JP2008183849A - Cellulose ester film and its manufacturing method, polarizing plate, liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cellulose ester film excellent in transparency formed by a melting film making method, and the manufacturing method thereof. <P>SOLUTION: The manufacturing method by the melting film method for a cellulose ester film which comprises a cellulose ester and at least one sort of an additive agent which has the relation of Tm-50<Td1<Tm+50 and in which the image clarity C value is 90 or more and 100 or less in the transmission measuring of comb tooth 0.125 mm comprises: at least a process which extrudes a molten material of the cellulose ester and the addition agent from a die; and a process which carries out casting while carrying out the pressing of the molten material extruded from the die between a cooling roll and an elastic touch roll in this order, wherein the skin temperature Tr of the cooling roll has the relation of Tg-50≤Tr≤Tg. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose ester film, and more particularly to a method for producing a cellulose ester film excellent in transparency by a melt film-forming method.

  In the melt film-forming method of a cellulose ester film, a plasticizer is added so much that it cannot be found in resins for other optical applications such as cycloolefin polymers (see Patent Document 1).

  This is because cellulose esters are inferior in thermal stability, melt viscosity, and water resistance compared to resins for other optical applications such as cycloolefin polymers, so it was necessary to improve these performances by adding a large amount of plasticizer. is there.

  In addition, various additives are also usually mixed in the cellulose ester film used for optical applications in order to adjust optical functions such as ultraviolet absorbing ability and birefringence adjusting function.

  Therefore, in the production of a cellulose ester film, the additive as a raw material must be selected in consideration of not only the optical function originally required but also thermal stability and processability.

  The most common problem that is unique to the cellulose ester film manufacturing process is that the additive volatilizes due to heat during melting, and the volatiles become a condensed product on the cooling rolls of the process, and the film is being manufactured. It is known that transcription causes haze failure.

Patent Documents 2 to 4 propose a technique in which the thermal decomposition temperature of the plasticizer is made higher than the melting temperature of the constituent material of the film. However, this technique has a drawback that the selection range of the additive becomes extremely narrow, and it is difficult to find an additive that can achieve both optical suitability and processability.
JP 2003-245966 A JP 2006-58825 A JP 2006-91035 A JP 2006-91078 A

  The objective of this invention is providing the cellulose-ester film excellent in transparency by the melt film-forming method, and its manufacturing method.

The present invention can be achieved by the following constitution.
(1) Contains at least one cellulose ester and at least one additive that satisfies Tm-50 <Td1 <Tm + 50, and has a image clarity C value of 90 to 100 in transmission measurement with comb teeth of 0.125 mm. A method for producing a cellulose ester film by melt film formation, wherein at least a step of extruding a melt of the cellulose ester and an additive from a die, a melt extruded from the die, a cooling roll and an elastic touch roll And a step of casting while pressing in this order, and the surface temperature Tr of the cooling roll is Tg-50 ≦ Tr ≦ Tg.

Td1: 1% by mass reduction temperature of additive (° C.)
Tm: Melting temperature when extruding the melt from the die (° C)
Tg: Glass transition temperature of cellulose ester film (° C.)
Tr: surface temperature of the cooling roll (° C.)
(2) Cellulose ester and at least one additive of Tm-50 <Td1 <Tm + 50 are contained in an amount of 1 to 50% by mass, and the image clarity C value is 90 to 100 in transmission measurement with comb teeth of 0.125 mm. A method for producing a cellulose ester film by melt film formation, comprising at least a step of extruding a melt of the cellulose ester and an additive from a die, a melt extruded from the die, and a first cooling roll and an elastic touch. A step of casting while pressing between the rolls and a step of contacting the second cooling roll in this order, and the surface temperature Tr1 of the first cooling roll is Tg−50 ≦ Tr1 ≦ Tg and 2. A method for producing a cellulose ester film, wherein the surface temperature Tr2 of the cooling roll is Tg-50 ≦ Tr2 ≦ Tg.

Td1: 1% by mass reduction temperature of additive (° C.)
Tm: Melting temperature when extruding the melt from the die (° C)
Tg: Glass transition temperature of cellulose ester film (° C.)
Tr1: Surface temperature of the first cooling roll (° C.)
Tr2: Surface temperature of second cooling roll (° C.)
(3) The method for producing a cellulose ester film according to (2), wherein Tr1 and Tr2 satisfy Tr2> Tr1.
(4) A cellulose ester film produced by the production method according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) A polarizing plate using the cellulose ester film according to (4).
(6) A liquid crystal display device using the cellulose ester film according to (4).

  According to the present invention, a cellulose ester film excellent in transparency can be obtained even by a melt film forming method.

  The present invention will be described in detail.

  The feature of the present invention is that the temperature of the cooling roll is deliberately increased on the assumption that the sublimates such as additives condense on the cooling roll to cause haze failure, on the contrary. In this case, the condensed additive is dissolved in the film again.

  Usually, in the production of cellulose ester film, in order to avoid thermal decomposition of cellulose ester and melt ooze or volatilization of additives as much as possible, the surface temperature of the cooling roll was set as low as 80 ° C. or less, In the present invention, on the contrary, it is set higher and the object of the invention is achieved.

Condensed substances such as additives on the cooling roll usually become hard and cause spot-like haze failure. However, in the present invention, the haze failure is suppressed because it is re-included in the entire film.
<Cellulose ester>
The cellulose ester used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is a carboxylic acid ester having about 2 to 22 carbon atoms, may be an aromatic carboxylic acid ester, and is particularly preferably a cellulose carbon number lower fatty acid ester.

  The lower fatty acid in the lower fatty acid ester of cellulose means a fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms. The acyl group bonded to the hydroxyl group may be linear or branched or may form a ring. Furthermore, another substituent may be substituted.

  When the degree of substitution is the same, birefringence decreases when the number of carbon atoms is large, and therefore, the number of carbon atoms is preferably selected from acyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

  Preferred cellulose esters for the present invention are those that simultaneously satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2).

Formula (1) 2.0 <= X + Y <= 3.0
Formula (2) 0 ≦ Y ≦ 1.5
In the formula, X is the degree of substitution of the acetyl group, and Y is the degree of substitution of the propionyl group or butyryl group.

  Of these, triacetyl cellulose and cellulose acetate propionate are particularly preferably used. In cellulose acetate propionate, 1.0 ≦ X ≦ 2.5, preferably 0.1 ≦ Y ≦ 1.5, and 2.0 ≦ X + Y ≦ 3.0. The measuring method of the substitution degree of an acyl group can be measured according to ASTM-D817-96.

  The number average molecular weight of the cellulose ester used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 60,000 to 300,000 because the mechanical strength of the resulting film is strong. Furthermore, the thing of 70000-200000 is used preferably.

  The cellulose used as a raw material for the cellulose ester used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cotton linter, wood pulp, and kenaf. Moreover, the cellulose ester obtained from them can be mixed and used in arbitrary ratios, respectively.

  When the acylating agent of the cellulose raw material is an acid anhydride (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride), the cellulose ester according to the present invention uses an organic solvent such as acetic acid or an organic solvent such as methylene chloride. The reaction is carried out using a protic catalyst such as sulfuric acid.

  When the acylating agent is acid chloride, the reaction is carried out using a basic compound such as an amine as a catalyst. Specifically, it can be synthesized with reference to the method described in JP-A-10-45804.

