JP2008194682A - Metal film forming method and metal film obtained by the same - Google Patents

Metal film forming method and metal film obtained by the same Download PDF

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JP2008194682A
JP2008194682A JP2008009305A JP2008009305A JP2008194682A JP 2008194682 A JP2008194682 A JP 2008194682A JP 2008009305 A JP2008009305 A JP 2008009305A JP 2008009305 A JP2008009305 A JP 2008009305A JP 2008194682 A JP2008194682 A JP 2008194682A
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metal film
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JP5157468B2 (en
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Reiko Izumi
礼子 泉
Toshiharu Hayashi
年治 林
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a metal film having a drastically lowered electric resistance as compared with a film formed only by heating. <P>SOLUTION: A metal colloid particle comprises a metal particle and a protecting agent coordinated on the surface of the metal particle. The protecting agent has a carbon skeleton containing one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in a molecule, and has a structure wherein one or more selected from the group consisting of an atom group containing nitrogen and an atom group containing oxygen are coordinated on the surface of the metal particle as an anchor. The protecting agent contains a hydroxyl alkyl group in a molecular structure. A metal film forming method comprises the steps of coating the surface of a substrate with a metal colloid formed by mixing and dispersing the metal colloid particles in an aqueous or non-aqueous dispersing medium or a dispersing medium made by mixing the two dispersing mediums at a specified ratio, naturally drying the substrate to remove the dispersing medium in the metal colloid, irradiating the substrate with infrared lays to heat to 40-200°C, and keeping the temperature for 10-60 minutes to form a metal film on the surface of the substrate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、高温で加熱することなく、金属コロイドを用いて金属膜を形成するための方法及び該方法により得られる金属膜に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for forming a metal film using a metal colloid without heating at a high temperature, and a metal film obtained by the method.

導電性を有する金属膜を形成する方法として、本出願人らは、所定の構造を有する金属コロイドを基材に塗布、吹付け、印刷、吐出又は転写した後、金属コロイドを有する基材を所定の雰囲気下、15〜450℃の温度で1〜60分間保持することによって得られる比抵抗1×10-3Ω・cm以下の導電膜付き基材を開示している(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
国際公開2006/001315号パンフレット(第97〜100頁段落[0223]〜[0226]、請求の範囲[27]、[69])
As a method for forming a conductive metal film, the present applicants apply a metal colloid having a predetermined structure to a substrate, spray, print, discharge, or transfer, and then specify the substrate having the metal colloid. In the atmosphere, a substrate with a conductive film having a specific resistance of 1 × 10 −3 Ω · cm or less obtained by holding at a temperature of 15 to 450 ° C. for 1 to 60 minutes is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1). .)
International Publication No. 2006/001315 (paragraphs [0223] to [0226], pages 97 to 100, claims [27] and [69])

しかしながら、上記特許文献1に示される導電膜付き基材の製造方法では、300℃を越えるような高い温度で加熱して導電膜を得る場合、膜を形成する基材の材質が制限されるといった問題を有していた。   However, in the method for producing a substrate with a conductive film disclosed in Patent Document 1, when a conductive film is obtained by heating at a high temperature exceeding 300 ° C., the material of the substrate on which the film is formed is limited. Had a problem.

本発明の目的は、加熱のみによる膜形成に比べて、電気抵抗を大幅に低減した金属膜を形成できる、金属膜形成方法及び該方法により得られる金属膜を提供することにある。
本発明の別の目的は、低温での加熱にも関わらず、金属コロイド中に含まれる、金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものが有する電気抵抗に近い電気抵抗を有する金属膜を形成できる、金属膜形成方法及び該方法により得られる金属膜を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a metal film formation method and a metal film obtained by the method, which can form a metal film having a significantly reduced electric resistance as compared with film formation only by heating.
Another object of the present invention is to form a metal film having an electric resistance close to the electric resistance of the metal itself constituting the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid despite the heating at a low temperature. A forming method and a metal film obtained by the method are provided.

請求項1に係る発明は、金属コロイド粒子が金属粒子と粒子表面に配位修飾した保護剤とにより構成され、保護剤が分子中に窒素又は酸素のいずれか一方又はその双方を含む炭素骨格を有し、かつ窒素、酸素、窒素を含む原子団及び酸素を含む原子団からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に配位修飾した構造を有し、保護剤がハイドロキシアルキル基を分子構造に含み、金属コロイド粒子を水系又は非水系のいずれか一方の分散媒又はその双方を混合した分散媒に所定の割合で混合して分散させた金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布する工程と、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去する工程と、基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、基材表面に金属膜を形成する工程とを含むことを特徴とする金属膜形成方法である。
請求項1に係る発明では、上記構造を有する金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布し、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去した後、基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、赤外線を照射せずに加熱のみで膜形成した場合に比べて、電気抵抗値を大幅に低減した金属膜を形成できる。また、低温での加熱にも関わらず、金属コロイド中に含まれる金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものが有する電気抵抗に近い電気抵抗を有する金属膜を形成できる。
The invention according to claim 1 comprises a carbon skeleton in which metal colloidal particles are composed of metal particles and a protective agent coordinated and modified on the particle surface, and the protective agent contains one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule. And having a structure in which the surface of the metal particle is coordinately modified with one or more selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, an atomic group containing nitrogen and an atomic group containing oxygen as an anchor, and a protective agent The surface of the substrate contains a metal colloid that contains a hydroxyalkyl group in the molecular structure and is dispersed by mixing the metal colloidal particles in an aqueous dispersion medium or non-aqueous dispersion medium or a dispersion medium in which both are mixed. The step of applying to the substrate, the step of removing the dispersion medium in the coated metal colloid by natural drying, the substrate being irradiated with infrared rays, heated to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., and held for 10 to 60 minutes Yo A metal film forming method which comprises a step of forming a metal film on the substrate surface.
In the invention which concerns on Claim 1, after apply | coating the metal colloid which has the said structure to a base-material surface, and removing the dispersion medium in the apply | coated metal colloid by natural drying, infrared rays are irradiated to a base material, and 40 to 200 degreeC. By heating to this temperature and holding for 10 to 60 minutes, a metal film having a significantly reduced electrical resistance value can be formed compared to the case where the film is formed only by heating without irradiating infrared rays. In addition, despite the heating at a low temperature, it is possible to form a metal film having an electrical resistance close to that of the metal itself that constitutes the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid.

