JP2008228400A - Power supply device for electric apparatus and compact ship - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply device for an electric apparatus which can use an air conditioner requiring large power in a relatively compact ship, and the compact ship. <P>SOLUTION: The power supply device for the compact ship includes ship propulsion engines 11A, 11B for the small-sized ship with alternators 12A, 12B, and is constituted in such a manner that main batteries 13A, 13B are charged with DC generated currents output from the alternators 12A, 12B, and also a sub-battery 16 is charged with the DC generated currents through battery sub-chargers 14A, 14B, 15A and 15B. A DC current output from the sub-battery 16 is converted to an AC current by a DC current inverter 17, and fed to the air conditioner 18 provided to the compact ship. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply device for an electrical device and a small boat that can use an electrical device having a large power load such as an air conditioner that requires a large amount of power in a relatively small boat.

  The large leisure boat is equipped with a marine generator and supplies power from the generator to the electrical equipment, or the marine generator is charged into the sub-battery, and the sub-battery is connected to the air conditioner, refrigerator, It is supplied to electrical equipment such as a microwave oven (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  On the other hand, in a small and medium-sized leisure boat, there is a problem that there is no installation space or a high cost when attempting to mount a marine generator. Therefore, in small and medium-sized leisure boats, power is supplied to the sub-battery from the alternator installed in the marine vessel propulsion engine without using the marine generator, and electricity is supplied from the sub-battery to the electrical equipment via the inverter. The system is adopted.

And since the said inverter has a protection circuit normally, when an electric load becomes large momentarily and exceeds inverter output capacity, an output is stopped so that an inverter may not break down.
Special table 2003-523862 JP 2006-291927 A

  However, the power supply system used in small and medium-sized leisure boats cannot be applied to an air conditioner that requires a large amount of power.

  In addition, when the battery is overdischarged, the input voltage of the inverter instantaneously drops to, for example, 8.5 volts or less when the electrical load increases momentarily. In that case, the operating voltage (8.5 volts as an example) of the control circuit (microcomputer) cannot be secured, and control becomes impossible, and if the overcurrent flows through the inverter circuit, the inverter circuit may break down. This will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 shows changes in the voltage input from the sub battery to the inverter. The input voltage of the inverter has a characteristic that it temporarily decreases greatly immediately after the start of use of an electric device (for example, an air conditioner). The operating voltage of the inverter protection circuit is 9.5 volts, and the microcomputer that operates the inverter protection circuit becomes uncontrollable around 8.5 volts.

  First, the graph line A shows a change in voltage when the use of an electric device having a large electric load is started in a state where the sub battery is nearly fully charged. Here, the voltage at the start of use is, for example, 12.5 volts, and shows a case where the voltage drops temporarily to 11.0 volts, returns to 11.7 volts, and stabilizes. In this case, the input voltage of the inverter temporarily drops immediately after the start of use of the electric device. However, since the input voltage at this time is 11.0 volts and is sufficiently high, the inverter is not affected even if the electric load increases momentarily. The protection circuit works and the inverter does not fail.

  Next, the graph line B shows a change in voltage when the use of an electric device having a large electric load is started in a state where the storage amount of the sub-battery is decreasing. Here, the voltage at the start of use is, for example, 10.5 volts, and shows a case where the voltage drops temporarily to 9.1 volts, returns to 9.7 volts, and stabilizes. In this case, since the inverter has a protection circuit, if the input voltage of the inverter temporarily drops to 9.5 volts immediately before the start of use of the electrical equipment, the inverter protection circuit is activated. Thus, the output to the electric equipment is cut off, so that the inverter 17 does not fail.

  Next, the graph line C shows a change in voltage when the use of an electric device having a large electric load is started when the sub-battery is in an overdischarged state. Here, the voltage at the start of use is, for example, 9.55 volts, and when the electric load momentarily increases, the voltage temporarily drops to 8.0 volts, and the input voltage to the inverter decreases momentarily. As described above, the voltage drops from 9.55 volts to 8.0 volts or less. When this voltage drop occurs, the microcomputer of the inverter protection circuit becomes uncontrollable. For this reason, if an overcurrent exceeding the output capacity of the inverter flows through the inverter, the inverter circuit may break down.