  Unlike the 2nd and 3rd positions, the glucose unit constituting the cellulose ester has a highly reactive primary hydroxyl group, and this primary hydroxyl group is sulfated during the production of cellulose ester using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Esters are preferentially formed.

  Therefore, by increasing the amount of the sulfuric acid catalyst in the estilation reaction of cellulose, the average substitution degree at the 2nd and 3rd positions can be increased from the 6th position of the glucose unit as compared with a normal cellulose ester.

  Furthermore, if the cellulose is tritylated as necessary, the hydroxyl group at the 6-position of the glucose unit can be selectively protected. Therefore, the trityl group protects the 6-position hydroxyl group by tritylation, and after esterification, the trityl group (protection) The average substitution degree at the 2nd and 3rd positions can be increased from the 6th position of the glucose unit. Specifically, a cellulose ester produced by the method described in JP-A-2005-281645 can also be preferably used.

  The synthesized cellulose ester is preferably purified to remove low molecular weight components or to remove unacetylated or low acetylated components by filtration.

  In the case of mixed acid cellulose ester, it can be obtained by the method described in JP-A-10-45804.

Cellulose esters are also affected by trace metal components in cellulose esters. These are considered to be related to water used in the production process, but it is preferable that there are few components that can become insoluble nuclei, and metal ions such as iron, calcium, and magnesium contain organic acidic groups. Insoluble matter may be formed by salt formation with a polymer degradation product or the like that may be present, and it is preferable that the amount is small.
<Additives other than cellulose ester constituting cellulose ester film>
The present invention is characterized in that a melt containing a cellulose ester is formed into a film, and the melt contains an additive other than the cellulose ester.

  The additive is contained in an amount of 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less of the total mass of the cellulose ester film. Among these additives, Td1 of at least one compound is Tm-50 <Td1 <Tm + 50.

  Td1 is a case where a differential thermal mass measuring device (TG / DTA200 manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd.) is used and observed at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in the range of 25 to 300 ° C., and at 25 ° C. before heating. It is the temperature at the time when the mass decreased by 1.0 mass%.

  The glass transition temperature Tg was measured according to JIS K7121 using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC220 manufactured by Seiko Electronics Industry.

  Set about 10 mg of sample, raise the temperature from room temperature to 250 ° C. at 20 ° C./min under a nitrogen flow rate of 50 ml / min and hold for 10 minutes (1st scan), then 30 at a rate of 20 ° C./min. The temperature was lowered to 0 ° C. and held for 10 minutes (2nd scan), and further raised to 250 ° C. at 20 ° C./min (3rd scan) to obtain a DSC curve. The glass transition temperature was obtained from the obtained 3rd scan DSC curve.

  About the addition amount of an additive, it is preferable that all the additives are totaled and it is 1-50 mass% of the whole cellulose-ester film.

  Preferred additives are described below.

《Plasticizer》
In the production of the cellulose ester film according to the present invention, the film-forming material contains 1 to 30% by mass of at least one plasticizer.

  Generally, a plasticizer is an additive having an effect of improving brittleness or imparting flexibility by being added to a polymer, but in the present invention, a cellulose ester alone is used. In order to lower the melting temperature than the melting temperature, and to lower the melt viscosity of the film constituting material containing the plasticizer than the cellulose ester alone at the same heating temperature, a plasticizer is added.

  Moreover, since it adds also in order to improve the hydrophilic property of a cellulose ester and to improve the moisture permeability of a cellulose-ester film, it has a function as a moisture-permeation preventive agent.

  Here, the melting temperature of the film constituting material means a temperature at which the material is heated and fluidity is developed. In order to melt and flow the cellulose ester, it is necessary to heat at least a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature.

  Above the glass transition temperature, the elastic modulus or viscosity decreases due to heat absorption, and fluidity is exhibited. However, in cellulose esters, the molecular weight of the cellulose ester may decrease due to thermal decomposition at the same time as melting at high temperatures, which may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the resulting film. Therefore, it is necessary to melt the cellulose ester at the lowest possible temperature. is there.

  In order to lower the melting temperature of the film constituent material, it can be achieved by adding a plasticizer having a melting point or glass transition temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the cellulose ester.

  The cellulose ester film of the present invention preferably contains 1 to 25% by mass of an ester compound having a molecular weight of 350 to 1500, preferably 400 to 1000, having a structure in which an organic acid and a trivalent or higher alcohol are condensed. By adding 1% by mass or more, the effect of improving the flatness is recognized, and when it is less than 25% by mass, bleeding out is difficult and the temporal stability of the film is excellent, which is preferable.

  The ester compound having a structure in which the organic acid of the present invention is condensed with a trivalent or higher alcohol is represented by the following general formula (1).

In the formula, R _{1 to} R ₅ represent a hydrogen atom or a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, a carbonyloxy group, an oxycarbonyl group, or an oxycarbonyloxy group. These may be further substituted. L represents a linking group and represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, an oxygen atom, or a direct bond.

The cycloalkyl group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and specifically, a group such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like. These groups may be substituted, and preferred substituents include halogen atoms such as chlorine atom, bromine atom, fluorine atom, hydroxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aralkyl group (this phenyl group). The group may be further substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom), an alkenyl group such as a vinyl group or an allyl group, or a phenyl group (this phenyl group may be further substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom). Phenoxy group (this phenyl group may be further substituted by an alkyl group or a halogen atom), an acyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as an acetyl group or a propionyl group, an acetyloxy group, or a propionyloxy group. And an unsubstituted carbonyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as a group.

The aralkyl group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ represents a group such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, and a γ-phenylpropyl group, and these groups may be substituted. Preferred substituents include The group which may be substituted with the said cycloalkyl group can be mentioned similarly.

Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ include an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-octyloxy, isopropoxy. , Alkoxy groups such as isobutoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, or t-butoxy.

  These groups may be substituted, and preferred substituents include halogen atoms such as chlorine atom, bromine atom, fluorine atom, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aralkyl group (this phenyl group). May be substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom), an alkenyl group, a phenyl group (this phenyl group may be further substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom), an aryloxy group (for example, phenoxy) An acyl group such as an acetyl group or a propionyl group, or an aryl group such as an acetyloxy group or a propionyloxy group (the phenyl group may be further substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom). Arylcarbonyl groups such as unsubstituted acyloxy groups and benzoyloxy groups Shi group.

Examples of the cycloalkoxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ include an unsubstituted cycloalkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, cyclopropyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyl. And groups such as oxy.

  In addition, these groups may be substituted, and preferred substituents include the same groups that may be substituted with the cycloalkyl group.

Examples of the aryloxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ include a phenoxy group, and the phenyl group includes a substituent that is exemplified as a group that may be substituted with the cycloalkyl group such as an alkyl group or a halogen atom. May be substituted.

Examples of the aralkyloxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ include a benzyloxy group, a phenethyloxy group, and the like. These substituents may be further substituted. Preferred substituents include the above-mentioned cycloalkyl. The group which may be substituted with a group can be mentioned similarly.

Examples of the acyl group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ include an unsubstituted acyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as an acetyl group and a propionyl group (the hydrocarbon group of the acyl group includes alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl). These substituents may be further substituted, and preferred substituents include the same groups that may be substituted with the cycloalkyl group.

The carbonyloxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ is an unsubstituted acyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as acetyloxy group and propionyloxy group (the hydrocarbon group of the acyl group is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl). And arylcarbonyloxy groups such as a benzoyloxy group, and these groups may be further substituted with the same groups as those which may be substituted with the cycloalkyl group.

The oxycarbonyl group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ represents an alkoxycarbonyl group such as a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group or a propyloxycarbonyl group, or an aryloxycarbonyl group such as a phenoxycarbonyl group.

  These substituents may be further substituted, and preferred examples of the substituent include the same groups that may be substituted with the cycloalkyl group.

The oxycarbonyloxy group represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ represents a C 1-8 alkoxycarbonyloxy group such as a methoxycarbonyloxy group, and these substituents may be further substituted and are preferably substituted. Examples of the group include the same groups that may be substituted on the cycloalkyl group.

Any one of R _{1 to} R ₅ may be connected to each other to form a ring structure.

The linking group represented by L represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, an oxygen atom, or a direct bond, and the alkylene group is a group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, or a propylene group. These groups may be further substituted with the groups mentioned as the groups that may be substituted with the groups represented by R _{1 to} R ₅ .

  Among these, a direct bond and an aromatic carboxylic acid are particularly preferable as the linking group represented by L.

In addition, the organic acid represented by the general formula (1) constituting the ester compound serving as a plasticizer in the present invention includes at least R ₁ or R ₂ having the alkoxy group, acyl group, oxycarbonyl group, carbonyl group. Those having an oxy group or an oxycarbonyloxy group are preferred. A compound having a plurality of substituents is also preferred.

  In the present invention, the organic acid for substituting the hydroxyl group of the trivalent or higher alcohol may be a single type or a plurality of types.

  In the present invention, the trihydric or higher alcohol compound that reacts with the organic acid represented by the general formula (1) to form a polyhydric alcohol ester compound is preferably a 3-20 valent aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. In the present invention, the trihydric or higher alcohol is preferably represented by the following general formula (3).

Formula (3) R '-(OH) m
In the formula, R ′ represents an m-valent organic group, m represents a positive integer of 3 or more, and the OH group represents an alcoholic hydroxyl group. Particularly preferred is a polyhydric alcohol having 3 or 4 as m.

  Examples of preferred polyhydric alcohols include the following, but the present invention is not limited to these.

  Adonitol, arabitol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3-hexanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerin, diglycerin, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, ga Examples include lactitol, inositol, mannitol, 3-methylpentane-1,3,5-triol, pinacol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and xylitol.

  In particular, glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol are preferable.

  The ester of the organic acid represented by the general formula (1) and a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol can be synthesized by a known method. In the examples, typical synthesis examples are shown. A method of condensing an organic acid represented by the general formula (1) and a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an acid, for example, There are a method of reacting with a polyhydric alcohol by leaving it as a chloride or an acid anhydride, a method of reacting a phenyl ester of an organic acid with a polyhydric alcohol, etc., and a method with a good yield is appropriately selected according to the target ester compound. It is preferable.

  As the plasticizer comprising an organic acid represented by the general formula (1) and an ester of a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol, a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is preferable.

In the formula, R _{6 to} R ₂₀ represent a hydrogen atom or a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyl group, a carbonyloxy group, an oxycarbonyl group, or an oxycarbonyloxy group. These may be further substituted. R ₂₁ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

The cycloalkyl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryloxy group, aralkyloxy group, acyl group, carbonyloxy group, oxycarbonyl group, and oxycarbonyloxy group of R _{6 to} R ₂₀ are represented by the above general formula ( The same group as R < ₁ > -R < ₅ > of 1) is mentioned.

  Below, the specific compound of the polyhydric alcohol ester concerning this invention is illustrated.

  Other plasticizers that can be used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but are preferably polycarboxylic acid ester plasticizers, glycolate plasticizers, phthalate ester plasticizers, fatty acid ester plasticizers, It is selected from polyester plasticizers and acrylic plasticizers.

  Among them, when two or more kinds of plasticizers are used, at least one kind is preferably a polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer having a molecular weight of 350 to 1500 having a structure in which an organic acid and a trivalent or higher alcohol are condensed.

<< Antioxidant, Heat degradation inhibitor >>
In the present invention, conventionally known antioxidants and thermal deterioration inhibitors can be used. In particular, lactone, sulfur, phenol, double bond, hindered amine, and phosphorus compounds can be preferably used.
For example, those including those commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals under the trade names “IrgafosXP40” and “IrgafosXP60” are preferable.

  As the phenolic compound, those having a 2,6-dialkylphenol structure are preferable, for example, those commercially available under the trade names of Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Inc., “Irganox 1076” and “Irganox 1010”.

  Examples of the phosphorus compounds include Sumitizer GP from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., ADK STAB PEP-24G from Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., “ADK STAB PEP-36” and “ADK STAB 3010”, Ciba Specialty. Those commercially available under the trade name “IRGAFOS P-EPQ” from Chemicals Co., Ltd. and “GSY-P101” from Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd. are preferred.

  The hindered amine compound is preferably commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd. under the trade names “Tinvin 144” and “Tinvin 770” and Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. as “ADK STAB LA-52”.

  As the sulfur compound, for example, those commercially available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade names of “Sumilizer TPL-R” and “Sumilizer TP-D” are preferable.

  The above-mentioned double bond type compounds are preferably those commercially available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade names “Sumilizer GM” and “Sumilizer GS”.

  Furthermore, it is possible to contain a compound having an epoxy group as described in US Pat. No. 4,137,201 as an acid scavenger.

  The amount of these antioxidants and the like to be added is determined appropriately in accordance with the process at the time of recycling and use. In general, the range of 0.05 to 20% by mass with respect to the resin that is the main raw material of the film. Is added.

  These antioxidants and thermal deterioration inhibitors can obtain a synergistic effect by using several different types of compounds in combination rather than using only one kind. For example, the combined use of lactone, phosphorus, phenol and double bond compounds is preferred.

<Retardation modifier>
The cellulose ester film of the present invention may contain a compound for adjusting the retardation.

  The compound added to adjust the retardation can be an aromatic compound having two or more aromatic rings as described in EP 911,656A2.

  Two or more aromatic compounds may be used in combination. The aromatic ring of the aromatic compound includes an aromatic heterocyclic ring in addition to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring. An aromatic heterocyclic ring is particularly preferred, and the aromatic heterocyclic ring is generally an unsaturated heterocyclic ring. Of these, compounds having a 1,3,5-triazine ring are particularly preferred.

  As the cellulose ester film according to the present invention, if the haze value exceeds 1.0%, the optical material is affected. Therefore, the haze value is preferably less than 1.0%, more preferably less than 0.5%. . The haze value can be measured based on JIS-K7136.

《Colorant》
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a colorant. The colorant means a dye or a pigment. In the present invention, the colorant means an effect of making the color tone of a liquid crystal screen blue, adjusting the yellow index, and reducing haze.

  Various dyes and pigments can be used as the colorant, but anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, phthalocyanine pigments and the like are effective. Although the specific example of a preferable coloring agent is given to the following, it is not limited to these.

《Other additives》
In addition to the above compounds, the cellulose ester film of the present invention can contain an additive that can be added to a normal cellulose ester film.

