JP2008212791A - Treatment apparatus of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment apparatus of waste which is capable of efficiently and finely crushing or cutting a large amount of waste. <P>SOLUTION: The treatment apparatus of waste is provided with a couple of drums 4a, 4b to store waste inside which are arranged so that opening formed at the side trunk parts are opposite to each other, a casing 8 communicating with the openings, and a crushing means 5 equipped with a crushing device 9 to crush the waste supplied into the casing which are arranged between these drums, and a driving means 6 to rotate and drive the drums and the crushing means. The driving means 6 has a rotation driving machine 16 which rotates the drums and the crushing means around the rotation shaft 13 which rotatably supports the drums 4a, 4b and the crushing means 5 integrally, between a first position where one drum 4a is located above the other drum 4b and a second position where one drum 4a is located below the other drum 4b. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus suitable for use in the treatment of wastes that particularly require pulverization and cleaning treatment of medical wastes and the like.

  In large medical facilities such as hospitals, a large amount of medical waste is discharged every day. Examples of the medical waste include various used wastes such as absorbent cotton, non-woven fabrics such as gauze and bandages, infusion bags used for infusion, dialyzer and blood circuit used for dialysis, and syringes (injection needles). is there.

  These various types of waste are usually stored in a single bag, but all of them are likely to have bacteria, microorganisms, or viruses attached to them as pathogens. Before performing, it is necessary to sterilize.

  By the way, as the sterilization treatment for the medical waste, an autoclave for sterilization by pressurized steam of 100 ° C. or higher is generally used. In the sterilization method, air such as absorbent cotton or nonwoven fabric is used. It is difficult to obtain a sufficient sterilization effect for waste containing a large amount. For this reason, the waste is first cut or crushed to a size of 10 mm or less, and then the crushed waste is sterilized by the autoclave.

  On the other hand, in the medical facility, when a certain amount of the medical waste is accumulated, an industrial waste contractor is separately transported to the treatment facility for pulverization and sterilization. Therefore, since there is a concern about growth of bacteria or the like during storage in a medical facility or the like, for example, real-time disposal at a location adjacent to the medical facility is desired.

  Therefore, for example, in Patent Document 1 below, a crushing plate that supports waste and has a crushing blade fixed on the upper surface is provided in a housing having a space for accommodating the waste, and the crushing plate is crushed. A plurality of through holes for allowing the waste discharged to pass downward, and a presser plate for pressing the waste by weight are provided above the crushing plate so as to be movable up and down, and further below the crushing plate Further, a stirring blade for stirring the pulverized waste, a heating means for heating the waste stirred by the stirring blade at a temperature higher than the sterilization temperature, and the pulverizing plate and the stirring blade are rotated. A waste crushing sterilization dryer provided with a motor for the purpose has been proposed.

According to the pulverization and sterilization dryer for waste having the above-described configuration, the waste can be pulverized, sterilized and dried with a single device, so that it can be discarded as it is. Compared with the case where the operation and the sterilization / drying operation are performed by different devices, there is an advantage that the waste can be efficiently processed without moving the waste on the way.
JP-A-11-267600

