JP2008161126A - Aquaculture system using water for artificial breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aquaculture system enabling aquaculture at reduced cost in an inland area. <P>SOLUTION: The aquaculture system comprises a breeding tank 1 installed in an underground space, water 6 for artificial breeding filled in the breeding tank 1 and containing sodium, calcium and potassium so as to be 1.004 or higher in specific gravity but not higher than that of natural seawater with the abundance ratio of potassium to calcium being 0.93 to that in natural seawater and the abundance ratio of sodium to calcium plus potassium being 55 to that in natural seawater, a circulating device 7 for circulating the water 6 for artificial breeding filled in the breeding tank 1, and a filtering device 4 for filtering the water 6 for artificial breeding filled in the breeding tank 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a system for aquaculture of saltwater fish in inland areas, and more specifically, it is used for breeding saltwater fish, freshwater fish, or these fish by filling artificial breeding water in livestock tanks in tunnels, caves, or underground. The present invention relates to an aquaculture system for cultivating plant and animal plankton used.

Fish farming has been practiced for a long time, but traditionally farmed is a seawater fish that inhabits the sea, and builds a ginger that becomes a closed environment using seawater as it is around the bay. In the case of river fish, if it was a river fish, it was still cultivated by building a closed environment by blocking the river.
In addition, fish that inhabit the sea were sometimes bred on land, but seawater is considered essential for breeding saltwater fish, and a large amount of seawater is required for breeding inland, so inexpensive breeding is not possible. I was in

Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of aquaculture as much as possible, we developed artificial seawater that is cheaper than the transportation cost of natural seawater, and even on land, artificial seawater generated from fresh water such as tap water without transporting seawater from the sea. The aquarium was filled with aquaculture.
In this artificial seawater, in order to approximate the state of natural seawater, generally, the same amount of salt as that contained in natural seawater has been contained.
That is, in natural seawater, the most common sodium chloride is about 23 to 28 (g) in 1 (kg) of seawater having a specific gravity of 1.02 to 1.03. Other salts in natural seawater include magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium bromide, etc. Usually, it is around 35 (g) in 1 (kg) of seawater, that is, 35 (‰) in weight ratio. Therefore, in principle, artificial seawater was prepared in accordance with the composition of such natural seawater.
In addition, in the fertilization of artificial marine organisms using conventional artificial seawater, abnormal eggs over time appear frequently, and for example, in sea urchin eggs that react sensitively to artificial seawater other than natural seawater, Because it reacts sensitively to a small amount of physiologically harmful components, normal fertilization / occurrence rate is difficult to obtain, the rate of reaching Pluteus larvae within a predetermined time is low, and natural seawater performed under the same conditions Compared to natural seawater, it had problems unique to artificial seawater, such as a delay in the development stage compared to the previous experiment.

  Further, in the cultivation of saltwater fish, stable aquaculture is required throughout the year, and it is preferable that edible or ornamental adult fish can be cultivated through artificial hatching and rearing of fry on the land. To achieve this, it is necessary to keep the breeding water at a comfortable temperature (around 20 ° C.) throughout the year.

However, as in the past, when constructing a large-scale intermediate breeding ground that is, for example, 100 (t) or more in the inland area, securing seawater or manufacturing artificial seawater is an absolute condition. The cost of transporting natural seawater or the cost of manufacturing artificial seawater has become enormous and production costs have become expensive. As a result, the price of fish cultivated inland has become expensive.
In addition, in order to keep the temperature of the artificial seawater at a comfortable temperature (around 20 ° C) throughout the year, the artificial seawater is warmed by a warming machine in the winter, and the temperature of the artificial seawater rises too much during the hot summer season. Therefore, the artificial seawater must be cooled by a cooling device, and energy such as kerosene and electricity necessary to adjust the temperature of the artificial seawater is essential, and it is difficult to reduce the cost of aquaculture. did.

Therefore, as a result of repeated thoughts to solve the above problems, the inventor first came up with the idea that natural seawater could be diluted and used in order to keep the cost of breeding water low.
However, even if natural seawater is diluted and used, the transportation cost for transporting natural seawater by land is essential even if the amount is small, and a breeding tank is installed to reduce the transportation cost of natural seawater. It is necessary to make the place convenient for transportation, and there is a problem that the place where the farm is installed can be restricted. Furthermore, tap water and the like for dilution are also required, and further, the problem of establishment of a dilution tank and prevention of epidemics cannot be avoided.
Therefore, if we add more thought and add active salts to tap water, river water, or groundwater that can be easily secured even inland, and realize low specific gravity, we think that low-cost breeding water can be obtained. It came to.
Therefore, in seawater, there were about 60 types of compositions except for radioisotopes, and those related to osmotic pressure of fish were determined, and it was thought that it was best to add the minimum necessary components, and various experiments were repeated. .
On the other hand, I came up with the idea of keeping the temperature of breeding water constant throughout the year near a comfortable temperature.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention, as artificial seawater, adds fewer types of salts than those contained in natural seawater to tap water, river water or groundwater, and the content of the salts in artificial seawater. The objective is to provide artificial seawater that can be manufactured at a low cost by reducing the types and amounts of salts used per unit artificial seawater, which is sufficiently reduced. The objective is to create an environment where there is little temperature change near a comfortable temperature.