  Examples of these additives include ultraviolet absorbers and fine particles.

  Although the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, triazine compounds, nickel complex compounds, inorganic powders Examples include the body. It is good also as a polymer type ultraviolet absorber.

  As fine particles used in the present invention, examples of inorganic compounds include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, and hydrated silicic acid. Mention may be made of calcium, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate.

  Fine particles containing silicon are preferable in terms of low turbidity, and silicon dioxide is particularly preferable.

  The average primary particle size of the fine particles is preferably 5 to 50 nm, and more preferably 7 to 20 nm. These are preferably contained mainly as secondary aggregates having a particle size of 0.05 to 0.3 μm.

  The content of these fine particles in the cellulose ester film is preferably 0.05 to 1% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. In the case of a cellulose ester film having a multilayer structure by the co-casting method, it is preferable to contain fine particles of this addition amount on the surface.

  Silicon dioxide fine particles are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Aerosil R972, R972V, R974, R812, 200, 200V, 300, R202, OX50, TT600, NAX50 (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.). be able to.

  Zirconium oxide fine particles are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Aerosil R976 and R811 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and can be used.

  Examples of the polymer include silicone resin, fluororesin, and acrylic resin. Silicone resins are preferable, and those having a three-dimensional network structure are particularly preferable. For example, Tospearl 103, 105, 108, 120, 145, 3120, and 240 (manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) It is marketed by name and can be used.

  Among these, Aerosil 200V and Aerosil R972V are particularly preferably used because they have a large effect of reducing the friction coefficient while keeping the turbidity of the cellulose ester film low.

《Sugar ester compound》
The cellulose ester film of the present invention may be obtained by melt-forming a molten composition containing a sugar ester compound obtained by esterifying a hydroxyl group of a sugar compound in which 1 to 12 at least one structure selected from a furanose structure and a pyranose structure is bonded. preferable.

  Examples of the sugar compound of the present invention include glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, cellotriose, maltotriose, raffinose, etc., particularly those having both a furanose structure and a pyranose structure. preferable. An example is sucrose.

  The sugar ester compound of the present invention is one in which part or all of the hydroxyl groups of the sugar compound are esterified or a mixture thereof.

《Acrylic polymer》
In the present invention, in order to adjust the optical properties in addition to the additive, it is preferable to melt and form a molten composition containing an acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more and 30000 or less.

  The acrylic polymer of the present invention includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xa that does not have an aromatic ring and a hydrophilic group in the molecule, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xb that does not have an aromatic ring in the molecule and has a hydrophilic group. Polymer X having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 30,000 obtained by copolymerization of

  More preferably, the polymer Y having a weight average molecular weight of 500 or more and 3000 or less obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Ya having no aromatic ring is preferably used.

  The polymer X of the present invention is a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xa having no aromatic ring and a hydrophilic group in the molecule and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer Xb having no aromatic ring and having a hydrophilic group in the molecule. The polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 30,000.

  Preferably, Xa is an acrylic or methacrylic monomer that does not have an aromatic ring and a hydrophilic group in the molecule, and Xb is an acrylic or methacrylic monomer that does not have an aromatic ring in the molecule and has a hydrophilic group.

  In the present invention, the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The measurement conditions are as follows.

Solvent: Methylene chloride Column: Shodex K806, K805, K803G (Used by connecting three Showa Denko Co., Ltd.)
Column temperature: 25 ° C
Sample concentration: 0.1% by mass
Detector: RI Model 504 (manufactured by GL Sciences)
Pump: L6000 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.)
Flow rate: 1.0ml / min
Calibration curve: Standard polystyrene STK standard polystyrene (manufactured by Tosoh Corp.) Mw = 100000-500 calibration curves with 13 samples were used. Thirteen samples are used at approximately equal intervals.
<Melting of cellulose ester film>
In the present invention, melt film-forming means heating and melting a composition containing an additive such as a cellulose ester and a plasticizer to a temperature showing fluidity, and then casting a melt containing the fluid cellulose ester. Is defined as melt film formation.

  More specifically, the heating and melting molding method can be classified into a melt extrusion molding method, a press molding method, an inflation method, an injection molding method, a blow molding method, a stretch molding method, and the like. Among these, in order to obtain a cellulose ester film having excellent mechanical strength and surface accuracy, the melt extrusion method is excellent.

≪Cooling roll≫
The cooling roll of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is a roll having a structure with a high-rigidity metal roll that allows a temperature-controllable heat medium or refrigerant to flow inside, and is not limited in size. It is sufficient that the film is large enough to cool the formed film, and the diameter of the cooling roll is usually about 100 mm to 1 m.

  Examples of the surface material of the cooling roll include carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium. Further, in order to increase the surface hardness or improve the releasability from the resin, it is preferable to perform a surface treatment such as hard chrome plating, nickel plating, amorphous chrome plating, or ceramic spraying.

  The surface roughness of the surface of the cooling roll is preferably 0.1 μm or less in terms of Ra, and more preferably 0.05 μm or less. The smoother the roll surface, the smoother the surface of the resulting film. Of course, it is preferable to further polish the surface that has been subjected to surface processing so as to have the above-described surface roughness.

  The cooling roll of the present invention is at least one, and preferably has two or more. When there is only one, the surface temperature Tr of the cooling roll is set to Tg-50 ≦ Tr ≦ Tg. In the case of two or more, the surface temperatures of the first cooling roll and the second cooling roll are set to Tg−50 ≦ Tr1 ≦ Tg and Tg−50 ≦ Tr2 ≦ Tg.

  Preferably, Tr2> Tr1, and 0 <Tr2-Tr1 <50.

  As a result, the amount of the additive on the cooling roll is controlled, and the cellulose film is remelted.

  Although re-dissolution can be promoted by the contact time between the cellulose ester film and the first and second cooling rolls, in the present invention, 1.0 second or more and 3.0 seconds or less are preferable.

  The contact time was represented by the number of seconds calculated from the circumferential distance between the contact point at which the film and the roller began to contact and the contact point at which the film began to peel, and the film conveyance speed.

  The circumferential speed R2 of the second cooling roll is preferably larger than the circumferential speed R1 of the first cooling roll. That is, tension acts on the film between the two rolls, and the adhesion between the film and the first roll is increased. The ratio of the peripheral speeds is preferably in the range of 1.00 to 1.05, and if it exceeds 1.05, there is a risk that the film breaks. Similarly, it is preferable that the third and subsequent roll peripheral speeds are greater than the peripheral speed of the cooling roll immediately before.

≪Elastic touch roll≫
Examples of the elastic touch roll of the present invention include JP-A-03-124425, JP-A-08-224772, JP-A-07-1000096, JP-A-10-272676, WO97-028950, JP-A-11-235747, JP-A-11-235747. Although the surface as described in 2002-36332, Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-172940, or Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-280217 can use a thin-film metal sleeve covering silicone rubber roll, it is the following elastic touch rolls. preferable.

  A melt containing cellulose ester has a higher melt viscosity and is less likely to be stretched than other thermoplastic resins.

  Therefore, when the draw ratio is large, there is a problem that the film thickness is likely to vary in the conveying direction, and also when the film is stretched in the tenter process, the film tends to be broken, and the drawing ratio is about 7 to 8 at most. However, in the present invention, a melt containing cellulose ester is extruded from a die into a film shape, and a film obtained with a draw ratio of 10 or more and 30 or less is conveyed while being pressed against a cooling roll with an elastic touch roll.