However, in the conventional pulverization and sterilization dryer described above, various wastes placed in the casing are rotated between the pulverization plate and the press plate, and only the pulverization plate is rotated to pulverize. Since the blade is intended to be pulverized to a size of 10 mm or less at once, there is a problem that clogging is likely to occur in the through-hole for dropping the pulverized waste downward.
In addition, since the amount of waste that can be pulverized at the same time is limited, the processing of a large amount of waste requires a long time and is inefficient. Furthermore, there is a problem that it is difficult to pulverize the waste to the above-mentioned size by one pulverization, and thus it is difficult to obtain a desired sterilization effect by leaving a large-sized waste.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a waste processing apparatus that can efficiently and finely pulverize or cut a large amount of waste, and that can also be sterilized in the same apparatus. It is a problem to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention described in claim 1 includes a pair of drums for storing waste therein, a crushing means integrally provided between the drums, and rotating the drum and the crushing means. The drum is formed in a cylindrical shape in which both ends are closed and an opening is formed in the side body, and an opening / closing provided in the body. The crushing means is provided between the side body portions of the pair of drums, and the end portions are connected to the opening portions formed in the drums, respectively. And a crusher that crushes the waste supplied through the opening into the casing and discharges it to the other drum side, and the drive means includes the drum and crushing means Rotating shaft that supports a single unit The drum and the pulverizing means are arranged around the rotation axis, a first position where one of the drums is located above the other drum, and a second position where the one drum is located below the other drum. And a rotary drive device that rotates between the two positions.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the pair of drums are configured such that the main body portion is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and the opening / closing lid is provided in an end opening. And the opening and closing lid is disposed on the opposite side of the axial direction, and the driving means is configured to connect the drum and the pulverizing means to the first position and the second position. Both the drums are provided so as to rotate between a third position with the axis line oriented in the vertical direction.

  Furthermore, the invention described in claim 3 is the invention described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the crushing means includes a plurality of rotating shafts whose axes are positioned in parallel, and the rotating shafts in both forward and reverse directions. Rotating the adjacent rotating shafts, comprising: a driving device to be rotated; and rotating blades attached to the respective rotating shafts at intervals in the axial direction and having a plurality of grinding blades formed on the outer circumference in the circumferential direction. The blades are shredders that are alternately arranged in the axial direction with their outer peripheral portions overlapping in the axial direction view, and are driven to rotate in opposite directions, and the grinding blade is radially outward. It is formed so as to protrude gradually toward both sides in the direction of rotation.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the rotation shaft of the rotation drive means is provided in a casing of the crushing means. It is.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drum is a pressure vessel, a supply pipe for supplying sterilization vapor therein, and an internal An exhaust pipe for exhausting air is connected.

  In the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, first, an open / close lid of one drum is opened and waste is introduced into the interior, and then the drum and the pulverizing means are integrally rotated about the rotation shaft by the driving means. As a result, the one drum is disposed at the first position above the other drum, and the pulverizer of the pulverizing means is operated. Then, the waste in the one drum falls from the opening to the lower pulverizing means, is pulverized by the pulverizer, and further falls to the other lower drum.

  In this way, after all the waste in the one drum is pulverized by the pulverizer and dropped into the other drum, the drum and the pulverizing means are rotated together again by the driving means, and this time, Is arranged at a second position below the other drum. Then, the pulverized waste in the other drum falls again from the opening to the lower pulverizing means and is further pulverized by the pulverizer to become fine. Subsequently, the finely pulverized waste falls into the one drum located below the pulverizing means.

  In this way, the drum and the crushing means are integrally rotated by the driving means, the upper and lower positions of the drum are sequentially changed, and the waste in the drum located above is crushed by the crushing means and the drum located below. By repeating the operation of dropping to a predetermined number of times, a large amount of waste can be efficiently and finely pulverized or cut without causing clogging or the like.

  Here, the shape of the drum, the installation position of the opening / closing lid, and the like can be selected as appropriate. In particular, as in the invention according to claim 2, each of the drum body portions is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape. If an opening / closing lid is provided at the opening formed at the end, and the opening / closing lids are positioned on opposite sides of the axial direction and the axes are arranged in parallel, the driving means When both drums are stopped at the third position with the axis line oriented in the vertical direction, the open / close lid of one drum is positioned above and the open / close lid of the other drum is positioned below, The input of waste from one side and the discharge of pulverized waste from the other can be easily performed.

Also, as the pulverizing means, various forms can be applied. For example, a shredder like the invention according to claim 3 is suitable.
At this time, since the crushing means is also rotated integrally with the drum, the rotation direction of the rotating shaft for crushing the waste between the rotating blades of the shredder is such that the waste is transferred from one drum to the other drum. The case of falling and the case of waste falling from the other drum to the one drum are in opposite directions, but the pulverizing blade is gradually protruded outward in the radial direction toward both sides in the rotational direction. Since it forms, even if a rotary blade rotates to which direction, a waste material can be reliably bitten between both rotary blades, and can be cut | judged.