  Therefore, the artificial breeding water provided by the present invention obtained from various experiments conducted by the inventor uses only a very small amount of salts, and the concentration of these salts in the artificial breeding water is minimized. In addition, so that the breeding environment can be raised as an environment where artificial breeding water can change with a small temperature change around a comfortable temperature throughout the year,

  A breeding tank installed in a space of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius inside the surface of the earth, and breeding water filled in the breeding tank and used for artificial breeding of seawater and freshwater organisms, with a specific gravity of 1.004 or more Sodium, calcium, potassium is added to the breeding water so that it is less than natural seawater, the abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is 0.93 to the abundance ratio in natural seawater, and the abundance ratio of sodium to calcium and potassium is 55 to natural seawater. Artificial breeding water contained so as to have an abundance ratio, breeding water circulation device for circulating the artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank, and a filtration device for filtering the artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank Aquaculture system with artificial breeding water, characterized by comprising

  as well as,

A breeding tank installed in a space within the surface of the earth and having an ambient temperature of 15 ° C to 30 ° C;
It is a breeding water filled in the breeding tank and used for artificial breeding of seawater organisms and freshwater organisms, containing 0.1002 (g / l) or more of calcium and 0.09419 (g / l) or more of potassium in the breeding water And artificial breeding water containing sodium in addition to calcium and potassium so that the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater,
A breeding water circulation device that circulates artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank,
An aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, comprising a filtration device for filtering artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank;

I will provide a. This aquaculture system using artificial breeding water was used to identify what is the minimum necessary amount of salt from various salts present in seawater in order to produce artificial breeding water at low cost and easily. The result is obtained. That is, as a result of an experiment to combine the various salts in seawater and reduce the specific gravity of the breeding water and specify the minimum specific gravity and minimum constituent salts of artificial breeding water that allows the breeding fish to grow well, The minimum elements required for addition are sodium, calcium, and potassium. The ratio of sodium to calcium is about 0.93, which is the best value for fish breeding. Even if the specific gravity is reduced to 1.004 (the salt concentration is reduced). Even so) I came to know that it does not affect fish breeding.

This value is expressed by the content ratio of each element in artificial breeding water, the abundance ratio of potassium to calcium is 0.93, and the minimum contents are 0.1002 (g / l) and 0.09419 (g / l) for calcium and potassium, respectively. It is. And by adding only 0.1002 (g / l) and 0.09419 (g / l) respectively for calcium and potassium, the specific gravity is less than 1.004, so when sodium is added until it reaches 1.004, the sodium content becomes calcium and potassium. Is approximately 55 times that of 10.69145 (g / l). Based on these findings, it was found that the content of artificial breeding water of calcium and potassium was changed to the same level as natural seawater, so that it did not affect the breeding of fish in artificial breeding water. Furthermore, as a result of adding sodium to artificial breeding water and changing it to the concentration of natural seawater, it has been found that it does not affect fish breeding.
The artificial breeding water containing these components is filled in the breeding tank provided in the ground, 3m from the ground such as underground, abandoned tunnels, or cave, and the cultured fish is raised. . Inside the ground surface that is 3m from the ground surface, preferably inside the ground surface about 5m, it is not affected by the outside air due to the effects of geothermal heat, etc. It is kept constant at about 18 ° C. Of course, the depth inside the ground varies depending on the region / land where the breeding tank is installed, but it is a good environment if the ambient temperature is 15 ° C. to 30 ° C.
Furthermore, in the present invention, as artificial breeding water added with a large amount of magnesium contained in natural seawater and brought close to the components of natural seawater,

  Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is added to 1.6897 (g / l) to natural seawater abundance, artificial breeding water with a specific gravity of 1.004 or more and natural seawater or less,

A system is provided to keep the animal in the breeding tank. In this artificial breeding water, the abundance ratio is larger than potassium and calcium in natural seawater, and magnesium, which is less related to the osmotic pressure of fish, is added so as to be equivalent to the abundance ratio in the natural seawater, Furthermore, it can be brought close to a natural seawater environment, and artificial breeding water is a suitable environmental water for fish.
Similarly, the inventor adjusted the abundance ratio of each component and experimented by producing suitable environmental waters for various fish species. As a result, depending on the fish species, the specific gravity of trough puffer was particularly lighter. Because it came to know that even if the content of is low, it does not affect the breeding,

  In the artificial breeding water, the content of each component is 0.25 to 1 times the breeding water, and suitable for breeding pufferfish with the same proportion of each component.

