JP2008157457A - Gas supply device for driving machine - Google Patents

Gas supply device for driving machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2008157457A
JP2008157457A JP2007328887A JP2007328887A JP2008157457A JP 2008157457 A JP2008157457 A JP 2008157457A JP 2007328887 A JP2007328887 A JP 2007328887A JP 2007328887 A JP2007328887 A JP 2007328887A JP 2008157457 A JP2008157457 A JP 2008157457A
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gas
natural gas
natural
vaporized
methane
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JP5350625B2 (en
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Rainer Sakowsky
ライナー・サコヴスキー
Stefano Urbano
シュテファノ・ウルバノ
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/022—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/029—Determining density, viscosity, concentration or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F02M21/0224—Secondary gaseous fuel storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new gas supply device for a driving machine by an internal combustion engine, and a new method for producing a mixture containing natural vaporized gas and forced vaporized gas and combustible in the internal combustion engine. <P>SOLUTION: The gas supply device for the driving machine of a vehicle or a fixed device by the internal combustion engine comprises a first gas piping system capable of carrying natural gas vaporized in a gas container 11 by warming the inside of the gas container 11 containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas, as the natural vaporized gas toward the driving machine 10, and a second gas piping system capable of delivering natural gas 12 of liquid from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas and supplying it to a vaporizing mechanism 16 when the amount of natural vaporized gas is not sufficient for the driving machine, and vaporizing the natural gas partially to obtain forced vaporized gas and mixing it with the natural vaporized gas in order to carry the mixture containing the natural vaporized gas and forced vaporized gas, toward the driving machine 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、請求項１の上位概念に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置に関する。さらに本発明は、請求項１９の上位概念に基づく、内燃機関内で燃焼可能な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を製造する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a gas supply device for a drive machine by an internal combustion engine based on the superordinate concept of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for producing a mixture of natural and forced vaporized gases combustible in an internal combustion engine according to the superordinate concept of claim 19.

燃料としての天然ガスを用いたガスタンカー又はその他の乗り物では、天然ガスを液化した状態で輸送し、その際、極低温の液化天然ガスの温度は約−１６２℃であり、その圧力はほぼ大気圧と等しい。輸送する極低温液化天然ガスを収容するためのガス容器は、高いコストをかけて断熱されている。それでもなお、運ばれる天然ガスがある程度暖まることは避けられない。このため極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器内では、天然ガスが暖まることにより、容器内でいわゆる自然気化ガスとして気化する。不可避の気化により極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器内で生じる圧力上昇に対抗するため、自然気化ガスをガス容器から取り除く。同じ原理は、極低温液化天然ガス用のガス容器を備え、ガスで稼働する定置型の駆動装置にも当てはまる。   In a gas tanker or other vehicle using natural gas as a fuel, the natural gas is transported in a liquefied state. At that time, the temperature of the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is about −162 ° C., and the pressure is almost large. Equal to atmospheric pressure. Gas containers for containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas to be transported are insulated at high cost. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that the natural gas being transported will warm up to some extent. Therefore, in the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas, the natural gas is warmed and vaporized as so-called natural vaporized gas in the container. In order to counter the pressure rise caused in the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas due to unavoidable vaporization, the natural vaporized gas is removed from the gas container. The same principle applies to stationary drive units that are equipped with gas containers for cryogenic liquefied natural gas and operate on gas.

特許文献１では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器内が暖まることにより気化する天然ガス、つまり自然気化ガスをガス消費物に供給すること、特に自然気化ガスをガスタンカーの駆動に使用するためにガスタンカーの駆動機に供給することが、既に知られている。さらにこの現況技術から、自然気化ガスの量が十分でない場合、液体の天然ガスを、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器から送り出すことができ、気化機構に供給できることが既に知られている。   In Patent Document 1, natural gas that is vaporized when the inside of a gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas is heated, that is, natural vaporized gas is supplied to a gas consumer, and particularly natural vaporized gas is used for driving a gas tanker. It is already known to supply gas tanker drives for this purpose. Furthermore, it is already known from this state of the art that if the amount of natural vaporized gas is not sufficient, liquid natural gas can be delivered from a gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas and supplied to the vaporization mechanism.

極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器から送り出された天然ガスは、気化機構内で部分的に気化し、気化後にいわゆる強制気化ガスとして、自然気化ガスと混合することができる。その後、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成るこの混合物は、ガス消費物、特に内燃機関による駆動機に供給可能である。これまでに既知の装置では、天然ガスのうち気化しない、より沸点の高い構成要素は利用されずにガス容器内に戻される。   The natural gas sent out from the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is partially vaporized in the vaporization mechanism, and can be mixed with the natural vaporized gas as a so-called forced vaporized gas after vaporization. This mixture of natural vapor and forced vapor can then be supplied to a gas consumer, in particular a drive by an internal combustion engine. In previously known devices, the higher boiling components of the natural gas that do not vaporize are returned to the gas container without being utilized.

自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物の組成は、様々な条件に依存して変化する。しかしながら、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物は、ある程度のアンチノック性を有している場合に限り、例えばディーゼルガスエンジン又はオットーガスエンジンのような内燃機関として形成された駆動機で燃焼させることができる。この混合物のアンチノック性の尺度として、混合物のいわゆるメタン価を用いることができ、このメタン価は、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物の、他の成分に対するメタンの量のおおよその比率を示す。任意のガス混合物のメタン価は、商慣習上の様々な機器によって確定可能である。   The composition of the mixture of natural vapor and forced vapor varies depending on various conditions. However, a mixture of natural vapor and forced vapor is burned in a drive formed as an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel gas engine or an Otto gas engine, only if it has a certain degree of antiknock properties. be able to. As a measure of the antiknock properties of the mixture, the so-called methane number of the mixture can be used, which is an approximate ratio of the amount of methane to other components of a mixture of natural and forced vapors. Show. The methane number of any gas mixture can be determined by various instruments in business practice.

内燃機関による駆動機のための、これまでに既知のガス供給装置では、アンチノック性に関して最適な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を準備することはできなかった。このため、最適化されたアンチノック性を備えた混合物を準備可能な、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置が必要である。
国際公開第２００５／０５８６９２Ａ１号パンフレット No known gas supply device for a drive by an internal combustion engine has been able to prepare a mixture of naturally vaporized gas and forced vaporized gas which is optimal with regard to antiknock properties. Therefore, there is a need for a gas supply device for a drive by an internal combustion engine that can prepare a mixture with optimized anti-knock properties.
International Publication No. 2005 / 058692A1 Pamphlet

このため本発明は、内燃機関による駆動機のための新式のガス供給装置、並びに内燃機関内で燃焼可能な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を準備するための新式の方法を提供するという課題に基づくものである。   The present invention therefore provides a new gas supply device for a drive by an internal combustion engine and a new method for preparing a mixture of natural and forced vapor gases combustible in an internal combustion engine. It is based on the problem.

