JP2008232473A - Combustion device for solid combustible - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact combustion device capable of efficiently burning solid combustibles of various shapes and moisture contents. <P>SOLUTION: This combustion device comprises a primary combustion chamber 16 disposed at a lower portion of a combustion furnace 12, and an air inflow chamber 18 for main combustion disposed at a lower portion of the primary combustion and partitioned from the primary combustion chamber by a circular first porous plate 20 over the entire cross-sectional face of the combustion furnace, a combustion pan 22 composed of the circular porous plate is disposed at a part of 5-20 mm height of an upper part of the first porous plate in the primary combustion chamber, a combustible receiving tool 24 is disposed roughly in the center of the combustion chamber, and the combustible receiving tool has a vertical member 24a fixed roughly in the center of the first porous plate at its lower end, and an umbrella-shaped member 24b disposed on an upper end of the vertical member for uniformly supplying the solid combustible into the primary combustion chamber. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention generally relates to combustion devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to a combustion apparatus that burns solid combustion products such as pellets and chips.

  A pellet boiler, a pellet burner, and the like are known as devices for burning solid combustion products such as pellets and chips.

  Solid combustion products such as pellets, chips, and charcoal are different in shape and moisture content from liquid fuels, and are therefore difficult to burn efficiently. Therefore, a combustion apparatus that can efficiently burn solid combustion products having different shapes and moisture contents with a small single apparatus (having a calorific value of about 30,000 kcal / h) is desired.

  This invention is developed in view of such a situation, Comprising: It aims at providing the small-sized combustion apparatus which burns the solid combustion thing from which a shape and a moisture content differ efficiently.

  A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product having a cylindrical or regular n-square (n ≧ 6) combustion furnace according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a primary combustion chamber disposed at a lower portion of the combustion furnace, and the primary combustion. A main combustion air inflow chamber that is disposed below the chamber and is separated from the primary combustion chamber by a circular first perforated plate that extends across the entire cross-section of the combustion furnace. A combustion dish formed by a circular perforated plate is disposed at a position of 5 to 20 mm above the one perforated plate, and a combustion material receiver is disposed at substantially the center in the primary combustion chamber. And the combustion product receiver is attached to a vertical member having a lower end fixed substantially at the center of the first perforated plate and an upper end of the vertical member, and uniformly supplies a solid combustion product into the primary combustion chamber. It has the umbrella-shaped member for this.

  A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product according to a second aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the first aspect, wherein the combustion apparatus for the solid combustion product is disposed above the primary combustion chamber and is formed by a circular second perforated plate extending over the entire cross section of the combustion furnace. A secondary combustion chamber that is separated from the primary combustion chamber is further provided, and an opening is provided substantially at the center of the second perforated plate, and a circular or regular n-square (n ≧ 3) cylindrical body is formed by the first porous chamber. It is characterized by being disposed through the opening so as to protrude above and below the two-perforated plate.

  A combustion apparatus for solid combustion product according to claim 3 of the present application is an exhaust chimney in which the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber flows in the apparatus of claim 1 or 2 above the secondary combustion chamber. The exhaust chimney chamber is formed by a cylindrical side wall, a side wall, and a bottom wall, and one or a plurality of heat storage partitions extending horizontally in the exhaust chimney chamber The board is arrange | positioned and the said partition plate is attached to the thing of a donut shape type and a disk shape type alternately, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the solid combustion product and the auxiliary combustion air are supplied into the primary combustion chamber. And further comprising a combustion product supply pipe, the combustion product supply pipe having an angle of 5 ° to 45 ° upward with respect to a plane including the combustion dish and a tip thereof being substantially above the center of the combustion dish. It is arrange | positioned so that it may be located.

  A combustion apparatus for solid combustion product according to claim 5 of the present application is the side surface formed by lowering a vertical line downward from the intersection of the tip and the central axis of the combustion material supply pipe in the apparatus of claim 4. It has a shape.

  A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the main combustion combustion apparatus is provided from an air supply source provided outside the combustion furnace. The nozzle further includes a main combustion air supply pipe that extends into the air inflow chamber and is provided with a nozzle at the tip. The nozzle has a width larger than the root width in a plan view, and a width smaller than the root width in a side view. It is characterized in that it is shaped like a bowl having.