  The draw ratio is a value obtained by dividing the lip clearance of the die by the average film thickness of the film solidified on the cooling roll. By setting the draw ratio within this range, a polarizing plate protective film having good productivity and no bright and dark stripes and uneven spots when an image is displayed on a liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

  The draw ratio can be adjusted by the die lip clearance and the take-up speed of the cooling roll. The die lip clearance is preferably 900 μm or more, and more preferably 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. Even if it is too large or too small, spotted unevenness may not be improved.

  The elastic touch roll used in the present invention has a double structure of a metal outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and has a space so that a cooling fluid can flow between them.

  Furthermore, because the metal outer cylinder has elasticity, the temperature of the surface of the touch roll can be controlled with high accuracy, and the distance to press the film in the longitudinal direction can be increased by utilizing the property of elastically deforming appropriately. With this effect, the effect of the present invention can be obtained that there are no bright and dark stripes and uneven spots when an image is displayed on a liquid crystal display device.

  If the range of the thickness of the metal outer cylinder is 0.003 ≦ (thickness of the metal outer cylinder) / (touch roll radius) ≦ 0.03, it is preferable because the elasticity is appropriate. If the radius of the touch roll is large, even if the thickness of the metal outer cylinder is large, the touch roll bends appropriately.

  The diameter of the elastic touch roll is preferably 100 mm to 600 mm. If the thickness of the metal outer cylinder is too thin, the strength is insufficient and there is a concern of breakage. On the other hand, if it is too thick, the roll mass becomes too heavy and there is a concern about uneven rotation. Therefore, the thickness of the metal outer cylinder is preferably 0.1 to 5 mm.

  The surface roughness of the surface of the metal outer cylinder is preferably 0.1 μm or less in terms of arithmetic average roughness Ra, and more preferably 0.05 μm or less. The smoother the roll surface, the smoother the surface of the resulting film.

  The material of the metal outer cylinder is required to be smooth, moderately elastic, and durable. Carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium, nickel produced by electroforming, etc. can be preferably used. Furthermore, in order to increase the hardness of the surface or to improve the releasability from the resin, it is preferable to perform a surface treatment such as hard chrome plating, nickel plating, amorphous chrome plating, ceramic spraying, or the like. It is preferable that the surface processed is further polished to have the surface roughness described above.

  The inner cylinder is preferably a lightweight and rigid metallic inner cylinder such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium or the like. By giving rigidity to the inner cylinder, it is possible to suppress the rotational shake of the roll. A sufficient rigidity can be obtained by setting the thickness of the inner cylinder to 2 to 10 times that of the outer cylinder.

  The inner cylinder may be further coated with a resin elastic material such as silicone or fluororubber.

  The structure of the space through which the cooling fluid flows can be any structure as long as the temperature of the roll surface can be uniformly controlled. For example, the roll can be made to flow in a spiral direction by going alternately in the width direction and returning. Temperature control with a small surface temperature distribution is possible.

  The cooling fluid is not particularly limited, and water or oil can be used according to the temperature range to be used.

  The surface temperature Tr0 of the elastic touch roll is preferably lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the film. If it is higher than Tg, the peelability between the film and the roll may be inferior. More preferably, it is Tg-50 degreeC-Tg.

  The elastic touch roll used in the present invention preferably has a so-called crown roll shape in which the central portion in the width direction has a diameter larger than that of the end portion.

  The touch roll generally presses both ends of the touch roll against the film with a pressurizing unit, but in this case, the touch roll is bent, so that there is a phenomenon that the touch roll is pressed more strongly toward the end. By making the roll into a crown shape, highly uniform pressing becomes possible.

  The width of the elastic touch roll used in the present invention is preferably wider than the film width because the entire film can be in close contact with the cooling roll. Further, when the draw ratio is increased, both end portions of the film may become ear height (thickness of the end portion becomes thick) due to a neck-in phenomenon.

  In this case, the width of the metal outer cylinder may be made narrower than the film width so as to escape from the height of the ear. Alternatively, the outer diameter of the metal outer cylinder may be reduced to escape the ear height.

  Specific examples of the metal elastic touch roll include molding rolls described in Japanese Patent No. 3194904, Japanese Patent No. 3422798, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-36332, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-36333.

  In order to prevent bending of the elastic touch roll, a support roll may be arranged on the opposite side of the touch roll with respect to the cooling roll.

  You may arrange | position the apparatus which cleans the stain | pollution | contamination of an elastic touch roll. As the cleaning device, for example, a method of pressing the roll surface with a member such as a nonwoven fabric infiltrated with a solvent if necessary, a method of bringing the roll into contact with a liquid, a plasma discharge such as corona discharge or glow discharge, A method for volatilizing dirt can be preferably used.

  In order to make the surface temperature Tr0 of the elastic touch roll even more uniform, a temperature control roll may be brought into contact with the touch roll, temperature-controlled air may be blown, or a heat medium such as a liquid may be brought into contact.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the touch roll linear pressure at the time of pressing the elastic touch roll is 1 kg / cm or more and 15 kg / cm or less, and the touch roll side film surface temperature Tt is Tg <Tt <Tg + 110 ° C.

  By setting the elastic touch roll linear pressure within this range, a polarizing plate protective film having no bright and dark stripes and uneven spots when an image is displayed on a liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

  The linear pressure is a value obtained by dividing the force with which the elastic touch roll presses the film by the film width at the time of pressing. The method for setting the linear pressure within the above range is not particularly limited, and for example, both ends of the roll can be pressed with an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

  You may press a film indirectly by pressing an elastic touch roll with a support roll.

  The higher the film temperature when pressing the film with the elastic touch roll, the lighter and darker streaks caused by the die line are improved. However, if the film temperature is too high, the spotted unevenness deteriorates. This is expected because volatile components are volatilized from the film and are not uniformly pressed when pressed with a touch roll. If it is too low, light and dark stripes resulting from the die line will not be improved.

  The method of setting the film temperature at the time of pressing in the above range is not particularly limited. For example, the distance between the die and the cooling roll is made closer, and the cooling between the die and the cooling roll is suppressed, or between the die and the cooling roll. Examples of the method include heat insulation by surrounding with a heat insulating material, or heating by hot air, an infrared heater, microwave heating, or the like.

  The film surface temperature and roll surface temperature can be measured with a non-contact infrared thermometer. Specifically, using a non-contact handy thermometer (IT2-80, manufactured by Keyence Co., Ltd.), 10 locations in the width direction of the film are measured at a distance of 0.5 m from the object to be measured.

  The elastic touch roll side film surface temperature Tt refers to the film surface temperature measured with a non-contact infrared thermometer from the touch roll side in the state where the touch roll is removed from the film being conveyed.

  The image clarity C value of the cellulose ester film of the present invention is characterized in that it is 90 or more and 100 or less in transmission measurement of comb teeth of 0.125 mm. This image clarity C value is the image clarity when it passes through the last cooling roll.

  The image clarity after passing through the cooling roll has a correlation as an index representing the state of the cellulose ester film in which the aggregate is remelted on the film surface. It has been experimentally confirmed that the larger the C value is, the more the remelting proceeds.