請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、赤外線照射に使用する赤外線のピーク波長が、1.00〜2.20μmであることを特徴とする金属膜形成方法である。
請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、保護剤に含まれる窒素が、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とする金属膜形成方法である。
請求項4に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、保護剤に含まれる酸素が、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルデヒド基及びアミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とする金属膜形成方法である。
請求項5に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子が、Au、Ag、Pt、Cu、Pd、Ni、Zn、Ru、Rh、In及びIrからなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上である金属膜形成方法である。
請求項6に係る発明は、請求項1又は請求項5に係る発明であって、金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子が、Auである金属膜形成方法である。
請求項7に係る発明は、請求項1又は請求項5に係る発明であって、金属コロイド粒子の平均粒子径が、1〜60nmの範囲にある金属膜形成方法である。
請求項8に係る発明は、請求項1又は請求項5に係る発明であって、金属コロイド粒子の形状が、球形、多角状又はアメーバ状を有する粒状粒子である金属膜形成方法である。
請求項9に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、金属コロイドの基材への塗布方法が、塗布、吹付け、印刷、吐出及び転写のいずれか1種又は2種以上の方法である金属膜形成方法である。
請求項10に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、金属コロイドの基材への塗布方法が、インクジェット方式、ディスペンサ方式、スクリーン印刷方式、反転印刷方式、スリットコート方式及びスプレー方式からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上の方法である金属膜形成方法である。
請求項11に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、基材が、ガラス、プラスチック、金属、木材、タイルを含むセラミック、セメント、コンクリート、石、繊維、紙及び皮革からなる群より選ばれた材質である金属膜形成方法である。
請求項12に係る発明は、請求項1ないし11いずれか1項に記載の金属膜形成方法により得られた金属膜である。
請求項13に係る発明は、請求項12に記載の金属膜を含む太陽電池である。
The invention according to claim 2 is the metal film forming method according to claim 1, wherein the peak wavelength of infrared rays used for infrared irradiation is 1.00 to 2.20 μm.
The invention according to claim 3 is the metal film according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen contained in the protective agent is derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an amide group, and an imide group. It is a forming method.
The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen contained in the protective agent is derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, and an amide group. This is a method for forming a metal film.
The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles are made of Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Pd, Ni, Zn, Ru, Rh, In, and Ir. It is a metal film formation method which is 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from the group which consists of.
The invention according to claim 6 is the metal film forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles are Au.
The invention according to claim 7 is the metal film forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the average particle diameter of the metal colloid particles is in the range of 1 to 60 nm.
The invention according to claim 8 is the metal film forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the metal colloidal particles are granular particles having a spherical shape, a polygonal shape or an amoeba shape.
The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the method of applying the metal colloid to the substrate is one or more of coating, spraying, printing, discharging, and transferring. This is a metal film forming method.
The invention according to claim 10 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the method for applying the metal colloid to the base material is from an inkjet method, a dispenser method, a screen printing method, a reverse printing method, a slit coating method, and a spray method. A metal film forming method which is one or more methods selected from the group consisting of:
The invention according to claim 11 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of glass, plastic, metal, wood, ceramics including tile, cement, concrete, stone, fiber, paper, and leather. This is a method for forming a metal film which is a selected material.
The invention according to claim 12 is a metal film obtained by the metal film forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
The invention according to claim 13 is a solar cell including the metal film according to claim 12.

本発明の金属膜形成方法は、金属コロイド粒子が金属粒子と粒子表面に配位修飾した保護剤とにより構成され、保護剤が分子中に窒素又は酸素のいずれか一方又はその双方を含む炭素骨格を有し、かつ窒素、酸素、窒素を含む原子団及び酸素を含む原子団からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に配位修飾した構造を有し、保護剤がハイドロキシアルキル基を分子構造に含み、金属コロイド粒子を水系又は非水系のいずれか一方の分散媒又はその双方を混合した分散媒に所定の割合で混合して分散させた金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布した後、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去した後、基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、赤外線を照射せずに加熱のみで膜形成した場合に比べて、電気抵抗を大幅に低減した金属膜を形成できる。なお、赤外線照射に使用する赤外線のピーク波長を1.00〜2.20μmの範囲にすることにより、有機物である金属粒子表面に配位した保護剤が金属表面から脱離しやすくなり、金属粒子同士が焼結しやすくなる。また、200℃以下と低温での加熱にも関わらず、金属コロイド中に含まれる金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものが有する電気抵抗に近い電気抵抗を有する金属膜を形成できる。   The metal film forming method of the present invention comprises a carbon skeleton in which metal colloidal particles are composed of metal particles and a protective agent coordinated on the particle surface, and the protective agent contains one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule. And having a structure in which the surface of the metal particle is coordinated and modified with one or more selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, nitrogen-containing atomic groups and oxygen-containing atomic groups as anchors The base material is a metal colloid in which the agent contains a hydroxyalkyl group in the molecular structure, and the metal colloid particles are mixed and dispersed at a predetermined ratio in either a water-based or non-aqueous dispersion medium or a mixture of both. After being applied to the surface, after removing the dispersion medium in the applied metal colloid by natural drying, the substrate is irradiated with infrared rays, heated to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., and held for 10 to 60 minutes, Compared with the case where the film formed by heating only without irradiating an outside line, to form a greatly reduced metal film electric resistor. In addition, by setting the peak wavelength of infrared rays used for infrared irradiation in the range of 1.00 to 2.20 μm, the protective agent coordinated on the surface of the metal particles, which is an organic substance, can be easily detached from the metal surface. Becomes easier to sinter. In addition, despite the heating at a low temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, a metal film having an electrical resistance close to the electrical resistance of the metal itself constituting the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid can be formed.