  Therefore, the present invention can use an air conditioner that requires a large amount of electricity without being equipped with an expensive marine generator in a relatively small vessel, and can be used on the ship comfortably. It is an object to provide a power supply device for equipment and a small ship.

  In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1 is a marine vessel propulsion engine equipped with an alternator, a main battery charged by a current output from the alternator, and a power source for electrical equipment. A sub-battery, a charge control device that charges the sub-battery while giving priority to charging the main battery, an inverter that converts a direct current discharged from the sub-battery into an alternating current, and a power supply by the inverter The electric power supply device for an electric device provided with an air conditioner that is operated.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to the first aspect, an interruption relay in which a relay switch is interposed in a wiring for supplying power from the sub battery to the inverter, and a voltage of the sub battery are detected. And a voltage detection circuit for detecting that the voltage has fallen below a predetermined voltage and outputting a switch-off signal; and inputting the switch-off signal to turn off the relay switch to turn off the relay And a voltage detection relay for turning off a relay switch of the relay.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to the second aspect, the voltage detection circuit causes the voltage of the sub-battery to be equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage before the voltage drops to the operating voltage of the protection circuit of the inverter. It is configured to detect that the voltage detection relay has been turned off and to turn off the voltage detection relay.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the configuration described in claim 2 or 3, the voltage detection circuit includes a second threshold value at which the voltage of the sub-battery is a voltage close to a full charge of the sub-battery. It is configured to detect that the voltage is higher than the voltage and to switch on the voltage detection relay.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a small vessel including a marine vessel propulsion engine equipped with an alternator and a main battery charged by a DC generated current output from the alternator, the marine vessel includes an air conditioner and outputs from the alternator. It is configured to charge a sub-battery through a charging control device with a DC generated current, and is configured to convert the DC current output from the sub-battery into an AC current by an inverter and to supply power to the air conditioner. It is characterized by a small ship.

  According to the inventions of claims 1 and 5, in a relatively small ship, an air conditioner that requires a large amount of electric power can be used without being equipped with an expensive ship generator. You can spend a comfortable time there.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, before the sub-battery is overdischarged to a voltage level at which the operating time of the air conditioner becomes long and the inverter becomes uncontrollable, the interruption relay is switched from the sub-battery to the inverter. Therefore, the overcurrent is not supplied to the inverter when the protection circuit is inoperable. Therefore, even if an air conditioner that requires a large amount of power is used, the inverter can be prevented from malfunctioning.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the inverter can be reliably protected by making the cutoff voltage of the cutoff relay higher than the operating voltage of the inverter protection circuit, and can also handle various inverters with different ratings and circuit configurations. Thus, the degree of freedom in selecting the inverter is improved.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the sub-battery is overdischarged, and power supply from the sub-battery to the inverter is automatically restored.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

Embodiment 1 of the Invention
FIG. 1 shows a power supply device for electric equipment of a small boat according to Embodiment 1 of the invention.

  First, the configuration will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a power supply apparatus 10 for an electrical device according to this embodiment includes a port engine 11A equipped with an alternator 12A, a starboard engine 11B equipped with an alternator 12B, and a port main corresponding to the port engine 11A. The example applied to the small ship provided with the battery 13A and the starboard main battery 13B corresponding to the starboard engine 11B is shown.

  The alternators 12A and 12B have a configuration in which a rectifier is attached to a permanent magnet generator, and the generator rotor is driven by the rotation of the crankshaft of the engines 11A and 11B to generate an alternating current and rectify the current by the rectifier. Is output.

  The electric equipment power supply apparatus 10 of this embodiment includes, for example, an air conditioner 18 as an electric equipment having a large electric power load, and a port main battery 13A and a starboard main battery are used as power sources of the air conditioner 18. The sub-battery 16 is used without using 13B.