We have provided an aquaculture system that fills artificial breeding water in the breeding tank and cultivates it in an environment where the ambient temperature changes little year round.

As described above, by adjusting each element of calcium, potassium, and sodium in the artificial breeding water, it is possible to breed with good quality just by adding a very small amount of salts compared to natural seawater. In other words, in the conventional artificial seawater, 7.0587 (g / l) and about 1/3 of the amount of sodium chloride of 20 (g / l) or more was added to bring it closer to natural seawater. Since it can be implemented by the amount, it has an effect peculiar to the present invention that artificial breeding water can be provided at low cost.
In addition, when used in breeding marine tropical fish, which is an ornamental fish, natural seawater or artificial seawater with a high concentration of salt can reduce the amount of solid salts adhering in large quantities around the filtration device, etc. This has the effect of reducing the rust caused by the solidified salt, and has the effect unique to the present invention in that the appearance around the water tank is not impaired.
And, since aquaculture tanks are installed in underground caverns, abandoned tunnels or caves, and the artificial breeding water is filled and cultured, the temperature of the artificial breeding water is kept at an appropriate temperature throughout the year. Since aquaculture is possible, it has the effect peculiar to this application that the growth of cultured fish becomes favorable.

  Moreover, there was no occurrence of fish disease in all the reared fish in the experiment reared with the artificial rearing water according to the present invention. For this reason, in artificial breeding water, the pH and the concentration of each salt are between seawater and fresh water, and there is no addition of unnecessary salts, etc., so there is no need for protozoa such as bacterial, viral, and ciliates. Causes of common fish pathological diseases classified as parasitic arthropods, as well as protozoa that are the source of fish pathogenic diseases that are broadly classified into seawater and freshwater, with some exceptions such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus Artificial breeding water with high resistance to the invasion of foreign enemies that cause these fish disease, which can be assumed to be unknown water quality that is neither natural seawater nor fresh water that has never been experienced for animals and pathogens It is possible to obtain Thus, when breeding, it is not necessary to give antibiotics to the breeding water, so that the cost can be further reduced, and it is possible to provide a safe edible cultured fish.

  Furthermore, as described in the examples, the growth status of the domestic fish was compared between the natural seawater and the artificial breeding water according to the present application for about one month, and the weight of the natural seawater was 81.46 (%). While the increase was recognized, the artificial breeding water according to the present application has an effect peculiar to the present application that allows the breeding fish to be bred at an early stage with respect to natural seawater as the weight increase of 119.07 (%) was recognized.

Furthermore, ammonia is generated when raising a domestic fish. As shown in FIG. 3, this ammonia is a dissociated ammonium ion (NH ₄ ⁺ ) that does not affect fish and toxic ammonia (NH _3). ) Are in equilibrium. And since the parallel constant of ammonia is likely to change to toxic non-dissociated ammonia when the temperature is high, high salt, and high pH, in artificial breeding water having a lower pH than natural seawater, the generation of toxic ammonia can be suppressed. Compared to breeding with natural seawater, breeding is possible only by installing a small filtering device, and the present invention has an effect specific to the present application that equipment costs can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the inland area where seawater cannot be secured, in order to build a consistent production system from seed production to intermediate breeding, fertilized eggs of trough pufferfish, a natural new fish, are used for breeding with artificial breeding water and natural seawater. When the hatching rate in the breeding was investigated, the hatching rate was 30 (%) in natural seawater, whereas the hatching rate was 60 (%) in artificial breeding water mixed with 10 (%) natural seawater. It is possible to secure the rate, and it has an effect peculiar to the present application that makes it possible to establish an efficient and consistent seed production system from hatching to breeding.

  Furthermore, marine Nannochloropsis, which is indispensable for cultivating the rotifer, widely used as the initial feed for hatchling larvae, is a general culture method in which fertilization is applied to 100% natural seawater. However, the culture density greatly changes depending on conditions such as location, time, seawater quality, etc., so stable culture management requires skill, and accordingly, rotifer culture also requires skill, According to the present invention, the specific gravity is lower than that of natural seawater and suitable conditions for the propagation of rotifers, and rotifers can be efficiently cultured. Phytoplankton can be cultured as well as Nannochloropsis.

  Therefore, when cultivating seawater fish on land using a large-scale water tank (livestock tank) or the like, it is possible to perform well from the breeding larva breeding to the shipment of the growing fish on land by artificial breeding water according to the present invention. There is an effect specific to the present application.

