JP2008144659A - Cogeneration device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration device capable of self sustaining operation even if an external exhaust heat carrying circuit laid out between the device and an external heat load fails in interruption of electrical power. <P>SOLUTION: This device is provided with an engine 2, a motor generator 5 driven by the engine 2, an exhaust heat collecting circuit 7 collecting exhaust heat of the engine and transmitting exhaust heat to the external exhaust heat carrying circuit, a branched path 10 branching off of the exhaust heat collecting circuit 7 and merging to the exhaust heat collecting circuit 7 again, a heat radiating radiator 11 provided on the branch path 10, and a selector valve 15 provided on a branch point 103 on the exhaust heat collecting circuit 7 and changing over to the branch path 10 in self sustaining operation. The device includes a portable unit including a connection terminal 810 for self sustaining operation electric power input, a boosting controller 813, and an emergency plug socket 88 for self sustaining operation electric power output. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cogeneration apparatus that outputs electric power energy and heat energy using an engine as a power source, and more particularly to a cogeneration apparatus that can perform a self-sustained operation in an emergency when a commercial power system fails and a hot water supply system fails.

  The cogeneration system is a system that generates power by converting the driving force of an engine into electric power by a motor generator, and recovers exhaust heat generated by the power generation and effectively uses it as thermal energy. This cogeneration system has attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of effective use of energy.

  In order to operate the cogeneration apparatus, it is first necessary to rotate the engine with electricity supplied from the commercial power system. For this reason, when a power failure occurs in the commercial power system, the engine cannot be started, and the power and heat from the cogeneration apparatus cannot be output.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1, the engine is driven when the temperature of hot water in the hot water storage tank becomes a predetermined value or less, that is, when heat demand is generated. Then, when the hot water temperature in the hot water storage tank becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the hot water in the tank is forcibly drained or low temperature water is supplied to lower the water temperature. This forcibly generates heat demand and starts the engine.

In Patent Document 2, insufficient power is replenished from a battery during a self-sustained operation during a power failure. Moreover, the cogeneration apparatus of patent document 2 has provided the branch path on the external waste heat conveyance circuit connected to the external heat load, and has provided the heat radiator on the branch path. During the independent operation, unnecessary heat exhausted from the engine is released from the radiator.
JP 2006-83720 A JP 2006-220066 A JP 2006-217767 A JP 2006-121888 A

  However, in patent document 1, when driving an engine at the time of a self-sustained operation, it is necessary for the hot water storage tank to operate normally in order to release exhaust heat. For this reason, in the event of an earthquake or other disaster, if the hot water supply tank is cut off, the hot water storage tank is damaged, or the communication pipe to the hot water storage tank is damaged, there is a high possibility that independent power generation cannot be performed.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, the radiator which dissipates the exhaust heat of an engine at the time of a self-supporting operation is installed in the external waste heat conveyance circuit which communicates between a cogeneration apparatus and an external heat load. For this reason, there is a high possibility that the self-sustained operation cannot be performed when the external heat transfer circuit or the pipe or pump in the hot water storage unit is damaged.

  In Patent Documents 1, 3, and 4, since a battery is used as a power source for starting the power generation device, it is necessary to always perform battery maintenance. The frequency of power outages has decreased in recent years, and it is also assumed that the self-sustained motor power generation function is not used within the product lifetime. Therefore, maintaining the battery constantly increases the maintenance cost. Therefore, it is conceivable to use an automobile battery widely used in each home as a starting power source. However, in this case, since there is a distance of several tens of meters to the outdoor parking lot where the car is parked, an extension cord for a length of several tens of meters is required to connect the cogeneration system and the battery for the car. It becomes. In some cases, such a long extension cord is not provided at home.

  Further, Patent Documents 3 and 4 are provided with an independent output port that outputs electricity during the independent operation separately from the electrical output port during the interconnected operation. However, since the output port at the time of self-supporting is fixed to the device, it is necessary to connect to the device that is actually desired to be connected with an extension cord. Such extension cords may not be provided at home.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is a case where a power failure occurs, and a self-sustained operation is performed even when an external heat transfer circuit that is piped between an external heat load fails. It is a first object to provide a cogeneration apparatus capable of performing the above.

  A second problem is to provide a cogeneration apparatus that suppresses an increase in the maintenance cost of the power supply at the time of start-up for self-sustained operation and has high convenience of input / output of electricity during self-sustained operation.