  The image clarity C value represents the image clarity (gloss value C value%) measured by a transmission (0 degree) measurement with an image measurement instrument ICM-IDP of Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. and an optical comb tooth of 0.125 mm.

≪Film formation method≫
Hereinafter, the film forming method will be described.

≪Melted pellet manufacturing process of cellulose ester and additives≫
It is preferable that a plurality of raw materials used for melt extrusion are usually kneaded and pelletized in advance.

  Pelletization may be performed by a known method. For example, dry cellulose ester, plasticizer, and other additives are fed to an extruder using a feeder and kneaded using a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, and then formed into a strand from a die. It can be done by extrusion, water cooling or air cooling and cutting.

  It is important to dry the raw material before extruding to prevent decomposition of the raw material. In particular, since the cellulose ester easily absorbs moisture, it is preferable to dry it at 70 to 140 ° C. for 3 hours or more with a dehumidifying hot air dryer or a vacuum dryer, and to keep the moisture content at 200 ppm or less, and further 100 ppm or less.

  The additives may be mixed before being supplied to the extruder, or may be supplied by individual feeders. A small amount of an additive such as an antioxidant is preferably mixed in advance in order to mix uniformly.

  Mixing of the antioxidants may be performed by mixing solids, and if necessary, the antioxidant may be dissolved in a solvent, impregnated with cellulose ester and mixed, or sprayed and mixed. Also good.

A vacuum nauter mixer or the like is preferable because drying and mixing can be performed simultaneously. Further, if the contact with air, such as the exit from the feeder unit or die, it is preferable that the atmosphere such as dehumidified air and dehumidified N ₂ gas.

  In addition, it is preferable to keep the supply hopper and the like to the extruder warm because moisture absorption can be prevented. Matting agents, UV absorbers, and the like may be applied to the obtained pellets or added in an extruder during film formation.

  The extruder is preferably processed at as low a temperature as possible so that the shearing force is suppressed and the resin can be pelletized so as not to deteriorate (molecular weight reduction, coloring, gel formation, etc.). For example, in the case of a twin screw extruder, it is preferable to rotate in the same direction using a deep groove type screw. From the uniformity of kneading, the meshing type is preferable.

  Kneader discs can improve kneadability, but care must be taken against shearing heat generation. Mixability is sufficient without using a kneader disk. The suction from the vent hole may be performed as necessary. Since there is almost no volatile component at low temperatures, there may be no vent hole.

  The color of the pellet is preferably such that the b * value, which is an index of yellowness, is in the range of -5 to 10, more preferably in the range of -1 to 8, and in the range of -1 to 5. More preferred. The b * value can be measured at a viewing angle of 10 ° using a spectrocolorimeter CM-3700d (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) using D65 (color temperature 6504K) as a light source.

  A film is formed using the pellets obtained as described above. Of course, the raw material powder can be directly fed to the extruder by a feeder without being pelletized to form a film as it is.

≪Process to extrude melt of cellulose ester and additive from die≫
Dehydrated hot air or polymer dried under vacuum or reduced pressure using a uniaxial or biaxial extruder, with a melting temperature Tm of about 200 to 300 ° C, filtered through a leaf disk type filter, etc. After removal, the film is cast from a T die into a film and solidified on a cooling roll.

  When introducing from the supply hopper to the extruder, it is preferable to prevent oxidative decomposition or the like under vacuum or reduced pressure or in an inert gas atmosphere. Tm is the temperature at the die exit portion of the extruder.

  The extrusion flow rate is preferably performed stably by introducing a gear pump or the like. Further, a stainless fiber sintered filter is preferably used as a filter used for removing foreign substances.

  A stainless steel fiber sintered filter is an integrated stainless steel fiber body that is intricately entangled and then compressed and sintered at the contact point. The density is changed according to the thickness of the fiber and the amount of compression, and the filtration accuracy is improved. Can be adjusted.

  It is preferable to use a multilayer body in which the filtration accuracy is repeated coarsely and densely a plurality of times. Further, it is preferable to adopt a configuration in which the filtration accuracy is sequentially increased or a method in which coarse and dense filtration accuracy is repeated, so that the filtration life of the filter can be extended and the accuracy of supplementing foreign matters and gels can be improved.

  If flaws or foreign matter adhere to the die, streaky defects may occur. Such defects are also referred to as die lines, but in order to reduce surface defects such as die lines, it is preferable to have a structure in which the resin retention portion is minimized in the piping from the extruder to the die. . It is preferable to use a die that has as few scratches as possible inside the lip.

The inner surface that contacts the molten resin such as an extruder or a die is preferably subjected to surface treatment that makes it difficult for the molten resin to adhere to the surface by reducing the surface roughness or using a material having a low surface energy. Specifically, hard chrome plating or ceramic sprayed surface roughness is 0
. What was grind | polished so that it might become 2S or less is mentioned.

  Additives such as plasticizers may be mixed with the resin in advance, or may be kneaded in the middle of the extruder. In order to add uniformly, it is preferable to use a mixing apparatus such as a static mixer.

≪Process of casting while pressing the melt extruded from the die between the cooling roll and the elastic touch roll≫
It is preferable to adjust the film temperature on the touch roll side when the film is nipped between the cooling roll and the elastic touch roll to Tg + 110 ° C. or less of the film in order to adjust the image clarity of the film surface. A well-known roll can be used for the roll which has the elastic body surface used for such a purpose.

  When peeling the film from the cooling roll, it is preferable to control the tension to prevent deformation of the film.

≪Stretching process≫
In the present invention, it is preferred that the film obtained as described above is further stretched by 1.01 to 3.0 times in at least one direction after passing through the step of contacting the cooling roll. The sharpness of the streaks becomes gentle by stretching and can be highly corrected.

  Preferably, the film is stretched 1.1 to 2.0 times in both the longitudinal (film transport direction) and lateral (width direction) directions.

  As a method of stretching, a known roll stretching machine or tenter can be preferably used. In particular, when the polarizing plate protective film is a retardation film, it is preferable to make the stretching direction the width direction because lamination with the polarizing film can be performed in a roll form.

  By stretching in the width direction, the slow axis of the optical film made of the polymer film becomes the width direction. On the other hand, the transmission axis of the polarizing film is also usually in the width direction. A good viewing angle can be obtained by incorporating in a liquid crystal display device a polarizing plate laminated so that the transmission axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of the polarizing plate protective film are parallel to each other.

  When the cellulose ester film of the present invention is used as a film having an optical compensation function, the temperature and magnification can be selected so that desired retardation characteristics can be obtained.

  Usually, the draw ratio is 1.1 to 3.0 times, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 times, and the drawing temperature is usually Tg to Tg + 50 ° C. of the resin constituting the film, preferably Tg to Tg + 40 ° C. In the temperature range.

  If the draw ratio is too small, the desired retardation may not be obtained, and if it is too large, it may break. If the stretching temperature is too low, it may break, and if it is too high, the desired retardation may not be obtained.

  The stretching is preferably performed under a uniform temperature distribution controlled in the width direction. The temperature is preferably within ± 2 ° C, more preferably within ± 1 ° C, and particularly preferably within ± 0.5 ° C.

  For the purpose of reducing the retardation of the cellulose ester film produced by the above method and reducing the dimensional change rate, the film may be contracted in the longitudinal direction or the width direction.

