JP2008173041A - Method for increasing vitamin-d content of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for easily obtaining artificially cultivated mushroom having high vitamin D content. <P>SOLUTION: A method for increasing vitamin D content of mushroom includes forming primordia through giving mushroom hypha stimulation, and continuing to irradiate visible light of an illumination intensity of 300-900 lux, preferably 400-800 lux until harvest of carpophores after primordium formation. The stimulation for forming primordia may be irradiation with visible light of an illumination intensity of 300-900 lux. The wavelength of visible light is 400-780 nm. The method is suitable especially for mushroom belonging to basidiomycete Homobasidiomycetes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for increasing vitamin D content in artificial cultivation of mushrooms.

  In recent years, most of the mushrooms in the distribution process are artificially cultivated indoors. In artificial mushroom cultivation indoors, only weak light of about 10 to 100 lux is irradiated. Therefore, the vitamin D content of artificially grown mushrooms is low. Thus, methods have been proposed for increasing the vitamin D content of mushrooms.

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes a mushroom treatment method characterized by irradiating growing fruit bodies or freshly harvested mushrooms with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 290 to 350 nm. In this method, it is necessary to intermittently irradiate ultraviolet rays having a specific wavelength for a short time in order to avoid killing mushrooms by ultraviolet irradiation.

JP2000-157045

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the vitamin D content of mushrooms without using ultraviolet rays that may adversely affect the growth of mushrooms.

  The present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and have completed the present invention.

  That is, the present invention provides a mushroom fungus characterized by stimulating mushroom mycelia to form a primordium and continuing to irradiate visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux until the fruit body is harvested after the formation of the primordium. It relates to a method for increasing the vitamin D content.

The method of the present invention includes a method performed in any one or more of the following (1) to (4).
(1) The above method in which the stimulus for forming the primordial is irradiation of visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux, in other words, irradiation of mushroom mycelia with visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux. A method for increasing the vitamin D content of mushrooms, characterized by forming a primordium and then continuing to irradiate visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux until the fruiting body is harvested,
(2) The above method using visible light having a wavelength in the range of 400 to 780 nm,
(3) The above-mentioned method wherein the illuminance of visible light is 400 to 800 lux, and (4) the mushroom belongs to the Basidiomycete family basidiomycete subnet, and preferably belongs to the genus Glyphora belonging to the genus Sarcophaly The above method is.

  In addition, the present invention is a method suitable for a mushroom selected from the group consisting of shiitake mushroom, eringi, maitake and anninko, and a method more suitable for a mushroom selected from the group consisting of eringi, maitake and anninko, It is a method that is even more suitable for the ginseng and is particularly suitable for the ginseng. Here, “Anninkou” refers to a mushroom whose scientific name is Grifola gargal and a mushroom whose scientific name is Grifola sordulenta. In addition, Maitake is a mushroom belonging to the genus Griphora, like the Anninkou, and its scientific name is called Grifola frondosa.

  According to the present invention, artificially cultivated mushrooms having a high vitamin D content can be easily obtained.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the best mode for carrying out the invention.

  In artificial cultivation of mushrooms, for example, fungus bed cultivation, first, inoculum is inoculated into a medium containing a medium such as sawdust, a nutrient such as rice bran, bran, beer lees, and water, and the hyphae are grown. Here, the ratio of the medium base material to the nutrient material (volume ratio) is usually 4 to 11, preferably 5 to 9, with respect to the nutrient material 1. The moisture content is usually 60 to 70%.

  The medium obtained by mixing the above components is placed in a culture bottle or a culture bag, sterilized under high pressure, and used after being cooled.

  The environmental conditions during the growth of the mycelium vary somewhat depending on the type of mushroom, but the temperature is usually 18 to 30 ° C., preferably 18 to 25 ° C., and the relative humidity is usually 50 to 80%, preferably 60 ~ 70%, substantially dark.

  In the present invention, when the mycelium spreads in the medium, the mycelium is stimulated to form a primordium. The stimulus for forming the primordium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include light irradiation, temperature change, and physical impact.

  The timing for stimulating the mycelium is a suitable period of primordial formation, for example, when the mycelium spreads in the medium and the medium becomes white due to the presence of the mycelium. Whether or not the mycelium has spread in the medium and has become a suitable period for primordial formation can be determined by observing the state of the mycelium in the medium. In the case of anninko, the fragrance is released when the mycelium grows, and when the mycelium spreads in the medium, the fragrance rapidly decreases. Therefore, when the fragrance is lowered, the mycelium should be stimulated.

  Once the primordial is formed, visible light with an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux is continued until the fruit body is harvested. This dramatically increases the vitamin D content of the mushrooms.