  (1-1) An invention for solving the first problem includes an engine, a motor generator driven by the engine, and a waste heat recovery circuit that recovers exhaust heat of the engine and transmits the exhaust heat to an external exhaust heat transfer circuit. An operation switching control unit that performs switching control between an interconnection operation that links the power generation output of the motor generator to the commercial power system and a self-sustained operation that isolates the motor generator from the commercial power system and makes the motor generator independent, In a cogeneration system having a stand-alone power input port that takes in the power required during operation and a stand-alone power output port that outputs to the outside the power generated by the motor generator during stand-alone operation, branch off from the exhaust heat recovery circuit A branch path that joins the exhaust heat recovery circuit again, a radiator provided on the branch path, and a switch that switches to the branch path during self-sustained operation provided at a branch point that branches to the branch path on the exhaust heat recovery circuit A cogeneration apparatus characterized by having and.

  When the cogeneration apparatus performs a self-sustained operation, the operation switching control unit separates the motor generator from the commercial power system and makes the motor generator independent. Moreover, the switching valve provided on the exhaust heat recovery circuit is switched to the branch path. Thereby, the refrigerant flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit flows into the branch path, and the heat of the refrigerant is radiated from the radiator provided on the branch path. Therefore, during the self-sustaining operation, exhaust heat from the engine can be radiated by the radiator instead of the external heat load. Therefore, even when a power failure or piping to an external heat load fails, the engine can be driven to output power from the motor generator.

  (1-2) On the outlet side of the radiator on the branch path, it is preferable to provide an on-off valve that is closed during the interconnection operation and opened during the independent operation. Here, since the on-off valve is provided on the outlet side of the radiator, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the radiator from the junction with the exhaust heat recovery circuit of the branch path during the interconnection operation. Therefore, the heat of the refrigerant is prevented from being released from the radiator. Therefore, the heat of the exhaust heat recovery circuit can be prevented from being released to the outside from the radiator on the branch path, and the exhaust heat recovery rate of the exhaust heat recovery circuit can be improved.

  (1-3) Moreover, it is preferable to provide the on-off valve on the inlet side and the outlet side of the radiator on the branch path. In this case, the refrigerant in the branch path is prevented from flowing not only from the inlet side of the radiator but also from the outlet side to the radiator. For this reason, the heat radiation from the radiator can be further suppressed, and the exhaust heat recovery rate of the exhaust heat recovery circuit can be further improved.

  (1-4) It is preferable to have a fuel type switching device capable of selecting the fuel type of the engine. In the event of a disaster, not only the power failure or the piping to the external heat load may fail, but the external fuel supply pipe such as city gas may also fail. Also in this case, the engine can be driven by switching to a type of fuel that can be procured (for example, propane gas). For example, a fuel type switching device includes a fuel switching switch that selects a desired fuel from several types of fuel gas, a fuel valve that is disposed in a fuel passage connected to a fuel source, and a type that is selected by the fuel switch. It comprises a fuel type switching control unit that instructs the fuel valve to adjust its opening so that the fuel gas has a proper mixing ratio with the air that burns appropriately.

  (1-5) Further, the engine, the motor generator, the exhaust heat recovery circuit, the operation switching control unit, and the switching valve constitute the first unit, and the branch path, the radiator, the independent power input port, and the independent power output port. Constitutes a second unit, and the second unit preferably has a connection port detachable from the first unit. The second unit is a unit necessary for autonomous operation. For example, a user of a cogeneration device may not need a self-sustaining operation. The user who does not need the autonomous operation can remove the second unit necessary for the autonomous operation from the first unit. For this reason, the necessity of a 2nd unit can be selected and the breadth of a user's selection spreads.

  (1-6) Moreover, it is preferable that the 2nd unit is arrange | positioned on the 1st unit. Thereby, the occupied floor area of a 2nd unit becomes unnecessary and a cogeneration apparatus can be installed compactly.

  (1-7) Moreover, it is preferable that an independent power input port is a connection terminal which connects an external power source so that attachment or detachment is possible. Self-sustaining operation is limited to emergency situations such as disasters. For this reason, the power source required for the independent operation is not permanently installed in the cogeneration apparatus, but an external power source such as a battery for a vehicle is procured and connected to the connection terminal only during the independent operation. Thereby, it is not necessary to always mount a battery, and the apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. In addition, maintenance of the battery is unnecessary, and maintenance costs can be suppressed.

  (2-1) The invention for solving the second problem includes an engine, a motor generator driven by the engine, and an exhaust heat recovery circuit that recovers exhaust heat of the engine and transmits the exhaust heat to an external exhaust heat transfer circuit. An operation switching control unit that performs switching control between an interconnection operation that links the power generation output of the motor generator to the commercial power system and a self-sustained operation that isolates the motor generator from the commercial power system and makes the motor generator independent, Stand-alone power input port that captures the power required during operation, boost controller that boosts the input voltage supplied from the stand-alone power input port, and stand-alone power that outputs the power generated by the motor generator during stand-alone operation In a cogeneration device having an output port, the stand-alone power input port and the boost controller constitute a separate unit from other devices in the cogeneration device. And it is, units are cogeneration apparatus characterized by is connected by a cable between the other devices in the cogeneration unit.

