JP2008217275A - Machining method and machining apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To engrave lines on a chiselled curved surface with texture by machining. <P>SOLUTION: A machining apparatus comprises an inclination angle computation part 104 for computing an inclination angle between a tool axis of a pneumatic oscillating chisel tool and a normal to the surface of a workpiece at the contact point between a bit tool of the pneumatic oscillating chisel tool and the surface of the workpiece during machining, from machining pattern data on a machining pattern including groove depth information stored in a tool path data storage part 101, surface shape data on the surface of the workpiece stored in a workpiece shape data storage part 102, and bit shape data on the bit tool of the pneumatic oscillating chisel tool stored in a tool shape data storage part 103, and a tool attitude control part 105 for controlling the attitude when the bit tool of the pneumatic oscillating chisel tool is in contact with the surface of the workpiece according to the computed inclination angle. The oscillating bit tool provides impacts while controlling the attitude of the pneumatic oscillating chisel tool by the tool attitude control part 105 to form the pattern represented by the machining pattern data. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining method and a machining apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for forming a pattern line on a workpiece having a curved shape.

  Conventionally, various machining processes have been performed on the surfaces of metal and resin parts. The machining includes, for example, grooving for engraving a groove pattern or the like, and finishing for making a smooth surface.

  There are many means for performing machining, for example, there are cutting machines that automatically perform cutting by inputting cutting data, and other tools that perform cutting manually with a size that can be held by hand. In any means, a blade is used in a portion where cutting is performed in contact with the surface of the workpiece.

  The surface of the workpiece is not limited to a flat surface, but may have a curved surface. Therefore, in order to process the blade with a curved surface with high accuracy, it is preferable to have a high degree of freedom in machining.

  Therefore, for example, in Patent Document 1, the workpiece and the cutting tool are relatively moved while the cutting tool is rotated along a pseudo-circular orbit by two linear actuators that vibrate in directions of two orthogonal axes. A grooving apparatus is described having a six-axis synchronous stage of movement in the X, Y, and Z axis directions and rotation about the X, Y, and Z axes by moving. Thereby, even if it is a spherical processed surface, the cutting of a groove | channel which always matched the groove cut in the normal direction on the spherical processed surface is attained.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a six-axis controllable six-axis system including a linear feed axis that is orthogonal to the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, and a rotary feed axis that is an A-axis, B-axis, and C-axis. An NC machine tool is described. In addition, a hale machining tool which is a non-rotating tool is mounted on the 6-axis NC machine tool. Then, by performing an interference check between the workpiece and the hail tool automatically, the posture is controlled so that the axis of the hail tool is perpendicular to the workpiece machining surface. Thereby, since the relative attitude | position with respect to the process surface of the to-be-processed object of a hale processing tool is maintained at the substantially constant appropriate angle, the cutting process with a sufficient process precision and surface roughness is attained.

  By the way, in traditional buildings in Japan, ornamental metal fittings that use engraving techniques using a chisel are often found. Examples of the decorative metal fittings include buds used in shrines and temples.

A scissors is like a scissors (only) used in woodworking, and is a tool used for carving and shaving metal. There are various candy depending on the application. And engraving means sculpting metal with a spear. The pattern engraved with a kite is called a pattern, and it includes a straight line, a curve, and the depth of shaving to express a textured shape. The pattern is often formed on the curved surface of a decorative metal fitting having a curved surface, and craftsmanship is required for this formation.
JP 2004-345017 A (released on December 9, 2004) JP-A-6-254742 (published on September 13, 1994) Co-authored by Masahiko Katori et al., “Traditional Techniques of Metalwork”, 14th Edition, Science and Engineering, May 2003, p. 4-21 to 4-23

  However, even if you try to process the pattern engraved on the curved surface of the decorative metal fitting with the current NC machine tool, there is no dedicated tool suitable for engraving, so it is processed into the same shape as engraving by machining. I can't.

  For example, the groove processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 is intended to process linear grooves with high accuracy and with reduced burr and plastic deformation. Not suitable. In addition, since the amount to be scraped at one time (the amount to be scraped) is determined, if it is desired to change the depth of the groove, it is necessary to change the setting for each cutting. Therefore, there is a problem that it is inefficient because it takes time and effort to apply it to the line engraving process using the above-mentioned scissors.

  Further, in the 6-axis NC machine tool described in Patent Document 2, hail machining is performed using a hale machining tool that is a non-rotating tool. Hale machining is a machining method in which a 6-axis NC machine tool is used to press a tool against the boundary line between curved surfaces and use a non-rotating tool to repeatedly perform grooving with minute cuts.

  However, in the hale processing, since a minute cut is repeatedly processed, a lot of processing time is required. Further, since the hail processing is always a method of pressing and scraping, it can be shaved only at a certain depth. For this reason, there is no function of further pushing in and deeply cutting during a single cutting process. Furthermore, since the cutting pitch cannot be adjusted, only continuous line segments can be formed, and it is difficult to process broken lines.

  Therefore, even if pattern shape data is given to the 6-axis NC machine tool, the cutting method cannot be applied and only continuous line segments can be cut, so the unique texture of artistic crafts and ornaments is produced. I can't. Therefore, the hail processing is limited to industrial products because there are restrictions on the method of expressing the pattern lines, and there is a problem in application to crafts and decorations.