次に本発明を実施するための最良の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
本発明の方法において使用する金属コロイドは、金属コロイド粒子を水系又は非水系のいずれか一方の分散媒又はその双方を混合した分散媒に所定の割合で混合して分散させることにより形成される。金属コロイドを構成する金属コロイド粒子は、金属粒子と粒子表面に配位修飾した保護剤とにより構成される。また金属粒子表面に配位修飾した保護剤は、分子中に窒素又は酸素のいずれか一方又はその双方を含む炭素骨格を有し、かつ窒素、酸素、窒素を含む原子団及び酸素を含む原子団からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に配位修飾した構造を有する。更に保護剤はハイドロキシアルキル基を分子構造に含む。
Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The metal colloid used in the method of the present invention is formed by mixing and dispersing metal colloidal particles in a predetermined ratio in either a water-based or non-aqueous dispersion medium or a dispersion medium obtained by mixing both. The metal colloid particles constituting the metal colloid are composed of metal particles and a protective agent coordinated on the surface of the particles. Further, the protective agent coordinate-modified on the surface of the metal particle has a carbon skeleton containing either one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule, and nitrogen, oxygen, an atomic group containing nitrogen, and an atomic group containing oxygen It has the structure which coordinate-modified on the metal particle surface by using 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from the group consisting of as anchors. Furthermore, the protective agent contains a hydroxyalkyl group in the molecular structure.

このように、金属膜を形成する金属コロイド中の金属コロイド粒子を構成する保護剤が分子中に窒素又は酸素のいずれか一方又はその双方を含む炭素骨格を有し、かつ窒素、酸素、窒素を含む原子団及び酸素を含む原子団からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に強固に配位修飾した構造を有しているので、この金属コロイド粒子を分散媒に分散させた金属コロイドは極めて高い安定性が得られる。この結果、高濃度の金属コロイドとすることができ、粘度変化も少ない。また保護剤の分子構造中に含まれるハイドロキシアルキル基は反応性が高いため、あらゆる基材に対して化学結合をする。具体的には、図1に示すように、保護剤の一端がXで表される保護剤配位修飾部位をアンカーとして金属粒子(図1ではAu粒子)表面に結合することによって、金属粒子表面に対しては保護剤が強固に結合されるため、金属コロイド自体の安定性が得られる。また保護剤の他端に位置するRで表される保護剤末端部位がコロイド最表面となり、この保護剤末端部位を反応性の高いハイドロキシアルキル基としたため、基材との密着性に優れる。   Thus, the protective agent constituting the metal colloid particles in the metal colloid forming the metal film has a carbon skeleton containing either one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule, and nitrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are contained. The metal colloidal particles have a structure in which the surface of the metal particles is strongly coordinated and modified with one or more selected from the group consisting of an atomic group containing oxygen and an atomic group containing oxygen as an anchor. The metal colloid dispersed in is very stable. As a result, a high concentration of metal colloid can be obtained, and the viscosity change is small. Moreover, since the hydroxyalkyl group contained in the molecular structure of the protective agent is highly reactive, it chemically bonds to any substrate. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface of the metal particle is bonded to the surface of the metal particle (Au particle in FIG. 1) using the protective agent coordination modification site represented by X as an anchor, as an anchor. Since the protective agent is firmly bonded to the metal, the stability of the metal colloid itself can be obtained. Moreover, since the protective agent terminal site | part represented by R located in the other end of a protective agent becomes a colloid outermost surface, and this protective agent terminal site | part was made into the highly reactive hydroxyalkyl group, it is excellent in adhesiveness with a base material.

保護剤がXで表される保護剤配位修飾部位をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に結合していることは、例えば、核磁気共鳴分析(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance;NMR)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(Gel Permeation Chromatography;GPC)、示差熱同時分析(Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis;TG−DTA)、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(Fourier Tranceform Infrared Spectroscopy;FT−IR)、電子分光分析装置(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;XPS)、飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析(Time Of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry;TOF−SIMS)、X線小角散乱分析(Small Angle X-ray Scattering;SAXS)、可視紫外分光(visible,ultraviolet Spectroscopy)、ラマン分光(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering;SERS)、X線吸収分光(X-ray Abs orption Fine Structure;XAFS)等の分析手段などによって確認することができる。上記分析手段により、保護剤がどのような元素又はどのような原子団によってアンカーされているかも確認することができる。   The fact that the protective agent is bonded to the surface of the metal particle using the protective agent coordination modification site represented by X as an anchor is, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (Gel Permeation Chromatography). GPC), Thermal Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electron Spectrometer (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) XPS), Time Of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Visible Ultraviolet Spectroscopy , Raman spectroscopy (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering; SERS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), etc. It can be confirmed by such. By the above analysis means, it is possible to confirm what element or what atomic group the protective agent is anchored to.

また、金属粒子同士は自発的に自己組織化して最密充填を行い、反応性の官能基との間で縮合反応する。従って、このような金属コロイド粒子を用いた金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布して得られる金属膜は強度が高く、粒子間で有機−無機ハイブリッドバルク化するものと考えられるため、反応しない保護剤からなる金属コロイド、もしくは反応性の低い保護剤からなる金属コロイドを用いて作製した金属コロイド含有塗膜形成物に比べると比較的膜強度が高い。   In addition, the metal particles spontaneously self-assemble to perform close-packing and undergo a condensation reaction with reactive functional groups. Therefore, since the metal film obtained by applying a metal colloid using such metal colloid particles to the substrate surface has high strength and is considered to be an organic-inorganic hybrid bulk between the particles, a protective agent that does not react. Compared to a metal colloid containing a metal colloid comprising a metal colloid comprising a metal colloid comprising a protective agent having a low reactivity or a metal colloid comprising a protective agent having a low reactivity, the film strength is relatively high.