  In the above configuration, the self-sustained power input port is provided in a unit separate from other devices. For this reason, even when the activation power source is located far from the apparatus, the unit can be carried to the position of the activation power source, and the independent power input port can be easily connected to the remote activation power source. The unit is provided with a boost controller. For this reason, the electric power input from the power input port at the time of self-supporting can be efficiently transmitted to other devices through the cable after being boosted.

  (2-2) It is preferable that the unit further includes an independent power output port. In this case, by carrying the unit to a remote electric load, it is possible to easily connect the power at the time of self-supporting with the electric load. In this case, the unit preferably includes a step-down controller that steps down the high-voltage generated power generated by the motor generator during the self-sustaining operation. Thereby, the generated power generated by the motor generator can be efficiently transmitted to the unit through the cable with a high voltage.

  (2-3) It is preferable that the unit includes an operation panel for switching between the grid operation and the independent operation. In this case, even if the unit is installed at a position away from the apparatus, an operation for switching to the self-sustained operation may be performed while connecting the startup power source necessary for the self-sustained operation to the unit. For this reason, after connecting the power supply for starting at the time of a self-supporting operation, it is not necessary to move to other units far away. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform the switching operation of the independent operation.

  (2-4) The cogeneration apparatus that solves the second problem further includes a branch path that branches from the exhaust heat recovery circuit and joins the exhaust heat recovery circuit again, a radiator provided on the branch path, and exhaust heat It is preferable to have a branch path on the recovery circuit and a switching valve that is provided at a branch point where the branch circuit branches and switches to the branch path during the independent operation.

  According to the cogeneration apparatus of the present invention, the refrigerant is dissipated from the radiator by switching the switching valve provided on the exhaust heat recovery circuit to the branch path during the self-sustaining operation. For this reason, it is a case where a power failure occurs, and also when the external waste heat conveyance circuit between a cogeneration apparatus and an external heat load fails, a self-supporting operation can be performed.

  In addition, since the stand-alone power input port is provided in a unit separate from other devices, the stand-alone power input port can be easily connected to a remote start-up power source even when the start-up power source is located far from the device. Can be connected to.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) Embodiment 1
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cogeneration apparatus of this example collects exhaust heat from the engine 2, the motor generator 5 driven by the engine 2, and the engine 2, and exhausts it to the external exhaust heat transport circuit 94. The exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 for transferring heat, the interconnection operation for connecting the power generation output of the motor generator 5 to the commercial power system 864, and the motor generator 5 are disconnected from the commercial power system 864 to make the motor generator 5 independent. And an operation switching control unit 811 that performs switching control between independent operation and the like.

  In addition, the cogeneration apparatus includes a connection terminal 810 serving as a stand-alone power input port that takes in power necessary for stand-alone operation, and a stand-alone power output port that outputs power generated by the motor generator 5 during stand-alone operation to an external load. An emergency outlet 88, a branch path 10 branched from the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 and joined again to the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7, a heat radiator 11 as a radiator provided on the branch path 10, and an exhaust heat recovery A switching valve 15 provided at a branching point 103 that branches from the branching path 10 on the circuit 7 and switching to the branching path 10 during self-sustained operation, a fuel type switching switch 132 and a fuel type switching control unit 812 that can select the fuel type of the engine And have.

  On the outlet side of the heat dissipation radiator 11 on the branch path 10, an on-off valve 101 is provided that is closed during the interconnection operation and opened during the self-sustaining operation.

  An external power source 82 is connected to the connection terminal 810. The external power source 82 can be connected to the connection terminal 810 during the independent operation and can be removed during the grid operation.

  The operation switching control unit 811 is formed on the control board 81. In addition to the operation switching control unit 811, the control board 81 includes a fuel type switching control unit 812 and a boosting controller 812 that boosts the voltage of electricity supplied from the connection terminal 810.

  The engine 2, the motor generator 5, the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7, and the switching valve 15 constitute an interconnection unit 6. The interconnection unit 6 has a control board 86. The control board 86 adapts the AC current generated by the interconnection control unit 861 that controls the devices in the interconnection unit 6 and the motor generator 5 to the voltage and frequency of the commercial power system 864 and the electric load 865. A conversion unit 862 that converts the power as described above, and a power distribution unit 863 that distributes power to each device in the cogeneration apparatus and an external electrical load 865. The continuous diameter unit 6 generates power in conjunction with the commercial power system 864, collects exhaust heat generated by power generation, and outputs thermal energy.

