JP2008117573A - Storage cell module with series/parallel switch type equalization function - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To equalize voltage of each storage cell in a storage cell module structured of storage cells of two series/two parallel setup or more with the use of a switch. <P>SOLUTION: In the module connecting a plurality of cells B1A to B4A, B1B to B3B, and B0C to B3C in series and in parallel, semiconductor switches Sa1 to Sa8 and Sb1 to Sb8 are alternately put on with the use of a driver made of an oscillation circuit or the like, reciprocal charge and discharge are carried out between the cells connected in parallel to equalize voltage of each cell. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for equalizing the voltage of each storage cell in a storage module constituted by two series / 2 parallels or more using a power storage cell represented by an electric double layer capacitor and a secondary battery, and its Relates to the device.

  A power storage module such as a capacitor module or a secondary battery module is configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series and in parallel in order to achieve a desired voltage and capacity according to the application.

  In the above-described power storage module, variations in cell voltage due to variations in the capacity, internal resistance, environmental temperature, self-discharge rate, etc. of each cell occur during repeated charge / discharge. When the variation occurs, the deterioration of the cell having a high voltage is accelerated, and eventually the cell falls into an overcharge and overdischarge state, thereby significantly shortening the life of the entire power storage module.

  Various methods have been proposed for equalizing the voltages of the cells in the module and preventing deterioration as a module. As a typical equalization method, a bypass circuit method, an equalization method using an inductor, an equalization method using a transformer, an equalization method using a capacitor, and the like have been devised.

JP 2003-289629 A JP-A-7-322516 JP 2004-129455 A JP 2004120871 A

  The various equalization methods described above measure the voltage of each cell in the module as needed, and perform equalization when a potential difference occurs between the cells. In these methods, equalization is performed using voltage dividing resistors and operational amplifiers for voltage detection, power transistors for equalization, transformers, inductors, capacitors, and many other electronic components.

  In a module configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series and in parallel, as the number of cells increases, the scale of the equalization circuit and the number of parts increase, and the failure rate as a module increases. Further, when the equalization circuit breaks down and the equalization capability is reduced or lost, the above-described voltage variation occurs, cell deterioration is accelerated, and the lifetime of the module is shortened.

  In the various equalization methods described above, the accuracy of the voltage to be equalized depends on the parameters of the storage cell and the element to be used. If an appropriate parameter is not selected, the cell voltage is not normally equalized, and the worst case In some cases, the module may be damaged. For the above reasons, when configuring a module, it is necessary to perform matching of storage cells and elements to be used, or to finely adjust parameters using a variable resistor or the like. When configuring a large-scale module, use a combination of multiple units consisting of multiple storage cells to achieve the desired voltage / capacity. Will occur.

The storage cell module according to the present invention includes n series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series,
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A group of switches that switch between two or more parallel states, including a second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections formed of n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that a connection state changes between the two or more parallel states;
It is characterized by including.

  Each power storage cell is arranged such that the capacity of all power storage cells included in at least one of the plurality of parallel connections included in the second connection state is smaller than the capacity of other power storage cells. And

  The storage cell may be a capacitor, a secondary battery, or a hybrid type in which a capacitor and a secondary battery are mixed. In this case, in each of the two or more parallel states, it is desirable that the ratio of the number of capacitors and the number of cells of the secondary battery is constant.

  The switch group can be composed of a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch.

Another storage cell module according to the present invention includes n series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series,
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one and a combination different from the first and second parallel states are combined with each of the series circuits. A switch group for switching a third parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections each including n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that the connection state changes between the first parallel state, the second parallel state, and the third parallel state;
It is characterized by including.

Furthermore, another storage cell module according to the present invention includes n series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A group of switches for switching between a second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n power storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that a connection state changes between the first parallel state and the second parallel state;
Voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of each storage cell;
Control means for controlling the operation of the switch control means based on the detection result of the voltage from the voltage detection circuit;
It is characterized by including.

Furthermore, another storage cell module according to the present invention includes n series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one and a combination different from the first and second parallel states are combined with each of the series circuits. A switch group for switching a third parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections each including n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that the connection state changes between the first parallel state, the second parallel state, and the third parallel state;
Voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of each storage cell;
Control means for controlling the operation of the switch control means based on the detection result of the voltage from the voltage detection circuit;
It is characterized by including.

A voltage equalization method for a storage cell module according to the present invention is a voltage equalization method for a storage cell module that equalizes voltages of each storage cell of a storage cell module including an arbitrary number of four or more storage cells. ,
Connecting at least two power storage cells in series from the arbitrary number of power storage cells, and preparing n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) similarly connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. The storage cell module so that it can be switched between two or more parallel states including one or a plurality of second parallel states formed of n storage cells extracted one by one. Connecting a switch group to
A step of switching the switch group at a predetermined cycle so that each storage battery cell is switched between the two or more parallel states using a switch control means during operation of each storage battery cell;
It is characterized by including.