  Moreover, in the said patent documents 1 and 2, since it cuts, there also exists a problem that debris generate | occur | produces or a deburring is needed for a post process.

  Therefore, line engraving using a metal surface with a curved surface, as seen in engraving, is not automated by machining and has the problem that the shortage of craftsmen cannot be resolved. For this reason, it is desired that the pattern on the three-dimensional surface of the decorative metal fitting carved by hand can be formed by machining using an automatic NC machine tool or the like.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and its purpose is a machining method capable of forming a line engraving process with a texture on a curved surface engraved with a scissors by machining. And providing a machining apparatus.

  In order to solve the above problems, the machining method of the present invention is a machining method for machining a surface of a workpiece using a cutting machine capable of automatically machining based on input data. , A first step of mounting a vibration tool whose tip portion vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis on a cutting tool mounting portion of the cutting machine, processing pattern data of a pattern to be processed including groove depth information, Based on the surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece and the tip shape data of the tip of the vibration tool, the contact point when the tip of the vibration tool is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece at the time of machining, A second step of calculating an inclination angle formed by a tool axis of the vibration tool and a normal of the surface of the workpiece; and based on the calculated inclination angle, the tip of the vibration tool is a surface of the workpiece. Control the posture of touching And performing a plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by striking the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates while controlling the posture of the vibrating tool during the third step. It is characterized by forming a pattern described in the processed pattern data.

  The machining apparatus of the present invention is a machining apparatus that performs machining on the surface of a workpiece using a cutting machine that can automatically perform machining based on input data, and the cutting machine cuts the cutting machine. A vibration tool mounted on the tool mounting portion, the tip of which vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis, processing pattern data of a pattern to be processed including information on the groove depth, surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and Based on the machining data storage unit storing at least the tip shape data of the tip part of the vibration tool, the machining pattern data, the surface shape data, and the tip shape data, the tip part of the vibration tool is covered with the tip part during the machining. An inclination angle calculating means for calculating an inclination angle formed by a tool axis of the vibration tool and a normal line of the surface of the workpiece at the contact point when contacting the surface of the workpiece; and the calculated inclination Attitude control means for controlling the attitude of the tip of the vibration tool in contact with the surface of the workpiece based on the angle, and the attitude control means vibrates while controlling the attitude of the vibration tool. A pattern described in the machining pattern data is formed by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by striking the tip of the vibration tool.

  According to each of the above configurations, vibration is generated during processing based on the processing pattern data of the pattern to be processed including information on the groove depth, the surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and the tip shape data of the tip portion of the vibration tool. An inclination angle formed by the tool axis of the vibration tool and the normal of the surface of the workpiece at the contact point when the tip of the tool is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece is calculated. Then, based on the calculated inclination angle, the posture in which the tip of the vibration tool comes into contact with the surface of the workpiece is controlled. In this controlled state, a pattern described in the machining pattern data is formed by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by striking the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates.

  As a result, the surface of the workpiece is recorded in the machining pattern data while the posture of the vibration tool is controlled in accordance with the inclination angle calculated based on the machining pattern data, the surface shape data, and the tip shape data. Since the pattern is plastically processed, a wide variety of line engraving processes that reflect various groove depths and curves, etc., which are not machined at a fixed depth, even on a free-form surface, can be machined. It becomes possible to form.

  For example, when a pattern line on a curved surface engraved with a ridge is restored by machining, the pattern pattern data including groove depth information, the surface shape data of the engraved surface, and the ridge used for engraving. The tip shape data of the tip portion is prepared in advance, and the pattern line described in the processing pattern data is plastically processed while controlling the posture of the vibration tool according to the inclination angle calculated based on the data.

  As a result, it is possible to form a pattern line reflecting various groove depths and curves on the curved surface engraved by the scissors by machining. In other words, it is possible to perform a wide variety of line carving with texture, which is a unique texture of artistic crafts and decorations, such as pattern lines, and it is possible to restore the texture by machining Become.

  Further, according to each of the above configurations, the pattern described in the machining pattern data is formed by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by hitting the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates instead of cutting. Yes. Therefore, generation of chips can be prevented. In addition, it is possible to reduce subsequent processes such as deburring.

  Further, in the machining method of the present invention, the cutting machine performs relative machining between the vibrating tool and the workpiece to perform machining on the surface of the workpiece. In the three steps, it is preferable to further control the relative feed rate between the tip and the surface of the workpiece with respect to the frequency of the tip of the vibration tool.

  Further, in the machining apparatus according to the present invention, the cutting machine performs machining on the surface of the workpiece by performing relative feeding between the vibration tool and the workpiece, and the posture described above. It is preferable that the control means further controls a relative feed speed between the tip portion and the surface of the workpiece with respect to the frequency of the tip portion of the vibration tool.

  According to each of the above configurations, when controlling the posture of the tip of the vibration tool in contact with the surface of the workpiece, the tip and the workpiece are further controlled with respect to the frequency of the tip of the vibration tool. By controlling the relative feed speed with respect to the surface, it is possible to process a continuous line when the feed speed is slow and to process a broken line when the feed speed is fast.