  The branch path 10, the heat radiating radiator 11, the connection terminal 810 for power output during self-supporting, and the control board 81 constitute the self-supporting unit 1. The self-supporting unit 1 separates the interconnection unit 6 from the commercial power system during self-sustained operation to generate power independently, and discharges waste heat generated by power generation to the outside.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the interconnection unit 6 and the self-supporting unit 1 are connected by a branch path 10 and an electric wiring 80. Joints and connectors (not shown) are formed on the branch path 10 and the electrical wiring 80, and the interconnection unit 600 and the self-supporting unit 100 can be attached and detached by connecting and disconnecting these parts.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the interconnection unit 6 and the self-supporting unit 1 are accommodated in separate cases 600 and 100, respectively. The case 100 that houses the self-standing unit 1 is disposed on the case 600 that houses the interconnection unit 6. Opening doors 101 and 601 for checking and operating each unit are formed on the front surfaces of the cases 100 and 600. The opening / closing door 101 of the case 100 is provided with a fan guard 190 for the heat radiating fan 14 that releases the heat discharged from the heat radiating radiator 11 to the outside.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the motor generator 5 is connected to the engine 2, and generates power by the driving force received from the engine 2. The motor generator 5 has a function of rotating the engine with the supplied power when the engine is started. The motor generator 5 is connected to the power distribution unit 863 via the conversion unit 862. The converter 862 converts the three-phase alternating current generated from the motor generator 5 into a direct current, and further converts it into an alternating current that matches the frequency and voltage of the external electrical load 865. The converted alternating current is supplied to the electrical load 865 in the home via the power distribution unit 863. Further, in the cogeneration apparatus, various apparatuses can be normally operated with the electric power generated by the motor generator 5, but when the power is insufficient, the insufficient power is supplied from the commercial power system 864.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the engine 2 is rotationally driven by combustion of a mixed gas containing fuel and air supplied from the intake passage 3 to the combustion chamber 20. The mixed gas in the combustion chamber 20 is burned by a spark generated by the spark plug 24. Exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 20 is discharged to the exhaust passage 4. Further, the engine 2 is provided with a water jacket 27 for cooling water to flow and cool the combustion chamber 20.

  The intake passage 3 is a passage for supplying a mixed gas containing air and fuel to the combustion chamber 20 of the engine 2. The intake passage 3 includes an air passage 32 for supplying air, a fuel passage 34 for supplying fuel, a mixed gas passage 30 through which a mixed gas of air and fuel flows by joining the air passage 32 and the fuel passage 34. It has. The mixed gas passage 30 is provided with a throttle valve 31 that adjusts the amount of the mixed gas supplied to the combustion chamber 20.

  The throttle valve 31 is a valve body provided in the mixed gas passage 30 so as to be openable and closable, and the degree of opening and closing is adjusted by a stepping motor operated by an electric signal received from the interconnection control unit 861.

  The air passage 32 is provided with an air cleaner 33 for removing dust contained in the air. The upstream side of the fuel passage 34 is connected to a fuel supply source 35 that supplies fuel gas. The fuel supply source 35 is a fuel gas intake port. The fuel gas is city gas or LP gas. In the middle of the fuel passage 34, gas electromagnetic valves 361, 362, a governor 37, a buffer tank 38, and a fuel valve 39 are provided in this order from the upstream side. The gas solenoid valves 361 and 362 start and stop the supply of fuel from the fuel supply source 35. The governor 37 is a pressure adjusting valve, and adjusts the fuel supply amount so that the pressure of the fuel gas becomes atmospheric pressure. A part of the fuel is stored in the buffer tank 38, and the wave in the fuel passage 34 at the time of start-up is absorbed and suppressed by the fuel in the tank. The opening / closing amount of the fuel valve 39 is adjusted by a stepping motor that is operated by an electric signal from the interconnection control unit 861. The fuel valve 39 is provided in the vicinity of the junction 320 with the air passage 32, and adjusts the mixing ratio with air so that the concentration becomes optimum for combustion according to the type of fuel used.

  On the exhaust passage 4, a gas heat exchanger 411, an exhaust silencer 412, and a drain trapper 413 are provided in this order from the upstream side. The gas heat exchanger 411 exchanges heat of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage 4 with cooling water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. The exhaust silencer 412 gradually reduces the pressure and temperature of the exhaust gas to near the state of the outside air to reduce the exhaust noise. The drain trapper 413 collects the liquid contained in the exhaust gas. A drain passage 42 is connected to the gas heat exchanger 411, the exhaust silencer 412, and the drain trapper 413, and the drain generated from the exhaust gas is collected. The drain passage 42 is provided with a neutralizer 421 for neutralizing the drain. The recovered drain is neutralized by the neutralizer 421 and discharged to the outside.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 is a cooling water passage through which cooling water for cooling the combustion chamber flows. The exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 includes a pump 71 that circulates cooling water, and a water heat exchanger 72 that performs heat exchange between the coolant flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 and hot water flowing through the external exhaust heat transfer circuit 94. Have. The pump 71 circulates cooling water through the water jacket 27, the gas heat exchanger 411, and the water heat exchanger 72 of the engine 2.