  Further, it is possible to select an arbitrary position with respect to the rotation center for rotating the drum and the crushing means, that is, the position on the rotation shaft of the driving means. If it is provided in the casing of the crushing means located between them, the space required for installing the processing apparatus can be minimized, which is preferable.

  Furthermore, in the invention described in claim 5, a pressure vessel capable of holding the interior at atmospheric pressure or higher is used as the drum, a supply pipe for supplying sterilization vapor to the inside, and an exhaust pipe for exhausting internal air; Therefore, the air in the drum for storing the waste finely pulverized by the pulverizing means is exhausted, and the vapor is supplied to finally make the inside pressurized. With the above heating temperature, the waste can be sterilized by autoclave.

1 to 6 show an embodiment in which a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention is applied to a medical waste treatment apparatus. Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a main body of the apparatus.
The apparatus main body 1 is generally composed of a base portion 2 placed on the floor and support portions 3 erected on both sides of the base portion 2. The apparatus main body 1 includes a pair of drums 4a and 4b. The crushing means 5 is rotatably provided, and a driving means 6 for rotating these integrally is provided.

  Here, the drums 4a and 4b are provided with hatch-type opening / closing lids 7a and 7b that can be opened and closed at the other end opening of the main body formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape by closing one end with a mirror plate. It is a pressure vessel that can hold the interior at atmospheric pressure or higher. The drums 4a and 4b are formed with rectangular openings in the side barrels of the main body, and are arranged at intervals with the openings facing each other and with the axes parallel. ing.

  The drums 4a and 4b are arranged with the open / close lids 7a and 7b positioned on the opposite sides in the axial direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, when the drums 4a and 4b have their axes oriented vertically, the open / close lid 7a of one drum 4a is positioned at the top and the open / close lid 7b of the other drum 4b is at the bottom. It is arranged to be located. And the said grinding | pulverization means 5 is integrally provided between these drums 4a and 4b.

This crushing means 5 has a casing 8 and a shredder (crusher) 9 incorporated in the casing 8.
The casing 8 is formed in a rectangular tube having a larger cross section than the opening, and has one end communicating with the opening of the drum 4a and the other end communicating with the opening of the drum 4b. These drums 4a and 4b are connected. Thereby, drum 4a, 4b and the grinding | pulverization means 5 are integrated. A shredder 9 is incorporated in the casing 8.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the shredder 9 is provided with two rotating shafts 10 arranged in parallel with each other in an axial direction so as to be rotatable at a predetermined interval. The rotary blades 11 are attached at equal intervals in the axial direction. Here, the two rotary shafts 10 are arranged between the rotary blades 11 of one rotary shaft 10 with the rotary blades 11 of the other rotary shaft 10 inserted.

  Thereby, these rotary blades 11 are alternately positioned in the axial direction so that their outer peripheral portions overlap each other when viewed in the axial direction. A plurality of crushing blades 11a are formed on the outer periphery of each rotary blade 11 in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 5, each crushing blade 11a has a radial direction of the rotary blade 11 outward, and gradually protrudes to both sides in the rotational direction, that is, protrudes in a bowl shape on both sides in the rotational direction. Is formed.

  On the other hand, a gear 10a meshing with each other is attached to the end of the rotating shaft 10, and one rotating shaft 10 is driven to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise on the outer surface of the casing 8. Thus, a motor 12 (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3) for rotating the two rotary shafts 10 in opposite directions is provided.

  The shredder 9 is placed in the casing 8 with the portions (that is, the front and back sides of FIG. 4) where the rotary blades 11 of both rotary shafts 10 are alternately meshed facing toward the opening side of the drums 4a and 4b, respectively. Has been placed. Thus, when the motor 12 is rotated in the clockwise direction, the waste supplied from the drum 4b side is cut between the rotary blades 11 and discharged to the drum 4a side, and the motor 12 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction. The waste supplied from the drum 4a side is cut between the rotary blades 11 and discharged to the drum 4b side.