本発明の形成方法では、上記性質を有する金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布し、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去した後、基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、赤外線を照射せずに加熱のみで膜形成した場合に比べて、電気抵抗を大幅に低減した金属膜ができる。現時点ではその技術的理由は解明されていないが、赤外線を照射することにより、有機物である金属粒子表面に配位した保護剤が金属表面から脱離しやすくなり、金属粒子同士が焼結しやすくなるためと推察される。また、200℃以下と低温での加熱にも関わらず、金属コロイド中に含まれる金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものが有する電気抵抗に近い電気抵抗を有する金属膜を形成できる。   In the formation method of the present invention, the metal colloid having the above properties is applied to the surface of the substrate, the dispersion medium in the applied metal colloid is removed by natural drying, and then the substrate is irradiated with infrared rays at 40 ° C. to 200 ° C. By heating to a temperature and holding for 10 to 60 minutes, a metal film having a significantly reduced electrical resistance can be obtained compared to the case where a film is formed only by heating without irradiating infrared rays. At this time, the technical reason has not been elucidated, but by irradiating infrared rays, the protective agent coordinated on the surface of the metal particles, which is an organic substance, is easily detached from the metal surface, and the metal particles are easily sintered. This is probably because of this. In addition, despite the heating at a low temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, a metal film having an electrical resistance close to the electrical resistance of the metal itself constituting the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid can be formed.

本発明において使用する金属コロイドにおいて、金属コロイド粒子を構成する保護剤に含まれる窒素としては、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とすることが好適である。また、金属コロイド粒子を構成する保護剤に含まれる酸素は、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルデヒド基及びアミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とすることが好適である。   In the metal colloid used in the present invention, the nitrogen contained in the protective agent constituting the metal colloid particles is preferably derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an amide group and an imide group. is there. Moreover, it is preferable that the oxygen contained in the protective agent constituting the metal colloidal particle is derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, and an amide group.

金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子の金属種としては、例えば、Au、Ag、Pt、Cu、Pd、Ni、Zn、Ru、Rh、In及びIrからなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。このうち、Auが特に好ましい。これらの金属粒子を生成させる金属化合物としては、塩化金酸、シアン化金カリウム、塩化銀、硝酸銀、硫酸銀、シアン化銀、塩化白金酸、テトラクロロヘキサアミン白金、硝酸パラジウム、塩化パラジウム、塩化イリジウム酸、塩化イリジウム、塩化ルテニウム、硝酸ルテニウム、塩化ロジウム、硝酸ロジウム、硫酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル、酢酸銅、塩化亜鉛、塩化インジウムなどの金属塩を用いることができる。還元剤としては、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、トリメチルアミンボラン、ジメチルアミンボラン、ターシャリーブチルアミンボラン、2級アミン、3級アミン、次亜リン酸塩、グリセリン、アルコール、過酸化水素、ヒドラジン、硫酸ヒドラジン、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液、酒石酸塩、ブドウ糖、N−N−ジエチルグリシンナトリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸ガス、硫酸第1鉄などを用いることができる。   Examples of the metal species of the metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles include one or more selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Pd, Ni, Zn, Ru, Rh, In, and Ir. Is mentioned. Of these, Au is particularly preferable. Metal compounds that produce these metal particles include chloroauric acid, potassium gold cyanide, silver chloride, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver cyanide, chloroplatinic acid, tetrachlorohexaamine platinum, palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, chloride. Metal salts such as iridium acid, iridium chloride, ruthenium chloride, ruthenium nitrate, rhodium chloride, rhodium nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, copper acetate, zinc chloride, and indium chloride can be used. As reducing agents, sodium borohydride, trimethylamine borane, dimethylamine borane, tertiary butylamine borane, secondary amine, tertiary amine, hypophosphite, glycerin, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, formaldehyde An aqueous solution, tartrate, glucose, NN-diethylglycine sodium, sodium sulfite, sulfite gas, ferrous sulfate, or the like can be used.

金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子の平均粒子径は1〜60nmの範囲内が好適である。また、金属コロイド粒子の形状は球状、多角状又はアメーバ状を有する粒状粒子である。特に、本発明で使用する金属コロイド粒子は、粒子径が例えば0.1〜60nmであるものは安定性に優れる。粒子径が60nmより大きいと自重によって自然沈降する現象が見られる。また粒子径が0.1nm未満では比表面積が大きくなりすぎ、有機物である保護剤の割合が増え、導電性が著しく悪くなる。   The average particle diameter of the metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles is preferably in the range of 1 to 60 nm. The colloidal metal particles are granular particles having a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, or an amoeba shape. In particular, the colloidal metal particles used in the present invention are excellent in stability when the particle diameter is, for example, 0.1 to 60 nm. When the particle diameter is larger than 60 nm, a phenomenon of spontaneous precipitation due to its own weight is observed. On the other hand, if the particle diameter is less than 0.1 nm, the specific surface area becomes too large, the proportion of the protective agent which is an organic substance increases, and the conductivity is remarkably deteriorated.

本発明において使用する金属コロイドは前述したように高い安定性を有するため高濃度とすることができる。従来の方法によって得られる金属コロイド濃度は概ね1重量%以下であるが、本発明において使用する金属コロイドは濃度10重量%以上の高濃度にすることができる。しかも、このような高濃度の金属コロイドにおいてもコロイド液が安定であり、前述したように粘度変化が小さい。例えば、金属粒子がAuを含む金属コロイドの場合、Au濃度は0.1〜95重量%の範囲内で安定であり、分散媒には有機溶剤でも水でも扱うことができる。金属コロイド中のAu濃度は、10〜60重量%の範囲内がより好ましい。   Since the metal colloid used in the present invention has high stability as described above, the concentration can be increased. The metal colloid concentration obtained by the conventional method is generally 1% by weight or less, but the metal colloid used in the present invention can be made to a high concentration of 10% by weight or more. Moreover, even in such a high concentration of metal colloid, the colloid liquid is stable and the viscosity change is small as described above. For example, when the metal particle is a metal colloid containing Au, the Au concentration is stable within a range of 0.1 to 95% by weight, and the dispersion medium can be handled with either an organic solvent or water. The Au concentration in the metal colloid is more preferably in the range of 10 to 60% by weight.

