JP2008228629A - Differentiation inducing method for epithelial stem cell - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、安全性が高く、かつ、簡易な上皮幹細胞の分化誘導方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a highly safe and simple method for inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells.
近年、培養表皮や培養真皮などの培養上皮組織を再生医療に用いる研究開発が盛んに行われており、既にこれらが医薬品として供給されている国もある。培養上皮組織を得るための上皮幹細胞の培養方法は数多く存在するが、表皮幹細胞の培養方法を例に挙げると、代表的な方法としてＲｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法（非特許文献１）とＢｏｙｃｅ＆Ｈａｍ法（非特許文献２）がよく知られている。
Ｒｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法の特徴は、表皮幹細胞のみの選択的培養を行うために、マウスの間葉系線維芽細胞（３Ｔ３）を支持体（ｆｅｅｄｅｒ ｌａｙｅｒ）として用いる点にある。また、この方法によれば、表皮幹細胞が分化することで、機能的にほぼ完全な表皮シート（細胞シート）を得ることができる。
一方、Ｂｏｙｃｅ＆Ｈａｍ法の特徴は、無血清培地を用いる点にある。しかしながら、この方法では表皮幹細胞は分化しないので、表皮シートを得るためには、ウシ由来の血清成分を添加するなどして表皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行う必要がある。
The Rheinwald & Green method is characterized in that mouse mesenchymal fibroblasts (3T3) are used as a feeder layer for selective culture of epidermal stem cells only. Further, according to this method, an epidermal stem cell (cell sheet) that is functionally almost complete can be obtained by differentiation of epidermal stem cells.
On the other hand, the feature of the Boyce & Ham method is that a serum-free medium is used. However, since epidermal stem cells do not differentiate in this method, in order to obtain an epidermal sheet, it is necessary to induce differentiation of epidermal stem cells by adding a serum component derived from bovine.
上記の通り、Ｒｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法とＢｏｙｃｅ＆Ｈａｍ法のいずれの方法を用いた場合でも、人体から採取した表皮幹細胞から表皮シートを得るためには、動物成分が必要となる。安全性の高い表皮シートを安定に供給するためには、動物成分を不要とし、完全アニマルフリー化を図ることが望ましい。Ｂｏｙｃｅ＆Ｈａｍ法の変法として、動物成分を用いることなく表皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うことができれば、この目的を達成することができるが、未だそのような方法についての報告はない。
そこで本発明は、高い安全性のもとに簡易に表皮幹細胞をはじめとする上皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うための方法を提供することを目的とする。
As described above, in order to obtain an epidermis sheet from epidermal stem cells collected from a human body, an animal component is required regardless of whether the Rheinwald & Green method or the Boyce & Ham method is used. In order to stably supply a highly safe skin sheet, it is desirable to eliminate animal components and make it completely animal-free. As a modification of the Boyce & Ham method, if differentiation induction of epidermal stem cells can be performed without using animal components, this purpose can be achieved, but there is no report on such a method yet.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells including epidermal stem cells with high safety.
本発明者は上記の点に鑑みて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、多血小板血漿（ＰＲＰ：Ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ Ｒｉｃｈ Ｐｌａｓｍａ：血小板を多く含む血漿）を添加した無血清培地中で表皮幹細胞を培養することで、表皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うことができることを知見した。 As a result of intensive studies in view of the above points, the present inventor has cultivated epidermal stem cells in a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma (PRP: Platelet Rich Plasma). It was found that stem cell differentiation can be induced.
上記の知見に基づいてなされた本発明の上皮幹細胞の分化誘導方法は、請求項１記載の通り、多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地中で上皮幹細胞を培養することを特徴とする。
また、請求項２記載の分化誘導方法は、請求項１記載の分化誘導方法において、上皮幹細胞が表皮幹細胞であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項３記載の分化誘導方法は、請求項１または２記載の分化誘導方法において、培養容器での初代培養時の培地として多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地を用いることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の表皮シートの作製方法は、請求項４記載の通り、多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地中で表皮幹細胞を培養することを特徴とする。
また、本発明の初代培養時における培養容器への上皮幹細胞の接着性付与方法は、請求項５記載の通り、多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地を用いることを特徴とする。
The method for inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells of the present invention based on the above findings is characterized in that epithelial stem cells are cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma as described in claim 1.
The differentiation induction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the differentiation induction method according to claim 1, the epithelial stem cells are epidermal stem cells.
The differentiation inducing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the differentiation inducing method according to claim 1 or 2, a serum-free medium to which platelet-rich plasma is added is used as a medium at the time of primary culture in a culture vessel. .