  If the sub battery 16 is used and priority is given to the charging of the sub battery 16, the port main battery 13A and the starboard main battery 13B are likely to be over-discharged, which may hinder navigation and the like. The main battery 13A and the starboard main battery 13B are configured to be prioritized for charging.

  More specifically, the positive and negative terminals of the port side alternator 12A and the positive and negative terminals of the port side main battery 13A are wired to form a closed circuit, and the starboard side alternator is also connected. The positive terminal and the negative terminal of 12B and the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the main battery 13B are wired to form a closed circuit.

  A closed circuit is connected between the positive and negative terminals of the alternator 12A on the port side and the positive and negative terminals on the primary side of the two battery subchargers (charge control devices) 14A and 14B on the port side. Are connected in a closed circuit between the positive and negative terminals on the secondary side of the two battery subchargers 14A and 14B and the positive and negative terminals of the sub battery 16.

  In addition, a closed circuit is connected between the plus and minus terminals of the starboard side alternator 12B and the primary side plus and minus terminals of the two starboard side battery subchargers (charge control devices) 15A and 15B. A closed circuit connection is established between the secondary positive terminal and negative terminal of the two starboard side battery subchargers 15A and 15B and the positive terminal and negative terminal of the sub battery 16.

  Further, the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the sub-battery 16 are connected in a closed circuit between the primary terminal and the negative terminal of the inverter 17, and the secondary terminal of the inverter 17 and the air conditioner 18 are connected. Is closed circuit connected.

  The battery subchargers 14A and 14B and the battery subchargers 15A and 15B are configured to detect the storage voltage of the main battery 13A or the main battery 13B, and the main battery 13A or the main battery 13B needs to be charged. When the voltage drops to, the conduction with the sub-battery 16 is cut off, and the DC current generated by the alternator 12A or the alternator 12B is prioritized for charging the main battery 13A or the main battery 13B.

  The battery subchargers 14A and 14B and the battery subchargers 15A and 15B are electrically connected to the sub battery 16 when the main battery 13A or the main battery 13B becomes equal to or higher than a semi-charge voltage that does not require charging, and the alternator 12A. Alternatively, the sub-battery 16 is charged with a direct current generated by the alternator 12B.

In the above configuration, the battery subchargers 14A, 14B, 15A, 15B, the sub battery 16 and the cutoff relays (19a, 19b) are arranged in the engine compartment.
The inverter 17 is installed under the sofa in the cabin or in the furniture, and the air conditioner 18 is also installed in the cabin. When the operation return of the voltage detection relay is configured manually, it is preferable to arrange the voltage detection relay at a position where a driver or the like in the cabin can operate. In addition, the switchboard is configured to be able to turn on / off a device that supplies power.

  According to this circuit configuration, when the engines 11A and 11B are driven, the alternators 12A and 12B generate electricity and charge the main batteries 13A and 13B. The battery subchargers 14A, 14B, 15A, and 15B detect the voltages of the main batteries 13A and 13B, and when the main batteries 13A and 13B become equal to or higher than a semi-full voltage that does not require charging, until the required storage voltage is reduced. During this time, the sub-battery 16 is charged. The electric power charged in the sub-battery 16 is converted into alternating current by the inverter 17 and supplied to the air conditioner 18. Thereby, the air conditioner 18 which requires large electric power can be used.

  Therefore, according to the electric power supply apparatus for electrical equipment, the ship propulsion engine for a small ship equipped with an alternator is provided, and a direct-current generated current output from the alternator is charged to the main battery and sub-charged via the charge control apparatus. The battery is configured to be charged, and a DC current output from the sub-battery is converted into an AC current by an inverter to supply power to an air conditioner installed in a small vessel.

  The inverter 17 is provided with a protection circuit so that it does not break even if an overcurrent flows. This protection circuit is equipped with a microcomputer, and by the function of this microcomputer, a voltage of 10.5 volts or less is detected, and the power supply is cut off when the voltage drops to 9.5 volts. When the voltage of the current supplied to the microcomputer drops to 8.5 volts, the microcomputer becomes uncontrollable. At this time, if an overcurrent flows to the inverter 17, the inverter 17 is broken.