この課題は、請求項１に記載のガス供給装置によって解決される。本発明によるガス供給装置は、メタンが乏しく、基本的にメタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る液体の天然ガス濃縮物を、規定の温度に保つための温度調節機構を内包し、規定の温度を有する液体の天然ガス濃縮物と極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器から送り出された液体の天然ガスとを気化機構内で液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化するように、気化機構内で直接的又は間接的に接触させることができる。   This problem is solved by the gas supply device according to claim 1. The gas supply device according to the present invention includes a temperature control mechanism for maintaining a liquid natural gas concentrate composed of hydrocarbons which are poor in methane and basically heavier than methane and higher in boiling point than methane at a specified temperature. Vaporization of the liquid natural gas concentrate having the temperature of the liquid and the liquid natural gas delivered from the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas so that only methane is vaporized from the liquid natural gas within the vaporization mechanism. Contact can be made directly or indirectly within the mechanism.

本発明によるガス供給装置の温度調節機構によって、メタンが乏しく、基本的にメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素（エタン、プロパン、及びブタンなど）から成る液体の天然ガス濃縮物が、規定の温度に保たれる。気化機構内で、この規定の温度を有する液体の天然ガス濃縮物は、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器から送り出された液体で極低温の天然ガスと、直接的又は間接的に接触する。その際、液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化するので、このようにして準備された強制気化ガスは、ほぼメタンだけを含んでおり、メタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素は含まれていないも同然な程度である。このように本発明は、基本的にメタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る天然ガス濃縮物を準備すること、並びに、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器から送り出された液体の天然ガスを狙い通りに部分的に気化させるために使用することを念頭におく。その際、液体の天然ガスに含まれるメタンの気化は、気泡も液滴もほとんどなしで行われる。このようにして準備された強制気化ガスを自然気化ガスと混合することにより、アンチノック性に関して最適化された、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物ができる。   Due to the temperature control mechanism of the gas supply device according to the present invention, a liquid natural gas concentrate consisting essentially of hydrocarbons (e.g. ethane, propane and butane) which are poor in methane and have a higher boiling point than methane is maintained at a specified temperature. Be drunk. Within the vaporization mechanism, the liquid natural gas concentrate having this defined temperature is in direct or indirect contact with liquid cryogenic natural gas delivered from a gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas. . At that time, since almost only methane is vaporized from the liquid natural gas, the forced vaporized gas prepared in this way contains almost only methane, and contains hydrocarbons that are heavier than methane and have a boiling point higher than methane. There is no equivalent. Thus, the present invention provides a natural gas concentrate consisting essentially of hydrocarbons heavier than methane and having a boiling point higher than methane, as well as liquid natural gas delivered from a gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas. Keep in mind that it is used to partially vaporize the gas as intended. At that time, vaporization of methane contained in the liquid natural gas is performed with almost no bubbles or droplets. By mixing the forced vaporized gas thus prepared with the natural vaporized gas, a mixture composed of the natural vaporized gas and the forced vaporized gas optimized with respect to the anti-knock property can be obtained.

内燃機関による駆動機内で燃焼可能な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を準備するための本発明による方法は、請求項１９に定義されている。   The method according to the invention for preparing a mixture of natural and forced vaporized gases combustible in a drive by an internal combustion engine is defined in claim 19.

本発明の好ましい更なる形態は、従属請求項及び以下の説明から明確になるだろう。本発明の実施例について、図面に基づき詳細に説明するが、特にそれに限定されるものではない。   Preferred further forms of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but are not particularly limited thereto.

本発明は、内燃機関として形成された駆動機のためのガス供給装置に関し、その際、燃料としての極低温液化天然ガスが容器内に収容されている。   The present invention relates to a gas supply device for a drive machine formed as an internal combustion engine, in which a cryogenic liquefied natural gas as a fuel is accommodated in a container.

以下に、本発明によるガス供給装置を図１〜図７を参照しつつ詳細に説明するが、ここで、図１〜図７はそれぞれ本発明によるガス供給装置の異なる実施例を示している。   Hereinafter, the gas supply apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. Here, FIGS. 1 to 7 show different embodiments of the gas supply apparatus according to the present invention.

図１は、内燃機関の駆動機の本発明によるガス供給装置の第１の実施例を示しており、ここで、図１に示された駆動機は、２つのエンジン１０によって準備されている。ガス供給装置１は２つのガス配管系を備えている。   FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas supply device according to the invention for a drive machine of an internal combustion engine, wherein the drive machine shown in FIG. 1 is prepared by two engines 10. The gas supply device 1 includes two gas piping systems.

第１のガス配管系を介して、いわゆる自然気化ガスをエンジン１０の方に運ぶことができる。極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１内に収容された液体で極低温の天然ガス１２は、液体の天然ガス１２が暖まって気化することにより、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１内で自然気化ガスを発生させ、その際、第１のガス配管系のガス配管１３を介して、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から、自然気化ガスが排出される。ガス配管１３内に接続されたコンプレッサ１４を介して、自然気化ガスを内燃機関１０に供給することができ、その際、コンプレッサ１４の下流側に配置されたチェック弁１５は、圧縮された自然気化ガスが極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１に逆流することを防止する。   A so-called naturally vaporized gas can be conveyed toward the engine 10 via the first gas piping system. The liquid cryogenic natural gas 12 contained in the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is heated and vaporized by the liquid natural gas 12, whereby the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is contained. The natural vaporized gas is generated inside, and the natural vaporized gas is discharged from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas through the gas pipe 13 of the first gas piping system. Naturally vaporized gas can be supplied to the internal combustion engine 10 via the compressor 14 connected in the gas pipe 13. At this time, the check valve 15 disposed on the downstream side of the compressor 14 is compressed natural vaporized. The gas is prevented from flowing back into the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas.

自然気化ガスの量が、内燃機関１０によって準備された液化ガスタンカーの駆動機用として十分でない場合、第２のガス配管系により、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から液体で極低温の天然ガス１２を送り出すことができ、ガス供給装置の気化機構１６に供給することができる。気化機構１６内では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体の天然ガスを部分的に気化させることができ、いわゆる強制気化ガスとして、混合点１７を介して自然気化ガスと混合させ得る。更なるチェック弁１５は、気化機構１６の方に逆流することを防止する。   When the amount of the natural vaporized gas is not sufficient for the drive unit of the liquefied gas tanker prepared by the internal combustion engine 10, the second gas piping system causes the liquid from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas to be cryogenic. Natural gas 12 can be sent out and supplied to the vaporizing mechanism 16 of the gas supply device. In the vaporization mechanism 16, the liquid natural gas sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas can be partially vaporized, and the natural vaporized gas is supplied via the mixing point 17 as a so-called forced vaporized gas. Can be mixed with. A further check valve 15 prevents backflow toward the vaporization mechanism 16.