  As described above, the present invention provides two cells of FETs, thyristors, and photo MOS relays in a power storage module configured by connecting a plurality of power storage cells for power storage intended for electrical energy storage in series and in parallel. In the storage module by switching the combination of cells connected in series and in parallel in the storage module using the semiconductor switch. This is a method of equalizing each cell voltage by performing mutual charge / discharge between the cells.

  According to this configuration, combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module are switched by two systems of semiconductor switches, and each cell is indirectly connected in parallel to all cells via one of the cells. Will be. When a voltage difference is generated between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is equalized.

  Further, the present invention provides each cell in a power storage module composed of power supply cells for the purpose of electrical energy storage of 2 series / 2 parallel (2 cells in series circuit and 2 cells in parallel circuit) or more. A power storage module that equalizes voltages using only two systems of semiconductor switches, and switches between combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module using semiconductor switches between each cell in the power storage module. It is a power storage module that performs mutual charge and discharge and equalizes each cell voltage.

  According to this power storage module, combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module are switched by two systems of semiconductor switches, and each cell is indirectly connected in parallel to all cells via one of the cells. Will be. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is equalized.

  In addition, the present invention is characterized in that in a power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function, a circuit having a function of switching each cell in the power storage module to a series connection and a parallel connection using only a semiconductor switch is provided. According to this configuration, each cell in the power storage module can be indirectly connected in parallel to all the cells via any cell by switching the two systems of semiconductor switches.

  Further, according to the present invention, in the power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function, any one of a plurality of series stages constituting the power storage module, excluding the highest potential side and lowest potential side switches of the outermost edge part. It is characterized in that the equalizing function is maintained even if one of the semiconductor switches is open-failed. When a semiconductor switch in the power storage module in the power storage module has an open failure, equalization by mutual charge / discharge cannot be performed between cells connected in parallel via the semiconductor switch. However, since the above cells are connected in parallel to another cell during switching operation of another system, equalization by mutual charge / discharge is possible.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a power storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function in a configuration of 2 series / 3 parallel or higher, and maintains the equalization function even if any one cell in the power storage module has an open failure. It is characterized by. When a certain cell in the power storage module has an open failure in the power storage module, the number of parallel connections of the cells in the parallel stage including the cell is reduced, but mutual charge / discharge in the parallel connection is possible. Even after the parallel connection is switched, equalization by mutual charge / discharge is possible.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a power storage module that equalizes each cell voltage in a power storage module composed of power supply cells for the purpose of storing two series / two parallel or more electric energy using only two systems of semiconductor switches. A storage module that equalizes each cell voltage by performing mutual charge / discharge between cells in the storage module by switching a combination of cells connected in series and in parallel in the storage module using a semiconductor switch. This is a power storage module in which cells are arranged so that the combined capacity of a certain parallel stage in the module is smaller than the combined capacity of other parallel stages in any connected state.

  According to this power storage module, combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module are switched by two systems of semiconductor switches, and each cell is indirectly connected in parallel to all cells via one of the cells. Will be. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is equalized. In any connected state, the combined capacity of one parallel stage in the module is smaller than the combined capacity of other parallel stages, so the cell voltage of that stage is higher during charging and discharging than that of other stages. Is low. In addition, since the capacity of the cells constituting the parallel stage having a small combined capacity is smaller than the capacity of the cells constituting the other parallel stages, the time constant of the voltage response is small. Therefore, in the parallel stage having a small combined capacity, voltage equalization proceeds faster than in other parallel stages, so that a difference occurs between the cell voltage of the parallel stage having a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage. When the cell is switched to a connection state different from the previous one, the cells are connected in parallel with cells having different voltages, so that mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells. In this way, by intentionally reducing the combined capacity of a certain parallel stage in the module, the mutual charge / discharge between the cells is activated, and in the case where a large voltage variation occurs, the module is composed only of cells having the same capacity. Can perform equalization more quickly.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a power storage module that equalizes each cell voltage in a power storage module composed of power supply cells for the purpose of storing two series / two parallel or more electric energy using only three semiconductor switches. A storage module that equalizes each cell voltage by performing mutual charge / discharge between cells in the storage module by switching a combination of cells connected in series and in parallel in the storage module using a semiconductor switch. The power storage module is arranged in such a manner that the combined capacity of a certain parallel stage in the module is smaller than the combined capacity of other parallel stages in any one of the three connected states.