  A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product according to claim 7 of the present application is the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a heat collecting means, wherein the heat collecting means is the entire combustion furnace. A cover that covers the combustion furnace, a blower that blows air to a space between the combustion furnace and the cover, and a protrusion that projects into the space between the combustion furnace and the cover And a heat collecting plate.

  The present invention provides a combustion apparatus having a relatively simple structure and low manufacturing cost. According to the apparatus of the present invention, since the combustion product receiver is disposed in the primary combustion chamber, the solid combustion product can be uniformly supplied into the primary combustion chamber. Further, according to the apparatus of the present invention, since the cylindrical body is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber, efficient combustion and heat storage in the secondary combustion chamber can be achieved. Moreover, according to the apparatus of the present invention, since the partition plate is disposed in the exhaust chimney chamber, efficient heat storage can be performed. In addition, according to the apparatus of the present invention, since the arrangement of the combustion substance supply pipe in the primary combustion chamber is directed upward, the inflow of the flue gas to the combustion substance supply pipe is prevented to achieve efficient combustion, and the combustion By supplying the auxiliary combustion air from the material supply pipe, it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke and simplify the apparatus. In addition, according to the apparatus of the present invention, the tip of the combustion product supply pipe is provided with a tip shape so that the combustion product is supplied uniformly. Further, according to the apparatus of the present invention, since the nozzle is arranged at the tip of the main combustion air supply pipe, it is possible to supply uniform air into the primary combustion chamber and achieve efficient combustion. . Furthermore, according to the apparatus of the present invention, since the heat collecting means is provided, the heat energy generated by the combustion can be collected efficiently.

  Next, a solid combustion product combustion apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall view schematically showing a combustion apparatus for solid combustion products according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention generally indicated by reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1 includes a combustion furnace 12 and a cyclone 15 connected to the combustion furnace 12 via an exhaust duct 14. I have. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion furnace 12, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view seen from the right side of FIG.

  The combustion furnace 12 is formed by a cylindrical container as a whole, and a primary combustion chamber 16 is provided in the lower part of the combustion furnace 12. A main combustion air inflow chamber 18 is provided below the primary combustion chamber 16, and the primary combustion chamber 16 and the main combustion air inflow chamber 18 have a circular shape extending over the entire cross section of the combustion furnace 12. It is delimited by one perforated plate 20.

In the primary combustion chamber 16, as shown in FIG. 4A, a combustion dish 22 is disposed at a height d ₁ above the first perforated plate 20. The combustion dish 22 is formed of a circular porous plate slightly smaller than the first porous plate 20, and is supported above the first porous plate 20 by a combustion dish support 22a. The reason why the gap d ₁ is provided between the combustion dish 22 and the first perforated plate 20 is to facilitate the flow of air supplied from the main combustion air inflow chamber 18 into the primary combustion chamber 16. As a result of various experiments, it was found that d ₁ is preferably 5 mm to 20 mm.

In the center of the primary combustion chamber 16, a combustion product receiver 24 is disposed. The combustion material receiver 24 includes a vertical member 24a whose lower end is fixed to the substantially center of the first perforated plate 20, and an umbrella-like member 24b attached to the upper end of the vertical member 24a. As will be described later, the umbrella-shaped member 24b is for uniformly supplying the solid combustion product into the primary combustion chamber 16 (the solid combustion product supplied from the combustion material supply pipe 40 described later is the umbrella-shaped member. As a result of various experiments, it is found that the height d ₂ between the upper end of the umbrella-shaped member 24b and the combustion dish 22 is preferably 5 mm to 50 mm. It was. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the umbrella-shaped member 24b is illustrated as having an approximately octagonal pyramid shape. However, the umbrella-shaped member 24b has a conical shape or a regular n-pyramidal shape (n ≧ 4). ).