これに基づき、混合器１７の下流側では、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物が形成され、この混合物を熱交換器１８内で、好ましくは室温に温度調節することができ、続いてガス調節区間１９又はエンジン１０に供給可能である。余分な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物は、好ましくは酸化器として形成された安全機構２０内で燃焼される。   Based on this, on the downstream side of the mixer 17, a mixture of natural and forced vaporization gas is formed, which can be temperature adjusted in the heat exchanger 18, preferably to room temperature, followed by gas It can be supplied to the adjusting section 19 or the engine 10. The excess mixture of natural vapor and forced vapor is burned in a safety mechanism 20, preferably formed as an oxidizer.

図１の実施例では、気化機構１６内にメタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１が規定の量で用意されており、ここで、液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１は、天然ガスの基本的に重く沸点の高い構成要素から成り、主として炭化水素であるエタン、プロパン、及びブタンから成る。このメタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１は、温度調節機構２２によって規定の温度に保たれており、その際、気化機構１６内にある規定の温度を有する液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１を、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体で極低温の天然ガス１２と、規則的に接触させる。その際、液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化し、その後このメタンは、強制気化ガスとして気化機構１６から排出され、混合点１７において自然気化ガスと混合される。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate 21 is provided in the vaporizer 16 in a defined amount, where the liquid natural gas concentrate 21 is essentially a natural gas. Consists of heavy and high boiling components, mainly consisting of the hydrocarbons ethane, propane, and butane. The methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate 21 is maintained at a specified temperature by the temperature control mechanism 22. At this time, the liquid natural gas concentrate 21 having a specified temperature in the vaporization mechanism 16 is The liquid is sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas and is regularly brought into contact with the cryogenic natural gas 12. At that time, almost only methane is vaporized from the liquid natural gas, and then this methane is discharged from the vaporization mechanism 16 as a forced vaporization gas and mixed with the natural vaporization gas at the mixing point 17.

図１の実施例では、気化機構１６が、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１のための蓄積部２３を備えており、その際、温度調節機構２２が、蓄積部２３内に位置決めされ、気化機構１６内の天然ガス濃縮物２１を規定の温度に保っている。この天然ガス濃縮物２１と接触させる液体の天然ガス１２は、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１からポンプ２４によって送り出され、第２のガス配管系の配管２５を介して気化機構１６に供給される。その際、チェック弁２６は、ガス容器１１から送り出された液体の天然ガス１２がガス容器１１内に逆流することを防止する。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the vaporization mechanism 16 comprises an accumulator 23 for a liquid natural gas concentrate 21 that is poor in methane, in which case the temperature adjustment mechanism 22 is positioned in the accumulator 23, The natural gas concentrate 21 in the vaporization mechanism 16 is maintained at a specified temperature. The liquid natural gas 12 to be brought into contact with the natural gas concentrate 21 is sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas by the pump 24 and is supplied to the vaporizing mechanism 16 through the pipe 25 of the second gas piping system. Supplied. At that time, the check valve 26 prevents the liquid natural gas 12 delivered from the gas container 11 from flowing back into the gas container 11.

温度調節機構２２は、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物２１をほぼ一定の温度に保ち、その温度は、少なくとも天然ガス濃縮物の組成、及び気化機構１６内での所望の稼働温度時に液体の天然ガス１２に含まれるメタンの気化圧力に依存する。   The temperature control mechanism 22 keeps the methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate 21 at a substantially constant temperature, which is at least the composition of the natural gas concentrate and the liquid at the desired operating temperature in the vaporization mechanism 16. It depends on the vaporization pressure of methane contained in the natural gas 12.

図１の実施例では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された極低温で液体の天然ガス１２が、噴射ノズル２７ａによって、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内に用意され温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１と直接的に接触し、つまり強い推進力で天然ガス濃縮物２１内に導入される。その際、液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化する。この天然ガスからのメタンの気化は、メタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素が強制気化ガスに入らないように、気泡も液滴もなく行われるべきである。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the cryogenic liquid natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is prepared in the accumulating portion 23 of the vaporizing mechanism 16 by the injection nozzle 27a and the temperature is adjusted. The natural gas concentrate 21 is brought into direct contact, that is, introduced into the natural gas concentrate 21 with a strong driving force. At that time, only methane is vaporized from the liquid natural gas. The vaporization of methane from natural gas should be done without bubbles or droplets so that hydrocarbons heavier than methane and having a boiling point higher than methane do not enter the forced vaporization gas.

液体の天然ガスのうち気化機構１６内で気化しない構成要素は、気化機構１６の蓄積容器２３に集められ、こうして気化機構１６内に収容されたメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１の量が増える。水位調節機構２８によって、気化機構１６内に収容された天然ガス濃縮物２１の量を監視することができ、その際、気化機構１６内の天然ガス濃縮物が多すぎると、天然ガス濃縮物を、第２のガス配管系の戻り配管２９を介して気化機構１６から排出させ、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１の方に運ぶ。このようにして排出された天然ガス濃縮物を極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１内に戻す前に、天然ガス濃縮物を熱交換器３０内で冷却する。一方この熱交換器を介して、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体の天然ガスも、配管２５を介して導かれる。図１に基づき水位調節機構２８は、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内の天然ガス濃縮物２１の量に応じて、戻り配管２９内の熱交換器３０の下流側に組み込まれた弁３１を開ける。   Components of the liquid natural gas that are not vaporized in the vaporization mechanism 16 are collected in the accumulation container 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16, and thus the amount of the methane-poor natural gas concentrate 21 accommodated in the vaporization mechanism 16 is increased. The amount of the natural gas concentrate 21 accommodated in the vaporization mechanism 16 can be monitored by the water level adjustment mechanism 28. If there is too much natural gas concentrate in the vaporization mechanism 16, the natural gas concentrate is removed. Then, the gas is discharged from the vaporization mechanism 16 through the return pipe 29 of the second gas piping system, and is transported toward the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas. The natural gas concentrate is cooled in the heat exchanger 30 before returning the natural gas concentrate thus discharged into the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas. On the other hand, the liquid natural gas sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is also introduced through the pipe 25 through the heat exchanger. Based on FIG. 1, the water level adjustment mechanism 28 opens a valve 31 incorporated on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 30 in the return pipe 29 in accordance with the amount of the natural gas concentrate 21 in the accumulation unit 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16. .

圧力センサ３２を介して強制気化ガスの圧力を測定することができ、その圧力に応じて配管２５内に組み込まれた弁３３を開閉することができる。圧力センサ３２での圧力が低下すると、弁３３が大きく開き、多くの液体の天然ガスが気化機構１６の方に導かれる。これに対し圧力センサ３２での圧力が上昇すると、弁３３が強く閉じる。   The pressure of the forced vaporized gas can be measured via the pressure sensor 32, and the valve 33 incorporated in the pipe 25 can be opened and closed according to the pressure. When the pressure at the pressure sensor 32 decreases, the valve 33 opens widely, and a lot of liquid natural gas is introduced toward the vaporization mechanism 16. In contrast, when the pressure at the pressure sensor 32 increases, the valve 33 closes strongly.