  Further, in the machining method of the present invention, in the third step, in addition to the vibration tool, the vibration tool is alternately arranged on the left and right sides in the direction parallel to the tool axis in synchronization with the vibration of the tip of the vibration tool. It is preferable to rotate.

  Further, in the machining apparatus according to the present invention, the posture control means may further alternate the left and right of the vibration tool about a direction parallel to the tool axis in synchronization with the vibration of the tip of the vibration tool. It is preferable to rotate.

  According to each of the above configurations, when controlling the attitude of the tip of the vibration tool in contact with the surface of the workpiece, the vibration tool is used as a tool axis in synchronization with the vibration of the tip of the vibration tool. By rotating the left and right alternately around the parallel direction as an axis, it is possible to perform machining in which dents are alternately formed on the left and right as the vibration tool advances in the machining direction. For example, in the case of a pattern line, it is possible to perform a zigzag pattern line process or a branch leaf pattern line process.

  In the machining method of the present invention, it is preferable that the vibration tool is a pneumatic vibration tool in which the tip portion vibrates by air pressure.

  In the machining apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the vibration tool is a pneumatic vibration tool in which the tip portion vibrates by air pressure.

  According to each of the above configurations, since the vibration tool is a pneumatic vibration tool whose tip is vibrated by air pressure, the tapping strength and the number of vibrations of the tip can be easily adjusted simply by adjusting the air pressure. It becomes possible. Moreover, it becomes possible to form a wide variety of line engraving processes that further reflect various groove depths and curves by machining.

  In the machining method of the present invention, it is preferable that the cutting machine has a machining function with 6-axis freedom.

  In the machining apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the cutting machine has a machining function with 6-axis freedom.

  According to each of the above configurations, since the cutting machine has a machining function with six-axis freedom, a wide variety of line engraving processes that further reflect various groove depths and curves can be formed by machining. It becomes possible.

  As described above, in the machining method of the present invention, the first step of mounting the vibration tool whose tip portion vibrates in the direction parallel to the tool axis on the cutting tool mounting portion of the cutting machine, and the groove depth information. Based on the processing pattern data of the pattern to be processed, the surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and the tip shape data of the tip of the vibration tool, the tip of the vibration tool is brought to the surface of the workpiece during processing. A second step of calculating an inclination angle formed by a tool axis of the vibration tool and a normal line of the surface of the workpiece at the contact point at the time of contact; and the vibration tool based on the calculated inclination angle. And a third step for controlling the posture of the tip of the vibrating tool in contact with the surface of the workpiece, and by controlling the posture of the vibrating tool during the third step, by hitting the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates. Above By causing plastic deformation on the surface of the engineering material, a method of forming a pattern that is described in the working pattern data.

  In addition, the machining apparatus of the present invention is mounted on a cutting tool mounting portion of a cutting machine and has a vibration tool whose tip portion vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis, and a machining pattern including a groove depth information to be machined. Based on the machining data storage unit that stores at least data, surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and tip shape data of the tip of the vibration tool, the machining pattern data, the surface shape data, and the tip shape data And calculating the inclination angle formed by the tool axis of the vibration tool and the normal of the surface of the workpiece at the contact point when the tip of the vibration tool is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece during machining. And an attitude control means for controlling the attitude of the tip of the vibration tool in contact with the surface of the workpiece based on the calculated inclination angle, Is configured to form a pattern described in the machining pattern data by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by striking the tip of the vibrating tool while vibrating while controlling the posture of the vibrating tool It is.

  Therefore, on the surface of the workpiece, the posture of the vibration tool is controlled according to the inclination angle calculated based on the machining pattern data, the surface shape data, and the tip shape data, and is recorded in the machining pattern data. Since the pattern is plastically processed, a wide variety of line engraving processes that reflect various groove depths and curves, etc., which are not machined at a fixed depth, even on a free-form surface, can be machined. There is an effect that it can be formed.

  In addition, the pattern described in the machining pattern data is formed by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by hitting the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates instead of cutting. Therefore, there is an effect that generation of chips can be prevented. In addition, there is an effect that post-processes such as deburring can be reduced.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The present invention comprises a 6-axis NC machine tool capable of inputting various machining conditions and a pneumatic vibratory tool, and plastically strikes the surface of the workpiece with the pneumatic vibratory tool while adjusting the machining conditions. It is characterized by processing the surface of the workpiece by causing deformation.

  In addition, the present invention is particularly excellent in forming and processing a pattern line on a solid curved surface formed by engraving. For example, in traditional buildings in Japan, ornamental metal fittings that use engraving techniques using caskets, such as caskets used in shrines and temples, are used. The surface of this coral has a curved surface with engraved patterns. Engraving has techniques such as kicking and fish, and requires craftsmanship. The pattern has a complicated shape with a mixture of straight lines, curves, and shaving depth. In the present invention, the pattern carved on the surface of the ridge can be restored by machining.

  First, the configuration of the machining apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described, and then a machining method using the machining apparatus will be described.

  The machining apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a tool path data storage unit 101 (processing data storage unit), a workpiece shape data storage unit 102 (processing data storage unit), and a tool shape data storage unit 103 (shown in FIG. 1). Machining data storage section), tilt angle calculation section 104 (tilt angle calculation means), tool posture control section 105 (posture control means), and 6-axis NC machine tool 100 (cutting machine), and a 6-axis NC shown in FIG. A pneumatic vibration tool 200 (vibration tool) mounted on the machine tool 100 is provided.

  FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the machining apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  The tool path data storage unit 101 is a storage unit that stores processing path data of a pattern line engraved by a craftsman. The processing line data of the above pattern line uses the curve data obtained by tracing the actual pattern line with a mouse pen and captured, and the image of the pattern line engraved by the craftsman using a photograph or the like. And groove shape data obtained by calculating the groove shape of the pattern line. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the method for capturing pattern line data is not limited. In addition, newly created pattern line processing path data may be used, and by newly creating pattern line data, it becomes possible to form a dent that is impossible with human skill.

  The workpiece shape data storage unit 102 is a storage unit that stores shape data of a surface processed by the workpiece. Any shape can be used as the surface shape. For example, even a free-form surface can be applied without any problem in the present invention.

  The tool shape data storage unit 103 is a storage unit that stores shape data of the tip portion of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200. The detailed configuration of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 will be described later.

  The inclination angle calculation unit 104 is located between the tool axis of the pneumatic vibrating rod tool 200 and the normal of the surface of the workpiece at the point where the tip of the pneumatic vibrating rod tool 200 is in contact with the surface of the workpiece. Calculate the tilt angle. Specifically, the inclination angle calculation unit 104 forms a pattern line while referring to each data stored in the tool path data storage unit 101, the workpiece shape data storage unit 102, and the tool shape data storage unit 103. In order for the tip of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 to come into contact with the surface so as to generate such a dent, it is calculated how much the tool axis should be inclined from the normal line. The tilt angle calculation unit 104 supplies the calculated angle to the tool posture control unit 105.

  The tool posture control unit 105 is configured such that the tip of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 contacts the surface of the workpiece so that the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 performs processing based on the angle supplied from the tilt angle calculation unit 104. Control the posture.

  The 6-axis NC machine tool 100 is a machine tool that has a 6-axis degree of freedom and automatically cuts a workpiece based on input data. NC is an abbreviation for Numerical Control, which is a machine tool that commands a desired machining process with a numerical value and a sign and performs automatic machining using an automatic control device and a computer.

  In addition, the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 may be any machine that can attach the pneumatic vibration scissors tool 200 to the part to which the blade is attached instead of the blade, and may use a general-purpose machine. Furthermore, general-purpose cutting software applicable to the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 may be used for the control in the 6-axis direction.

  The six axes are a linear feed axis that is orthogonal to the X, Y, and Z axes, and a rotary feed axis that is an A axis, a B axis, and a C axis. The A axis is a rotation feed axis around the X axis, the B axis is a rotation feed axis around the Y axis, and the C axis is a rotation feed axis around the Z axis. In addition, the present invention places a work piece on a table (working table), performs relative feeding between the pneumatic vibration tool 200 and the table (that is, the work piece), and places a machine on the surface of the work piece. What is necessary is just to process, and the control of the relative feed is not limited.

  In the present invention, a new method of using a general-purpose machine can be found and effectively used by attaching a pneumatic vibration tool 200 to a portion where the blade of the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 is mounted. It is possible to produce an effect.

  The pneumatic vibrating rod tool 200 is a tool whose tip portion vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis due to air pressure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the pneumatic vibration scissor tool 200 includes a holder 201, a cap 202, and a tip tool 203 (tip portion). Note that an axis passing through the center of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is a tool axis 204.

  Further, the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 is assembled by attaching a tip tool 203 as a tip portion to a cap 202 and fitting the cap 202 and the holder 201 together. The tip tool 203 is not fixed, and can move up and down along a direction parallel to the tool axis 204 in an internal space formed by the cap 202 and the holder 201. Since the tip tool 203 vibrates, a rubber washer is sandwiched between the holder 201 and the cap 202.

  Here, the principle of movement of the tip tool 203 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A shows a case where the tip tool 203 is lowered, and FIG. 3B shows a case where the tip tool 203 is raised.

  In FIG. 3A, the air pressure applied from the air hole formed in the holder 201 advances in the direction of the arrow, and passes between the tip tool 203 and the holder 201 via the air hole formed in the tip tool 203. Into the space.

  Thereby, as the air pressure increases, the pressure applied to the tip tool 203 also increases, and the action of lowering the tip tool 203 works. On the other hand, at this time, the air hole into which the air pressure flows into the space between the tip tool 203 and the cap 202 is closed by the mutual wall (X portion).

  Subsequently, when the tip tool 203 is lowered, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), an air hole formed in the holder 201 which is a passage of the air pressure to be lowered and an air hole formed in the tip tool 203 are They are closed by the walls of each other (Y portion).

  On the other hand, when the tip tool 203 is lowered, an air hole through which air pressure flows into the space between the tip tool 203 and the cap 202 is opened. In this case, as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3B, the path of air pressure changes. For this reason, as the air pressure increases, the pressure applied to the tip tool 203 also increases, and the action of raising the tip tool 203 works.

  Subsequently, when the tip tool 203 is raised, the loophole that was the passage of the increased air pressure is blocked, and the passage of the lowered air pressure is opened. In this way, by applying air pressure and repeating the action shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, it is possible to obtain vertical movement, that is, vibration of the tip tool 203 along the tool axis 204. It has become. The pneumatic vibration tool 200 is connected to, for example, an air pressure adjusting circuit that adjusts the air pressure sent to the air hole.