A secondary combustion chamber 26 is provided above the primary combustion chamber 16 of the combustion furnace 12, and the primary combustion chamber 16 and the secondary combustion chamber 26 are circular first over the entire cross section of the combustion furnace 12. It is divided by two perforated plates 28. Preferably, an opening 28a is provided substantially at the center of the second porous plate 28, and a circular or regular n-square (n ≧ 3) cylindrical body 30 is disposed so as to penetrate the opening 28a. As shown in FIG. 5A, the cylindrical body 30 protrudes x ₁ above the second porous plate 28 and x ₂ below. The cylindrical body 30 is projected upward from the second perforated plate 28 because the secondary combustion chamber 26 is made smaller in cross section and the rising speed of the combustion flame is increased, so that the surrounding air is attracted and secondary combustion is performed. This is to promote the temperature of the combustion gas by the radiant heat from the cylindrical body 30. Moreover, the cylindrical body 30 is protruded downward from the second porous plate 28 in order to store heat existing in the primary combustion chamber 16 and increase the temperature of the combustion gas.

  On the side wall of the combustion furnace 12, a spout (not shown) is disposed at a location where the primary combustion chamber 16 and the secondary combustion chamber 26 are located. A door that can be opened and closed is disposed at the shed, and a viewing window is provided on the door so that the inside of the combustion furnace 12 can be monitored during combustion.

  An exhaust chimney chamber 34 is provided above the combustion furnace 12 as shown in FIG. The exhaust chimney chamber 34 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, has a side wall 34a, a top wall 34b, and a bottom wall 34c, and communicates with the cyclone 15 via the exhaust duct 14 connected to the upper part of the side wall 34a. Yes. In the exhaust chimney chamber 34, three partition plates 36a, 36b, 36c extending in the horizontal direction at substantially equal intervals are disposed between the connection portion of the exhaust duct 14 and the bottom wall 34c. The partition plates 36a, 36b, and 36c are divided into two types: a donut-shaped type (36a, 36c) having an opening at the center and a disk-shaped type (36b) having an opening at the periphery, and different types. (Disc-shaped partition plates are fixed to the side wall 34a by a support member, but are not shown for simplification of the drawing). Preferably, the central opening of the donut-shaped partition plate is made larger than the diameter of the exhaust duct 14, and the donut-shaped opening at the periphery of the disk-shaped partition plate is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the exhaust duct 14. It is preferable to do this.

  The partition plates 36a, 36b, and 36c serve to increase the heat storage effect inside the exhaust chimney chamber 34. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the number of partition plates is three, but the number of partition plates is not limited to this, and may be one or any number.

  A heat radiating section 38 is provided between the combustion furnace 12 and the exhaust chimney chamber 34. As shown in FIG. 7, the heat radiating portion 38 is formed by a plurality of (eight in FIG. 7) pipes arranged to communicate between the secondary combustion chamber 26 and the exhaust chimney chamber 34 of the combustion furnace 12. It is configured. The heat radiating portion 38 serves to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing from the secondary combustion chamber 26 to the exhaust chimney chamber 34.

  The combustion apparatus 10 for solid combustion products is also provided with a combustion product supply pipe 40 that supplies the combustion products into the primary combustion chamber 16. As shown in FIG. 8, the combustion product supply pipe 40 has an angle α (= 5 ° to 45 °) with the central axis facing upward with respect to the plane including the combustion dish 22, and the tip 40 a has the combustion dish 22. It is arrange | positioned so that it may be located in the approximate center above. The combustion substance supply pipe 40 is connected to a solid combustion substance storage tank (not shown) in which solid combustion substances are stored. Further, a branch pipe 40b for supplying auxiliary combustion air is joined to the combustion substance supply pipe 40 outside the combustion furnace 12 (see FIG. 3), and from the tip 40a of the combustion substance supply pipe 40, Auxiliary combustion air is supplied together with the solid combustion product. By disposing the combustion product supply pipe 40 upward at an angle α, it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke into the combustion product supply pipe 40 as much as possible. Further, by supplying auxiliary combustion air from the combustion product supply pipe 40, it is possible to prevent the inflow of smoke into the combustion product supply pipe 40 and to eliminate the need to install auxiliary combustion air piping. The structure becomes simple.

