stomach contents were heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and then centrifuged at 10,000 × G and 20 ° C. for 15 minutes. The obtained supernatant was subjected to filtration of contaminants such as proteins using a 0.45 μm membrane filter, and used as an analysis sample of the amount of maltitol remaining in the stomach. Moreover, the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was used as an analysis sample of the amount of residual cellulose in the stomach. The obtained measurement sample (analytical sample) was stored at −20 ° C. until analysis.
The contents of the upper small intestine and lower small intestine were each washed with 25 mL of physiological saline and then heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes to deactivate the enzyme. Subsequent processing was performed in the same manner as the stomach contents sample.

(1-2-3) Collection of stomach and small intestine contents after administration of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate

Collection of stomach and small intestine contents after administration of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate was performed in the same manner as in the experiment in which maltitol and cellulose were administered. However, unlike sodium cellulose, which is insoluble dietary fiber, low molecular weight sodium alginate is present together with maltitol in the supernatant of centrifugation, so only the supernatant was collected.
The contents of the upper and lower small intestines were collected in the same manner as the maltitol and cellulose administration experiments described above.

(1-2-4) Determination of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate in stomach and small intestine contents by HPLC

Maltitol in the stomach, upper small intestine and lower small intestine contents was quantified using HPLC. The analysis conditions of HPLC are as follows.
Measuring instrument SCL-10A HPLC system (Shimadzu Corporation: Kyoto Prefecture)
Column A Shodex SUGAR SC1011 8.0mmID x 300mm (Showa Denko KK: Tokyo)
Column B Shodex SUGAR KS-802 8.0mmID x 300mm (Showa Denko KK: Tokyo)
Mobile phase H ₂ O
Flow rate 1.0mL / min
Column temperature 80 ° C (Column A: SC1011)
50 ° C (Column B: KS-802)
Sample injection volume 5μL
Detector RID-10A differential refraction detector (Shimadzu Corporation: Kyoto Prefecture)

  The amount of maltitol in the test substance after administration of maltitol and cellulose was measured using column A at a column temperature of 80 ° C. Maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate in the test substance after administration of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate were measured using column B at a column temperature of 50 ° C. As standard substances, maltitol 1 mg / mL, glucose 1 mg / mL, sorbitol 1 mg / mL, and low molecular weight sodium alginate 1 mg / mL dissolved in distilled water were used.

(1-2-5) Determination of cellulose by phenol sulfuric acid method

  Cellulose content cellulose was quantified using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. As a saccharide standard substance, a solution prepared with 1N NaOH of glucose (100 μg / mL) was used.

(1-3) Analysis and statistical processing

The test for the difference in the average value of breath hydrogen gas concentration between indigestible absorptive sweet saccharide alone ingestion and dietary fiber supplementation in humans is the same as that for indigestible absorptive absorptive sweet saccharide I did a paired student's t-test.
Regarding the difference in the average amount of maltitol in the stomach between maltitol alone intake and dietary fiber supplementation in rats, a paired student's t-test for maltitol alone intake was performed after testing for equidispersity.
In the analysis, SPSS ver.11 for Japan (SPSS Inc., Japan) was used, and the significance was less than 5% in all cases.

<2. Experimental results>
Next, the results of the above-described experiment will be described.

(2-1) Results of an experiment on the inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on indigestible and sweet sugar-induced diarrhea in humans

(2-1-1) Relationship between maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharide intake and diarrhea induction

  FIG. 1 is a table showing the relationship between maltitol intake and the presence or absence of diarrhea induction. As shown in FIG. 1, in this experiment, 27 subjects could finally obtain usable data.

  As shown in FIG. 1, no one developed diarrhea after ingesting 15 g of maltitol. 2 out of 27 people (7.4%) who developed maltitol 20g, 2 people (8.0%) at 25g, 2 people (8.7%) at 30g, 7 people at 35g (7%) 33.3%), 4 people (28.6%) at 40 g, and 5 people (50.0%) at 45 g. There were 22 out of 27 people (81.5%) who developed diarrhea after intake of maltitol up to 45g, and 5 out of 27 people (18.5%) did not develop diarrhea.