  Thermistors 701 and 702 are mounted near the entrance to the engine 2 and near the exit of the gas heat exchanger 71 in the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7, respectively. The thermistors 701 and 702 detect the temperature of the cooling water and send the detection signal to the interconnection control unit 861. The interconnection control unit 861 instructs the pump to rotate the cooling water so that the cooling water falls within a predetermined temperature range, and adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water.

  Further, the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 has a heat exchange passage 77 provided with the water heat exchanger 72 and a bypass passage 78 provided with no water heat exchanger 72. A thermo valve 79 is provided at a branch point between the heat exchange passage 77 and the bypass passage 78. The thermovalve 79 closes the heat exchange passage 77 and opens the bypass passage 78 when the cooling water at the time of starting the engine is at a low temperature. In this case, the cooling water passes through the bypass passage 78 without passing through the heat exchange passage 77. Thereby, the temperature drop of the cooling water by the water heat exchanger 72 is prevented, and the engine 2 is warmed up early. When the cooling water rises in temperature due to driving of the engine and reaches a predetermined temperature or higher (during normal operation), the thermo valve 79 opens the heat exchange passage 77 and closes the bypass passage 78. In this case, the cooling water passes through the heat exchange passage 77. Thereby, the exhaust heat generated in the engine 2 is output to the external heat transport circuit 94 via the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 and the water heat exchanger 72.

  The exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 transmits the exhaust heat to the external exhaust heat transport circuit 94 by the water heat exchanger 72. The external waste heat transport circuit 94 is a passage through which hot water flows, and connects between the interconnection unit 6 and the hot water storage unit 9 that is an external heat load. The external waste heat transport circuit 94 is provided with a pump 941 that transports hot water. The pump 941 is disposed in the interconnection unit 6.

  The external heat transfer circuit 94 in the hot water storage unit 9 has a tank passage 943 connected to the hot water storage tank 942 and a bypass passage 944 not connected to the hot water storage tank 942. A three-way switching valve 945 is provided at a branch point between the tank passage 943 and the bypass passage 944. The three-way switching valve 945 stops the flow of low-temperature water into the hot water storage tank 942 by flowing hot water into the bypass passage 944 when the hot water at the time of starting the engine is lower than the required temperature, and becomes higher than the required temperature. Switch to allow the hot water to flow into the tank passage 943. Further, the hot water storage unit 9 is provided with a tank hot water temperature control unit 891 for setting the hot water temperature of the hot water storage tank 942 to the required temperature. The hot water temperature in the hot water storage tank 942 rises due to the operation of the engine 2, but when it is lower than the required temperature, it is heated by a gas combustor (not shown) provided in the hot water storage unit 9 and the temperature rises. Hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 942 is used in a bath, kitchen, or the like.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 is provided with a three-way switching valve 15 at a branch point 103 to the branch path 10. When the dial 131 of the operation panel 13 is switched to the self-supporting mode, the three-way switching valve 15 switches so that the cooling water flows to the branch path 10. The switching valve 15 is a three-way switching valve.

  On the branch path 10, a heat radiator 11 that dissipates cooling water is provided. The cooling water flowing through the heat dissipation radiator 11 is further dissipated by the heat dissipation fan 14.

  The downstream side of the heat dissipation radiator 11 of the branch path 10 is connected to the first surplus water passage 171 or the second surplus water passage 172. Both the first surplus water passage 171 and the second surplus water passage 172 have a reserve tank 13 for storing the amount of overflow of the cooling water during operation and a radiator cap 12 for adjusting the water pressure of the cooling water. And have. The first surplus water passage 171 is disposed in the interconnection unit 6, and the second surplus water passage 172 is accommodated in the self-supporting unit 1. Any one of the first surplus water passage 171 and the second surplus water passage 172 may be disposed. For example, when the self-supporting unit 1 is not used, the first surplus water passage 171 is disposed in the interconnection unit 6. When the self-supporting unit 1 is used, the second surplus water passage 172 is disposed in the self-supporting unit 1.

  The branch path 10 branches off from the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 at a branch point 103 on the downstream side d of the gas heat exchanger 411 on the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7, and a junction 104 on the upstream side of the pump 71 of the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. It is joined at. The junction 104 is preferably disposed at a position closer to the upstream side near the pump 71 than the branch point 103. In this case, the cooling water in the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 can easily flow into the branch path 10 by the suction force of the pump 81. In order to efficiently extract the exhaust heat of the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7, it is preferable to arrange the branch path 103 on the downstream side of the engine 2 and further on the downstream side of the gas heat exchanger 411.