  Preferably, the combustion substance supply pipe 40 has a side shape formed by lowering a vertical line downward from an intersection m between the tip 40a and the central axis, as shown in FIG. 8 (a). In other words, the lower half portion of the tip 40a of the combustion substance supply pipe 40 is cut away as shown in FIG. By forming the tip 40a of the combustion product supply pipe 40 in this way, the combustion product can be supplied uniformly into the primary combustion chamber 16.

The combustion apparatus for solid combustion product 10 also includes a main combustion air supply pipe 42 that supplies main combustion air to the main combustion air inflow chamber 18. 2 and 3, the main combustion air supply pipe 42 extends from the air supply source (not shown) provided outside the combustion furnace 12 into the main combustion air inflow chamber 18. A nozzle 44 is provided at the tip. The nozzle 44 has a width w ₁ larger than the root width w ₀ in plan view (see FIG. 9A), and has a width w ₂ smaller than the root width w _{0 in} side view (FIG. 9B). (Refer to FIG. 1) It is shaped like a bowl so that the primary combustion air can be uniformly supplied to the primary combustion chamber 16. Preferably, it is preferable to provide a dividing plate 44 a inside the nozzle 44 so that the main combustion air is ejected from the tip of the nozzle 44 more vigorously. In FIG. 9A, the number of installed split plates 44a is two, but the number of installed plates may be one or three or more.

  Preferably, the combustion apparatus for solid combustion product 10 further includes a heat collecting means 46. As shown in FIG. 10A, the heat collecting means 46 is disposed above the combustion furnace 12 and the cover 46a that covers the entire combustion furnace 12, and blows air to the space between the combustion furnace 12 and the cover 46a. It has the air blower 46b and the heat collecting plate 46c arrange | positioned so that it may protrude in the space between the combustion furnace 12 and the cover 46a. Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the heat collecting plate 46c is disposed adjacent to the heat radiating portion 38 so as to perform efficient heat collection. It is formed into a shape.

  The operation of the solid combustion product combustion apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described. First, the main combustion air is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 16 through the main combustion air inflow chamber 18 through the main combustion air supply pipe 42, and the solid combustion product and auxiliary combustion are supplied through the combustion product supply pipe 40. Air is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 16 to burn the solid combustion products. At this time, since the combustion product receiver 24 is disposed in the primary combustion chamber 16, the solid combustion product can be uniformly supplied into the primary combustion chamber 16. Further, since the nozzle 44 is arranged at the tip of the main combustion air supply pipe 42, air can be supplied uniformly into the primary combustion chamber 16. Further, since the arrangement of the combustion product supply pipe 40 is directed upward, the inflow of flue gas into the combustion product supply pipe 40 is prevented and combustion is efficiently performed, and auxiliary combustion air is supplied from the combustion product supply pipe 40. This makes it possible to prevent the inflow of smoke and simplify the device. Furthermore, by forming the lower half of the tip 40a of the combustion product supply pipe 40 into a shape that is cut off, the solid combustion product can be supplied uniformly.

  After combustion in the primary combustion chamber 16, combustion is further performed in the secondary combustion chamber 26. At this time, since the cylindrical body 30 is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber 26, efficient combustion and heat storage in the secondary combustion chamber 26 can be achieved. After combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 26, the exhaust gas flows into the exhaust chimney chamber 34 via the heat radiating portion 38, but the partition plates 36 a to 36 c are disposed in the exhaust chimney chamber 34, so the exhaust gas The heat is accumulated. The exhaust gas is collected by the cyclone 15 through the exhaust duct 14 and then discharged from the exhaust cylinder 15a (see FIG. 1). In addition, since the heat collecting means 46 is provided, the heat energy generated by the combustion is collected and used effectively through the heat transmission duct 48.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say, it is something.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the combustion furnace 12 is described as having a cylindrical shape, but the combustion furnace 12 may have a regular n-gonal shape (n ≧ 6).