  FIG. 2 is a table showing the relationship between lactitol intake and the presence or absence of diarrhea induction. As shown in FIG. 2, in this experiment, 25 subjects could finally obtain usable data.

  As shown in FIG. 2, no one developed diarrhea after ingesting 15 g of lactitol. 3 out of 25 people (12.0%) developed diarrhea after taking 20g of lactitol, 3 people (13.6%) at 25g, 2 people (10.5%) at 30g, 10 people at 35g (58 8%), 5 people (71.4%) at 40 g, and 2 people (100.0%) at 45 g. All subjects (25) developed diarrhea with intake of lactitol up to 45 g, and the diarrhea induction rate of lactitol was 100%.

  FIG. 3 is a table showing the relationship between fructooligosaccharide intake and the presence or absence of diarrhea induction. As shown in FIG. 3, in this experiment, 24 subjects could finally obtain usable data.

  As shown in FIG. 3, there was no person who developed diarrhea after ingesting 15 g and 20 g of fructooligosaccharides. One out of 24 people (4.2%) who developed diarrhea after ingesting 25g of fructooligosaccharides, 5 people (21.7%) at 30g, 2 people (11.1%) at 35g, 6 people at 40g ( 37.5%) and 6 people (60.0%) at 45 g. There were 20 out of 24 people (83.3%) who developed diarrhea after ingesting up to 45 g of fructooligosaccharide, and 4 out of 24 people (16.7%) did not develop diarrhea.

(2-1-2) Maximum ineffective dose for transient diarrhea of maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharide

  As shown in FIG. 1, diarrhea occurred in 22 out of 27 subjects (81.5%) with maltitol intake. The maltitol intake of the subject who developed diarrhea was divided by the body weight (kg) of the person, and the intake per kg body weight when diarrhea was induced was calculated. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cumulative incidence of diarrhea plotted in order from this minimum value. As shown in FIG. 4, since the intersection of the regression line of each plot and the x-axis is 0% for diarrhea induction, this corresponds to the allowable value for diarrhea, that is, the maximum no action amount.

A regression line Y between maltitol intake and cumulative diarrhea incidence is expressed by the following equation.
Y = −75.45 + 156.30X (R ² = 0.97, P <0.01)

As apparent from the regression line Y for maltitol shown in FIG. 4, in the case of maltitol intake, the intersection with the x axis, that is, the maximum no-effect amount was 0.48 g / kg body weight. In addition, the intake ED _{50 at} which 50% of the subjects induced diarrhea was 0.80 g / kg body weight.

As shown in FIG. 2, lactitol caused diarrhea in 25 of 25 subjects (100%). About this lactitol, the regression line Y calculated | required by the method similar to maltitol is represented by the following formula | equation.
Y = −87.42 + 194.64X (R ² = 0.91, P <0.01)

As is apparent from the above-described regression line Y for lactitol, in lactitol intake, the maximum no-effect amount is 0.45 g / kg body weight, and the intake ED _{50 at} which 50% of subjects induce diarrhea is 0.70 g / kg. I became weight.

As shown in FIG. 3, 20 out of 24 subjects (83.3%) developed diarrhea. About this fructooligosaccharide, the regression line Y calculated | required by the method similar to maltitol is represented by the following formula | equation.
Y = −75.96 + 142.93X (R ² = 0.98, P <0.01)

As is apparent from the above-mentioned regression line Y for fructooligosaccharides, in the fructooligosaccharide intake, the maximum no-effect amount is 0.53 g / kg body weight, and the intake ED ₅₀ that induces diarrhea in 50% of subjects is 0.88 g. / Kg body weight.

FIG. 5 is a table summarizing the maximum no action amount and ED ₅₀ of the above-mentioned three types of indigestible absorbable sweet saccharides.