The method for producing an epidermal sheet of the present invention is characterized in that epidermal stem cells are cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma as described in claim 4.
The method for imparting adhesion of epithelial stem cells to a culture vessel during primary culture of the present invention is characterized in that a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma is used as described in claim 5.
本発明によれば、高い安全性のもとに簡易に表皮幹細胞をはじめとする上皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うための方法を提供することができる。従って、この方法によって表皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うことで、動物成分を用いることなく熱傷などの治療に有用な表皮シートを得ることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for easily inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells including epidermal stem cells with high safety. Therefore, by inducing differentiation of epidermal stem cells by this method, it is possible to obtain an epidermal sheet useful for treatment of burns and the like without using animal components.
本発明の上皮幹細胞の分化誘導方法は、多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地中で上皮幹細胞を培養することを特徴とするものである。本発明において分化誘導の対象とすることができる上皮幹細胞の代表例としては表皮幹細胞を挙げることができる。しかしながら、本発明においては、胃粘膜上皮幹細胞、気管上皮幹細胞、毛根から採取した幹細胞といったあらゆる上皮幹細胞をその対象とすることができる。本発明において用いる多血小板血漿は、遠心分離操作などの自体公知の操作によって血液中の血小板を濃縮したものであればどのようなものであってもよい。多血小板血漿は、培養対象となる上皮幹細胞に対して自家のものが望ましいが、対象者の血族両親や兄弟などの同種のものであってもよい。無血清培地への多血小板血漿の添加量は０．１〜５％とすることが望ましい。添加量は少なすぎると効果が現れにくい一方、必要以上に添加しても効果の向上は望めない。 The epithelial stem cell differentiation-inducing method of the present invention is characterized in that epithelial stem cells are cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma. In the present invention, epidermal stem cells can be mentioned as representative examples of epithelial stem cells that can be targeted for differentiation induction. However, in the present invention, all epithelial stem cells such as gastric mucosal epithelial stem cells, tracheal epithelial stem cells, stem cells collected from hair roots can be targeted. The platelet-rich plasma used in the present invention may be anything as long as platelets in blood are concentrated by a known operation such as a centrifugal separation operation. The platelet-rich plasma is preferably autologous to the epithelial stem cells to be cultured, but may be of the same type as the subject's blood parents or siblings. The amount of platelet-rich plasma added to the serum-free medium is preferably 0.1 to 5%. If the addition amount is too small, the effect is difficult to appear, but even if it is added more than necessary, the effect cannot be expected.
無血清培地への多血小板血漿の添加は、上皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行う際（即ち上皮幹細胞が表皮幹細胞の場合には表皮シートを形成させる際）に用いる無血清培地に対して行いさえすれば、初代培養開始当初からその時点に至るまでの継代培養に用いる無血清培地には添加する必要は必ずしもない（添加しないことで対象者などからの採血量の削減を図ることができる）。しかしながら、多血小板血漿には、上皮幹細胞に対する分化誘導作用があることに加え、初代培養時における培養容器への上皮幹細胞の接着性付与作用があることを本発明者は見出している。従って、培養容器での初代培養時の培地として多血小板血漿を添加した無血清培地を用いることで、動物由来の接着因子などで表面処理した培養容器を用いることなく、安全かつ低コストに初代培養を行うことができる。 Addition of platelet-rich plasma to the serum-free medium is only necessary for the serum-free medium used when inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells (that is, when forming epidermal sheets when epithelial stem cells are epidermal stem cells). In addition, it is not always necessary to add to the serum-free medium used for subculture from the beginning of the primary culture to the point in time (the amount of blood collected from the subject can be reduced by not adding it). However, the present inventor has found that platelet-rich plasma has an action of imparting adhesion of epithelial stem cells to a culture vessel at the time of primary culture, in addition to the action of inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells. Therefore, by using a serum-free medium supplemented with platelet-rich plasma as a medium for primary culture in a culture container, primary culture can be performed safely and at low cost without using a culture container that has been surface-treated with an animal-derived adhesion factor. It can be performed.