In river water, groundwater or tap water, sodium chloride is 7.0587 (g / l), calcium chloride dihydrate is 0.3641 (g / l), potassium chloride is 0.18125 (g / l) Dissolve to make artificial breeding water. At this time, artificial breeding water has a specific gravity of approximately 1.004.
In particular, artificial breeding water for breeding trough puffer can be carried out even if the concentration of the salt is further lowered. Sodium chloride to be dissolved is 1.781 (g / l), calcium chloride dihydrate is 0.092 (g / l), Potassium chloride can be implemented as 0.045 (g / l).
The artificial breeding water to be implemented is filled in a breeding tank (livestock breeding tank) with a capacity of about 4800 (t).
Also, a breeding / circulating device for circulating the water in the breeding tank (livestock breeding tank) is provided. This breeding and circulating device is configured to branch from a part of the breeding tank (livestock aquaculture tank) and return to the breeding tank (livestock aquaculture tank) again, and further includes a power unit such as a circulation pump in the middle of the circulation path. The artificial breeding water in the breeding tank (livestock breeding tank) is forcibly returned to the breeding tank (livestock breeding tank) and circulated.
Then, a filtration device is provided in the middle of the circulation path, and the artificial breeding water when it is circulated is filtered to enable separation and removal of fish meal and leftover food, and further, pH adjustment and the like can be performed. An environment suitable for aquaculture is constructed by adjusting the pH of artificial breeding water by passing a pH adjusting agent made of granular coral or the like inside.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1A and 1B are schematic views of a water tank and a filtration device used for an observation experiment. FIG. 1A is a side explanatory view, FIG. 1B is a plane explanatory view, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view comparing growth rates. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an equilibrium state of ammonia, FIG. 4 shows an aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, (a) is a side view of the system, and (b) is a plan view of the system.

When it is assumed that large-scale intermediate breeding grounds that have 100 (t) or more in the inland area away from the sea are to be bred efficiently, it is generally necessary to secure ample seawater. It is an absolute requirement and is considered a lifeline for fish breeding. However, securing abundant seawater requires a lot of cost to transport seawater, so artificial seawater must be considered.
However, artificial seawater has been thought to provide a good environment for breeding by bringing it close to natural seawater as much as possible, so several salts equivalent to natural seawater are dissolved to the same concentration as natural seawater. As a result, the costs associated with artificial seawater were enormous.
Therefore, the inventor has come up with an attempt to breed (cultivate) edible seawater fish such as red sea bream and yellowtail in an environment of low salt and low concentration different from natural seawater, instead of bringing artificial seawater close to natural seawater.

Therefore, the inventor considered that it was best to determine the composition related to the osmotic pressure of fish from the salt in about 60 kinds of natural seawater except for radioisotopes and add the minimum necessary components.
In addition, in each experiment shown below, as shown in FIG. 1, it experimented using the filtration filter which consists of a sealed filtration tank in a water tank of about 100 (l). Then, ceramic was added to the filtration filter to adjust the pH of the breeding water over a long period of adjustment. In addition, although the foam separation apparatus 4 is described in FIG. 1, the foam separation apparatus 4 is used for removing floating substances such as fish droppings and surplus food in the breeding water in order to use the breeding water for a long time. It is not used in short-term experiments. Also, although the breeding water cooling device 5 is also described, this is installed in order to keep the breeding water temperature constant according to the experimental environment because the temperature of the breeding water rises too much in the water tank installed outdoors in summer. Is.

The inventor tried an experiment to identify a necessary element as artificial breeding water (preferred environmental water) and its abundance.
Therefore, the inventor came up with the idea of comparing the body fluids of mammals and fish with the components of natural seawater when determining the essential components. In order to further reduce the types of salts to be added and further reduce the types of salts to be added, an experiment was conducted to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundance from the six elements.
It is known that body fluids of mammals and fish are mainly composed of sodium chloride, potassium and phosphoric acid. In addition, there are these components in the composition of diluted natural seawater, and the main components are sodium (2.625 (g / l)), chlorine (4.750 (g / l)), potassium (0.0998 (g / l)) ), Calcium (0.103 (g / l)), magnesium (0.320 (g / l)), and sulfate (0.674 (g / l)). The inventor has come up with the idea of preparing artificial breeding water from these components by adjusting the components related to the osmotic pressure of the fish so that the fish can survive.