(2-1-3) Inhibitory effect of cellulose and low molecular weight sodium alginate on maltitol-induced diarrhea

  In order to confirm the inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on diarrhea induced by maltitol, subjects were allowed to ingest cellulose and low molecular weight sodium alginate simultaneously with maltitol, and the inhibitory effect of diarrhea was observed.

  FIG. 6 is a table showing an inhibitory effect on diarrhea when a subject having diarrhea caused by ingestion of maltitol alone was ingested with a solution in which 5 g of cellulose was added to the minimum amount of maltitol induced diarrhea.

  In FIG. 6, “は” indicates that diarrhea was suppressed (an inhibitory effect was observed) by adding cellulose, and “●” indicates that diarrhea was generated even when cellulose was added (the inhibitory effect was not observed). It shows that). As shown in FIG. 6, thirteen out of 19 people observed an inhibitory effect against diarrhea by simultaneous intake of maltitol and cellulose, which was 68.4% of the total.

  FIG. 7 is a table showing the inhibitory effect on diarrhea when a subject having diarrhea caused by ingestion of maltitol alone was ingested with a solution in which 5 g of low molecular weight sodium alginate was added to the minimum amount of maltitol induced diarrhea. is there.

  In FIG. 7, “◎” indicates that the addition of low molecular weight sodium alginate has suppressed diarrhea (an inhibitory effect was observed), and “●” indicates that diarrhea occurs even when low molecular weight sodium alginate is added. (The suppressive effect was not seen). As shown in FIG. 7, 10 out of 20 people observed an inhibitory effect on diarrhea by simultaneous intake of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate, 50% of the total.

  From the above results, it was confirmed that addition of cellulose or low molecular weight sodium alginate was very effective against maltitol-induced diarrhea.

(2-1-4) Inhibitory effect of guar gum partial degradation products on lactitol and fructooligosaccharide-induced diarrhea

  FIG. 8 is a table showing an inhibitory effect on diarrhea when a subject having diarrhea caused by ingestion of lactitol alone was ingested with a solution in which 5 g of guar gum partial degradation product was added to the minimum amount of inducing diarrhea.

  In FIG. 8, “は” indicates that diarrhea was suppressed (an inhibitory effect was observed) by adding the guar gum partial degradation product, and “●” indicates that diarrhea occurred even when the guar gum partial degradation product was added ( The suppression effect was not seen). As shown in FIG. 8, 9 of 22 people observed an inhibitory effect on diarrhea by simultaneous intake of lactitol and a partial degradation product of guar gum, which was 40.9% of the total.

  FIG. 9 is a table showing an inhibitory effect on diarrhea when a subject having diarrhea caused by ingestion of fructooligosaccharide alone is ingested with a solution in which 5 g of guar gum partial degradation product is added to the minimum amount of fructooligosaccharide inducing diarrhea. .

  In FIG. 9, “◎” indicates that diarrhea was suppressed (an inhibitory effect was observed) by the addition of the guar gum partial decomposition product, and “●” indicates that diarrhea occurred even when the guar gum partial decomposition product was added ( The suppression effect was not seen). As shown in FIG. 9, 6 out of 12 people observed an inhibitory effect on diarrhea by simultaneous intake of fructooligosaccharide and guar gum partial degradation product, which was 50.0% of the total.

  Therefore, the inhibitory effect of guar gum partial degradation products on maltitol-induced diarrhea is not unique to the guar gum partial degradation products, and the maltitol-induced diarrhea inhibitory effect of guar gum partial degradation products is another resistant digestible sweetness. It was revealed that it also exerts an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate-induced diarrhea.

  That is, based on the above results, hyperosmotic diarrhea induced by ingestion of indigestible and absorbable sweet sugars such as maltitol, lactitol, and fructooligosaccharides can be suppressed by simultaneous intake of cellulose or low molecular weight sodium alginate. It has been demonstrated that both water-soluble dietary fiber (low molecular weight sodium alginate) and insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose) have an inhibitory effect on diarrhea caused by indigestible and absorbable sweet sugar.