なお、本発明において多血小板血漿を添加する無血清培地は、上皮幹細胞を培養することができる無血清培地であればどのようなものであってもよく、例えば、血清を含まず、アミノ酸類、ビタミン類、無機塩類、糖類などを含むものが挙げられる（具体的にはイーグルＭＥＭ培地やダルベッコ変法イーグル培地などが例示される）。無血清培地には、ハイドロコーチゾン、インシュリン（ヒト型組換え体が望ましい）、上皮細胞増殖因子（ヒト型組換え体が望ましい）、トランスフィリン（ヒト由来が望ましい）などを添加してもよい。また、上皮幹細胞の初代培養から継代培養を経て分化誘導を行うまでの一連の培養方法は、上皮幹細胞の培養方法として知られている一般的な方法（例えば培養条件として５〜１０％ＣＯ２、３７℃、１００％湿度）を採用すればよい。 In the present invention, the serum-free medium to which platelet-rich plasma is added may be any serum-free medium capable of culturing epithelial stem cells, for example, without serum, amino acids, Examples include vitamins, inorganic salts, saccharides and the like (specifically, Eagle MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, etc.). To the serum-free medium, hydrocortisone, insulin (preferably human type recombinant), epidermal growth factor (preferably human type recombinant), transferphilin (preferably derived from human), etc. may be added. In addition, a series of culture methods from primary culture of epithelial stem cells to differentiation induction through subculture is a general method known as a culture method of epithelial stem cells (for example, 5 to 10% CO 2 as culture conditions). 37 ° C., 100% humidity).
以下、本発明を、実施例によって詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の記載に限定して解釈されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is limited to the following description and is not interpreted.
実施例１：表皮幹細胞の培養と分化誘導による表皮シートの作製（その１）
（１）採皮とその処理
上腕部をポビドンヨード液（イソジン消毒液）で消毒した後、１平方センチメートル程度の全層皮膚を採皮した（局所麻酔下での標準的な手技による）。採取皮膚を生理食塩液で２回リンスし、８０％エタノール溶液に１分間浸漬した後、生理食塩液でさらに２回リンスした。こうして得られた皮膚を３００μｇ／ｍＬゲンタシン含有生理食塩液中で３０分間３７℃で保存した。
次に以下の操作をクリーンベンチ内で行った。上記の除菌済みの皮膚を剪刀を用いて約１〜２ｍｍ角に細切し、等張性リン酸緩衝液（ＰＢＳ）で一度洗浄後、ポビドンヨード液に２分間浸漬した。その後、細切皮膚をポビドンヨード液から取り出してＰＢＳで３〜４回洗浄し、３０ｍＬ程度の０．２５％トリプシン含有ＰＢＳ中にこの除菌済みの細切皮膚を浮遊させ、４℃で１８時間保存した。
上記の酵素消化された皮膚を３０ｍＬ程度の２％自家多血小板血漿（抗凝固薬としてクエン酸ナトリウムを添加した全血を９００×Ｇで遠心分離することで調製）含有ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地（ＤＭＥ培地）に移し、遊離細胞を得るために室温で約１時間撹拌し、Ｃｅｌｌ ｓｔｒａｉｎｅｒ（７０μｍ，ＢＤ Ｆａｌｃｏｎ）を用いて皮膚残渣を瀘去した。こうして得られた遊離細胞浮遊液を１２００回転、５分間、４℃で遠心分離し、上清を廃棄して表皮幹細胞の沈渣を得た。
Example 1: Production of epidermal sheet by culturing epidermal stem cells and induction of differentiation (part 1)
(1) Skin removal and treatment After disinfecting the upper arm with povidone iodine solution (isodine disinfectant), full-thickness skin of about 1 square centimeter was peeled (by a standard procedure under local anesthesia). The collected skin was rinsed twice with physiological saline, immersed in an 80% ethanol solution for 1 minute, and then further rinsed twice with physiological saline. The skin thus obtained was stored at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes in a physiological saline containing 300 μg / mL gentacin.
Next, the following operation was performed in a clean bench. The sterilized skin was cut into approximately 1 to 2 mm squares using a scissors, washed once with isotonic phosphate buffer (PBS), and then immersed in povidone iodine solution for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the minced skin is removed from the povidone iodine solution and washed 3 to 4 times with PBS. The sterilized minced skin is suspended in about 30 mL of PBS containing about 0.25% trypsin and stored at 4 ° C. for 18 hours. did.
Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DME) containing about 30 mL of 2% autologous platelet-rich plasma (prepared by centrifuging whole blood supplemented with sodium citrate as an anticoagulant at 900 × G). In order to obtain free cells, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 1 hour, and the skin residue was removed using Cell strainer (70 μm, BD Falcon). The free cell suspension thus obtained was centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was discarded to obtain a sediment of epidermal stem cells.