  Therefore, in the present invention, a safety circuit 19 that complements the protection circuit of the inverter 17 is provided in the wiring that connects the sub battery 16 and the inverter 17.

  The safety circuit 19 includes a cut-off relay switch 19a provided in a positive power supply line connecting the sub-battery 16 and the inverter 17, a relay coil 19b that turns on the cut-off relay switch 19a when excited, and a relay coil The voltage detection relay switch 19c provided in the power supply line 19b, the voltage detection relay coil 19d that turns on the voltage detection relay switch 19c when excited, and the voltage detection circuit provided in the power supply line of the voltage detection relay coil 19d 20

  The voltage detection circuit 20 inputs a detected voltage (the voltage of the positive power supply line connected to the sub battery 16 and the inverter 17 = the voltage of the sub battery 16) to the AN port of the microcomputer 20a. 11.0 volt when the digital value obtained by A / D converting the input voltage of the AN port is proportionally converted to a threshold value (for example, 0 volt is a digital value “0” and the fully stored voltage 13.5 volt is a digital value “256”). When the value is larger than the threshold value, current flows from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b. When the value is less than the threshold value, no current flows from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b (cut-off signal). ) The microcomputer 20a and the transistor 20b are fed with, for example, 6 volts, which is a constant voltage by a three-terminal regulator 20c. Reference numerals 20d and 20e denote resistors, and the voltage of the feeding current of the sub-battery 16 is input to the middle point of the resistors 20d and 20e.

  Further, the microcomputer 20a also has a higher threshold value of 12.0 volts, and in a state where no current flows from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b, the input voltage of the AN port is A / D converted digitally. When the value is compared with the higher threshold value, current is prevented from flowing from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b when the value is smaller than the threshold value. A current is supplied to the base of 20b.

  Therefore, when the power switch of the air conditioner 18 is turned on, the voltage detection circuit 20 detects the detected voltage and when the threshold voltage is greater than 12.0 volts, the microcomputer connects the transistor 20b from the I / O port. Apply current to the base.

  As a result, since the transistor 20b passes a current from the collector to the emitter, the voltage detection relay coil 19d is excited to turn on the voltage detection relay switch 19c, and further, the voltage detection relay coil 19d is excited to turn off the cutoff relay switch 19a. The sub battery 16 is turned on, a direct current is supplied from the sub battery 16 to the inverter 17, an alternating current is supplied from the inverter 17 to the air conditioner 18, and the air conditioner 18 is operated.

  When the air conditioner 18 is operated for a long time with the engine stopped, and the stored voltage of the sub-battery 16 drops to 11.0 volts, the microcomputer 20a causes the detected voltage to fall below the threshold value of 11.0 volts. Is detected, and the current flowing from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b is stopped (output of the cutoff signal is stopped).

  As a result, the voltage detection relay coil 19d is demagnetized to turn off the voltage detection relay switch 19c, and the voltage detection relay coil 19d is demagnetized to turn off the cutoff relay switch 19a. Since the supply of current is stopped, the air conditioner 18 stops operating.

  When the air conditioner 18 stops operating, charging from the battery subcharger to the sub-battery 16 is continued, and the voltage detection circuit 20 continues to detect the detected voltage. When the storage voltage of the sub-battery 16 is restored to 12.0 volts, the microcomputer 20a again flows a current from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b (outputs a return signal). The power supply automatically recovers. The resumption of the operation of the air conditioner 18 may be either automatic or manual.

  According to the electric power supply apparatus 10 for electrical equipment of this embodiment, since the threshold value at which the microcomputer 20a does not flow the current flowing from the I / O port to the base of the transistor 20b is 11.0 volts, the graph in FIG. The case of lines B and C disappears.