  The self-supporting unit 1 is provided with a control board 81 that sends an operation signal to the devices in the self-supporting unit 1 during the self-supporting operation. In addition, the control board 81 has a connection terminal 810 for detachably connecting the external power source 82 during the independent operation. As the external power source 82, a battery mounted on the vehicle can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the self-supporting unit 1 is provided with an emergency outlet 88 as a power output port during self-supporting. The emergency outlet 88 is connected to the power distribution unit 863 of the interconnection unit 6 via a transformer 87 as a step-down controller. The transformer 87 converts the electricity sent from the power distribution unit 863 into an emergency low-voltage alternating current.

  The interconnection control unit 861 provided in the interconnection unit 6, the operation switching control unit 811 provided in the self-supporting unit 1, and the tank hot water temperature control unit 891 provided in the hot water storage unit 9 are remotely installed in the bath remote control 83, An instruction is received by any operation of the kitchen remote controller 84. The interconnection control unit 861, the operation switching control unit 811, and the tank hot water temperature control unit 891 have an electronic control circuit, receive a detection signal from the detector in each unit, and control the operation of the operating device based on the detection signal. Create a control signal and send the control signal to the operating equipment.

  Next, the operation of the cogeneration apparatus of this example will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the dial 131 of the operation panel 13 is set to “connected” during the connected operation. Further, the fuel type switch 132 on the operation panel 13 is set to “13A” which is a type of city gas. Then, it becomes a connected operation mode. At this time, when an instruction to start operation is issued by operating either the bath remote controller 83 or the kitchen remote controller 84, the independent unit 1 remains stopped, and the interconnection unit 6 and the hot water storage unit 9 start operating. When the operation is started, power is first supplied from the commercial power system 864 and supplied to the devices of the interconnection unit 6. The switching valve 15 on the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 prevents the cooling water from flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 and flowing into the branch path 10. As a result, the motor generator 5 in the interconnection unit 6 starts rotating with the electric power supplied from the commercial power system 864 and starts supplying rotational torque to the engine 2. Then, a mixed gas containing fuel and air is supplied to the combustion chamber 20 through the intake passage 3, and the mixed gas in the combustion chamber starts to burn. Eventually, when the engine itself is rotationally driven to perform normal operation, the motor generator 5 generates electric power by rotationally driving the engine 2. Then, the generated electric power is sent to the conversion unit 862, where it is converted into a desired voltage and frequency, and the electric power is supplied to the interconnection unit 6 and the hot water storage unit 9, and further to the electric load 865 in the home.

  Further, the engine 2 during normal operation warms the cooling water passing through the water jacket 27 and the gas heat exchanger 411 on the exhaust passage 4. The warmed cooling water passes through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 and warms the hot water flowing through the external exhaust heat transport circuit 94 by the water heat exchanger 72.

  In the interconnected operation, the switching valve 15 provided on the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 closes the flow path to the branch path 10 and opens the flow path to the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. Moreover, the on-off valve 101 provided on the branch path 10 is closed. Thereby, the cooling water in the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 does not flow into the branch path 10 but circulates in the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. Further, since the on-off valve 101 on the branch path 10 is also closed, the cooling water is prevented from flowing into the heat radiation radiator 11 from the junction 104 of the branch path 10, and the release of exhaust heat from the heat radiation radiator 11 is suppressed. .

  On the other hand, in an emergency such as an earthquake or fire, the commercial power system 864 may stop due to a power failure, the external heat transfer circuit 94 may break down, and the city gas supply may stop. In this case, the battery 82 for vehicles as an external power source at the time of self-supporting is connected to the connection terminal 810. Further, LP gas is connected to the fuel intake port of the fuel passage 34 instead of city gas. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the fuel type selector switch 132 is switched to “LPG”. As a result, the fuel type switching control unit 812 calculates the optimum fuel concentration in the case of LP gas, and adjusts the opening of the fuel valve 39 so as to achieve that concentration. When the gas supply source has not failed, the fuel type selector switch 132 need not be switched.

  Further, the dial 131 of the operation panel 13 is switched to “self-supporting”. Then, the independent unit 1 and the interconnection unit 6 are in the independent operation mode. The operation switching control unit 811 controls these so that the interconnection unit 6 and the independent unit 1 also start operation. When the operation is started, the supply and demand of power with the commercial power system 864 and the electric load 865 via the control board 86 of the interconnection unit 6 is stopped. On the other hand, insufficient power is supplied from the external power source 82 through the connection terminal 810 of the self-supporting unit 1 when power is insufficient such as when the engine is started. When the engine speed increases and the generator 5 starts generating power, power is output from the emergency outlet 88 provided in the self-supporting unit 1 to the power load in the home.

  Further, the operation switching control unit 811 switches the switching valve 15 provided on the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 to the branch path 10 side, and opens the on-off valve 101 provided on the branch path 10. Thereby, the cooling water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 flows into the branch path 10. Then, the cooling water is cooled by the heat radiating radiator 11 and the heat radiating fan 14 on the branch path 10 and returns to the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 again.