（２）表皮幹細胞の初代培養
（１）で得られた表皮幹細胞の沈渣を２％自家多血小板血漿含有ＤＭＥ培地に懸濁し、３×１０４ｃｅｌｌ／ｃｍ２程度の細胞密度でディッシュに播種し、１０％ＣＯ２、３７℃、１００％湿度下で初代培養を行った。図１（ａ）に培養開始から７２時間経過後のディッシュ内の様子を、（ｂ）にＲｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法に従って初代培養を開始してから７２時間経過後のディッシュ内の様子を示す（ＲｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅＢ染色による）。図１から明らかなように、２％自家多血小板血漿含有ＤＭＥ培地を用いることで、播種した表皮幹細胞はコロニーを作りながらディッシュの底面に接着して効率よく増殖し、Ｒｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法よりも優れた初代培養時の細胞接着性が得られた。次に、初代培養開始から３日以内に、ＥｐｉＬｉｆｅ（倉敷紡績製の無血清培地の商品名）に、ハイドロコーチゾン０．５μｇ／ｍＬ、ヒト型組換えインシュリン１０μｇ／ｍＬ、ヒト型組換え上皮細胞増殖因子０．１ｎｇ／ｍＬ、ヒト由来トランスフィリン５μｇ／ｍＬを添加した培地（以下「培地Ａ」と略称する）に培地交換を行い、以後、２日に１度の割合で同じ培地交換を行って表皮幹細胞を培養した。
(2) Primary culture of epidermal stem cells The sediment of epidermal stem cells obtained in (1) is suspended in DME medium containing 2% autologous platelet-rich plasma and seeded in a dish at a cell density of about 3 × 10 4 cells / cm 2. Primary culture was performed under 10% CO 2 , 37 ° C. and 100% humidity. FIG. 1 (a) shows the state in the dish after 72 hours from the start of the culture, and FIG. 1 (b) shows the state in the dish after 72 hours from the start of the primary culture according to the Rheinwald & Green method (by Rhodamine B staining). . As can be seen from FIG. 1, by using a DME medium containing 2% autologous platelet-rich plasma, the seeded epidermal stem cells adhere to the bottom of the dish while forming a colony, and efficiently proliferate, which is superior to the Rheinwald & Green method. Cell adhesion during culture was obtained. Next, within 3 days from the start of the primary culture, EpiLife (trade name of a serum-free medium manufactured by Kurashiki Boseki), hydrocortisone 0.5 μg / mL, human recombinant insulin 10 μg / mL, human recombinant epithelial cells The medium was changed to a medium (hereinafter abbreviated as “medium A”) supplemented with 0.1 ng / mL growth factor and 5 μg / mL human-derived transferrin. Thereafter, the same medium was changed once every two days. Epidermal stem cells were cultured.
（３）表皮幹細胞の継代培養
初代培養開始から６〜７日目に継代操作を次のようにして行った。ディッシュ内の培養表皮幹細胞を０．０２％ＥＤＴＡ−２Ｎａ含有ＰＢＳで３回洗浄した後、ディッシュ内に０．０３％トリプシンおよび０．０２％ＥＤＴＡ−２Ｎａ含有ＰＢＳを添加し、３７℃で約５分間静置して細胞を剥離させた。その後、愛護的にピペッティングを行い、１ｍＬ程度の自家血清中に得られた遊離細胞を移して遠心分離を行った。得られた表皮幹細胞の沈渣を培地Ａを用いて細胞密度を２５００ｃｅｌｌ／ｃｍ２以上に調整した後、ディッシュに継代した。１日後に培地Ａに培地交換を行い、以後、２日に１度の割合で同じ培地交換を行って表皮幹細胞がコンフルエントになるまで培養した。
(3) Passage culture of epidermal stem cells Passage operation was performed as follows on the 6th to 7th days from the start of the primary culture. After washing the cultured epidermal stem cells in the dish three times with PBS containing 0.02% EDTA-2Na, PBS containing 0.03% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA-2Na was added to the dish, and about 5 at 37 ° C. The cells were detached by standing for a minute. Thereafter, pipetting was carried out in a friendly manner, and the free cells obtained in about 1 mL of autologous serum were transferred and centrifuged. The resulting epidermal stem cell sediment was adjusted to a cell density of 2500 cell / cm 2 or more using medium A and then subcultured to a dish. One day later, the medium A was changed to medium A, and thereafter the same medium was changed once every two days until the epidermal stem cells became confluent.