図１の実施例では、ガス配管２５の弁３３の上流側に圧力均一化容器３４が取り付けられており、その圧力変動によって補整が可能である。弁３３が液体の天然ガスを、ポンプ２４が送り出すより少ない量しか通過させない場合、液体の天然ガスは弁３５を介して圧力均一化容器３４内に送られる。圧力センサ３６を介して圧力均一化容器３４内の圧力が監視され、かつ充填レベルセンサ３７を介して圧力均一化容器３４の充填レベルが監視されており、その際、圧力均一化容器３４の圧力及び／又は充填レベルが限界値を超えると、ポンプ２４のスイッチが切られる。これに対し限界値を下回ると、スイッチが切られたポンプ２４のスイッチを入れることができる。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a pressure equalizing vessel 34 is attached to the upstream side of the valve 33 of the gas pipe 25, and compensation is possible by the pressure fluctuation. If the valve 33 allows liquid natural gas to pass through less than the pump 24 delivers, the liquid natural gas is routed through the valve 35 into the pressure equalization vessel 34. The pressure in the pressure equalizing vessel 34 is monitored via the pressure sensor 36, and the filling level of the pressure equalizing vessel 34 is monitored via the filling level sensor 37. At this time, the pressure in the pressure equalizing vessel 34 is monitored. And / or when the fill level exceeds a limit value, the pump 24 is switched off. On the other hand, below the limit value, the switched pump 24 can be switched on.

圧力均一化容器３４は、液体の天然ガス及び少量の気化された天然ガスと共に、さらに好ましくは不活性ガス、例えば窒素で満たされており、その際、圧力均一化容器３４内の不活性ガスの量は、弁３８、３９を介して調整可能である。この場合、弁３８は不活性ガスを不活性ガス系から圧力均一化容器３４内に供給する。一方、弁３９は不活性ガスを圧力均一化容器３４から排出させる。   The pressure equalization vessel 34 is more preferably filled with an inert gas, for example nitrogen, together with a liquid natural gas and a small amount of vaporized natural gas, with the inert gas in the pressure equalization vessel 34 being filled therewith. The amount can be adjusted via valves 38,39. In this case, the valve 38 supplies the inert gas from the inert gas system into the pressure equalizing vessel 34. On the other hand, the valve 39 discharges the inert gas from the pressure equalizing vessel 34.

熱交換器１８の下流側にメタン価センサ４０が配置されており、このメタン価センサ４０によって、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物のメタン価を測定できる。メタン価センサ４０は、当該のメタン価の実際値を調節機構４１に伝える。   A methane number sensor 40 is disposed on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 18, and the methane number sensor 40 can measure the methane number of a mixture composed of natural vapor gas and forced vapor gas. The methane number sensor 40 transmits the actual value of the methane number to the adjustment mechanism 41.

調節機構４１は、メタン価に関する測定された実際値及び所定の規定値に応じて、温度調節機構２２に割り当てられた弁４２を、すなわち温度調節機構２２を、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内に用意された天然ガス濃縮物２１の温度が適合されるように制御する。その際、蓄積容器２３内に用意された天然ガス濃縮物の温度を、温度センサ４３によって監視し、この温度センサ４３は、当該の実際値を調節機構４１に伝える。   The adjustment mechanism 41 has the valve 42 assigned to the temperature adjustment mechanism 22, that is, the temperature adjustment mechanism 22 in the accumulation unit 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16 according to the measured actual value and the predetermined specified value regarding the methane number. The temperature of the prepared natural gas concentrate 21 is controlled to be adapted. At that time, the temperature of the natural gas concentrate prepared in the storage container 23 is monitored by the temperature sensor 43, and the temperature sensor 43 transmits the actual value to the adjustment mechanism 41.

図１によれば、気化機構１６内に液滴分離器４４が組み込まれており、この液滴分離器４４によって、気化機構１６内で気化したメタンから、すなわち強制気化ガスから、より重くより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る液滴を取り除くことができ、ここでは、図１に基づき、液滴分離器４４は気化機構１６の出口より下に配置されている。さらに図１では、気化機構１６内で気化したメタンから気泡を取り除くため、気化機構１６内に消泡器４５が組み込まれている。   According to FIG. 1, a droplet separator 44 is incorporated in the vaporization mechanism 16 by means of this droplet separator 44, which is heavier and more boiling from methane vaporized in the vaporization mechanism 16, i.e. from forced vaporization gas. Droplets consisting of high hydrocarbons can be removed, here according to FIG. 1 the droplet separator 44 is arranged below the outlet of the vaporization mechanism 16. Further, in FIG. 1, a defoamer 45 is incorporated in the vaporization mechanism 16 in order to remove bubbles from the methane vaporized in the vaporization mechanism 16.

図２〜図７は、内燃機関による駆動機のための本発明によるガス供給装置の更なる実施例を示しており、ここで、無駄な繰り返しを避けるため、同じ構成要素に対しては同じ参照符号を使用し、図２〜図７の実施例に関し、図１の実施例又は相互に異なっている細部だけを取り上げつつ以下に説明する。   2-7 show a further embodiment of the gas supply device according to the invention for a drive by an internal combustion engine, where the same reference is made to the same components in order to avoid unnecessary repetition Reference is made to the embodiment of FIGS. 2-7 and will be described below with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1 or only the details that differ from each other.

図７の実施例は、第２のガス配管系の配管２５への圧力均一化容器３４の結合形態のみが、図１の実施例と異なっている。   The embodiment of FIG. 7 is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 only in the form of coupling the pressure equalizing vessel 34 to the pipe 25 of the second gas piping system.

図１の実施例では、圧力均一化容器３４は１つの弁３５だけを介してガス配管２５に連結されている。それに対し図７の実施例では、ガス配管２５と圧力均一化容器３４の間に２つの弁４６が接続されており、このため図７の実施例では、圧力均一化容器３４は、気化機構１６内で気化させる液体の天然ガス１２を恒常的に貫流させていることになる。これに基づき図７の実施例では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体の天然ガス１２を、専ら圧力均一化容器３４を介して気化機構１６に供給可能である。これに対し図１の実施例では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された天然ガス１２を、圧力均一化容器３４を通らずに気化機構１６に供給することができる。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the pressure equalization vessel 34 is connected to the gas pipe 25 through only one valve 35. On the other hand, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, two valves 46 are connected between the gas pipe 25 and the pressure equalizing vessel 34. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. The liquid natural gas 12 to be vaporized in the inside is constantly flowing. Based on this, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the liquid natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas can be supplied to the vaporizing mechanism 16 exclusively through the pressure equalizing container 34. On the other hand, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas can be supplied to the vaporizing mechanism 16 without passing through the pressure equalizing container 34.

図７では、液体の天然ガスが、圧力均一化容器３４から出て、気化機構１６を迂回し、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１内に戻るために、更なる弁４７を介して、圧力均一化容器３４とガス配管２９の間のバイパスを準備することができる。   In FIG. 7, liquid natural gas exits the pressure equalization vessel 34, bypasses the vaporization mechanism 16, and returns to the gas vessel 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas via a further valve 47. A bypass between the pressure equalizing vessel 34 and the gas pipe 29 can be prepared.