(2-1-5) Change in exhaled hydrogen gas discharge over time due to intake of each test solution

  The ingestible absorbable sweet saccharide ingested moves to the large intestine and undergoes fermentative degradation by intestinal bacteria. If dietary fiber is added to the indigestible sweet saccharide that is not digested, the amount of sugar reaching the large intestine will increase, and the state of exhaled hydrogen gas emission will change. Therefore, the expiratory hydrogen gas kinetics during maltitol alone intake and dietary fiber added solution was observed over time. This result is shown in FIG. 10 and FIG.

  In the observation of exhaled hydrogen gas emission of subjects who took the minimum diarrhea-inducing amount of maltitol, a tendency of decreasing exhaled hydrogen gas emission after the time of diarrhea was confirmed. Based on this, it was determined that it was necessary for subjects to ingest less than the minimum diarrhea-induced amount of maltitol and to compare the expiratory hydrogen gas emissions. The expiratory kinetics of expiratory hydrogen gas was observed as the maximum amount that does not induce diarrhea, that is, 5 g less than the minimum diarrhea induction amount. Therefore, the comparison of the amount of exhaled hydrogen gas with the intake of the dietary fiber-added solution was performed between the same subjects using only subjects whose diarrhea suppression effect was expressed by the intake of the dietary fiber-added solution. For example, in the case of a subject having diarrhea due to maltitol 40 g, the amount of exhaled hydrogen gas when 35 maltitol alone was ingested and when 5 g of cellulose was added to maltitol 40 g was compared.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, exhaled hydrogen gas in the case where the maltitol single solution was ingested began to be exhausted about 2 hours after ingestion, reached a peak after 6 hours, and then gradually decreased.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, exhaled hydrogen gas discharge when ingesting a solution in which cellulose is added to maltitol shows the same kinetics as ingesting maltitol alone solution, which is slightly more than in ingesting maltitol alone solution. There were many trends.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11, exhaled hydrogen gas emission when ingesting a solution of maltitol added with low molecular weight sodium alginate shows the same kinetics as ingesting maltitol alone solution as in the case of cellulose. It showed a slightly higher tendency than when taking maltitol alone solution.

  For the exhaled hydrogen gas discharge concentration curves of FIGS. 10 and 11, the areas under the curves for 8h (AUC) up to 8 hours after ingestion were compared. Comparing the amount of exhaled hydrogen gas in the combination of maltitol and cellulose, it was 9300 ± 7800 when maltitol alone was ingested, but 11800 ± 3700 when ingested with cellulose, and there was no significant difference. Similarly, when the exhaled hydrogen gas emission amount in the combination of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate was compared, 11600 ± 7700 was obtained when maltitol alone was ingested, and 16800 ± 7700 was obtained when low molecular weight sodium alginate was added. There was no difference.

(2-1-6) Comparison of subjective symptoms after ingestion of various test solutions

  The time until diarrhea was induced by ingestion of each indigestible and absorptive and sweet sugar alone, stool properties, and stool color were compared with those when dietary fiber was added, and no significant difference was found. In addition to the three main symptoms that occur when ingestible absorbable sweet sugar is ingested: “I'm hungry,” “Fart comes out well,” “I'm angry,” “I feel uncomfortable.” Time and level of symptoms until symptoms such as “I had constipation immediately after a small amount of bowel movements”, “I had upper abdominal pain”, “I had lower abdominal pain”, and “Thirsty” Compared with the intake of dietary fiber, no significant difference was observed.

(2-2) Experimental results on delayed effects of dietary fiber on maltitol excretion from the stomach in rats

  It is already known that intake of dietary fiber delays gastric emptying of small molecules such as glucose and sucrose. The inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on indigestible and absorbable sweet saccharide-induced diarrhea is thought to be caused by delaying the transfer of indigestible and absorbable sweet sugar from the stomach to the small intestine. Therefore, the effect of dietary fiber coexistence on maltitol excretion from the stomach was examined using rats. The average recovery rate of maltitol from rat digestive tract contents 0 minutes after administration was 86.1%.