1 is an overall view schematically showing a combustion apparatus for solid combustion products according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the cross section of the combustion furnace among the combustion apparatuses for solid combustion substances of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2. FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a combustor receptacle in the primary combustion chamber, and FIG. 4B is a plan view seen along line 4b-4b in FIG. 4A. FIG. 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the cylindrical body of the secondary combustion chamber, and FIG. 5B is a plan view seen along line 5b-5b in FIG. 5A. FIG. 6A is an enlarged sectional view showing the exhaust chimney chamber, and FIG. 6B is a schematic view showing a partition plate provided in the exhaust chimney chamber. FIG. 7A is an enlarged front view showing the heat radiating portion, and FIG. 7B is a plan view seen along line 7b-7b in FIG. 7A. FIG. 8A is a view showing a state in which the combustion product supply pipe is disposed in the primary combustion chamber, and FIG. 8B is a perspective view showing the tip of the combustion product supply pipe. FIG. 9A is a plan view of a nozzle attached to the tip of the main combustion air supply pipe, and FIG. 9B is a side view of the nozzle of FIG. 9A. FIG. 10A is a diagram schematically showing the heat collecting means, and FIG. 10B is a perspective view showing heat collecting provided in the heat collecting means.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Solid combustion product combustion apparatus 12 Combustion furnace 14 Exhaust duct 15 Cyclone 16 Primary combustion chamber 18 Main combustion air inflow chamber 20 First perforated plate 22 Combustion dish 24 Combustion receptacle 26 Secondary combustion chamber 28 Second perforated plate 30 Cylindrical body 34 Exhaust chimney chambers 36a, 36b, 36c Partition plate 38 Heat radiation part 40 Combustion supply pipe 42 Main combustion air supply pipe 44 Nozzle 46 Heat collecting means 48 Heat transfer duct

Claims (7)

A combustion apparatus for a solid combustion product having a cylindrical or regular n-square (n ≧ 6) combustion furnace,
A primary combustion chamber disposed at a lower portion of the combustion furnace;
A main combustion air inflow chamber disposed below the primary combustion chamber and separated from the primary combustion chamber by a circular first perforated plate extending across the entire cross section of the combustion furnace;
In the primary combustion chamber, a combustion dish formed of a circular perforated plate is disposed at a location having a height of 5 mm to 20 mm above the first perforated plate,
A combustion product receiver is disposed substantially at the center of the primary combustion chamber, and the combustion product receiver includes a vertical member having a lower end fixed to a substantially center of the first perforated plate, and the vertical member. An apparatus having an umbrella-like member attached to an upper end and configured to uniformly supply a solid combustion product into the primary combustion chamber. A secondary combustion chamber disposed above the primary combustion chamber and separated from the primary combustion chamber by a circular second perforated plate extending across the entire cross-section of the combustion furnace;
An opening is provided at substantially the center of the second porous plate, and a circular or regular n-square (n ≧ 3) cylindrical body penetrates the opening so as to protrude above and below the second porous plate. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is arranged as follows. An exhaust chimney chamber disposed above the secondary combustion chamber and into which exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber flows;
The exhaust chimney chamber is formed by a cylindrical side wall, a side wall, and a bottom wall, and one or a plurality of heat storage partition plates extending in the horizontal direction are arranged inside the exhaust chimney chamber. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate is alternately mounted in a donut-shaped type and a disk-shaped type. And further comprising a combustion product supply pipe for supplying solid combustion product and auxiliary combustion air into the primary combustion chamber, the combustion product supply pipe having an angle of 5 ° to a central axis upward with respect to a plane including the combustion dish The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the apparatus is arranged so as to form 45 ° and a tip thereof is positioned substantially above the center of the combustion dish. 5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said combustion product supply pipe has a side shape formed by lowering a vertical line downward from an intersection of its tip and central axis. An air supply source provided outside the combustion furnace extends into the main combustion air inflow chamber, a nozzle is provided at the tip, and further includes a main combustion air supply pipe. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is formed in a bowl shape having a larger width than the base width in a side view. The apparatus further comprises a heat collecting means, the heat collecting means being disposed above the combustion furnace, a blower disposed above the combustion furnace and blowing into a space between the combustion furnace and the cover, and the combustion The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat collecting plate disposed so as to protrude into a space between the furnace and the cover.

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