極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体で極低温の天然ガス１２が、噴射ノズル２７ａを通って下から強い推進力で、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内に集められ温度調節された、メタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１内に噴入されることは、図１及び図７の実施例で共通している。   The liquid cryogenic natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is collected in the accumulating portion 23 of the vaporizing mechanism 16 with a strong driving force from below through the injection nozzle 27a. Injecting into a methane-poor natural gas concentrate 21 that is conditioned is common in the embodiments of FIGS.

これに対し図２は、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体で極低温の天然ガス１２を、噴霧ノズル２７ｂによって上から天然ガス濃縮物２１に吹き付けるガス供給装置の実施例を示している。他の全ての細部に関しては、図２に示される実施例は図１の実施例と一致している。   On the other hand, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a gas supply device in which the cryogenic natural gas 12 sent from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is sprayed onto the natural gas concentrate 21 from above by the spray nozzle 27b. An example is shown. For all other details, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is consistent with the embodiment of FIG.

図３は、図２の実施例の変形形態を示しており、図３の実施例では、本発明によるガス供給装置の気化機構１６内に、少なくとも１つの充填体４８が組み込まれている。図３の実施例では、図１、図２及び図７の実施例と異なり、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体の天然ガス１２を、噴霧ノズル２７ｂを介して天然ガス濃縮物２１に直接的に噴霧するのではなく、まずは１つ又は各々の充填体４８に噴霧し、その際、１つ又は各々の充填体４８に噴霧した液体の天然ガスが、１つ又は各々の充填体４８の表面で液体薄膜を形成して下に滴下し、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内に収容されて温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１と間接的に接触する。液体の天然ガスから成る液滴が天然ガス濃縮物の表面に触れるとメタンが気化し、この下から上昇するメタンが、１つ又は各々の充填体４８に形成された液体薄膜を通過し、この時、気体メタン流の中で一緒に運ばれた濃縮物の小滴が、液体薄膜で分離される。   FIG. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 2, in which at least one filling body 48 is incorporated in the vaporization mechanism 16 of the gas supply device according to the invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, unlike the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2 and 7, the liquid natural gas 12 delivered from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is naturally supplied via the spray nozzle 27b. Rather than spraying directly on the gas concentrate 21, first one or each filler 48 is sprayed, with one or each liquid natural gas sprayed on one or each filler 48 being one or A liquid thin film is formed on the surface of each filler 48 and dropped downward, and is indirectly contacted with the temperature-controlled natural gas concentrate 21 accommodated in the accumulation portion 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16. When a droplet of liquid natural gas touches the surface of the natural gas concentrate, methane evaporates, and the methane rising from below passes through the liquid film formed on one or each of the packing bodies 48, Sometimes the droplets of concentrate carried together in the gaseous methane stream are separated by a liquid film.

本発明によるガス供給装置の更なる様態を図４に示しており、図４の実施例では、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された液体で極低温の天然ガス１２は噴霧ノズル２７ｂを介して、また、蓄積部２３内で温度調節されたメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１は噴霧ノズル４９を介して、気化機構１６内に位置決めされた１つ又は各々の充填体４８に噴霧される。このように、気化機構の蓄積部２３内に収容されて温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１を、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３からポンプ５０によって送り出すことができ、回転運動又は循環の意味において、噴霧ノズル４９の方に運ぶことができる。図４に基づき、噴霧ノズル４９へと導く循環配管５１内には、調節機構４１によって制御される弁５２が組み込まれている。さらに循環配管５１では、温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物の温度を噴霧ノズル４９の直前で検知するために、温度センサ５３が配置されている。   A further aspect of the gas supply apparatus according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the liquid cryogenic natural gas 12 delivered from the gas container 11 containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas is sprayed. The methane-poor natural gas concentrate 21, temperature-controlled in the accumulator 23, is delivered to one or each of the packing bodies 48 positioned in the vaporization mechanism 16 via the nozzle 27 b and via the spray nozzle 49. Sprayed. Thus, the natural gas concentrate 21 accommodated in the accumulation part 23 of the vaporization mechanism and temperature-controlled can be sent out from the accumulation part 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16 by the pump 50, and in the meaning of rotational motion or circulation, It can be carried toward the spray nozzle 49. Based on FIG. 4, a valve 52 controlled by the adjusting mechanism 41 is incorporated in a circulation pipe 51 that leads to the spray nozzle 49. Further, in the circulation pipe 51, a temperature sensor 53 is disposed in order to detect the temperature of the temperature-adjusted natural gas concentrate immediately before the spray nozzle 49.

これにより図４の実施例では、噴霧ノズルを介して、一方では部分的に気化する液体の天然ガス１２が、他方ではメタンの乏しい温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１が、上から１つ又は各々の充填体４８に噴霧される。その際、１つ又は各々の充填体４８の表面に形成される液体薄膜中で熱伝導が行われ、これにより気化したメタンは上に流れ、その一方で天然ガス濃縮物２１及び天然ガス１２のうち気化しない構成要素は下に滴下し、気化機構１６内の１つ又は各々の充填体４８より下の蓄積部２３内に収容される。   Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, either a partially vaporized liquid natural gas 12, on the one hand, or a methane-poor temperature-controlled natural gas concentrate 21, from the top, via the spray nozzle, Each filler 48 is sprayed. In doing so, heat conduction takes place in the liquid film formed on the surface of one or each of the packings 48, whereby the vaporized methane flows upward, while the natural gas concentrate 21 and the natural gas 12. Among them, the components that do not evaporate are dropped downward, and are accommodated in the accumulation unit 23 below one or each filler 48 in the vaporization mechanism 16.

これに対する代替案として図４の実施例では、部分的に気化される液体の天然ガス及び温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物によって、１つ又は各々の充填体４８の表面の互いに分離した領域を噴霧してもよく、その際、１つ又は各々の充填体内の暖かさの異なる領域間で熱伝導が行われ、１つ又は各々の充填体４８の範囲内では極低温の液体の天然ガスが温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物と混合することはない。この場合の混合は、蓄積部２３内に用意された濃縮物の表面部分でようやく行われる。   As an alternative to this, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the vaporized liquid natural gas and the temperature-regulated natural gas concentrate are sprayed on one or each separate area of the surface of each packing 48. In this case, heat conduction takes place between regions of different warmth in one or each filling, and within one or each filling 48 the cryogenic liquid natural gas has a temperature. It does not mix with the conditioned natural gas concentrate. In this case, the mixing is finally performed on the surface portion of the concentrate prepared in the storage unit 23.