  According to this power storage module, combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module are switched by three systems of semiconductor switches, and each cell is indirectly connected to all cells indirectly through one of the cells. Will be. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is equalized. In addition, since the combined capacity of a certain parallel stage in the module is smaller than the combined capacity of other parallel stages in any one of the three connection states, the cell voltage at that stage is higher than the cell voltage at the other stage. High during charging and low during discharging. In addition, since the capacity of the cells constituting the parallel stage having a small combined capacity is smaller than the capacity of the cells constituting the other parallel stages, the time constant of the voltage response is small. Therefore, in the parallel stage having a small combined capacity, voltage equalization proceeds faster than in other parallel stages, so that a difference occurs between the cell voltage of the parallel stage having a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage. When the cell is switched to a connection state different from the previous one, the cells are connected in parallel with cells having different voltages, so that mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells. In this way, by intentionally reducing the combined capacity of a certain parallel stage in the module, the mutual charge / discharge between the cells is activated, and in the case where a large voltage variation occurs, the module is composed only of cells having the same capacity. Can perform equalization more quickly.

  Furthermore, the present invention uses only two semiconductor switches for each cell voltage in a power storage module having a configuration of two series / two parallels or more including a secondary battery cell and a capacitor cell for power supply for electric energy storage. A power storage module to be equalized, wherein a combination of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module is switched by a semiconductor switch to perform mutual charge / discharge between the cells in the power storage module, thereby equalizing each cell voltage An electricity storage module, in which an arrangement of secondary battery cells and capacitor cells is performed so that all parallel stages in the module include both secondary battery cells and capacitor cells in any of the two connection states. It is a module. In each of the parallel stages, the ratio of the number of secondary battery cells and capacitor cells is constant.

  According to this power storage module, combinations of cells connected in series and in parallel in the power storage module are switched by two systems of semiconductor switches, and each cell is indirectly connected in parallel to all cells via one of the cells. Will be. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is equalized. Moreover, since all the parallel stages in the module include both the secondary battery cell and the capacitor cell in any of the two connection states, the hybrid power storage module in which the secondary battery cell and the capacitor cell are connected in parallel is provided. It is possible to configure. In each of the parallel stages, the ratio of the number of secondary battery cells and capacitor cells is constant.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a storage cell unit module capable of realizing a desired voltage and capacity by connecting a plurality of basic units including any number of semiconductor switches and storage cells in series and in parallel.

  It is possible to equalize each cell in a power storage module configured by connecting a plurality of power supply cells for electrical energy storage in series and in parallel using only two semiconductor switches.

  Even if the semiconductor switch or cell deteriorates due to long-term use or usage environment and various parameters such as the on-resistance of the semiconductor switch, the DC internal resistance of the cell, and the capacity of the cell change, the equalization function is not lost. A highly efficient power storage module with an equalizing function can be provided.

  Since only semiconductor switches are used for equalization, it is possible to reduce the failure rate as a power storage module. In the unlikely event that any one semiconductor switch, except for the highest potential side and lowest potential side switches at the outermost edge of a plurality of series stages, is open-failed, the equalization function is not lost. A highly reliable power storage module with an equalizing function can be provided.

  In a power storage module with an equalization function in a configuration of 2 series / 3 parallel or higher, even if any one cell in the power storage module is open failure, the equalization function is not lost, and a highly reliable equalization function is provided. A power storage module can be provided.

  Among several connection states that exist in a storage module with an equalization function, a cell arrangement is applied so that in one connection state, the combined capacity of one parallel stage in the storage module is smaller than the combined capacity of other parallel stages. Therefore, when voltage variation occurs, equalization can be performed more quickly than a module configured by only cells having the same capacity.

  Among several connection states that exist in the power storage module with an equalization function, in any connection state, the cells are arranged so that all parallel stages in the power storage module include both secondary battery cells and capacitor cells. Thus, a hybrid power storage module with an equalizing function, which is composed of a parallel configuration of a secondary battery and a capacitor, can be configured. In each of the parallel stages, the ratio of the number of secondary battery cells and capacitor cells is constant.

  In the equalization method of the present invention, the equalization function is not lost even when the parameters of the storage cells and elements used in the module are changed. Therefore, in the case of configuring a large-scale module by combining a plurality of units. Eliminates the need for matching between units.

  FIG. 1 illustrates the basic principle of the present invention. Cells a to c are connected in parallel via switches A to D. Ba to Bc are cell capacities, ra to rc are internal resistances of the cell, and rA to rD are on-resistances of the switches. Assume that the switches A to D are off and the cell voltages of the cells a to c are different from each other, that is, the cell voltages vary. Here, when the switch A and the switch B are turned on while the switch C and the switch D remain off, the cell a and the cell b are connected in parallel, and the internal resistances rA and rB of the cell and the on-resistances rA and rB of the switch A limited current flows from the high voltage cell to the low voltage cell. That is, the cell a and the cell b charge and discharge each other via the resistors ra, rb, rA, and rB. Then, as time elapses, the voltages of the cells a and b approach each other and eventually become equal.