  Further, on the outer surface of the opposing side plate of the casing 8 of the crushing means 6, a rotating shaft 13 protruding from these is fixed with their axes aligned. The rotating shaft 13 is supported on the upper portion of the support portion 3 of the apparatus main body 1 via a bearing 14. Thereby, both the drums 4a and 4b and the crushing means 5 are provided in the apparatus main body 1 so as to be integrally rotatable via the rotary shaft 13 and the bearing 14.

  A mounting plate 15 is provided on the upper portion of the support portion 3 where one of the rotating shafts 13 is located, and the driving means for rotating the drums 4a, 4b and the pulverizing means 5 integrally with the mounting plate 15 is provided. 6 is attached. The drive means 6 includes a hydraulic motor (rotation drive) 16 with a speed reduction mechanism provided on the mounting plate 15, a pulley 17 fixed to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 16, and one rotation protruding from the mounting plate 15. A pulley 18 fixed to the shaft 13 and a belt 19 wound between the pulleys 17 and 18 are configured.

Here, the hydraulic motor 16 can rotate the drums 4a, 4b and the crushing means 5 in both forward and reverse directions, and can stop at any position.
Further, a supply pipe (not shown) for supplying sterilization vapor and an exhaust pipe (not shown) for exhausting the internal air are connected to the drums 4a and 4b, respectively. A flexible tube is interposed in the pipe and the exhaust pipe so as to be able to follow the rotation of the drums 4a and 4b.

  In the medical waste treatment apparatus having the above configuration, first, the drums 4a, 4b and the pulverizing means 5 are integrally rotated by the hydraulic motor 16, and both the drums 4a, 4b have their axes as shown in FIG. It stops at a position (third position) oriented in the vertical direction. Then, the opening / closing lid 7a located above the drum 4a is opened as shown by a dotted line in the figure, and after the waste W is introduced into the interior, the opening / closing lid 7a is closed again to seal the inside.

  Next, the drums 4a, 4b and the pulverizing means 5 are integrally rotated 90 ° clockwise by the hydraulic motor 16, thereby bringing one drum 4a above the other drum 4b as shown in FIG. 6 (a). Position (first position). When the shredder 9 is actuated, the waste W in the drum 4a falls from the opening to the lower shredder 9 in the casing 8, and bites downward from both sides by the grinding blade 11a of the rotary blade 11. By being rare, it is cut between the rotary blades 11.

  Next, the cut waste W1 falls in the casing 8 to the lower drum 4b. Then, after all the waste W in the drum 4a is cut by the shredder 9 and dropped into the drum 4b, the drums 4a, 4b and the pulverizing means 5 are again integrally rotated 180 ° counterclockwise by the hydraulic motor 16. Then, the drum 4a is positioned below the drum 4b (second position), and the shredder 9 is operated. At this time, the rotation shaft 10 of the shredder 9 is rotated in the opposite direction to the previous time by switching the rotation direction to the motor 12.

  Then, the waste W1 cut in the drum 4b falls again to the lower shredder 9 from the opening, and is further finely cut by the shredder 9. The finely pulverized waste W2 falls into the drum 4a located below.

  Similarly, after all the waste W1 in the drum 4b is further finely cut by the shredder 9 and dropped into the drum 4a, the drum 4a, 4b and the pulverizing means 5 are integrally rotated counterclockwise by the hydraulic motor 16. When the drum 4a is rotated 90 °, the drum 4a storing the finely cut waste W2 stands with the opening / closing lid 7a positioned downward.

  Next, in this state (or the state shown in FIG. 6B), the air in the drum 4a containing the waste W2 is exhausted through the exhaust pipe, and steam is supplied from the supply pipe to finally form the drum 4a. By putting the inside of the container into a pressurized state, the waste W2 is sterilized by autoclaving at a heating temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. This sterilization by autoclave is performed for about 4 minutes in a temperature atmosphere of 134 ° C., for example. Then, the sterilized waste W2 is discharged by opening the opening / closing lid 7a located at the lower part of the drum 4a.