  Here, visible light refers to light having a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm, but it is preferable to use light having a wavelength of 400 to 780 nm that does not include near ultraviolet rays.

  The illuminance is 300 to 900 lux, preferably 400 to 800 lux, and more preferably 500 to 750 lux.

  In addition, when carrying out the method of the present invention, specifically, the culture conditions other than the above-mentioned wavelength and illuminance from the formation of the primordium to the harvest may be the same as those usually employed. For example, the temperature is usually 10 to 30 ° C., preferably 15 to 25 ° C., and the relative humidity is usually 80 to 100%, preferably 90 to 100%.

  The harvest time of fruit bodies is usually judged by their size and color. In addition, in annin carrot, it is good to harvest, for example, when it becomes 80 to 120g per 1 kg of culture medium.

  In the method of the present invention, irradiation with visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux can be selected as a stimulus for forming the primordium. In this case, when the mycelium spreads in the medium, irradiation with visible light with an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux is started, and then irradiation with visible light with an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux is continued until the fruit body is harvested. .

  The method of the present invention can be applied to any artificially cultivated mushroom, but is particularly suitable for mushrooms belonging to the Basidiomycetes fungus subfamily. The basidiomycete subfamily Basidiomycetes include the order of the order Hidanas, Agaric and Fuchkin. The genus Glyphora belonging to the genus Sarcophagus belongs to the genus Maitake and Anninkou, the genus Asteraceae belongs to the genus Asteraceae, and the genus Shiitake belongs to the genus Shitake mushroom.

  The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for mushrooms belonging to the genus Gryphora belonging to the genus Sarcophagus, particularly suitable for Anninkou.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.

(Artificial cultivation of shiitake, eringi and maitake)
1. Preparation of Medium Using hardwood sawdust as a medium base material, rice bran and bran as a nutrient material, these were mixed at a culture substrate: nutrient = 5: 1 (volume ratio). Water was added to this to make the water content 65%. The medium thus prepared was placed in a culture bag having an internal volume of 2.5 kg and sterilized under high pressure at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes. This culture bag had an opening at the top, and a hole was formed above the main body, and a non-woven fabric filter was attached to the hole. This filter allows gas to pass but basically prevents passage of germs.

2. Cultivation of mycelia After the medium had cooled, the medium was inoculated with seeds through the mouth of the culture bag, and the opening of the culture bag was closed. The culture was performed under conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C., a relative humidity of 60%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 1,000 ppm, and substantially dark.

3. Irradiation of visible light Since the mycelium grew smoothly, visible light was irradiated as a stimulus after inoculation of the inoculum after 80 days for shiitake and 60 days for eringi and maitake to form a primordium. Thereafter, irradiation with visible light was continued until harvesting.

  The light source used was a white fluorescent lamp, and its wavelength was 380 to 750 nm, mainly 400 to 700 nm, but a filter was used to cut the wavelength less than 400 nm. Visible light was irradiated from the top of the shelf on which the culture bags were arranged. The number of shelves is four, and is referred to as the x-th column in order from the top. The illuminance varied somewhat depending on the position of the culture shelf, and the illuminance at the first stage and the third stage were within the ranges shown in Table 1, respectively. For comparison, culture was also performed with a light-shielding net. The illuminance under the light-shielding net was within the range shown in Table 1. In addition, the culture conditions when culturing while irradiating visible light were 15 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% or more.

  Since the primordia were formed by irradiation with visible light and grew into fruiting bodies, the seeds were harvested after 94 days for shiitake and 70 days for eringi and maitake from inoculation. The number of culture bags used in the experiment was 10 for each condition.

4). Measurement of water content A part of the harvested mushrooms was left to stand overnight at 45 ° C., then left at 70 ° C. for 1 hour, and further left at 105 ° C. for 4 hours to be dried. The water content of raw mushrooms was determined by comparing the weight before and after drying. The results are shown in Table 1.

5. Measurement of Vitamin D Content Vitamin D content of harvested mushrooms was measured by HPLC method. Specifically, it measured as follows.

  A part of the harvested mushrooms was left overnight at 45 ° C. and then left at 70 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a dried mushroom sample. Add 2 ml of 1% (w / v) aqueous sodium chloride solution, 10 ml of ethanol solution of 3% (w / v) pyrogallol and 2 ml of 60% (w / v) aqueous potassium hydroxide solution to 2 g of dried mushroom sample, and bath at 70 ° C. The mixture was heated for 60 minutes and then allowed to stand at room temperature for saponification. After cooling, 19 ml of a 1% (w / v) sodium chloride aqueous solution and 15 ml of an ethyl acetate-n-hexane mixed solution (1: 9, v / v) were added, and the mixture was shaken, centrifuged, and ethyl acetate-n- The hexane layer was separated. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in a hexane-2-propanol mixed solution (99: 1, v / v). This was used as a vitamin D fraction sample.