  In order to shrink in the longitudinal direction, for example, there is a method of contracting the film by temporarily clipping out the width stretching and relaxing in the longitudinal direction, or by gradually narrowing the interval between adjacent clips of the transverse stretching machine.

  The latter method can be performed by using a general simultaneous biaxial stretching machine and driving the clip portions in the longitudinal direction by, for example, a pantograph method or a linear drive method to smoothly and gradually narrow the clip portion. I can do it. You may combine with extending | stretching of arbitrary directions (diagonal direction) as needed. The dimensional change rate of the optical film can be reduced by shrinking 0.5% to 10% in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.

  Prior to winding, the ends may be slit and cut to the width of the product, and knurling (embossing) may be applied to both ends to prevent sticking or scratching during winding. The knurling method can process a metal ring having an uneven pattern on its side surface by heating or pressing.

  In addition, since the film has deform | transformed and cannot use as a product normally, the holding | grip part of the clip of both ends of a film is cut out and reused as a raw material.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to reduce the humidity change rate and the dimensional change rate of the retardation (Ro, Rt) by reducing the free volume of the film.

  In order to reduce the free volume, it is effective to perform heat treatment near the Tg of the film. The heat treatment time shows an effect from 1 second or more, and the effect becomes higher as the time is longer. However, since the effect is saturated at about 1000 hours, Tg-20 ° C. to Tg is preferably 1 second to 1000 hours.

  Further, Tg-15 ° C to Tg is preferably 1 minute to 1 hour. In addition, it is preferable to perform heat treatment while slowly cooling the temperature range from Tg to Tg-20 ° C., because the effect can be obtained in a shorter time than heat treatment at a constant temperature.

  The cooling rate is preferably −0.1 ° C./second to −20 ° C./second, more preferably −1 ° C./second to −10 ° C./second. There is no particular limitation on the heat treatment method, and the heat treatment can be performed by a temperature-controlled oven or roll group, hot air, an infrared heater, a microwave heating device, or the like.

  The film may be heat-treated in the form of a sheet or roll while being conveyed. In the case of carrying, it can be carried while carrying out heat treatment using a roll group or a tenter. When heat-treating in a roll shape, the film may be wound in a roll shape at a temperature in the vicinity of Tg and gradually cooled by cooling as it is.

  The in-plane retardation (Ro) and thickness direction retardation (Rt) of the cellulose ester film of the present invention can be adjusted as appropriate, but when having a retardation function, Ro is 20 to 200 nm, and Rt is 90 to 400 nm. The ratio Rt / Ro of Rt and Ro is preferably 0.5 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3.

In addition, when the refractive index Nx in the slow axis direction of the film, the refractive index Ny in the fast axis direction, the refractive index Nz in the thickness direction, and the film thickness of the film are d (nm),
Ro = (Nx−Ny) × d
Rt = {(Nx + Ny) / 2−Nz} × d
Represented as: (Measurement wavelength 590nm)
The variation in retardation is preferably as small as possible, and is usually within ± 10 nm, preferably ± 5 nm or less, more preferably ± 2 nm or less.

  Uniformity in the slow axis direction is also important, and the angle is preferably −5 to + 5 °, more preferably in the range of −1 to + 1 °, particularly −0. It is preferably in the range of 5 to + 0.5 °, particularly preferably in the range of −0.1 to + 0.1 °. These variations can be achieved by optimizing the stretching conditions.

  In the cellulose ester film of the present invention, it is preferable that the height from the top of the adjacent mountain to the bottom of the valley is 300 nm or more, and there is no streak continuous in the longitudinal direction with an inclination of 300 nm / mm or more.

The shape of the streak was measured using a surface roughness meter, and specifically, Mitutoyo SV-3
Using 100S4, scanning in the width direction of the film at a measurement speed of 1.0 mm / sec while applying a load of 0.75 mN to a stylus (diamond needle) with a tip of 60 ° cone and a radius of curvature of 2 μm. Then, the cross-sectional curve is measured with a Z-axis (thickness direction) resolution of 0.001 μm.

  From this curve, the streak height reads the vertical distance (H) from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley. The slope of the streak is obtained by reading the horizontal distance (L) from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley and dividing the vertical distance (H) by the horizontal distance (L).

≪Belt cleaning equipment≫
It is preferable to add an apparatus for automatically cleaning the belt and the roll to the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. There is no particular limitation on the cleaning device, but for example, a method of niping a brush roll, a water absorbing roll, an adhesive roll, a wiping roll, an air blow method of spraying clean air, a laser incinerator, or a combination thereof. is there.

In the case of a system in which a cleaning roll is nipped, the cleaning effect is large when the belt linear velocity and the roller linear velocity are changed. The cellulose ester film of the present invention is a polarizing plate protective film for protecting a polarizer mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol. In addition, it can be used as an optical compensation film for liquid crystal display devices by adjusting the retardation.

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
100 degree parts of cellulose acetate propionate having a degree of substitution of acetyl group of 1.30, a degree of substitution of propionyl group of 1.23, a number average molecular weight of 60,000, and a plasticizer 62, which are dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours (water content 200 ppm) Part by mass, Tinuvin 900 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 1.2 parts by mass, Irganox 1010 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 0.5 parts by mass, Irgafos P-EPQ (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 0.3 parts by weight, Sumilizer GS (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.2 parts by weight, and Seahoster KEP-30 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) 0.1 parts by weight are mixed at 80 ° C. and 1 Torr for 3 hours with a vacuum nauter mixer. Further drying.

  The obtained mixture was melt-mixed at 235 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder and pelletized. At this time, an all screw type screw was used instead of a kneading disk in order to suppress heat generation due to shear during kneading.

  In addition, evacuation was performed from the vent hole, and volatile components generated during kneading were removed by suction. The space between the feeder and hopper supplied to the extruder, the extruder die and the cooling tank was a dry nitrogen gas atmosphere to prevent moisture from being absorbed into the resin.

  The cellulose ester film was produced by the production apparatus shown in FIG.

  The first cooling roll and the second cooling roll were made of stainless steel having a diameter of 40 cm, and the surface was hard chrome plated. In addition, temperature adjusting oil (cooling fluid) was circulated inside to control the roll surface temperature.

  The elastic touch roll had a diameter of 20 cm, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder were made of stainless steel, and the surface of the outer cylinder was hard chrome plated. The wall thickness of the outer cylinder was 2 mm, and oil for cooling (cooling fluid) was circulated in the space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to control the surface temperature of the elastic touch roll.

  Pellets (moisture content 50 ppm) were melt extruded from a T die onto a first cooling roll having a surface temperature Tr1 of 90 ° C. at a melting temperature Tm using a single screw extruder to obtain an 80 μm cast film.

  At this time, a T die having a lip clearance of 1.5 mm and an average surface roughness Ra of 0.01 μm was used. Further, an elastic touch roll having a 2 mm thick metal surface was pressed on the first cooling roll at a linear pressure of 10 kg / cm.

The film temperature on the touch roll side during pressing was 180 ° C. ± 1 ° C. (The film temperature on the touch roll side at the time of pressing here refers to the temperature of the film at the position where the touch roll on the first roll (cooling roll) is in contact with the non-contact thermometer by retreating the touch roll. (This refers to the average value of the film surface temperature measured at 10 points in the width direction from a position 50 cm away without a roll.)
The glass transition temperature Tg of this film was 136 ° C.