(2-2-1) Effect of cellulose coexistence on maltitol excretion from stomach

  FIG. 12 is a graph showing the amount of residual maltitol in the stomach over time after administration of 2 mL of a 300 mg / mL solution of maltitol and 2 mL of a mixed solution of 300 mg / mL maltitol and 75 mg / mL cellulose. In FIG. 12, a solid line indicates a case where a maltitol single solution is administered, and a broken line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and cellulose is administered.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in the maltitol single solution administration, the residual amount of gastric maltitol 30 minutes after administration was 27.7 ± 8.9%. In contrast, in the administration of the test solution containing cellulose, the residual amount of gastric maltitol 30 minutes after administration was 54.8 ± 7.7%, which was significantly higher than that of the maltitol single solution administration (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual amount of gastric maltitol 60 minutes after administration was 17.1 ± 4.3% when maltitol alone was administered, whereas it was 36.8 ± 6.3% when the test solution was added with cellulose. And significantly higher than the maltitol single solution administration (p <0.05). Further, the gastric maltitol residual amount at 2 hours after administration was 6.1 ± 5.5% in the case of maltitol alone solution administration, whereas 16.2 ± 6.0% in the test solution administration containing cellulose. Thus, the tendency was higher compared to administration of maltitol alone solution.

  FIG. 13 is a graph showing the effect of cellulose over time on the amount of maltitol transferred to the upper and lower parts of the small intestine in rats. In FIG. 13, a solid line indicates a case where a maltitol single solution is administered, and a broken line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and cellulose is administered.

  As shown in FIG. 13, it became clear that the amount of maltitol transferred to the upper and lower parts of the small intestine at 30 and 60 minutes after administration tends to be smaller than that of maltitol alone administration due to the addition of cellulose.

  According to this experiment, from the results shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, it became clear that the transfer of maltitol from the stomach to the small intestine is delayed by the coexistence of cellulose in the maltitol solution.

(2-2-2) Effect of coexistence of low molecular weight sodium alginate on maltitol excretion from stomach

  FIG. 14 is a graph showing the amount of residual maltitol in the stomach over time after administration of 2 mL of a maltitol 300 mg / mL solution and 2 mL of a mixed solution of 300 mg / mL maltitol and 75 mg / mL low molecular weight sodium alginate in rats. It is. In FIG. 14, a solid line indicates a case where a maltitol single solution is administered, and a broken line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and a low molecular weight sodium alginate is administered.

  As shown in FIG. 14, in the administration of maltitol alone solution, the residual amount of gastric maltitol 30 minutes after administration was 30.5 ± 8.5%. In contrast, in the test solution administration with low molecular weight sodium alginate added, the residual amount of gastric maltitol in the 30 minutes after administration was 58.9 ± 12.6%, which was significantly higher than in the administration of maltitol alone solution. (P <0.05). In addition, the residual amount of gastric maltitol 60 minutes after administration was 24.2 ± 9.2% when maltitol alone solution was administered, whereas it was 20.7 ± when test solution containing low molecular weight sodium alginate was added. 11.5%, almost the same value. Furthermore, the amount of residual maltitol in the stomach 2 hours after administration was 4.2 ± 2.9% in the case of maltitol alone solution administration, whereas in the test solution administration with low molecular weight sodium alginate added, it was 9.9 ±. It was 4.8%, almost the same value.

  FIG. 15 is a graph showing the effect of low molecular weight sodium alginate over time on the amount of maltitol transferred to the upper and lower parts of the small intestine in rats. In FIG. 15, a solid line indicates a case where a maltitol single solution is administered, and a broken line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and a low molecular weight sodium alginate is administered.