  Here, the tip shape of the tip tool 203 is not limited and is preferably determined by combining various shapes and angles. For example, various shapes such as a mountain shape and a ship bottom shape can be designed according to the design. Actually, there are various kinds of shapes of cocoons depending on craftsmen and engraving techniques.

  Next, the processing method using the said machining apparatus is demonstrated. The workpiece is made of metal.

  By the way, a workpiece made of metal has undergone a number of processes until a shape is formed from a material and polishing is completed. Therefore, in this description, it is assumed that a pattern line is formed on a workpiece having a curved surface whose surface is processed by a ball end mill.

  The curved surface of the workpiece is machined by a 6-axis NC machine tool 100 equipped with a ball end mill. Therefore, after processing the curved surface shape on the workpiece, the ball end mill attached to the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 is removed, and the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is attached, so that the same 6-axis NC machine tool 100 is continuously used. It is possible. That is, the same 6-axis NC machine tool 100 performs relative feeding between the pneumatic vibration tool 200 and the work piece, and finishes the pattern line on the curved surface of the shaped work piece. It is possible.

  In addition, you may use the workpiece which curved surface shape which was obtained separately was processed. In this case, the workpiece may be attached to the processing table of the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 using a jig or the like so that the processing surface is exposed.

  In the prepared state, if various machining conditions are adjusted and an operation start command is given to the 6-axis NC machine tool 100, the machining is automatically performed and a pattern line is machined on the surface of the workpiece. It is possible.

  Next, the processing conditions for restoring the pattern line on the curved surface engraved with the scissors by machining will be described in detail.

  After the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is mounted on the 6-axis NC machine tool 100, pattern line machining pattern data including groove depth information captured by various methods is stored in the tool path data storage unit 101. Further, the curved surface shape data of the processed workpiece is stored in the workpiece shape data storage unit 102. Further, the tip shape data of the tip tool 203 of the mounted pneumatic vibration tool 200 is stored in the tool shape data storage unit 103.

  Next, when the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is in contact with the curved surface 301 for machining, the tool axis vector is arranged to tilt with a constant inclination angle θ with respect to the normal vector.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the concept of each direction at the contact point when the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 is brought into contact with the surface 301 of the workpiece 300.

  The workpiece 300 has a traveling direction vector, a vertical vector, and a normal vector for each position on the surface 301 processed into a curved surface.

  The traveling direction vector is a vector in the traveling direction of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200. The vertical vector is a vector that is orthogonal to the traveling direction vector and the normal vector and is tangential to the curved surface 301. The normal vector is a vector orthogonal to the traveling direction vector and the vertical vector and in the normal direction with respect to the curved surface 301.

  On the other hand, the relative positional relationship between the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 and the workpiece 300 can be controlled by the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 in 6 axes. Further, the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 vibrates along the tool axis. The tool axis vector is a vector in the tool axis direction.

  As an example, FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the tip portion when the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is tilted left and right with respect to the normal vector in a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction vector. As shown in FIG. 5, the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 is always arranged such that the tool axis vector has a tilt angle θ given to the normal vector.

  Here, the inclination angle θ is calculated by the inclination angle calculation unit 104, the machining pattern data stored in the tool path data storage unit 101, the curved surface shape data stored in the workpiece shape data storage unit 102, and the tool shape data. The angle is calculated based on the tip shape data stored in the storage unit 103.

  Based on the inclination angle θ, the tool attitude control unit 105 controls the attitude of the pneumatic vibration tool 200, and the pattern line described in the machining pattern data is processed. Subsequently, the control of the attitude of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 6A, the tool axis vector is inclined in the left-right direction with respect to the surface formed by the normal vector and the traveling direction vector. In this case, it is suitable for forming a processed groove such as an inlay. In FIG. 6B, the tool axis vector is inclined in the left-right direction with respect to the plane formed by the normal vector and the vertical vector.

  In the control of the attitude of the pneumatic vibration hammer tool 200, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the pneumatic vibration hammer tool 200 has the same blade edge angle as the pneumatic vibration hammer tool 200. It is used as a tapered rotary tool 250 having a virtual cutting edge diameter of zero. In FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, the tapered rotary tool 250 is indicated by a dotted line.

  Then, the tool posture control unit 105 is based on the inclination angle θ calculated by the inclination angle calculation unit 104 at a point where the virtual cutting edge of the tapered rotary tool 250 is in contact with the surface 301 of the workpiece 300. The attitude of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 is controlled.

  Further, along with the inclination of the pneumatic vibration tool 200, the tool attitude control unit 105 calculates the interference between the tapered rotary tool 250 and the workpiece 300, and calculates the machining width of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 one by one. However, the processing depth in the tool axis direction is controlled so that the processing width of the pattern line is constant.

  Then, in a state where the tool posture control unit 105 controls the posture of the pneumatic vibration hammer tool 200, the tip tool 203 hits the surface 301 by the vibration of the tip tool 203 of the pneumatic vibration hammer tool 200. Plastic deformation occurs in 301, and a dent is formed.

  Since the tilt angle calculation unit 104 may calculate that the tilt angle θ is zero, the posture of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 is determined while the tool axis vector is positioned in the same direction with respect to the normal vector. There is also a case to control.