  Thus, according to the medical waste treatment apparatus, the drums 4a and 4b and the pulverizing means 5 are integrally rotated by the hydraulic motor 16 so that the upper and lower positions of the drums 4a and 4b are sequentially changed and positioned above. By repeating the operation of pulverizing the waste W (W1) in the drum 4a (4b) with the shredder 9 and dropping it to the drum 4b (4a) positioned below, without causing clogging or the like, A large amount of waste W can be efficiently cut into small pieces of waste W2 having dimensions suitable for autoclave processing. In addition, sterilization can be performed as it is in the same drum 4a, 4b.

  The drums 4a and 4b are each formed in a cylindrical shape with a bottom, and open / close lids 7a and 7b are provided at the open ends, and the open / close lids 7a and 7b are positioned on opposite sides in the axial direction. In this state, since the axes are arranged parallel to each other, when both the drums 4a and 4b are stopped at the third position by the hydraulic motor 16, the opening / closing lid 7a of one drum 4a (4b) is provided. (7b) is located on the upper side and the open / close lid 7b (7a) on the other drum 4b (4a) is located on the lower side, so that the waste W from one side and the crushed waste from the other side It is possible to easily discharge W2.

It is a front view showing one embodiment of a waste disposal device concerning the present invention. It is a top view of FIG. It is the side view seen in the III-III line of FIG. It is a top view which shows the shredder of FIG. It is a front view which shows a part of rotary blade of the shredder of FIG. It is a front view which shows the operating state of the processing apparatus of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Apparatus main body 4a, 4b Drum 5 Crushing means 6 Drive means 7a, 7b Opening-closing lid 8 Casing 9 Shredder (crusher)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 13 Rotating shaft 11 Rotating blade 11a Crushing blade 16 Hydraulic motor with reduction mechanism (rotary drive)

Claims (5)

A pair of drums for storing waste therein, a crushing means provided integrally between the drums, and a driving means for rotationally driving the drum and the crushing means,
Each of the drums has a main body portion that is formed in a cylindrical shape in which both ends are closed and an opening is formed in a side body portion thereof, and an opening / closing lid provided in the main body portion. Are placed facing each other,
The pulverizing means is provided between the side body portions of the pair of drums, and the end portions are respectively connected to the openings formed in the drums, and the casing is supplied through the openings. A crusher for crushing the waste and discharging it to the other drum side,
The driving means includes a rotating shaft that rotatably supports the drum and the pulverizing means integrally, and the drum and the pulverizing means are disposed around the rotating shaft, and one drum is positioned above the other drum. 1. A waste processing apparatus, comprising: a rotary drive device that rotates between one position and a second position where the one drum is positioned below the other drum.   In the pair of drums, the main body portions are each formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, the opening / closing lid is provided in an end opening, the axes of the two are parallel, and the opening / closing lid is on the opposite side in the axial direction. The driving means includes the drum and the pulverizing means, the first position and the second position, and the third position in which both the drums have the axis line in the vertical direction. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment apparatus is provided to rotate between the two.   The crushing means is attached to a plurality of rotating shafts whose axes are parallel to each other, a driving device that rotates the rotating shafts in both forward and reverse directions, and each rotating shaft spaced apart in the axial direction. A rotating blade having a plurality of grinding blades formed in the circumferential direction, and the rotating blades of the adjacent rotating shafts are alternately arranged in the axial direction with their outer peripheral portions overlapping in the axial direction view. A shredder that is rotationally driven in directions opposite to each other, and the crushing blade is formed so as to gradually protrude outward in the radial direction toward both sides in the radial direction. Item 3. A waste disposal apparatus according to Item 1 or 2.   The waste processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a rotation shaft of the rotation driving means is provided in the casing of the crushing means.   5. The drum according to claim 1, wherein the drum is a pressure vessel, and is connected to a supply pipe for supplying sterilizing steam and an exhaust pipe for exhausting the internal air. The waste disposal apparatus described in 1.

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