  As shown in FIG. 15, it was revealed that the amount of maltitol transferred to the upper and lower parts of the small intestine 30 minutes after administration by addition of low molecular weight sodium alginate tended to decrease compared to administration of maltitol alone. .

  According to this experiment, the results shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 revealed that the transition of maltitol from the stomach to the small intestine was delayed by the coexistence of low molecular weight sodium alginate in the maltitol solution. .

(2-2-3) Comparison of the excretion kinetics of cellulose and low molecular weight sodium alginate in the administered test substance from the stomach

  Cellulose excretion kinetics after administration to rats may be different between cellulose, which is insoluble dietary fiber, and low molecular weight sodium alginate, which is water-soluble dietary fiber. For this reason, cellulose and low molecular weight sodium alginate in the stomach contents were quantified, and their excretion kinetics were compared.

  FIG. 16 shows the residual amount of cellulose in the stomach after administration of a mixed solution of maltitol 300 mg / mL and cellulose 75 mg / mL, and the stomach after administration of a mixed solution of maltitol 300 mg / mL and low molecular weight sodium alginate 75 mg / mL. It is the graph which showed the time-dependent change of the inner low molecular weight sodium alginate residual amount. In FIG. 16, a solid line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and cellulose is administered, and a broken line indicates a case where a mixed solution of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate is administered.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the remaining amount of gastric cellulose was 91.5 ± 15.9%, 89.0 ± 19.9%, 87 after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively. 0.7 ± 19.8%. The residual amount of sodium alginate with low molecular weight in the stomach was 71.6 ± 19.5%, 27.3 ± 11.0%, 0 ± 0 after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively. %, The curve showing its excretion kinetics was similar to maltitol administered simultaneously as a mixed solution. From this, when maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate are simultaneously administered as a mixed solution, it is presumed that maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate are excreted almost simultaneously from the stomach.

  From the above results, insoluble dietary fiber cellulose and water-soluble dietary fiber low molecular weight sodium alginate differ in gastric emptying kinetics after administration to rats, and cellulose is compared to low molecular weight sodium alginate. It became clear that it was hard to receive the discharge from the stomach.

<3. Summary>
From the various experimental results described above, in this embodiment, it has been clarified that cellulose and low molecular weight alginic acid have an effect of suppressing diarrhea induced by insoluble digestible sweet sugar. That is, the present inventors focused on the new effects of “cellulose” and “lower molecular weight alginic acid” that have not been known so far. As a result, the intestinal environment-improving composition, the sweetening composition, and these were used. It came to invent the functional food which was. In addition, the present inventor has confirmed that the effect of suppressing diarrhea by cellulose and low molecular weight alginic acid is exerted by delaying the transition of the indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide taken at the same time from the stomach to the small intestine.

  More specifically, the intestinal environment improving composition according to this embodiment is characterized by containing at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose) and low-molecular-weight alginic acid.

  In addition, the sweetening composition according to this embodiment is characterized by containing at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose) and low-molecular-weight alginic acid and an indigestible absorbable sweet sugar.

  Furthermore, the functional food according to the present embodiment is characterized by containing the above-described intestinal environment improving composition or sweetening composition.

  By the way, indigestible absorbable sweet saccharides have a special function beneficial to health, and are therefore used in various health-oriented foods including foods for specified health use. Indigestible and absorbable sweet saccharides contained in each food are basically used within the allowable range, but when these foods are consumed in combination, diarrhea may be induced or the stomach may be exceeded. May scramble.

  However, if the intestinal environment improving composition of the present inventors is added to these foods, diarrhea is less likely to be induced. Therefore, according to the present invention, by adding these intestinal environment improving compositions and the like, food design becomes easy, and consumers can eat foods containing indigestible and absorbable sweet saccharides with peace of mind. Can do. In addition, it becomes possible to develop new foods by utilizing the fact that hyperosmotic diarrhea induced by ingestion of indigestible sweet saccharides is suppressed by cellulose and low molecular weight alginic acid.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It is also possible to add and implement various changes as needed, and they are all contained in the technical scope of this invention.