本発明によるガス供給装置の更なる実施形態を図５に示しており、図５の実施例は、基本的に図４の実施例に相応している。しかし図５の実施例では、上述の実施例とは異なり温度調節機構２２が、メタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物を気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内で温度調節するようには形成されておらず、図５の実施例の温度調節機構２２は、反対にメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１を蓄積容器２３の外で、すなわち気化機構１６の外で温度調節する。このため循環配管５１内に、図５では熱交換器として形成されている温度調節機構２２が組み込まれている。   A further embodiment of the gas supply device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5 and the example of FIG. 5 basically corresponds to the example of FIG. However, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, unlike the above-described embodiment, the temperature adjustment mechanism 22 is not formed to adjust the temperature of the methane-poor natural gas concentrate in the accumulation unit 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16, The temperature adjustment mechanism 22 of the embodiment of FIG. 5 conversely adjusts the temperature of the methane-poor natural gas concentrate 21 outside the storage vessel 23, ie outside the vaporization mechanism 16. For this reason, the temperature adjustment mechanism 22 formed as a heat exchanger in FIG. 5 is incorporated in the circulation pipe 51.

天然ガス濃縮物２１が、暖められる際に熱交換器２２内部で気化しないように、ポンプ５０及び弁５２を介して循環配管５１内では、気化機構１６内で支配的であるより高い圧力を調整することができる。この場合、暖められ、かつ圧力をかけられた天然ガス濃縮物２１は、気化機構１６内に入る際に圧力が緩み、その際に更なるメタンが遊離する。これによりガス供給装置の効率は明らかに向上する。   In order to prevent the natural gas concentrate 21 from being vaporized inside the heat exchanger 22 when it is warmed, a higher pressure that is dominant in the vaporization mechanism 16 is adjusted in the circulation pipe 51 via the pump 50 and the valve 52. can do. In this case, the warmed and pressurized natural gas concentrate 21 relaxes when entering the vaporization mechanism 16 and further methane is liberated at that time. This clearly improves the efficiency of the gas supply device.

本発明によるガス供給装置の更なる実施形態を図６に示している。図６の実施例では、図１及び図７の実施例と同じ様に、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された極低温の天然ガス１２を、噴霧ノズル２７を介して下から、気化機構１６の蓄積部２３内に収容されて温度調節されたメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１に噴霧する。１つ又は各々の充填体４８には、温度調節されたメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物２１だけが、噴霧ノズル４９を介してもたらされる。蓄積部２３内で温度調節機構２２を介して温度調節されたメタンの乏しい天然ガス濃縮物は、１つ又は各々の充填体４８にもたらす前に冷やされるため、噴霧する前に熱交換器５４を通って、１つ又は各々の充填体４８に導かれる。   A further embodiment of the gas supply device according to the invention is shown in FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the cryogenic natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is passed through the spray nozzle 27 in the same manner as the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 7. Then, it is sprayed on the natural gas concentrate 21 poor in methane housed in the accumulation part 23 of the vaporization mechanism 16 and controlled in temperature. Only one or each temperature-regulated methane-poor natural gas concentrate 21 is provided to the one or each packing 48 via a spray nozzle 49. The methane-poor natural gas concentrate temperature controlled through the temperature control mechanism 22 in the accumulator 23 is cooled before being delivered to one or each of the packings 48, so that the heat exchanger 54 is turned on before spraying. Through to one or each filler 48.

既に何度も実施されたように、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された極低温の天然ガス１２を気化機構１６に供給し、その際、この天然ガスと温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１とが規則的に接触する。極低温の天然ガス１２の温度は熱交換器３０の後で約−１４４℃で、温度調節された天然ガス濃縮物２１の温度は約−８０℃である。その際、天然ガス濃縮物が適切な組成である場合、気化機構１６内の圧力が約６．５ｂａｒ（絶対値）を超えないことが保証される。ここで、気化機構１６の稼働には、温度調節機構２２の加熱手段の凍結防止は、約−８０℃までで十分である。   As already implemented many times, the cryogenic natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is supplied to the vaporizing mechanism 16, and the temperature of the natural gas and the natural gas is adjusted at that time. The natural gas concentrate 21 comes into regular contact. The temperature of the cryogenic natural gas 12 is about −144 ° C. after the heat exchanger 30, and the temperature of the temperature-regulated natural gas concentrate 21 is about −80 ° C. In so doing, it is ensured that the pressure in the vaporization mechanism 16 does not exceed about 6.5 bar (absolute value) if the natural gas concentrate is of the proper composition. Here, up to about −80 ° C. is sufficient for preventing the freezing of the heating means of the temperature adjusting mechanism 22 for the operation of the vaporizing mechanism 16.

本発明によるガス供給装置の上述した実施形態の特徴を、部分的又は完全に組み合わせた実施形態も考えられる。そして図２〜図６の実施例の場合においても、図７の実施例と同じ様に、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器１１から送り出された天然ガス１２が圧力均一化容器を恒常的に貫流するように、圧力均一化容器３４をガス配管２５に結合してもよい。   Embodiments in which the features of the above-described embodiments of the gas supply device according to the invention are partially or completely combined are also conceivable. In the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 6, as in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the natural gas 12 sent out from the gas container 11 containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas makes the pressure equalizing container constant. The pressure equalizing vessel 34 may be coupled to the gas pipe 25 so as to flow through the gas pipe 25.

図５及び図６を組み合わせて、外にある熱交換器だけを使用することも考えられる。循環する天然ガス濃縮物２１が、供給された液体の天然ガス１２に熱放出することによって、気化機構１６内の温度が上昇し、同時に外にある熱交換器２２での温度差が拡大する。これにより、両方ともガス供給装置の性能は向上する。   It is also conceivable to combine FIGS. 5 and 6 and use only the external heat exchanger. The circulating natural gas concentrate 21 releases heat to the supplied liquid natural gas 12, whereby the temperature in the vaporization mechanism 16 rises and at the same time the temperature difference in the heat exchanger 22 outside increases. Thereby, the performance of the gas supply device is improved in both cases.