金属コロイド粒子の製造方法は特に限定されず、金属コロイド粒子に対する上記結合構造が得られる製造方法であれば良いが、具体的な製法の一例としては、非水系において、アミノアルコールと金属化合物とを混合し、還元剤の存在下で金属化合物を還元することによって、窒素をアンカーとして上記アミノアルコールからなる保護剤が金属粒子表面に結合した金属コロイド粒子を得ることができる。   The method for producing the metal colloidal particles is not particularly limited as long as it is a production method capable of obtaining the above-described bonding structure with respect to the metal colloidal particles. By mixing and reducing the metal compound in the presence of a reducing agent, metal colloidal particles in which the protective agent composed of the amino alcohol is bonded to the surface of the metal particles using nitrogen as an anchor can be obtained.

本発明の金属膜の形成方法では、先ず、金属コロイドを基材に塗布、吹付け、印刷、吐出及び転写からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上の方法により塗布する。塗布する方法としては、インクジェット方式、ディスペンサ方式、スクリーン印刷方式、反転印刷方式、スリットコート方式及びスプレー方式からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上の方法が挙げられる。使用される基材としては、ガラスやプラスチック、金属、木材、タイルを含むセラミック、セメント、コンクリート、石、繊維、紙、皮革などの材料が挙げられる。次いで、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去する。自然乾燥により金属コロイドに含まれる分散媒を取り除くことによって、低抵抗の金属膜を形成しやすくする。   In the method for forming a metal film of the present invention, first, a metal colloid is applied to a substrate by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of coating, spraying, printing, ejection and transfer. Examples of the application method include one or more methods selected from the group consisting of an inkjet method, a dispenser method, a screen printing method, a reverse printing method, a slit coating method, and a spray method. Examples of the substrate to be used include materials such as glass, plastic, metal, wood, ceramic including tile, cement, concrete, stone, fiber, paper, and leather. Next, the dispersion medium in the applied metal colloid is removed by natural drying. By removing the dispersion medium contained in the metal colloid by natural drying, a low-resistance metal film is easily formed.

次に、塗布した金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去した基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、基材表面に金属膜を形成する。温度を200℃以下としたのは、200℃を越えても、金属コロイド中に含まれる金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものに近い電気抵抗を有する金属膜を形成することはできるが、耐熱温度が200℃に満たない基材への塗膜ができないからである。また、温度を40℃以上としたのは、40℃に満たない温度では、形成される金属膜に所望の導電性が発現しないためである。また保持時間を10〜60分間としたのは、保持時間が10分未満では、溶解或いは保護剤の分解或いは脱離が不十分であるか、焼結が不十分であるために所望の導電性が発現しない場合があるからである。また保持時間が60分間を越えても、得られる金属の電気抵抗値はさほど変わらないため、生産性やコストの面で好ましくない。このうち、赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、10〜40分間保持することが好ましい。また、赤外線照射に使用する赤外線は、ピーク波長が1.00〜2.20μmの範囲であるものが好ましい。1.00μm未満では得られる金属の電気抵抗値はさほど変わらないため、生産性やコストの面で好ましくなく、2.20μmを越えると効果が十分に得られないからである。   Next, the base material from which the dispersion medium in the coated metal colloid has been removed by natural drying is irradiated with infrared rays, heated to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., and held for 10 to 60 minutes, whereby a metal is applied to the surface of the base material. A film is formed. The reason why the temperature is set to 200 ° C. or lower is that even when the temperature exceeds 200 ° C., a metal film having an electric resistance close to that of the metal itself constituting the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid can be formed. This is because a coating film on a substrate less than 200 ° C. cannot be formed. The reason why the temperature is set to 40 ° C. or higher is that desired conductivity is not exhibited in the formed metal film at a temperature lower than 40 ° C. Further, the holding time was set to 10 to 60 minutes because if the holding time was less than 10 minutes, the dissolution or the decomposition or desorption of the protective agent was insufficient or the sintering was insufficient, so that the desired conductivity was obtained. This is because may not be expressed. Even if the holding time exceeds 60 minutes, the electric resistance value of the obtained metal does not change so much, which is not preferable in terms of productivity and cost. Among these, it is preferable to heat to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C. by infrared irradiation and hold for 10 to 40 minutes. Moreover, the infrared rays used for infrared irradiation preferably have a peak wavelength in the range of 1.00 to 2.20 μm. If the thickness is less than 1.00 μm, the electric resistance value of the obtained metal does not change so much, which is not preferable in terms of productivity and cost, and if it exceeds 2.20 μm, sufficient effects cannot be obtained.

本発明に係る形成方法により得られた本発明の金属膜は、金属コロイド中に含まれる金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属そのものが有する電気抵抗に近い電気抵抗を有する。具体的には1×10-3Ω・cm以下の低抵抗の金属膜となる。本発明の金属膜は、配線材として使用することができる。 The metal film of the present invention obtained by the forming method according to the present invention has an electrical resistance close to that of the metal itself constituting the metal colloid particles contained in the metal colloid. Specifically, it becomes a metal film having a low resistance of 1 × 10 −3 Ω · cm or less. The metal film of the present invention can be used as a wiring material.

また本発明の金属膜は、太陽電池の電極やモジュールのリード線に好適に用いることができる。本発明の金属膜を用いて形成される太陽電池は、簡便な低温雰囲気処理によって、金属そのものに近い電気抵抗値を有する金属膜により形成させるため、従来の塗布型の金属ペーストからなる金属膜では達成し得なかった低抵抗化膜を有するという点で優れている。   Moreover, the metal film of this invention can be used suitably for the lead wire of the electrode of a solar cell, or a module. The solar cell formed using the metal film of the present invention is formed by a metal film having an electrical resistance value close to that of the metal itself by a simple low-temperature atmosphere treatment. It is excellent in that it has a low resistance film that could not be achieved.