  Therefore, according to the electric power supply apparatus 10 for electrical equipment, the voltage of the direct current flowing from the sub-battery 16 to the inverter 17 becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage at the previous stage when the voltage drops to the operating voltage of the protection circuit of the inverter 17. Since the safety circuit 19 that senses and shuts down the circuit is provided, when the operating time of the air conditioner 18 becomes long and the sub battery 16 is in an overdischarged state, the sub battery is kept until the inverter 17 reaches a self-control impossible level. When the voltage of the supply current from 16 drops, the cut-off relay switch 19a is turned off, and the power supply from the sub battery 16 to the inverter 17 is cut off. Is not performed, so even if an air conditioner that requires a large amount of power is used, the inverter 17 may fail. It is possible to stop.

  Moreover, according to this electric power supply apparatus 10 for electric equipment, the inverter 17 can be reliably protected by making the threshold voltage of the microcomputer of the voltage detection circuit 20 higher than the operating voltage of the protection circuit of the inverter. In addition, by providing the cutoff circuit, it is possible to cope with various inverters having different ratings and circuit configurations, and the degree of freedom in selecting the inverter is improved.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical idea.

  In the above embodiment, the sub-battery 16 is charged with the generated currents of the alternators 12A and 12B via the two battery subchargers 14A, 14A, 14B, and 14B, respectively, but the capacity of the battery subcharger is large. For example, there may be one each. One alternator and one battery subcharger may be provided.

  In the said embodiment, all of a relay switch, an interruption | blocking relay, and a voltage detection relay include both a contact relay and a semiconductor relay circuit.

Schematic circuit diagram of a power supply device for electrical equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention The figure which shows the change of the voltage which an inverter inputs from a sub battery at the time of the start of use of the electric equipment with large electric power load

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electric power supply apparatus 11A Port side engine 11B Starboard engine 12A Alternator 12B Alternator 13A Main battery for starboard 13B Main battery for starboard 14A, 14B Battery subcharger (charge control device)
15A, 15B Battery subcharger (Charge control device)
16 Sub-battery 17 Inverter 18 Air conditioner (Electric equipment with large electric power load)
19 Safety Circuit 19a Isolation Relay Switch 19b Isolation Relay Coil 19c Voltage Detection Relay Switch 19d Voltage Detection Relay Coil 20 Voltage Detection Circuit 20a Microcomputer 20b Transistor

Claims (5)

  A marine vessel propulsion engine equipped with an alternator, a main battery charged by a current output from the alternator, a sub-battery serving as a power source for electrical equipment, and the sub-battery while prioritizing charging to the main battery An electrical apparatus comprising: a charge control device that charges the battery; an inverter that converts a direct current discharged from the sub-battery into an alternating current and outputs; and an electrical apparatus that is powered and operated by the inverter Power supply equipment.   An interruption relay in which a relay switch is interposed in the wiring for supplying power from the sub-battery to the inverter, and a voltage of the sub-battery are detected to detect that the voltage has become a predetermined voltage or less. A voltage detection circuit that outputs a switch-off signal; and a voltage detection relay that turns off the relay switch of the cutoff relay by inputting the switch-off signal and turning off its own relay switch. The electric power supply apparatus for electrical equipment according to claim 1.   The voltage detection circuit is configured to detect that the voltage of the sub-battery has become equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage before the voltage drop to the operating voltage of the inverter protection circuit, and to turn off the voltage detection relay. The electric power supply apparatus for electric equipment according to claim 2, wherein   The voltage detection circuit is configured to switch on the voltage detection relay upon detecting that the voltage of the sub-battery is equal to or higher than a second threshold voltage that is a voltage close to a full charge of the sub-battery. The electric power supply apparatus for electrical equipment according to claim 2 or 3. In a small vessel equipped with a ship propulsion engine equipped with an alternator and a main battery charged by a DC generated current output from the alternator,
An air conditioner is provided, and a DC power generation current output from the alternator is configured to be charged into a sub-battery via a charging control device. The DC current output from the sub-battery is converted into an AC current by an inverter. A small vessel configured to supply power to the air conditioner.

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