本発明の第１の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on the 3rd Example of this invention. 本発明の第４の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on the 4th Example of this invention. 本発明の第５の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on the 5th Example of this invention. 本発明の第６の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on the 6th Example of this invention. 本発明の第７の実施例に基づく、内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas supply apparatus for the drive machines by an internal combustion engine based on the 7th Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 内燃機関
１１ 極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器
１２ 液体の天然ガス
１３ ガス配管
１４ コンプレッサ
１５ チェック弁
１６ 気化機構
１７ 混合点
１８ 熱変換器
１９ ガス調節区間
２０ 安全機構
２１ 天然ガス濃縮物
２２ 温度調節機構
２３ 蓄積部
２４ ポンプ
２５ 極低温の液体の天然ガスのための配管
２６ チェック弁
２７ａ 噴射ノズル
２７ｂ 噴霧ノズル
２８ 水位調節機構
２９ 戻り配管
３０ 熱交換器
３１ 弁
３２ 圧力センサ
３３ 弁
３４ 圧力均一化容器
３５ 弁
３６ 圧力センサ
３７ 充填レベルセンサ
３８ 弁
３９ 弁
４０ メタン価センサ
４１ 調節機構
４２ 弁
４３ 温度センサ
４４ 液滴分離器
４５ 消泡器
４６ 弁
４７ 弁
４８ 充填体
４９ 噴霧ノズル
５０ ポンプ
５１ 天然ガス濃縮物のための配管
５２ 弁
５３ 温度センサ
５４ 熱交換器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Internal combustion engine 11 Gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas 12 Liquid natural gas 13 Gas piping 14 Compressor 15 Check valve 16 Vaporization mechanism 17 Mixing point 18 Heat converter 19 Gas control area 20 Safety mechanism 21 Natural gas concentrate 22 Temperature control mechanism 23 Accumulator 24 Pump 25 Pipe for cryogenic liquid natural gas 26 Check valve 27a Injection nozzle 27b Spray nozzle 28 Water level adjustment mechanism 29 Return pipe 30 Heat exchanger 31 Valve 32 Pressure sensor 33 Valve 34 Uniform pressure Vessel 35 Valve 36 Pressure sensor 37 Filling level sensor 38 Valve 39 Valve 40 Methane number sensor 41 Control mechanism 42 Valve 43 Temperature sensor 44 Droplet separator 45 Defoamer 46 Valve 47 Valve 48 Filler 49 Spray nozzle 50 Pump 51 Natural Piping for gas concentrate 52 Valve 53 Degree sensor 54 heat exchanger

Claims (20)