次に本発明の実施例を比較例とともに詳しく説明する。
<合成1>
金属塩として塩化金酸を、保護剤前駆体として2−アミノエタノールを、還元剤としてジメチルアミンボランをそれぞれ用意した。先ず、2−アミノエタノール5.00gにジメチルアミンボランを適量添加した。また、金属濃度が4.0重量%になるように塩化金酸を溶解したメタノール液を徐々に投入して混合溶液を調製した。この混合溶液の調製は60℃に保温し、混合溶液をマグネチックスターラーで攪拌しながら行い、金属コロイド粒子が生成して赤色を呈するまで還元反応させた。次に、還元反応を終えた混合溶液を室温にまで冷却し、冷却後、混合溶液を限外濾過法により脱塩を行い、水を分散媒とした金属コロイドを得た。この金属コロイドに水に適宜添加して濃度を調製し、金属コロイド粒子を水に分散させた濃度50重量%金属コロイドを得た。
得られた金属コロイドをTOF−SIMS分析したところ、AuとCNからなるクラスターイオンが優勢に検出された。更に、NMR(C,H)により分析した結果を併せることにより、金属コロイド中の金属コロイド粒子を構成する保護剤分子は、窒素にてAu粒子表面に配位修飾していることが判った。
Next, examples of the present invention will be described in detail together with comparative examples.
<Synthesis 1>
Chloroauric acid was prepared as a metal salt, 2-aminoethanol as a protective agent precursor, and dimethylamine borane as a reducing agent. First, an appropriate amount of dimethylamine borane was added to 5.00 g of 2-aminoethanol. Further, a methanol solution in which chloroauric acid was dissolved was gradually added so that the metal concentration was 4.0% by weight to prepare a mixed solution. This mixed solution was kept at 60 ° C., and the mixed solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and a reduction reaction was carried out until metal colloid particles were formed and turned red. Next, the mixed solution after the reduction reaction was cooled to room temperature, and after cooling, the mixed solution was desalted by an ultrafiltration method to obtain a metal colloid using water as a dispersion medium. The concentration was adjusted by appropriately adding water to the metal colloid to obtain a metal colloid having a concentration of 50% by weight in which the metal colloid particles were dispersed in water.
When the obtained metal colloid was analyzed by TOF-SIMS, cluster ions composed of Au and CN were detected predominantly. Furthermore, by combining the results of analysis by NMR (C, H), it was found that the protective agent molecules constituting the metal colloid particles in the metal colloid are coordinate-modified on the Au particle surface with nitrogen.

<合成2〜23>
金属塩、保護剤前駆体、還元剤及び分散媒の種類を次の表1及び表2に示す化合物にそれぞれ変更した以外は、合成1と同様の方法により各種金属コロイドを得た。なお、表1及び表2中の保護剤前駆体の種類欄において、記号(A)〜(J)で示される化合物を表3に示す。
また,合成2〜23でそれぞれ得られた金属コロイド粒子の保護分子構造についてもN
MR、TOF−SIMS、FT−IR、SAXS、可視紫外分光、SERS、XAFS等
の各種分析手法を組み合わせて解析することにより確認した。
<Synthesis 2-23>
Various metal colloids were obtained by the same method as in Synthesis 1 except that the types of metal salt, protective agent precursor, reducing agent and dispersion medium were changed to the compounds shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In addition, in the type column of the protective agent precursor in Table 1 and Table 2, compounds shown by symbols (A) to (J) are shown in Table 3.
Further, the protective molecular structure of the metal colloidal particles obtained in Synthesis 2 to 23 is also N.
It confirmed by analyzing combining various analysis methods, such as MR, TOF-SIMS, FT-IR, SAXS, visible ultraviolet spectroscopy, SERS, and XAFS.

Figure 2008194682
Figure 2008194682

Figure 2008194682
Figure 2008194682

Figure 2008194682
<実施例1〜5>
先ず、基材として、20mm×20mm×1mm厚のガラス基板を用意し、このガラス基板表面に、合成9で得られた50重量%濃度の金属コロイドをスピンコート法により塗膜した。スピンコートは、ガラス基板を1000rpmの回転速度で回転させ、金属コロイドを基板に滴下しながら1分間回転し続けることにより行った。次いで、金属コロイドを塗布したガラス基板を室温に保持することにより自然乾燥して金属コロイド中の分散媒を除去した。次に、赤外線ランプ加熱装置(アルバック理工社製)を用いて、以下の表4に示す条件でガラス基板を赤外線照射して加熱することにより、ガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。実施例1〜4では、赤外線の照射時間一定の下、使用する赤外線のピーク波長と温度を、それぞれ以下の表4に示す条件に変えて、赤外線を照射して加熱し、ガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。実施例5では、照射時間を実施例1〜4とは別の条件とし、使用する赤外線のピーク波長及び温度については実施例2と同じ条件で、ガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。
Figure 2008194682
<Examples 1-5>
First, a glass substrate having a thickness of 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm was prepared as a base material, and a 50% by weight metal colloid obtained in Synthesis 9 was coated on the surface of the glass substrate by a spin coating method. The spin coating was performed by rotating the glass substrate at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and continuing to rotate for 1 minute while dropping the metal colloid on the substrate. Next, the glass substrate coated with the metal colloid was naturally dried by keeping it at room temperature to remove the dispersion medium in the metal colloid. Next, by using an infrared lamp heating device (manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO), the glass substrate was irradiated with infrared rays and heated under the conditions shown in Table 4 below, thereby forming a metal film on the surface of the glass substrate. In Examples 1 to 4, with the infrared irradiation time being constant, the infrared peak wavelength and temperature to be used were changed to the conditions shown in Table 4 below, respectively, and the surface was irradiated with infrared rays and heated to form a metal on the glass substrate surface. A film was formed. In Example 5, a metal film was formed on the glass substrate surface under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the irradiation time was different from those in Examples 1 to 4 and the peak wavelength and temperature of infrared rays used.