  This sample was subjected to HPLC (SPD-10AV VP, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the vitamin D fraction was fractionated. The column used was LiChrosorb Si 60 (250 mm × 4.6 mm id) manufactured by Chemco, and the mobile phase was a hexane-2-propanol mixed solution (99: 1, v / v), The flow rate was 1.5 ml / min. Vitamin D elution was determined by absorption at a wavelength of 265 nm.

  The obtained vitamin D fraction was subjected to HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, SPD-20A) to quantify vitamin D. The column used was YMC-Pack ODS-AL (250 mm × 4.6 mm id) manufactured by YMC Co., and the mobile phase was an acetonitrile-water mixture (9: 1, v / v). The flow rate was 1.5 ml / min. Vitamin D elution was determined by absorption at a wavelength of 265 nm.

  The results are shown in Table 1. As is clear from Table 1, all of shiitake mushrooms, eringi and maitake mushrooms spread the hyphae in the medium, and from the time when the primordium formation is suitable until the harvest, the average light intensity is about 600 lux. Vitamin D content increased dramatically by continuing irradiation.

(An artificial cultivation of Anninkou)
1. Medium Preparation A medium was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

2. Cultivation of mycelia After the medium had cooled, the medium was inoculated with seeds through the mouth of the culture bag, and the opening of the culture bag was closed. Culturing was performed under conditions of a temperature of 20 ° C., a relative humidity of 60%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 1,000 ppm, and substantially dark.

3. Irradiation of visible light Since the mycelium grew smoothly, visible light was irradiated as a stimulus 60 days after inoculation with the inoculum to form a primordium. Thereafter, irradiation with visible light was continued until harvesting. Visible light irradiation conditions and culture conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  Visible light irradiation formed a primordium that grew into fruiting bodies and was harvested 94 to 96 days after inoculation. The number of culture bags used in the experiment was 10 for each condition.

4). Measurement of average yield and observation of fruit body shape The weight of mushrooms harvested from each culture bag was measured. Moreover, the shape was observed. The results are shown in Table 2.

5. Measurement of moisture content The moisture content of raw mushrooms was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

6). Measurement of Vitamin D Content Vitamin D content of harvested mushrooms was measured by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

7). Measurement of ergosterol content The ergosterol content of harvested mushrooms was measured. Specifically, it measured as follows. Ergosterol is a kind of precursor of vitamin D.

  A 2 g dry mushroom sample was subjected to an extraction process using 1 ml cyclohexane. 4 ml of 10% (w / v) potassium hydroxide in methanol is added to the cyclohexane after the extraction treatment, sonication is performed for 15 minutes, the mixture is heated in a 70 ° C. water bath for 90 minutes, and then left at room temperature for 45 minutes. And saponified. After cooling, 1 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of cyclohexane were added, and after sufficient stirring, centrifugation was performed. The upper cyclohexane layer was separated and concentrated to dryness under a nitrogen stream at 40 ° C. This was used as a sample for ergosterol analysis.

  This sample was subjected to HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, L-6A) to quantify ergosterol. The column used was STR ODS-II (150 mm × 4.6 mm id) manufactured by Shinwa Kako Co., Ltd., and the mobile phase was methanol. Further, elution of ergosterol was determined by absorption at a wavelength of 272 nm. The results are shown in Table 3.

  As apparent from Table 2, the anninkou obtained by carrying out the method of the present invention had a sufficient yield and a satisfactory shape. Further, as apparent from Table 3, even if the illuminance of visible light is different, the ergosterol content of mushrooms is not greatly different, but the vitamin D content is continuously irradiated with visible light at the illuminance specified in the present invention. As a result, it increased dramatically.

Claims (6)

Increased vitamin D content in mushrooms, characterized by stimulating mushroom mycelia to form primordia and continuing to irradiate visible light with an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux until the fruiting body is harvested after primordium formation How to make. The method for increasing the vitamin D content of mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the stimulus for forming the primordium is irradiation with visible light having an illuminance of 300 to 900 lux. The method for increasing the vitamin D content of mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelength of visible light is 400 to 780 nm. The method for increasing the vitamin D content of a mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the illuminance of visible light is 400 to 800 lux. The method for increasing the vitamin D content of a mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mushroom belongs to the Basidiomycete family basidiomycete subnet. The method for increasing the vitamin D content of a mushroom according to claim 5, wherein the mushroom belongs to the genus Glyphora belonging to the order moss.