  Further, when the tool posture control unit 105 is controlling the posture of the pneumatic vibration tool 200, the tip of the tip tool 203 of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 with respect to the vibration frequency is controlled by the 6-axis NC machine tool 100. By controlling the relative feed rate between the tool 203 and the surface 301 of the workpiece 300, it is possible to process a pattern of continuous lines or broken lines. In other words, if the feed rate is slow, the continuous pattern line can be plastically processed, and if it is fast, the fracture pattern line can be plastically processed.

  Subsequently, the shape of the dent according to the tip shape of the tip tool 203 of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 is shown in FIGS.

  Fig.7 (a) has shown the external appearance of the Yamagata tack tool, and (b) has shown the shape of the dent by a Yamagata tack tool.

  The Yamagata hammer tool hits the surface 301 of the workpiece 300 while its tool axis vector is controlled to a posture having an inclination angle from the normal vector of the workpiece 300. Thereby, a dent that is plastically deformed in a triangular pyramid shape is formed on the surface 301 of the workpiece 300. In this case, a broken curve is formed by adjusting the machining pitch P to be large.

  FIG. 8A shows the appearance of the ship-bottom dredge tool, and FIG. 8B shows the shape of a dent by the ship-bottom dredge tool.

  Similarly to the mountain-shaped tack tool, the ship-bottom kite tool hits the surface 301 of the workpiece 300 while its tool axis vector is controlled to have a tilt angle from the normal vector of the workpiece 300. Thereby, a dent that is plastically deformed into the shape of the ship bottom is formed on the surface 301 of the workpiece 300. In this case, a continuous curve is formed by adjusting the processing pitch P to be small. Note that blurring can be performed by combining continuous and discontinuous.

  In addition, by adding control of rotation to the pneumatic vibration tool 200 with respect to a predetermined axis parallel to the tool axis of the pneumatic vibration tool 200, another form of dent is formed and processed. Is possible.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the shape of the dent when rotation control is added using a chevron scissors tool. In this case, by adding control to rotate left and right alternately at the rotation angle θr, a process in which dents are alternately formed on the left and right along the path of the pattern line of the input machining pattern data, that is, a staggered pattern line process It is possible to do.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the shape of a dent when rotation control is added using a ship-bottom dredge tool. In this case, it is possible to perform branch and leaf pattern processing by adding control that rotates alternately at the rotation angle θr.

  Further, by adjusting the air pressure sent to the pneumatic vibrating tool 200, it is possible to easily adjust the hitting strength and the number of vibrations of the tip tool 203. Further, by adjusting the contact distance between the surface 301 and the tip tool 203, it is possible to adjust the strength of hitting. In other words, if the contact distance between the surface 301 and the tip tool 203 is increased, a light hitting point can be formed, and if close (push in), a strong hitting point can be formed.

  As described above, the vibration of the tip tool 203 is performed while the tool axis vector is inclined in the same direction or at a constant angle with respect to the normal vector so as to follow the change in the direction of the normal vector as the machining point advances in the traveling direction. Thus, the surface 301 of the workpiece 300 is hit to cause plastic deformation, and a pattern line can be formed and processed. In addition, by adjusting various processing conditions, it is possible to form dents in various shapes, and to expand the width of correspondence with which pattern lines can be restored.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 11, in the conventional cutting method, the pattern line data is obtained by projecting a pattern line l designed in a planar shape onto the curved surface from the normal direction so that the sheet is placed on the curved surface. I was making it. Since processing is performed based on the pattern line data, the pattern line is always carved with a line segment parallel to the curve, so that only a pattern line having a certain depth k can be processed from the surface of the shape curved surface.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, in the present invention, the center line Lm is calculated from the contour line Ln of the pattern line for the pattern line L having a thickness change like a brush drawn on a two-dimensional plane. . Then, the calculated center line Lm is projected onto the shape curved surface, and pattern line processing data is created in which the line width W in the normal direction of the center line Lm corresponds to the depth from the shape surface. As a result, a pattern line D having a processing depth corresponding to the line width W is formed by performing processing using the machining apparatus based on the pattern line processing data. Is possible.

  The texture is a unique texture of artistic crafts and decorations, not mechanically just pressed, for example, a blurry feeling, soft feeling, delicateness, etc. It is.

  In the present invention, the tip shape of the tip tool 203, the inclination angle and direction that determine the posture of the tip tool 203, the number of vibrations and the hitting strength of the tip tool 203, and the relative feed between the tip tool 203 and the surface 301 of the workpiece 300 Plastic processing is performed on the surface 301 of the workpiece 300 while adjusting parameters of various processing conditions such as speed, distance, and operating conditions. As a result, for example, it is possible to express unprecedented pattern lines by combining processed shapes such as continuous pattern lines, fractured pattern lines, zigzag pattern lines, and branch leaf pattern lines. Can be restored.

  Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to automate the engraving process for applying a pattern line to the surface of an ornament having a free-form surface, that is, the engraving process that is a traditional craft. As a result, the three-dimensional solid curved surface shape processing and the finish processing of the pattern line applied to the surface can be completed by processing in the same process.

  Furthermore, since the pattern line processing can be performed by one scanning, the processing time can be shortened and the processing efficiency can be improved. In addition, since automation by machining becomes possible, it becomes possible to solve the shortage of craftsmen in engraving.