（４）表皮幹細胞の分化誘導（表皮シートの作製）
表皮幹細胞がコンフルエントになったことを確認した後、２％自家多血小板血漿含有ＤＭＥ培地に培地交換を行い、３日間以上、表皮幹細胞を培養した。その結果、表皮幹細胞が分化することで重層化が進み、表面が水泡状となった強くて腰のある表皮シートが形成された。なお、２％自家多血小板血漿含有ＤＭＥ培地に培地交換を行うことなく、培地Ａを用いて引き続き表皮幹細胞を培養しても、表皮幹細胞は分化せず、表皮シートは形成されなかった。図２（ａ）に以上のようにして分化誘導を行った後のディッシュ内の様子を、（ｂ）にＲｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法に従って培養した後のディッシュ内の様子を示す（ＲｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅＢ染色による）。また、図３（ａ）に以上のようにして分化誘導を行った後の細胞の位相差顕微鏡写真を、（ｂ）にＲｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法に従って培養した後の細胞の位相差顕微鏡写真を、（ｃ）に培地Ａを用いて引き続き培養した後の細胞の位相差顕微鏡写真を示す。
(4) Induction of epidermal stem cell differentiation (production of epidermal sheet)
After confirming that the epidermal stem cells became confluent, the medium was changed to a DME medium containing 2% autologous platelet-rich plasma, and the epidermal stem cells were cultured for 3 days or more. As a result, the epithelial stem cells differentiated and the stratification progressed, and a strong and lumpy epidermis sheet having a blistered surface was formed. Even if the epidermal stem cells were continuously cultured using the medium A without changing the medium to the DME medium containing 2% autologous platelet-rich plasma, the epidermal stem cells were not differentiated and no epidermal sheet was formed. FIG. 2 (a) shows the state in the dish after differentiation induction as described above, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the state in the dish after culturing according to the Rheinwald & Green method (by Rhodamine B staining). 3 (a) shows a phase contrast micrograph of the cells after differentiation induction as described above, and FIG. 3 (b) shows a phase contrast micrograph of the cells after culturing according to the Rheinwald & Green method. Shows a phase-contrast micrograph of the cells after subsequent culturing with medium A.
参考例１：表皮シートを用いた移植
移植当日、１０ｍＬ程度の４００Ｕ／ｍＬディスパーゼ含有ＤＭＥ培地に培地交換を行い、３７℃で３０〜６０分間静置し、得られた表皮シートがディッシュの底面辺縁から十分に剥離することを確認した後（鑷子でつまむことで容易に確認できる）、トレックスガーゼをキャリアとして表皮シートをディッシュから剥離し、ＰＢＳで数回洗浄後、熱傷創面に移植した。
Reference Example 1: Transplantation using a skin sheet On the day of transplantation, the medium was replaced with about 10 mL of 400 U / mL dispase-containing DME medium and left at 37 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes. After confirming sufficient peeling from the edge (which can be easily confirmed by pinching with an insulator), the epidermal sheet was peeled from the dish using trex gauze as a carrier, washed several times with PBS, and then transplanted to the burn wound surface.
実施例２：表皮幹細胞の培養と分化誘導による表皮シートの作製（その２）
自家多血小板血漿のかわりに同種多血小板血漿（兄弟のもの）を用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様にして表皮幹細胞の培養と分化誘導を行って表皮シートを得た。図４に初代培養時における同種多血小板血漿の無血清培地への添加量と培養効率との関係を示す（従来法はＲｈｅｉｎｗａｌｄ＆Ｇｒｅｅｎ法を意味する）。図４から明らかなように、自家多血小板血漿のかわりに同種多血小板血漿を無血清培地に添加して初代培養を行った場合でも、優れた効率で表皮幹細胞を培養できることがわかった。
Example 2: Production of epidermal sheet by culturing epidermal stem cells and inducing differentiation (part 2)
An epidermal sheet was obtained by culturing and inducing differentiation of epidermal stem cells in the same manner as in Example 1 except that allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (siblings) was used instead of autologous platelet-rich plasma. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the amount of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma added to the serum-free medium and the culture efficiency during the primary culture (the conventional method means the Rheinwald & Green method). As apparent from FIG. 4, it was found that even when primary culture was performed by adding allogeneic platelet-rich plasma to serum-free medium instead of autologous platelet-rich plasma, epidermal stem cells could be cultured with excellent efficiency.
実施例３：胃粘膜上皮幹細胞の培養と分化誘導
表皮幹細胞のかわりに胃粘膜上皮幹細胞を対象としたこと以外は実施例１と同様の操作を行うことで、胃粘膜上皮幹細胞の培養と分化誘導を行うことができた。
Example 3: Gastric mucosal epithelial stem cell culture and differentiation induction By performing the same operations as in Example 1 except that gastric mucosal epithelial stem cells were used instead of epidermal stem cells, gastric mucosal epithelial stem cell culture and differentiation induction Was able to do.
本発明は、高い安全性のもとに簡易に表皮幹細胞をはじめとする上皮幹細胞の分化誘導を行うための方法を提供することができる点において産業上の利用可能性を有する。 The present invention has industrial applicability in that it can provide a method for easily inducing differentiation of epithelial stem cells including epidermal stem cells with high safety.
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