Therefore, in creating artificial breeding water (suitable environmental water), sodium 2.625 (g / l), chlorine 4.750 (g / l), potassium 0.0998 (g / l), calcium 0.103 (g / l) ), Magnesium 0.320 (g / l) and Sulfate 0.674 (g / l) so that each contains sodium chloride (industrial salt), magnesium chloride (industrial salt), calcium chloride (primary reagent), magnesium sulfate (Industrial salt), potassium chloride (primary reagent) 5 reagents are added to river water, and the reagent is adjusted with 6 elements and 5 reagents containing chlorine, and a red sea bream 5 (tail) with a body length of 10 (cm) is released in this breeding water. A 50 day breeding experiment was conducted.
In addition, it was thought that phosphoric acid was replenished from the metabolism of fish by feeding, and it was not added.
As a result, the red sea bream was not drowned and no abnormalities were observed, and it was possible to rear it well.

In order to reduce the components to be added after the experiment, an experiment was conducted to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundance from the six elements. That is, the addition of magmagnesium chloride overlapping as magnesium ions in the 6 elements was stopped, and breeding water was prepared by adding 5 elements with 4 reagents. ) Was released for 3 weeks, and as a result, it grew smoothly without drowning, had good body color, and was kept in a good environment. The specific gravity of artificial breeding water not added with magnesium chloride is 1.006.
In addition, it was thought that phosphoric acid was replenished from the metabolism of fish by feeding, and it was not added.
And, as a result of carrying out rearing by releasing a red sea bream 5 (tail) with a body length of 10 (cm) in the artificial breeding water, there was no problem such as drowning for about 3 weeks, and the body color was good and it grew smoothly. It was confirmed that it was a safe breeding environment.

The inventor tried an experiment to identify the essential elements of fish and their abundance from the breeding water using the six elements and four reagents in order to further reduce the types of salts. And as a result of adding various components at the abundance ratio of these components in diluted natural seawater and repeating experiments,
Sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l)
Calcium chloride dihydrate 0.3641 (g / l)
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
Breeding was attempted by adding only. At this time, the pH of the breeding water was 6.45 and the specific gravity was 1.004.
As a result, the 3 (tail) red sea bream with a body length of 12 (cm), which was bred, had good prey, but the scalp was deficient from about 2 weeks and drowned at 3 weeks.

Next, the inventor wondered whether other components could be reduced because it was an environment that could not be raised with artificial breeding water not containing magnesium. Therefore, the inventor paid attention to the fact that mainly potassium chloride and phosphoric acid are present in the cell fluid of marine fish, and only a small amount of sodium chloride is present. In other words, in marine fish, potassium ions, which are essential for fish, are selectively taken from seawater, and at the same time, sodium ions that are thought to be harmful by the action of the intracellular sodium pump are excreted from the salmon valve salt cells and kidneys. The water concentration is adjusted by suppressing the increase in salt concentration.
Then, since sodium chloride will be discharged | emitted from a body, it tried to produce breeding water and breed saltwater fish without adding sodium chloride beforehand. According to this, it was predicted that artificial breeding water could be developed without the need for sodium chloride having the largest amount of the six elements and four reagents in the breeding water (the cost for creating artificial breeding water increased).
That is, without adding any sodium chloride or magnesium sulfate, add 0.3641 (g / l) calcium chloride dihydrate and 0.18125 (g / l) potassium chloride, and make artificial breeding water to 12 (cm ) Red sea bream 3 (tail).
As a result, he immediately lost his sense of balance and became supine.

From these results, it was considered that the component added to the artificial breeding water could not be reduced more than the above 6 element 4 reagent.
Sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l)
0.3641 (g / l) calcium chloride dihydrate
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
Breeding with added artificial breeding water (hereinafter referred to as artificial breeding water with 3 reagents) is good at first, deteriorated after 2 weeks, and drowned in 3 weeks. Sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate were added at all. Paying attention to the fact that it was different from the result of dying immediately after breeding with no artificial breeding water, I examined the artificial breeding water with three reagents after breeding for 3 weeks in detail, it was 6.45 before breeding The pH was reduced to 4.8 when red sea bream died 3 weeks later.
In response to this, the pH at which red sea bream can survive was tested. As a result, it was found that the pH was about 5.0 to 8.4, and the experiment using artificial breeding water with the above three reagents was performed again. At that time, in addition to the rod-shaped ceramics used in the filtration device used, natural red coral sand was added to make the filtration device, and the calcium carbonate, the main component of the coral, gradually melted into the artificial breeding water to adjust the pH. The breeding experiment was performed in a possible state (a state in which it functions as a pH adjusting agent). The subjects housed red sea bream 2 (tail) with a body length of 15 (cm) and flounder 10 (tail) with a body length of 10 (cm) in separate water tanks.
As a result, both red sea bream and Japanese flounder can be bred smoothly for 2 months or longer without the occurrence of drowning, etc. The body length of red sea bream is 25 (cm) and that of flounder is 15 (cm) in about 2 months. Growth was seen.