  In this example, in the self-sustaining operation mode, the cooling water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit in the interconnection unit 6 is caused to flow to the branch path 10, and the cooling water is radiated by the radiator radiator 11 and the radiator fan 14 on the branch path 10. is doing. For this reason, even when the external exhaust heat transport circuit 94 breaks down and there is no demand for heat, the cooling water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7 can be radiated by the branch path 10. Therefore, the engine 2 can be cooled by the heat radiation of the cooling water, and the engine 2 can be operated normally. Therefore, the motor generator 5 can generate electric power by driving the engine 2 during the independent operation.

  In this example, a three-way switching valve is used as the switching valve 15 on the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. However, when the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the exhaust heat recovery circuit becomes equal to or higher than the set temperature, the branch path 10 is entered. A thermo valve for flowing cooling water may be used.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, an on-off valve 101 is provided on the outlet side of the heat dissipation radiator 11 in the branch path 10. The outlet side of the heat dissipation radiator 11 is connected to the junction 104 of the exhaust heat recovery circuit 7. For this reason, the cooling water may gradually flow into the heat radiating radiator 11 from the merging point 104, though slowly. An on-off valve 101 is provided on the outlet side of the heat radiator 11 in order to prevent the cooling water from flowing into the heat radiator 11 from the junction 104. On the other hand, since the switching valve 15 is provided in the branch path 10 on the inlet side of the heat radiating radiator 11, the switching valve 15 can suppress the inflow of the cooling water to the heat radiating radiator 11 during the interconnection operation.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, an opening / closing valve 102 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat dissipation radiator 11. In this case, it is possible to stop the cooling water in the branch path 10 from flowing into the heat dissipation radiator 11 during the interconnection operation, and to further suppress heat dissipation from the heat dissipation radiator 11. For this reason, the exhaust heat recovery efficiency at the time of interconnection operation improves.

  Here, the three-way switching valve used as the switching valve 15 can completely prevent liquid leakage to the disconnected circuit. However, when a valve that may cause liquid leakage to the non-connected circuit, such as a thermo valve, is used as the switching valve 15, it is preferable to provide the opening / closing valve 102 on the inlet side of the heat dissipation radiator 11. In this case, the cooling water can be completely prevented from flowing into the heat dissipation radiator 11 during the interconnection operation, and the heat dissipation from the heat dissipation radiator 11 can be more effectively suppressed. Moreover, since it is not necessary to install a battery permanently, maintenance of a battery becomes unnecessary and a maintenance cost can be suppressed. Further, since it is not necessary to incorporate a battery into the apparatus, the entire apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced.

(2) Embodiment 2
As shown in FIG. 7, the cogeneration apparatus of this example is different from the first embodiment in that it has a portable unit 8 that is separate from the self-standing unit 1 and the interconnection unit 6.

  The portable unit 8 has a connection terminal 810 for self-sustained power input, a boost controller 813 for increasing the voltage of power input from the connection terminal 810, an emergency outlet 88 for power output, and an emergency And a transformer 87 for dropping the voltage of the electricity output to the outlet 88. A battery cable 815 is connected to the connection terminal 810. The portable unit 8 is accommodated in the small case 800.

  The portable unit 8 is connected to the self-supporting unit 1 by a cable 81. The cable 81 is an extension cord having a length of several tens of meters. The self-supporting unit 1 is provided with a controller 85 that controls the input / output of electricity during the self-supporting operation. The controller 85 is connected to the conversion unit 862 in the interconnection unit 6.

  In order to start the apparatus in a self-sustained operation, first, the portable unit 8 is moved to a parking lot where the automobile is stopped, and a battery cable 815 is connected to a battery 82 (external power source) such as an automobile or a motorcycle. The dial 131 of the operation panel 13 is switched to “self-supporting” to set the self-supporting unit 1 and the interconnection unit 6 to the self-supporting operation mode. Then, a direct current is input from the battery 82 to the connection terminal 810 of the self-supporting unit 1, and the voltage is raised to a predetermined value (for example, 100 V) by the boost controller 813. The increased DC voltage is sent to the conversion unit 862 in the interconnection unit 6 via the controller 85 in the self-supporting unit 1. In the conversion unit 862, the direct current is converted into a three-phase alternating current and then sent to the motor generator 5. The motor generator 5 is rotated by supplying electric power and gives rotational torque to the engine 2. The engine 2 starts combustion by ignition.

  Eventually, the engine starts to rotate and can output rotational torque. At this time, the power supply from the battery 82 is stopped by the controller 87. In this case, the battery cable 815 may be separated from the battery 82. In addition, the motor generator 5 starts generating power when the engine rotates. The electricity generated from the motor generator 5 is a three-phase alternating current, which is once converted into a direct current by the converter 862 and then converted into an alternating current (100 / 200V). Then, after the voltage of the alternating current is dropped by the transformer 87, the power is output from the emergency outlet 88 to the external power load. At this time, the connection with the battery 810 is disconnected. For this reason, the portable unit 8 can be moved to the location of the power load far from the battery.