内燃機関による駆動機のためのガス供給装置であって、極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器内が暖まることにより該容器内で気化する天然ガスを、自然気化ガスとして駆動機の方に運ぶ第１のガス配管系と、前記自然気化ガスの量が前記駆動機のために十分でない場合に、液体の天然ガスを、前記極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器から送り出して気化機構に供給し、部分的に気化させることにより強制気化ガスとして、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を前記駆動機の方に運ぶため、前記自然気化ガスと混合させる第２のガス配管系と、を備えているガス供給装置において、基本的にメタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物（２１）を規定の温度に保つための温度調節機構（２２）を含んでなり、規定の温度を有する液体の天然ガス濃縮物（２１）と、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された液体の天然ガス（１２）とを、前記気化機構（１６）内で液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化するように、前記気化機構（１６）内で直接的又は間接的に接触させ得ることを特徴とするガス供給装置。   A gas supply device for a drive unit by an internal combustion engine, which transports natural gas that is vaporized in the container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas as natural vaporized gas toward the drive unit When the amount of natural vaporized gas is not sufficient for the first gas piping system and the driver, liquid natural gas is sent out from the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas to the vaporization mechanism. A second gas piping system to be mixed with the natural vaporized gas to carry a mixture of the natural vaporized gas and the forced vaporized gas toward the driver as a forced vaporized gas by supplying and partially vaporizing; For maintaining a methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate (21) consisting essentially of hydrocarbons heavier than methane and having a boiling point higher than methane, at a specified temperature. Liquid natural gas concentrate (21) comprising a regulating mechanism (22) and having a defined temperature and liquid natural gas (12) delivered from said gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas ) In the vaporization mechanism (16) so that only substantially methane is vaporized from the liquid natural gas in the vaporization mechanism (16). apparatus. 前記温度調節機構（２２）が、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物を所定の温度に保ち、その際、前記温度が少なくともガス混合物の組成と、気化機構（１６）の所望の稼働温度時に液体の天然ガス内に含まれるメタンの気化圧力と、に依存していることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のガス供給装置。   The temperature regulating mechanism (22) keeps the methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate at a predetermined temperature, wherein the temperature is liquid at least at the composition of the gas mixture and the desired operating temperature of the vaporization mechanism (16). The gas supply device according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply device depends on a vaporization pressure of methane contained in the natural gas. 液体の天然ガスのうち前記気化機構（１６）内で気化しない構成要素が、前記天然ガス濃縮物に供給され得ることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のガス供給装置。   3. Gas supply device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that components of liquid natural gas that do not evaporate in the vaporization mechanism (16) can be supplied to the natural gas concentrate. 前記気化機構（１６）内で気化したメタンから、すなわち強制気化ガスから、メタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る液滴を取り除くため、前記気化機構（１６）が液滴分離器（４４）を内包し、該液滴分離器（４４）が前記気化機構（１６）の出口より下側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   In order to remove droplets made of hydrocarbons heavier than methane and having a boiling point higher than methane from methane vaporized in the vaporization mechanism (16), that is, forced vaporization gas, the vaporization mechanism (16) is operated by a droplet separator (44). The gas supply according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the droplet separator (44) is disposed below the outlet of the vaporization mechanism (16). apparatus. 前記気化機構（１６）が、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物のための蓄積部（２３）を有しており、その際、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された液体の天然ガスを、前記蓄積部（２３）内に集められた天然ガス濃縮物と直接的に接触させ得ることを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   The vaporization mechanism (16) has an accumulator (23) for liquid natural gas concentrate poor in methane, at which time it is delivered from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas. Gas supply according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid natural gas thus obtained can be brought into direct contact with the natural gas concentrate collected in the accumulator (23). apparatus. 極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された液体の天然ガスを、前記蓄積部（２３）内に集められた規定の温度を有する天然ガス濃縮物内に強い推進力で噴入するため、前記気化機構（１６）が噴射ノズル（２７ａ）を内包していることを特徴とする請求項５に記載のガス供給装置。   Liquid natural gas sent out from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas is collected in the accumulator (23) with a strong driving force in the natural gas concentrate having a specified temperature. 6. The gas supply device according to claim 5, wherein the vaporizing mechanism (16) contains an injection nozzle (27a) for injection. 極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された液体の天然ガスを、噴霧ノズル（２７ｂ）を介して、前記気化機構（１６）の蓄積部（２３）内に集められた天然ガス濃縮物に、上側及び／又は下側から吹き付け得ることを特徴とする請求項５又は６に記載のガス供給装置。   The liquid natural gas sent out from the gas container (11) containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas was collected in the accumulation part (23) of the vaporization mechanism (16) via the spray nozzle (27b). The gas supply device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the natural gas concentrate can be sprayed from the upper side and / or the lower side. 前記蓄積部（２３）内の天然ガス濃縮物の量をほぼ一定に保つため、前記気化機構（１６）の蓄積部（２３）に水位調節機構（２８）が組み込まれており、前記蓄積部（２３）内の天然ガス濃縮物が多すぎると、前記水位調節機構（２８）が余分な天然ガス濃縮物を、該天然ガス濃縮物の冷却後に、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）内に戻すことを特徴とする請求項５〜７のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   In order to keep the amount of the natural gas concentrate in the accumulator (23) substantially constant, a water level adjusting mechanism (28) is incorporated in the accumulator (23) of the vaporization mechanism (16), and the accumulator ( If the natural gas concentrate in 23) is too much, the water level adjustment mechanism (28) removes excess natural gas concentrate after the natural gas concentrate is cooled, and the gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas ( 11) The gas supply device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the gas supply device is returned to the inside. 前記気化機構（１６）が、少なくとも１つの充填体（４８）を有することを特徴とする請求項１〜８のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   The gas supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the vaporization mechanism (16) has at least one filler (48). 極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された天然ガスを、噴霧ノズル（２７ｂ）を介して、１つ又は各々の充填体（４８）に吹き付けることができ、１つ又は各々の前記充填体（４８）の表面に、吹き付けられた天然ガスが液体薄膜を形成し、そこから天然ガス濃縮物と間接的に接触させ得ることを特徴とする請求項９に記載のガス供給装置。   Natural gas delivered from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas can be sprayed to one or each filler (48) via a spray nozzle (27b). 10. Gas supply according to claim 9, characterized in that the sprayed natural gas forms a liquid film on the surface of each said filling body (48) from which it can be indirectly contacted with the natural gas concentrate. apparatus. 極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出された液体の天然ガス及び天然ガス濃縮物を、異なる噴霧ノズル（２７ｂ、４９）を介して、１つ又は各々の前記充填体（４８）に吹き付け得ることを特徴とする請求項９に記載のガス供給装置。   Liquid natural gas and natural gas concentrate delivered from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas are passed through different spray nozzles (27b, 49) to one or each of the fillers ( 48) The gas supply device according to claim 9, wherein the gas supply device can be sprayed onto the gas supply device 48). 前記気化機構（１６）内で気化したメタンから、すなわち強制気化ガスから気泡を取り除くため、前記気化機構（１６）が消泡器（４５）を内包していることを特徴とする請求項１〜１１のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   2. The defoamer (45) is included in the vaporization mechanism (16) to remove bubbles from methane vaporized in the vaporization mechanism (16), that is, forced vaporization gas. The gas supply device according to any one of 11. 特に前記駆動機（１０）に供給可能な自然気化ガスの量に応じて、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）から送り出して前記気化機構（１６）内で部分的に気化すべき液体の天然ガスの量を調整するための調節機構を含んでなることを特徴とする請求項１〜１２のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   In particular, depending on the amount of natural vaporized gas that can be supplied to the drive unit (10), the gas is sent from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas and partially vaporized in the vaporization mechanism (16). The gas supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising an adjustment mechanism for adjusting an amount of natural gas to be liquid. 自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスを混合させる混合点（１７）の下流側で、混合物のメタン価を測定するメタン価センサ（４０）であって、測定された実際値を、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物の温度を適合させるために前記実際値に応じて温度調節機構（２２）を調節する調節機構（４１）に伝えるメタン価センサ（４０）を含んでなることを特徴とする請求項１〜１３のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   A methane number sensor (40) for measuring the methane number of the mixture downstream of the mixing point (17) where the natural vapor gas and the forced vapor gas are mixed. 2. A methane number sensor (40) that communicates to an adjustment mechanism (41) that adjusts the temperature adjustment mechanism (22) according to the actual value to adapt the temperature of the gas concentrate. The gas supply apparatus as described in any one of -13. 液体の天然ガスを、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）からポンプ（２４）を介して送り出し、前記気化機構（１６）に供給することができ、さらに、前記ポンプ（２４）を介して、前記気化機構（１６）内で支配的な圧力が調整可能であることを特徴とする請求項１〜１４のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   Liquid natural gas can be sent out from the gas container (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas via a pump (24) and supplied to the vaporization mechanism (16), and the pump (24) The gas supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dominant pressure in the vaporization mechanism (16) can be adjusted via the. 極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器（１１）と前記気化機構（１６）との間に接続された、圧力変動を均一化するための圧力均一化容器（３４）を含んでなることを特徴とする請求項１〜１５のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   A pressure equalizing vessel (34) for homogenizing pressure fluctuations connected between the gas vessel (11) containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas and the vaporization mechanism (16); The gas supply device according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply device is a gas supply device. 自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスを混合させる混合点（１７）の下流側に、前記駆動機（１０）に供給する混合物の温度調節をするための熱交換器（１８）が配置されており、さらに、前記熱交換器（１８）の下流側で、メタン価センサが混合物のメタン価を測定することを特徴とする請求項１〜１６のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置。   A heat exchanger (18) for adjusting the temperature of the mixture supplied to the drive unit (10) is disposed downstream of the mixing point (17) where the natural vapor gas and the forced vapor gas are mixed. The gas supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a methane number sensor measures the methane number of the mixture downstream of the heat exchanger (18). 余分な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を排出するため、特に燃焼させるため、前記熱交換器（１８）と前記駆動機（１０）の間に、特に酸化器として形成された安全機構（２０）が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項１７に記載のガス供給装置。   A safety mechanism, in particular formed as an oxidizer, between the heat exchanger (18) and the drive (10) in order to discharge, in particular to burn, a mixture of excess natural and forced vapor gases The gas supply device according to claim 17, wherein (20) is connected. 極低温液化天然ガスの入ったガス容器内が暖まることにより該容器内で気化する天然ガスを、自然気化ガスとして駆動機の方に運び、前記自然気化ガスの量が前記駆動機のために十分でない場合に、液体の天然ガスを、極低温液化天然ガスの入った前記ガス容器から送り出して前記気化機構に供給し、部分的に気化させることにより強制気化ガスとして自然気化ガスと混合させるような、内燃機関内で燃焼可能な、自然気化ガス及び強制気化ガスから成る混合物を製造する方法において、基本的にメタンより重くメタンより沸点の高い炭化水素から成る、メタンの乏しい液体の天然ガス濃縮物を規定の温度に保つステップと、前記規定の温度を有する液体の天然ガス濃縮物と極低温液化天然ガスとの入った前記ガス容器から送り出された液体の天然ガスを、前記気化機構内で液体の天然ガスからほぼメタンだけが気化するように、前記気化機構内で直接的又は間接的に接触させるステップと、を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。   The gas container containing the cryogenic liquefied natural gas is heated to carry the natural gas that is vaporized in the container as a natural vaporized gas toward the driver, and the amount of the natural vaporized gas is sufficient for the driver. If not, liquid natural gas is fed out from the gas container containing cryogenic liquefied natural gas, supplied to the vaporization mechanism, and partially vaporized to be mixed with natural vaporized gas as a forced vaporized gas. In a process for producing a mixture of natural and forced vapors combustible in an internal combustion engine, a methane-poor liquid natural gas concentrate consisting essentially of hydrocarbons heavier than methane and having a boiling point higher than methane And a liquid delivered from the gas container containing a liquid natural gas concentrate having the prescribed temperature and a cryogenic liquefied natural gas. Natural gas, so that only substantially methane from natural gas in the liquid in the vaporizing mechanism is evaporated, wherein the comprising the steps of: directly or indirectly contacted in the vaporizing mechanism. 請求項１〜１８のいずれか一項に記載の特徴を有する請求項１９に記載の方法。   20. A method according to claim 19 having the characteristics of any one of claims 1-18.
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