  Further, in the present invention, the pattern line is processed by causing plastic deformation by hitting instead of cutting. Therefore, generation of chips can be prevented. In addition, a post-process such as deburring is not necessary.

  In the present invention, a general-purpose 6-axis NC machine tool 100 is used to perform machining control with 6-axis freedom while using general-purpose cutting software. Therefore, if there is no variation in the shape and amplitude of the tip tool 203 of the pneumatic vibration tool 200 and a certain accuracy can be ensured, the present invention has the same processing accuracy as when a 6-axis NC machine tool is used for cutting. It becomes possible to have. However, as described above, the present invention enables a variety of processing that cannot be performed by simply using a 6-axis NC machine tool for cutting.

  The present invention uses the above-described pneumatic vibration scissors tool 200. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a hitting function may be provided on the scissors tool side or the 6-axis NC machine tool 100 side. It is possible to produce an effect.

  Next, an example in which the workpiece 300 is actually manufactured and the manufactured workpiece 300 is processed by the above-described machining apparatus (machining method) will be described below. In the present embodiment, a result obtained by using a cocoon as the workpiece 300 and decorating the cocoon is shown.

  First, using a data modeled by a three-dimensional CAD / CAM system, a mold for the decoration is processed. Then, using a completed mold, a 100 × 100 × 1.2 (mm) copper plate is pressed to produce a base for the ridge (workpiece 300). The base of the produced cocoon is shown in FIG.

  Subsequently, using a three-dimensional CAD / CAM system, a cocoon pattern is projected onto the modeled cocoon-shaped solid to complete a solid model of the cocoon processed. Then, using the completed solid model, pattern line data to be input to the NC machine tool is created.

  Subsequently, the substrate is actually machined using the created pattern line data. Here, in order to compare the processing results, three kinds of machining methods are used. The first is a machining method in which cutting is performed using a ball end mill having a diameter of 2 mm under three-axis control. The second is the machining method of the present invention using a commercially available pneumatic vibration tool (hereinafter referred to as a commercially available vibration tool). The third is the machining method of the present invention using the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 of the present invention. However, in the present Example, the result of having performed experimental machining by three-axis control is shown.

  First, on the basis of the created pattern line data, the groundwork of the created wrinkle was tested using a ball end mill having a diameter of 2 mm under 3-axis control. The processed result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, it was found that the processed curve had many burrs and the finish was considerably thick.

  Secondly, based on the created pattern line data, the machined method of the present invention using a commercially available vibration tool was subjected to test machining on the created underlay of the kite under the three-axis control. The processed result is shown in FIG. In this case, it was found that the vibration axis was shaken at the time of processing, and the processed curve was blurred as shown in FIG.

  Finally, on the basis of the created pattern line data, the third method is to apply the three-axis control to the foundation of the created kite by the machining method of the present invention using the pneumatic vibration kite tool 200 of the present invention. Test processed. The processed result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, it was recognized that the processed curve itself was smoothly connected to one line so as not to be knocked out.

  Here, the configuration of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200 of the present invention actually used in the present embodiment will be described.

  The pneumatic vibration tool 200 is created by machining with an NC machine tool using data modeled by three-dimensional CAD based on a two-dimensional design drawing. The pneumatic vibration tool 200 has a configuration shown in FIG. Moreover, SUS304 was used for the material of the holder 201, the cap 202, and the tip tool 203.

  In addition, the size of the tip tool 203 was determined so that a force of 29.4 N at least can be engraved. The shape of the tip was a pointed point called a sculptured carp that was actually used for the decorative bracket pattern.

  Subsequently, after assembling the parts and confirming whether the tip tool 203 vibrates, in order to confirm the shape of the dent, the surface of the copper plate was processed while changing the pressure at a constant feed rate. The dent shape on the surface of the processed copper plate at this time is shown in FIG.

  The results indicated by reference signs a to e in FIG. 17 indicate that the feed rate is constant, and the pressures are five in order from a to 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 (MPa). The result when changing is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 17, in the pneumatic vibration tool 200, the frequency increased with the pressure, and as the frequency increased, the carved shape was shortened in the interval between the dents, and it was recognized that the line could be drawn clearly. .

  On the other hand, in the machining shown in FIG. 16, it was found that the feeding speed between the pneumatic vibration scissors tool 200 and the base of the scissors was slow, so that it was difficult to see the dotted line. As shown in FIG. 17, it is considered that the machining shape can be changed in the machining shown in FIG. 16 by changing the pressure of the pneumatic vibrating tool 200.

  In addition, in the machining shown in FIG. 16, it was found that the thickness of the line varies depending on the angle with which the tip tool 203 hits due to the 3-axis control. However, with 6-axis control, a smoother line is machined. It is thought that it is done.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, A various change is possible in the range shown to the claim. That is, embodiments obtained by combining technical means appropriately changed within the scope of the claims are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  The present invention is applicable to shrines and temples in relation to arts and crafts, as well as rings and scissors for engraving and decorative pattern processing, but is not limited to this, and can also be applied to other fields. it can. For example, it can also be used for metal walls such as residential buildings.