As a result of the above experiment,
Sodium chloride 7.0587 (g / l)
0.3641 (g / l) calcium chloride dihydrate
Potassium chloride 0.18125 (g / l)
As a result, it has been determined that seawater fish can be kept well in artificial breeding water with a specific gravity of 1.004. Therefore, the breeding tank has a large capacity of 1000 (l) and the filtration device is normally used as a gravity drop type. To add rod-shaped ceramics 25 (l) and the coral sand 5 (l), and to conduct long-term breeding experiments, add foam separators and filter the artificial breeding water and add ozone for a long time I tried breeding.

As a result, it was found that good breeding without problems such as drowning was performed and grew smoothly, so that breeding over a long period of time was possible. Therefore, as a result of trying to breed other artificial fish in artificial breeding water with 3 reagents,
In the case of saltwater fish, there are red sea bream, sea bream, sea bream, flatfish, tiger pufferfish, sea lionfish, clownfish, five species of butterflyfish, four species of damselfish, scorpionfish, kingfisherfish, luryacco, horsetailed bonnet, kudagonbe, mahaze,
In crustaceans, it is a crab,
Among freshwater fish, carp, goldfish (runchu, baby red), neon tetra, black tetra, early cyclit, and sujishimadojo.
In this way, it has been found that artificial breeding water using three reagents can breed fish of any environment, from freshwater fish to saltwater fish, and that it is safe to breed freshwater fish and saltwater fish in the same tank. It was done.
In particular, for trough puffers, sodium chloride is 1.781 (g / l), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.426 (g / l), calcium chloride dihydrate is 0.092 (g / l), and potassium chloride is 0.045 (g / l). l) It was confirmed from experiments that it was possible to breed even with low-concentration artificial breeding water with added 3.5 (‰) (specific gravity 1.002), and it was also possible to breed without adding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. It was discovered from experiments.

In addition, the following effects were observed in breeding with artificial breeding water using three reagents.
That is,
In the case of breeding with artificial breeding water using 1.3 reagents (including further diluted breeding water for breeding trough puffer fish), there is no outbreak of fish disease in all fish.
In general, the causes of fish diseases are classified into protozoa such as bacterial, viral and ciliate and parasitic arthropods. Furthermore, with some exceptions such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it is roughly divided into seawater and freshwater.
Therefore, the number of general bacteria (standard plate number) in the artificial rearing water of the red sea bream storage tank was measured, but no bacteria were detected.
Also, in summer, when a golden white hare infected with monobened Benedenia (Benedenia), which is a problem in sea farming, is housed in artificial breeding water using the above three reagents, Peeled off and healed completely. This is presumed to be a damage to the parasite due to a sudden change in osmotic pressure.
In addition, when clownfish infected with Oodinium ocellatum and Trichodina were housed in artificial breeding water using the three reagents and observed, the course was completely cured in two weeks. This phenomenon is presumed to be a damage to these ciliates due to a rapid change in osmotic pressure, similar to the monopod Benedenosis.
Furthermore, trough pufferfish 10 (tail), which has a large caudal defect and exposed dermis, was housed in artificial breeding water with 3 reagents as described above and raised for 2 months, but continued to survive without vibrio infection. It was. This result indicates that traumatic Vibrio infection does not develop. Then, in contrast to this, the traumatic pufferfish where the caudal portion was greatly lost and the dermis was exposed was observed by the open-type rearing method in which the open sea water was directly replenished. Infection was inevitable.

  As described above, it has been found that the artificial breeding water using the three reagents has no disease caused by parasites and fungi. And, from these results, artificial breeding water is water that is not contained in seawater or fresh water and is not contained in nature in general and pH water, so these protozoa, water quality that pathogens themselves have not experienced, protozoa, It can be inferred that the pathogen is killed or unable to act.

2. It was found that the growth rate was better than that of natural seawater.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, in the 100 (l) tank, red sea bream 5 (cm) with a body length of 5 (cm) is placed in a natural seawater environment and red sea bream 5 (tail) with a length of 6 (cm) is artificially raised. The animals were reared in the environment, and the growth of red sea bream was followed up. The total weight was measured and compared every week.
As a result, the red sea bream in the natural seawater environment had a weight increase rate of 81.46 (%) after 4 weeks, while the red sea bream in the artificial breeding water environment had a weight increase rate of 119.07 (%).
Compared to the fact that 30% of energy metabolism is consumed for osmotic pressure adjustment in breeding in natural seawater, this phenomenon reduces the energy metabolism associated with osmotic pressure in artificial breeding water because of low osmotic pressure. This suggests that the secretion of growth hormone is promoted.
In addition, in each of the artificial breeding waters described above, the experiment tries to obtain artificial breeding water that replaces natural seawater by adding as little salt (elements) as possible and adding as little amount as possible. However, if these are added, they are suitable for breeding seawater fish and can be used as artificial breeding water without affecting the action even if other salts are added in an appropriate amount. If possible, other conventional salts added to artificial seawater and nutrients such as vitamins may be added to each of the artificial breeding waters. is there.