  As described above, in this example, the connection terminal 810 for power input during stand-alone is provided in the portable unit 8 separate from the stand-alone unit 1 and the interconnection unit 6. For this reason, the portable unit 8 can be easily carried to the position of the battery 82 even when the activation battery 82 is located far away. In addition, the portable unit 8 further includes an emergency outlet 88 for outputting electric power when standing alone. For this reason, the portable unit 8 can be easily connected to the electric load by carrying the portable unit 8 to a remote electric load.

  In this example, the portable unit 8 is connected to the self-standing unit 1 by the cable 81, but may be connected to the interconnection unit 6. In this case, the controller is arranged in the interconnection unit 6. Moreover, although the self-supporting unit 1 and the interconnection unit 6 are accommodated in separate cases 100 and 600, both units may be accommodated in an integral case.

It is a typical block diagram of the cogeneration apparatus of Example 1 of an embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the electric system of the cogeneration apparatus of Example 1 of an embodiment. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an operation panel according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the front view (a) of the cogeneration apparatus of Example 1 of an embodiment, the front view (b) of a self-supporting unit, and the front view (c) of a connection unit. It is explanatory drawing of the engine of Embodiment 1, an intake passage, and an exhaust passage. It is explanatory drawing of the thermal radiation radiator which provided the on-off valve in the inlet side and outlet side as a modification. It is a typical block diagram of the cogeneration apparatus of Example 2 of an embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1 is a self-supporting unit, 2 is a motor generator, 3 is an intake passage, 4 is an exhaust passage, 5 is a motor generator, 6 is an interconnection unit, 7 is an exhaust heat recovery circuit, 8 is a portable unit, 9 is a hot water storage unit, 10 is a branch path, 11 is a radiator, 13 is an operation panel, 14 is a radiator fan, 15 is a switching valve, 81 is a cable, 82 is a battery, 87 is a transformer, 88 is an emergency outlet, and 94 is an external heat transfer circuit. , 101 and 102 are on-off valves, 810 is a connection terminal, and 813 is a boost controller.

Claims (10)

An engine, a motor generator driven by the engine, an exhaust heat recovery circuit for recovering exhaust heat of the engine and transmitting the exhaust heat to an external exhaust heat transfer circuit, and a power generation output of the motor generator for a commercial power system An operation switching control unit that performs switching control between an interconnection operation to be interconnected with the motor generator and a self-sustained operation in which the motor generator is independent by separating the motor generator from the commercial power system; In a cogeneration apparatus having an hourly power input port, and an independent electric power output port that outputs the electric power generated by the motor generator during the independent operation to the outside,
A branch path that branches from the exhaust heat recovery circuit and merges with the exhaust heat recovery circuit again, a radiator provided on the branch path, and a branch point that branches to the branch path on the exhaust heat recovery circuit. And a switching valve that switches to the branch path during the self-sustaining operation.   2. The cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an on-off valve is provided on the outlet side of the radiator on the branch path, the valve being closed during the interconnection operation and opened during the independent operation.   The cogeneration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the on-off valve is provided on an inlet side and an outlet side of the radiator on a branch path.   The cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a fuel type switching device capable of selecting a fuel type of the engine. The engine, the motor generator, the exhaust heat recovery circuit, the operation switching control unit, and the switching valve constitute a first unit,
The branch path, the radiator, the self-sustained power input port and the stand-alone power output port constitute a second unit,
The cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second unit has a connection port that is detachable from the first unit.   The cogeneration apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second unit is disposed on the first unit.   The cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the self-standing power input port is a connection terminal for detachably connecting an external power source. An engine, a motor generator driven by the engine, an exhaust heat recovery circuit for recovering exhaust heat of the engine and transmitting the exhaust heat to an external exhaust heat transfer circuit, and a power generation output of the motor generator for a commercial power system An operation switching control unit that performs switching control between an interconnection operation to be interconnected with the motor generator and a self-sustained operation in which the motor generator is independent by separating the motor generator from the commercial power system; An electric power input port; a boost controller that boosts an input voltage supplied from the electric power input port during independent operation; and an electric power output port during electric operation that outputs the electric power generated by the motor generator during the autonomous operation. In the cogeneration device we have,
The stand-alone power input port and the boost controller constitute a separate unit from other devices in the cogeneration device, and the unit is connected to other devices in the cogeneration device. Cogeneration device characterized in that they are connected by a cable.   9. The cogeneration apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the unit further includes the power output port at the time of self-supporting.   The cogeneration apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the unit includes an operation panel that switches between the interconnection operation and the independent operation.

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