<比較例1〜4>
先ず、基材として、20mm×20mm×1mm厚のガラス基板を用意し、このガラス基板表面に、合成9で得られた50重量%濃度の金属コロイドをスピンコート法により塗膜した。スピンコートは、ガラス基板を1000rpmの回転速度で回転させ、金属コロイドを基板に滴下しながら1分間回転し続けることにより行った。次いで、金属コロイドを塗布したガラス基板を室温に保持することにより自然乾燥して金属コロイド中の分散媒を除去した。次に、ガラス基板を赤外線は照射せず加熱のみにより、以下の表4に示すように、それぞれ別の温度で保持することでガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。
<Comparative Examples 1-4>
First, a glass substrate having a thickness of 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm was prepared as a base material, and a 50% by weight metal colloid obtained in Synthesis 9 was coated on the surface of the glass substrate by a spin coating method. The spin coating was performed by rotating the glass substrate at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and continuing to rotate for 1 minute while dropping the metal colloid on the substrate. Next, the glass substrate coated with the metal colloid was naturally dried by keeping it at room temperature to remove the dispersion medium in the metal colloid. Next, a metal film was formed on the surface of the glass substrate by holding the glass substrate at a different temperature, as shown in Table 4 below, only by heating without irradiating the glass substrate with infrared rays.

<比較例5,6>
先ず、基材として、20mm×20mm×1mm厚のガラス基板を用意し、このガラス基板表面に、合成9で得られた50重量%濃度の金属コロイドをスピンコート法により塗膜した。スピンコートは、ガラス基板を1000rpmの回転速度で回転させ、金属コロイドを基板に滴下しながら1分間回転し続けることにより行った。次いで、金属コロイドを塗布したガラス基板を室温に保持することにより自然乾燥して金属コロイド中の分散媒を除去した。次に、実施例と同じ装置を用いて、以下の表4に示す条件でガラス基板を赤外線照射して加熱することにより、ガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。比較例5,6では、照射時間をともに10分に満たない条件とし、使用する赤外線のピーク波長及び温度については実施例2と同じ条件で、ガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。
<Comparative Examples 5 and 6>
First, a glass substrate having a thickness of 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm was prepared as a base material, and a 50% by weight metal colloid obtained in Synthesis 9 was coated on the surface of the glass substrate by a spin coating method. The spin coating was performed by rotating the glass substrate at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and continuing to rotate for 1 minute while dropping the metal colloid on the substrate. Next, the glass substrate coated with the metal colloid was naturally dried by keeping it at room temperature to remove the dispersion medium in the metal colloid. Next, by using the same apparatus as in the example, the glass substrate was irradiated with infrared rays and heated under the conditions shown in Table 4 below, thereby forming a metal film on the surface of the glass substrate. In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, a metal film was formed on the surface of the glass substrate under conditions where both irradiation times were less than 10 minutes, and the peak wavelength and temperature of infrared rays used were the same as in Example 2.

<比較例7,8>
基材として、20mm×20mm×1mm厚のガラス基板を用意し、このガラス基板表面に、合成9で得られた50重量%濃度の金属コロイドをスピンコート法により塗膜した。スピンコートは、ガラス基板を1000rpmの回転速度で回転させ、金属コロイドを基板に滴下しながら1分間回転し続けることにより行った。次いで、金属コロイドを塗布したガラス基板を室温に保持することにより自然乾燥して金属コロイド中の分散媒を除去した。次に、以下の表4に示すように、比較例7では赤外線の照射をせずに、比較例8では、実施例と同じ装置を用いて赤外線を照射し、ともに200℃を越える温度で加熱してガラス基板表面に金属膜を形成した。
<Comparative Examples 7 and 8>
A glass substrate having a thickness of 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm was prepared as a base material, and a 50 wt% metal colloid obtained in Synthesis 9 was coated on the surface of the glass substrate by a spin coating method. The spin coating was performed by rotating the glass substrate at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and continuing to rotate for 1 minute while dropping the metal colloid on the substrate. Next, the glass substrate coated with the metal colloid was naturally dried by keeping it at room temperature to remove the dispersion medium in the metal colloid. Next, as shown in Table 4 below, in Comparative Example 7, infrared irradiation was not performed, and in Comparative Example 8, infrared irradiation was performed using the same apparatus as in the Example, and both were heated at a temperature exceeding 200 ° C. Then, a metal film was formed on the glass substrate surface.

<比較試験>
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜8で得られた金属膜の電気抵抗値を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。また、このときの電気抵抗値と赤外線照射時間及び温度との関係を図2に示す。
<Comparison test>
The electrical resistance values of the metal films obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. Moreover, the relationship between the electrical resistance value at this time, infrared irradiation time, and temperature is shown in FIG.

Figure 2008194682
表4及び図2より明らかなように、実施例1〜4と比較例1〜4のそれぞれの温度で比較すると、赤外線を照射することにより、得られる金属膜の電気抵抗値が大幅に下がっており、赤外線を照射して加熱することが効果的であることが確認された。また、比較例5,6では、赤外線を照射して実施例2,5と同じ温度の70℃で加熱し金属膜を形成したにも関わらず、実施例2,5で形成された金属膜よりも比較例5,6で形成された金属膜の方が電気抵抗値が高い結果となった。この結果から、照射時間が短いと、本発明の効果は得られず、10分以上の赤外線照射が効果的であることが確認された。更に、赤外線を照射して300℃で加熱し金属膜を形成した比較例8では、同じ300℃の温度で赤外線を照射せずに加熱して金属膜を形成した比較例7と比較しても、得られる金属膜の電気抵抗値の差はほとんどなかった。このことから、赤外線を照射して200℃以下に加熱し、金属膜を形成することで本発明の効果が発現することが確認された。
Figure 2008194682
As is apparent from Table 4 and FIG. 2, when compared with the temperatures of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the electrical resistance value of the resulting metal film is greatly reduced by irradiating infrared rays. It was confirmed that it was effective to heat by irradiating infrared rays. In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, the metal film formed in Examples 2 and 5 was irradiated with infrared rays and heated at 70 ° C., the same temperature as in Examples 2 and 5, to form a metal film. Also, the metal films formed in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 had higher electrical resistance values. From this result, it was confirmed that when the irradiation time is short, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and infrared irradiation for 10 minutes or more is effective. Further, in Comparative Example 8 in which the metal film was formed by irradiation with infrared rays and heating at 300 ° C., even when compared with Comparative Example 7 in which the metal film was formed by heating without irradiation with infrared rays at the same temperature of 300 ° C. There was almost no difference in the electric resistance values of the obtained metal films. From this, it was confirmed that the effect of the present invention was exhibited by irradiating infrared rays and heating to 200 ° C. or lower to form a metal film.