It is a functional block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the machining apparatus in this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the pneumatic vibration tool in this invention. In the pneumatic vibration tool, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration when the tip tool is lowered, and (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration when the tip tool is raised. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating each direction when the said pneumatic vibration tool is applied to the surface of a workpiece in the machining method of this invention. It is an enlarged side view which shows the front-end | tip part of the said pneumatic type vibration tool when it sees from the direction parallel to an advancing direction vector at the time of the process in the said machining method. (A) is a side view showing the pneumatic vibration tool and the tapered rotating tool when viewed from a direction parallel to the traveling direction vector during machining in the machining method, and (b) is a vertical vector. It is a side view which shows the said pneumatic type vibration tool and a taper-shaped rotary tool when it sees from a parallel direction. (A) is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a chevron scissors tool, (b) is a figure which shows the shape of the dent by a chevron scissors tool. (A) is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a ship bottom-shaped dredge tool, (b) is a figure which shows the shape of the dent by a ship bottom-shaped dredge tool. It is a figure which shows the zigzag pattern line processed with the Yamagata kite tool. It is a figure which shows the branch-leaf pattern line processed with the ship bottom-shaped dredging tool. It is a figure which shows the process process by the conventional machining method. It is a figure which shows the process process by the machining method of this invention. It is an external view which shows the base of the wrinkle created in order to use for test processing. It is an external view which shows the pattern line cut by the said ball | bowl end mill. It is an external view which shows the pattern line processed with the commercially available vibration tool in the said hook. It is an external view which shows the pattern line processed with the pneumatic type vibration tool of the present invention on the above-mentioned bag. It is a figure which shows the shape of the dent which processed using the pneumatic type vibration tool of this invention, and the feed rate was constant and the pressure was changed.

Explanation of symbols

100 6-axis NC machine tool (cutting machine)
101 Tool path data storage unit (machining data storage unit)
102 Workpiece shape data storage unit (processing data storage unit)
103 Tool shape data storage unit (machining data storage unit)
104 Inclination angle calculation unit (inclination angle calculation means)
105 Tool posture control section (posture control means)
200 Pneumatic vibration tool (vibration tool)
201 Holder 202 Cap 203 Tip tool (tip part)
204 Tool axis 250 Tapered rotary tool 300 Workpiece 301 Surface

Claims (10)

A machining method for machining a surface of a workpiece using a cutting machine capable of automatically machining based on input data,
A first step of mounting a vibration tool whose tip portion vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis on a cutting tool mounting portion of the cutting machine;
Based on the processing pattern data of the pattern to be processed including information on the groove depth, the surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and the tip shape data of the tip of the vibration tool, the tip of the vibration tool is A second step of calculating an inclination angle formed by a tool axis of the vibration tool and a normal of the surface of the workpiece at the contact point when contacting the surface of the workpiece;
A third step of controlling a posture in which the tip of the vibration tool contacts the surface of the workpiece based on the calculated inclination angle;
The pattern described in the machining pattern data is generated by causing plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece by striking the tip of the vibrating tool while controlling the posture of the vibrating tool during the third step. The machining method characterized by forming. The cutting machine performs a relative feed between the vibration tool and the workpiece, and performs machining on the surface of the workpiece.
The said 3rd step WHEREIN: Furthermore, the relative feed rate between the said front-end | tip part and the surface of the said workpiece is controlled with respect to the frequency of the front-end | tip part of the said vibration tool. The machining method according to 1.   2. In the third step, further, the vibration tool is rotated alternately left and right around a direction parallel to the tool axis in synchronization with vibration of a tip portion of the vibration tool. The machining method described in 1.   The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the vibration tool is a pneumatic vibration tool whose tip is vibrated by air pressure.   The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting machine has a machining function with six degrees of freedom. A machining device that performs machining on the surface of a workpiece using a cutting machine capable of automatically machining based on input data,
A vibration tool mounted on a cutting tool mounting portion of the cutting machine, the tip of which vibrates in a direction parallel to the tool axis;
A machining data storage unit that stores at least processing pattern data of a pattern to be processed including information on the groove depth, surface shape data of the surface of the workpiece, and tip shape data of the tip of the vibration tool;
Based on the machining pattern data, the surface shape data, and the tip shape data, the tool axis of the vibration tool at the contact point when the tip of the vibration tool is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece during machining. And an inclination angle calculating means for calculating an inclination angle formed by the normal of the surface of the workpiece and the workpiece,
A posture control means for controlling a posture in which the tip of the vibration tool contacts the surface of the workpiece based on the calculated inclination angle;
While the posture control means controls the posture of the vibration tool, the surface of the workpiece is plastically deformed by striking the tip of the vibrating tool that vibrates, and the pattern described in the machining pattern data The machining apparatus characterized by forming. The cutting machine performs a relative feed between the vibration tool and the workpiece, and performs machining on the surface of the workpiece.
The posture control means further controls a relative feed speed between the tip and the surface of the workpiece with respect to the frequency of the tip of the vibration tool. 6. The machining apparatus according to 6.   The posture control means further rotates the vibration tool alternately left and right about a direction parallel to the tool axis in synchronization with vibration of a tip portion of the vibration tool. The machining apparatus according to.   The machining apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the vibration tool is a pneumatic vibration tool whose tip is vibrated by air pressure.   The machining apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cutting machine has a machining function with six-axis freedom.