When the artificial breeding water 6 configured as described above is filled in the breeding tank 1 for breeding, the 4800 (t) breeding tank 1 is constructed deep inside the abandoned tunnel. In the ground that goes into the back from such a ground surface, the temperature is about 18 ° C. throughout the year due to the heat insulation effect of the surrounding soil and bedrock and geothermal heat. By constructing the livestock breeding tank 1 in such an environment and filling the artificial breeding water 6, the temperature of the artificial breeding water can be kept almost constant throughout the year.
In this embodiment, the livestock aquaculture tank 1 is substantially 40 (m) long and 3 (m) high, and a water supply circulation section 8 is provided at one end. The water supply / circulation unit 8 is provided with a slit 81 through which water can be passed between the water supply tank 1 and the artificial breeding water 6 inside the animal water tank 1. In this embodiment, the livestock aquaculture tank 1 is 4800 (t), but the volume or shape of the livestock aquaculture tank 1 is not particularly specified. It can be carried out even in extremely large animal water tanks, and it is sufficient to select appropriately according to the size of the underground space.
Furthermore, a circulation path 7 is provided in the water supply circulation section 8. One end of the circulation path 71 is opened, and the other end is opened to the center where the center bottom of the animal culturing water tank 1 is lowered to the bottom of the cage so that it can be circulated. Furthermore, from the separate water supply circulation section 8, one end is opened to the water supply circulation section 8 and from the opening to the other portion of the livestock aquaculture tank 1 again through the filtration device 2 and the foam separation device 4, artificial breeding water A filtration circulation path 72 that enables circulation of 6 is provided. Further, in order to efficiently purify the artificial breeding water 6 by the filtration device 2 and the foam separating device 4, the filtration circulation path 72 has an upper portion of the artificial breeding water 6 filled in the livestock breeding tank 1 in the water supply circulation section 8. The water inlet is provided upward so that the portion enters the circulation path 72. As a result, fish dung, impurities, dust, etc. floating in the artificial breeding water 6 and moving upward can be efficiently circulated in the filtration circuit 72.

The filtration device 2 provided in the middle of the filtration circuit 72 is obtained by enlarging the filtration device 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the filtering material 3 and the operation thereof are the same as described above. Moreover, the foam separation apparatus 4 provided in the middle of the filtration circuit 72 is also an enlargement of the foam separation apparatus 4 shown in FIG. 1, and the operation thereof is as described above.
Further, in this aquaculture system, the temperature control circuit 73 is branched from the filtering device 2 and can be circulated again to the other part of the livestock aquaculture tank 1 via the water temperature adjusting device 9 which is a preliminary heating device. The water temperature adjusting device 9 can forcibly circulate the artificial breeding water 6 by a pump 91 provided between the filtering device 2 and the water temperature adjusting device 9, and the water temperature adjusting device 9 can adjust the temperature of the artificial breeding water 6. This water temperature adjusting device 9 is for adjusting the water temperature when, for example, the temperature of the artificial breeding water 6 newly replenished to the livestock breeding tank 1 is different from the temperature of the artificial breeding water 6 already in the livestock breeding tank 1. It is configured so that both heating and cooling are possible.

74 is a water supply circuit. The water supply circulation path 74 is also branched from the filtration device 2, and one is opened to the filtration device 2 and the other is opened to the auxiliary tank 10.
The auxiliary tank 10 is a tank for storing new artificial breeding water 6 for replenishing or exchanging the artificial breeding water 6 to the animal breeding water tank 1. The auxiliary tank 10 is provided with a lead-in path (not shown) and a valve (not shown) so that the ground water and river water can be drawn and supplied so that the ground water and river water can be used.