  Currently, a variety of health-oriented foods have been developed, including specific health foods that use indigestible and sweet sugars such as maltitol, lactitol, xylitol, and fructooligosaccharides. In particular, in recent years, it has been used so frequently that it is difficult to find beverages, confectionery and the like that do not use such a sweetener (indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide).

  The indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide contained in each food is basically designed within the allowable range, but consumers are unaware of adding such indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide. May be consumed in combination with the food. If ingested in such a combination, even if the indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide in each food is within the allowable range, the total intake exceeds the allowable amount, causing diarrhea, etc. There is a case.

  On the other hand, if the intestinal environment improving composition according to the present invention is used, that is, if the intestinal environment improving composition is added to these foods, it is possible to suppress the induction of diarrhea, etc. This makes it easy to design various foods that have been emphasized.

  In addition, by applying the present invention, consumers can safely eat foods containing these indigestible absorbable sweet saccharides, and effectively use them for health maintenance and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. It becomes possible. Furthermore, if it can be expected to promote the maintenance of health and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, it will contribute to the suppression of medical expenses.

It is the table | surface which showed the minimum amount of diarrhea induction by maltitol intake. It is the table | surface which showed the minimum diarrhea induction amount by lactitol intake. It is the table | surface which showed the minimum diarrhea induction amount by fructooligosaccharide intake. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the maltitol intake and the cumulative diarrhea induction rate in humans. Maltitol in humans, lactitol is a table showing the maximum no-effect level and ED ₅₀ for transient diarrhea fructooligosaccharide ingestion. It is the table | surface showing the inhibitory effect with respect to transient diarrhea by adding a cellulose to a maltitol solution. It is the table | surface showing the inhibitory effect with respect to transient diarrhea by adding low molecular weight sodium alginate to a maltitol solution. It is the table | surface showing the inhibitory effect with respect to transient diarrhea by adding a guar gum partial decomposition product to a lactitol solution. It is the table | surface showing the inhibitory effect with respect to transient diarrhea by adding a guar gum partial decomposition product to the fructooligosaccharide solution. It is the graph which showed the exhalation hydrogen gas exhaustion dynamics after ingesting the maltitol single solution and the maltitol and cellulose mixed suspension in humans. It is the graph which showed the exhalation hydrogen gas exhaustion dynamics after ingesting the maltitol single solution and the maltitol and the low molecular weight sodium alginate mixed solution in human. It is the graph which showed the influence which acts on maltitol residual amount in a rat stomach by maltitol and cellulose mixed suspension administration. It is the graph which showed the influence which it has on the transfer amount to the small intestine of gastric maltitol by maltitol and cellulose mixed suspension administration. It is the graph which showed the influence which acts on maltitol residual amount in a rat stomach by maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate mixed solution administration. It is the graph which showed the influence which acts on the transfer amount to the small intestine of gastric maltitol by administration of maltitol and low molecular weight sodium alginate mixed solution. It is the graph which showed the comparison of the rat stomach residual rate after administration of a cellulose suspension and a low molecular weight sodium alginate mixed solution.

Claims (7)

  An intestinal environment-improving composition comprising at least one of water-insoluble dietary fiber and low molecular weight alginic acid.   A sweetening composition comprising an indigestible absorbable sweet sugar and water-insoluble dietary fiber.   The sweetening composition according to claim 2, wherein the water-insoluble dietary fiber is cellulose.   A sweetening composition comprising an indigestible absorbable sweet sugar and a low molecular weight alginic acid.   The sweet taste composition according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the indigestible absorbable sweet saccharide is at least one selected from maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and fructooligosaccharide.   A functional food comprising the intestinal environment improving composition according to claim 1.   A functional food comprising the sweetening composition according to any one of claims 2 to 5.

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