本発明の金属コロイド粒子の模式図。The schematic diagram of the metal colloid particle of this invention. 実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜8の金属膜形成における温度及び赤外線照射条件と金属膜の電気抵抗の関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between the electrical resistance of the metal film and the temperature and infrared irradiation conditions in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-8.

Claims (13)

金属コロイド粒子が金属粒子と前記粒子表面に配位修飾した保護剤とにより構成され、前記保護剤が分子中に窒素又は酸素のいずれか一方又はその双方を含む炭素骨格を有し、かつ前記窒素、酸素、窒素を含む原子団及び酸素を含む原子団からなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上をアンカーとして金属粒子表面に配位修飾した構造を有し、
前記保護剤がハイドロキシアルキル基を分子構造に含み、
前記金属コロイド粒子を水系又は非水系のいずれか一方の分散媒又はその双方を混合した分散媒に所定の割合で混合して分散させた金属コロイドを基材表面に塗布する工程と、
前記金属コロイドを塗布した基材を室温に保持することにより前記金属コロイド中の分散媒を自然乾燥により除去する工程と、
前記基材を赤外線照射して40℃〜200℃の温度に加熱し、かつ10〜60分間保持することにより、前記基材表面に金属膜を形成する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする金属膜形成方法。
Metal colloidal particles are composed of metal particles and a protective agent coordinated on the particle surface, and the protective agent has a carbon skeleton containing either one or both of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule, and the nitrogen , Having a structure in which the surface of the metal particles is coordinately modified with one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen-containing atomic groups and oxygen-containing atomic groups as anchors,
The protective agent includes a hydroxyalkyl group in the molecular structure;
Applying the metal colloid obtained by mixing and dispersing the metal colloidal particles in a predetermined ratio to a dispersion medium obtained by mixing either the aqueous dispersion medium or the non-aqueous dispersion medium, or both;
Removing the dispersion medium in the metal colloid by natural drying by keeping the substrate coated with the metal colloid at room temperature;
A step of forming a metal film on the surface of the substrate by irradiating the substrate with infrared rays, heating the substrate to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., and holding the substrate for 10 to 60 minutes. Forming method.
赤外線照射に使用する赤外線のピーク波長が、1.00〜2.20μmである請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   The method for forming a metal film according to claim 1, wherein an infrared peak wavelength used for infrared irradiation is 1.00 to 2.20 μm. 保護剤に含まれる窒素が、アミノ基、アミド基及びイミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とする請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   The metal film forming method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen contained in the protective agent is derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an amide group, and an imide group. 保護剤に含まれる酸素が、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルデヒド基及びアミド基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を由来とする請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   The method for forming a metal film according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen contained in the protective agent is derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, and an amide group. 金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子が、Au、Ag、Pt、Cu、Pd、Ni、Zn、Ru、Rh、In及びIrからなる群より選ばれた1種又は2種以上である請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   2. The metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles are one or more selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Pd, Ni, Zn, Ru, Rh, In and Ir. Metal film forming method. 金属コロイド粒子を構成する金属粒子が、Auである請求項1又は5記載の金属膜形成方法。   The metal film forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the metal particles constituting the metal colloid particles are Au. 金属コロイド粒子の平均粒子径が、1〜60nmの範囲にある請求項1又は5記載の金属膜形成方法。   The metal film forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the average particle diameter of the metal colloidal particles is in the range of 1 to 60 nm. 金属コロイド粒子の形状が、球形、多角状又はアメーバ状を有する粒状粒子である請求項1又は5記載の金属膜形成方法。   6. The method for forming a metal film according to claim 1, wherein the metal colloidal particles are granular particles having a spherical shape, a polygonal shape or an amoeba shape. 金属コロイドの基材への塗布方法が、塗布、吹付け、印刷、吐出及び転写からなる群より選ばれた1又は2以上の方法である請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   2. The method of forming a metal film according to claim 1, wherein the method of applying the metal colloid to the substrate is one or more methods selected from the group consisting of coating, spraying, printing, discharging, and transfer. 金属コロイドの基材への塗布方法が、インクジェット方式、ディスペンサ方式、スクリーン印刷方式、反転印刷方式、スリットコート方式及びスプレー方式からなる群より選ばれた1又は2以上の方法である請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   2. The method of applying a metal colloid to a substrate is one or more methods selected from the group consisting of an inkjet method, a dispenser method, a screen printing method, a reverse printing method, a slit coating method, and a spray method. Metal film forming method. 基材が、ガラス、プラスチック、金属、木材、タイルを含むセラミック、セメント、コンクリート、石、繊維、紙及び皮革からなる群より選ばれた材質である請求項1記載の金属膜形成方法。   2. The method of forming a metal film according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a material selected from the group consisting of glass, plastic, metal, wood, ceramics including tile, cement, concrete, stone, fiber, paper, and leather. 請求項1ないし11いずれか1項に記載の金属膜形成方法により得られた金属膜である。   A metal film obtained by the method for forming a metal film according to claim 1. 請求項12記載の金属膜を含む太陽電池。   A solar cell comprising the metal film according to claim 12.
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