Each circulation path 7 provided as described above constitutes a breeding water circulation device, and if necessary, a circulation pump 91 for forced circulation of each circulation path 7 may be provided, so that the artificial breeding water 6 circulates. What is necessary is just to be comprised. Although not shown in particular, the artificial breeding water 6 is circulated by providing a circulation pump or the like that circulates the artificial breeding water 6 in the breeding tank 1 in the breeding tank 1.
Accordingly, since the groundwater and river water can be used for producing the artificial breeding water 6, the production cost of the artificial breeding water 6 can be further reduced.
11 is a monitoring room. The monitoring room 11 includes a water level sensor and a temperature provided in each of the livestock aquarium 1, the filtration device 2, the foam separation device 4, the breeding water cooling device 5, each circulation path 7, the water temperature adjustment device 9, the circulation pump 91, and the auxiliary tank 10. Monitors sensors, voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeters, etc. Since monitoring of each of these devices is generally performed, such as water level and water temperature management, supply power management, etc., detailed description will not be given.
Reference numeral 12 denotes a solar power generator. The solar power generation device 12 is composed of a solar panel that performs solar thermal power generation, a power storage device that stores electric power, and a control unit that controls electric power at the time of supply. The solar power generation device 12 is provided with a solar panel in a sunny place on the ground, and is supplied to the water temperature adjustment device 9 and the circulation pump 91 that use electric power through a power supply line. Although not specifically explained, since the place where the aquaculture system is installed is underground, it is necessary to take light, so power is also supplied to fluorescent lamps and the like installed at various places. Of course, since it is necessary to irradiate the cultured fish with light, a light source is installed outside or inside the livestock aquaculture tank 1 so that the farmed fish in the livestock aquaculture tank 1 is exposed so that an appropriate amount of light can be supplied.

By providing the solar power generation device 12 in this way, the power supply to the aquaculture system can also be provided by sunlight, so that it is possible to further reduce the cost for aquaculture.
In addition, if necessary, a tank dedicated to hatching (not shown) and a fry rearing tank (not shown) used for rearing fry until it is large enough to be raised in the livestock aquarium 1 are provided. By performing hatching and fry rearing in the aquarium, it may be possible to carry out consistent aquaculture inland from hatching to adult fish that can be provided to the market.
In addition, in the ground of abandoned mines, tunnels, caves, etc., oxygen concentration may be lower than the surface of the earth, so normal bubbles are generated to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of artificial breeding water 6 in the livestock aquarium 1 An oxygen supply device using an apparatus or an oxygen supply device using pure oxygen may be provided in the middle portion of the circulation path 7 or directly provided in the animal feed water tank 1 to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration. In this case, it is possible to overculture aquacultured fish as well as on the ground.

  As described above, the aquaculture system using artificial breeding water according to the present invention can be used for breeding and aquaculture of various seawater fish and can be used for aquaculture of inland areas, as well as for breeding and aquaculture of freshwater fish. is there. Therefore, it can be used for aquaculture of various fishes that require a large amount of breeding water, and it is also possible to breed a saltwater fish and a freshwater fish together.

  Furthermore, in land-based breeding in large-scale water tanks (livestock breeding tanks), marine Nannochloropsis, which is indispensable for cultivating rotifers widely used as initial food for hatching larvae, should be cultured. It can be used for cultivating rotifer culture in (1).

(A) is side explanatory drawing of the water tank and filtration apparatus used for observation experiment, (b) is the same plane explanatory drawing. Explanatory diagram comparing growth rates Explanatory diagram showing the equilibrium state of ammonia (A) Side view of the aquaculture system using artificial breeding water (b) Plan view of the aquaculture system using artificial breeding water

Explanation of symbols

1 water tank (livestock water tank)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Filtration apparatus 3 Filter material 4 Foam separation apparatus 5 Breeding water cooling apparatus 6 Artificial breeding water 7 Circulation path 71 Natural circulation path 72 Filtration circulation path 73 Temperature control circulation path 74 Water supply circulation path 8 Water supply circulation part 9 Water temperature adjustment apparatus

Claims (4)

A breeding tank installed in a space within the surface of the earth and having an ambient temperature of 15 ° C to 30 ° C;
It is a breeding water that is filled in the breeding tank and used for artificial breeding of seawater and freshwater organisms, and sodium, calcium, and potassium are added to the breeding water so that the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. An abundance ratio of 0.93 to natural seawater, and an artificial breeding water containing so that the abundance ratio of sodium to calcium and potassium is 55 to an abundance ratio in natural seawater;
An aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, comprising: a filtration device for filtering artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank. A breeding tank installed in a space within the surface of the earth and having an ambient temperature of 15 ° C to 30 ° C;
It is a breeding water filled in the breeding tank and used for artificial breeding of seawater organisms and freshwater organisms, containing 0.1002 (g / l) or more of calcium and 0.09419 (g / l) or more of potassium in the breeding water And artificial breeding water containing sodium in addition to calcium and potassium so that the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater,
An aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, comprising: a filtration device for filtering artificial breeding water filled in the breeding tank.   In the aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, the artificial breeding water is added with magnesium sulfate heptahydrate so as to have an amount of 1.6897 (g / l) to natural seawater, and the specific gravity is not less than 1.004 and not more than natural seawater. The culture system by artificial breeding water of claim | item 1 or claim 2.   In the aquaculture system using artificial breeding water, the content of each component contained in the artificial breeding water is 0.25 times to 1 time of the breeding water and suitable for breeding pufferfish having the same ratio of each component. An aquaculture system using artificial breeding water according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

Images