  The surface temperature Tr0 of the elastic touch roll was 90 ° C., and the surface temperature Tr2 of the second cooling roll was 90 ° C.

  The surface temperatures Tr0t, Tr1 and Tr2 of the elastic touch roll, the first cooling roll, and the second cooling roll are the roll surface at a position 90 ° before the rotation direction from the position where the film first contacts the roll. The average value obtained by measuring 10 points in the width direction using a non-contact thermometer was defined as the surface temperature of each roll.

  The drawing of the film was adjusted so that the contact time between the roll and the film was equal for both Tr1 and Tr2. This contact time was 1.2 seconds.

  Although the peripheral speeds of the second cooling roll and the first cooling roll can be changed independently, this ratio (R2 / R1) was set to 1.

  The image clarity C value of the cellulose ester film was measured by sampling the film after contacting the cooling roll.

  The obtained film was first stretched 1.3 times in the transport direction at 160 ° C. by a stretching machine utilizing a difference in peripheral speed of the roll. Next, it is introduced into a tenter having a preheating zone, a stretching zone, a holding zone, and a cooling zone (there is also a neutral zone for ensuring thermal insulation between the zones). After stretching 5 times, the film was cooled to 30 ° C. while relaxing 2% in the width direction, then released from the clip, and the clip gripping part was cut off to obtain a cellulose ester film 1 having a film thickness of 40 μm.

  At this time, the preheating temperature and the holding temperature were adjusted to prevent the bowing phenomenon due to stretching.

  Except for changing the melting temperature, the first cooling roll temperature and the second cooling temperature as shown in Table 1, in the same manner as the cellulose ester film 1 of the present invention, the present invention having a film thickness of 40 μm and the comparative cellulose ester films 2 to 13 Got.

  The cellulose ester film 11 was manufactured with an elastic touch roll linear pressure of 5 kg / cm, a touch roll side film temperature of 170 ° C. at the time of pressing, and with eyes adhered to the die lip in order to deteriorate image clarity. The cellulose ester film 13 was produced without using an elastic touch roll.

  Using this cellulose ester film, image clarity, haze, haze mura, haze after storage and dirt were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

≪Haze≫
Using a haze meter (1001DP type, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), arbitrary 10 points were measured, and an average value was obtained.

≪Heismura≫
The standard deviation value of the 10-point measurement was defined as Heismura.

≪Haze after saving≫
The cellulose ester film was stored in an environment of 23 ° C. and 80% RH for 2 weeks after production, and the above haze measurement was performed again.

≪Dirt≫
The cellulose ester film was visually observed under a dark room midpoint light source (halogen lamp) and judged according to the following criteria.
○: No dirt is observed.
Δ: A thin stain can be observed. Not observed under room light.
X: Dirt can be observed at a glance. Observed under room light.

  In the table, T900 represents Tinuvin900 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and S250 represents Sumisorb250 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Example 2
(Production of polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device)
A 120 μm-thick polyvinyl alcohol film was immersed in 100 parts by mass of an aqueous solution containing 1 part by mass of iodine and 4 parts by mass of boric acid, and longitudinally stretched 6 times at 50 ° C. to produce a polarizing film.

  Next, the cellulose ester film of the present invention was used as a polarizing plate protective film on the viewing side, and the opposite side was immersed in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of Konica Minolta Opto KC4UY (manufactured by Konica Minolta Opto Co., Ltd.) at 60 ° C. and a concentration of 2 mol / l for 2 minutes. Then, the plate was washed with water, dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and a polarizing plate on which the polarizing plate protective film of the present invention was bonded using an adhesive made of a completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol 5% aqueous solution on both sides of the polarizing film. Produced. A polarizing plate was similarly prepared for the comparative polarizing plate protective film.

  One side of the obtained polarizing plate was subjected to corona treatment at a treatment amount of 50 dyn / cm to laminate an adhesive layer, and subjected to aging treatment at room temperature for 1 week. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 99.9 parts by mass on a release film (38 μm single-sided silicone-treated polyethylene terephthalate film) and an acrylic ester adhesive (mass ratio of butyl acrylate to acrylic acid is 95: 5). A solution obtained by mixing 0.1 parts by mass of trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate as a crosslinking agent was applied and dried.

  The obtained polarizing plate is carefully peeled off the polarizing plate previously bonded to a commercially available liquid crystal display device, and the polarizing plate prepared according to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate originally applied is pasted to prepare a liquid crystal display device. did. This liquid crystal display device was evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 3.

≪Spotted unevenness≫
The light and darkness appearing as dots or planes when displaying black was visually observed and ranked according to the following criteria.

Rank Standard A A uniform dark field with no light loss B Partially slightly bright and dark C Partially bright and dark D D Partially bright and dark E E Bright and dark are recognized

It is explanatory drawing of the apparatus which manufactures the cellulose-ester film of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Extruder 2 Filter 3 Static mixer 4 Die (including thickness adjusting means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Touch roll 6 1st cooling roll 7 2nd cooling roll 8 Peeling roll 9 Dancer roll 10 Stretching machine 11 Slitter 12 Thickness measuring means 13 Embossing ring and back roll 14 Winding machine 15 Film wound up

Claims (6)

Contains at least one cellulose ester and at least one additive of Tm-50 <Td1 <Tm + 50, and the image clarity C value is 90 or more and 100 or less in transmission measurement of comb teeth 0.125 mm. A method for producing a cellulose ester film by melt film formation, comprising at least a step of extruding a melt of the cellulose ester and an additive from a die, and the melt extruded from the die between a cooling roll and an elastic touch roll. And a step of casting while pressing in this order, and the surface temperature Tr of the cooling roll is Tg-50 ≦ Tr ≦ Tg.
Td1: 1% by mass reduction temperature of additive (° C.)
Tm: Melting temperature when extruding the melt from the die (° C)
Tg: Glass transition temperature of cellulose ester film (° C.)
Tr: surface temperature of the cooling roll (° C.) Contains at least one cellulose ester and at least one additive of Tm-50 <Td1 <Tm + 50, and the image clarity C value is 90 or more and 100 or less in transmission measurement of comb teeth 0.125 mm. A method for producing a cellulose ester film by melt film formation, comprising at least a step of extruding a melt of the cellulose ester and an additive from a die, and the melt extruded from the die between a first cooling roll and an elastic touch roll. The first cooling roll has a surface temperature Tr1 of Tg−50 ≦ Tr1 ≦ Tg and the second cooling roll has a step of casting while pressing in between and a step of contacting the second cooling roll in this order. The surface temperature Tr2 of this is Tg-50 <= Tr2 <= Tg, The manufacturing method of the cellulose-ester film characterized by the above-mentioned.
Td1: 1% by mass reduction temperature of additive (° C.)
Tm: Melting temperature when extruding the melt from the die (° C)
Tg: Glass transition temperature of cellulose ester film (° C.)
Tr1: Surface temperature of the first cooling roll (° C.)
Tr2: Surface temperature of second cooling roll (° C.) The method for producing a cellulose ester film according to claim 2, wherein Tr1 and Tr2 satisfy Tr2> Tr1. A cellulose ester film produced by the production method according to claim 1. A polarizing plate using the cellulose ester film according to claim 4. A liquid crystal display device using the cellulose ester film according to claim 4.

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