  Next, when the switch A and the switch B are turned off and the switch C and the switch D are turned on at the same time, the cell b and the cell c are connected in parallel, and the direct current internal resistance rb, rc of the cell and the on resistance rC, rD of the switch. The current limited by flows from the high voltage cell to the low voltage cell. That is, the cell b and the cell c charge and discharge each other through the resistors rb, rc, rC, and rD. Then, the voltages of the cell b and the cell c approach each other as time passes and finally become equal.

  In the above series of operations, the cell a and the cell c are not directly connected in parallel, but can be regarded as equivalent to being indirectly connected in parallel via the cell b. Therefore, it can be considered that the cell a and the cell c are indirectly charged and discharged via the cell b, and the voltage of the cells a to c can be equalized by a series of these operations.

  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of a power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function of the present invention. The configuration of this module is 3 series / 3 parallel. B1A to B4A, B1B to B3B, B0C to B3C are cells, and Sa1 to Sa8 and Sb1 to Sb8 are semiconductor switches. The combination of cells connected in parallel in the module is switched by alternately turning on / off the two systems of semiconductor switches shown by the Sa system and Sb system using a driver, and each cell in the module It is possible to equalize cell voltages by performing mutual charge and discharge. The on / off operation using the driver can be switched between on and off at a constant cycle, and the cycle may be changed according to a change with time, a load variation, or the like.

  FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram in which the Sa system switch is on and the Sb system switch is off. In this state, B1A and B1B and B1C, B2A and B2B and B2C, and B3A, B3B, and B3C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this state, B4A and B0C are electrically opened in the module.

  FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram in a state where the Sa system switch is off and the Sb system switch is on. In this state, B2A and B1B and B0C, B3A and B2B and B1C, and B4A, B3B, and B2C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this state, B1A and B3C are electrically opened in the module.

  By repeating the on / off operation of the switches described above, the combination of series and parallel connection is always switched while maintaining a 3 series / 3 parallel configuration, and each cell in the module is parallel to all cells via any cell. As a result, the cells connected in parallel are mutually charged and discharged, and the voltages of the cells are equalized.

  In the first embodiment described above, the cells constituting the power storage module do not necessarily have the same capacity, and even when the power storage modules are configured by combining cells having different capacities, the cell voltages can be equalized. It is.

  FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the electricity storage module of the present invention. The configuration of this module is 3 series / 3 parallel. B1A, B'2A, B3A, B4A, B1B, B'2B, B3B, B0C, B1C, B'2C, and B3C are cells, and Sa1 to Sa8 and Sb1 to Sb8 are semiconductor switches. Here, B'2A, B'2B, and B'2C are cells having a smaller capacity than other cells. The combination of cells connected in parallel in the module is switched by alternately turning on / off the two systems of semiconductor switches shown by the Sa system and Sb system using a driver, and each cell in the module Mutual charge / discharge is performed to equalize the cell voltage.

  FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram in a state where the Sa system switch is off and the Sb system switch is on. In this state, B'2A, B1B, and B0C, B3A, B'2B, and B1C, and B4A, B3B, and B'2C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. Since the combined capacities of all the parallel stages are equal in this connection state, when the initial voltages of the respective cells are equal, the voltages of all the cells constituting the parallel stage are equal even during charging / discharging. In this state, B1A and B3C are electrically opened in the module.

  FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram in a state in which the Sa system switch is on and the Sb system switch is off. In this state, B1A, B1B, and B1C, B'2A, B'2B, and B'2C, and B3A, B3B, and B3C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this connection state, since the combined capacity of the parallel stage of B′2A // B′2B // B′2C is smaller than that of the other stages, when charging / discharging from the state where the initial voltage of each cell is equal, The cell voltage of this parallel stage is higher than that of other parallel stages during charging, and is lower during discharging. In addition, since the capacity of the cells constituting the parallel stage having a small combined capacity is smaller than the capacity of the cells constituting the other parallel stages, the time constant of the voltage response is small. Therefore, in the parallel stage with a small combined capacity, the mutual charge / discharge proceeds faster than other parallel stages, and the fluctuation of the cell voltage also increases. Therefore, between the cell voltage of the parallel stage with a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage There will be a difference. In this state, B4A and B0C are electrically opened in the module.

  In FIG. 7, when the cell voltage of the parallel stage having a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage are switched from the state in which the difference is generated to the connection state in FIG. Since the small cell and other cells are connected in parallel, mutual charging / discharging is performed between the cells in which the cell voltage is different.

  By repeating the on / off operation of the switches described above, the combination of series and parallel connection is always switched while maintaining a 3 series / 3 parallel configuration, and each cell in the module is parallel to all cells via any cell. As a result, the cells connected in parallel are mutually charged and discharged, and the voltages of the cells are equalized. In addition, by arranging the cells intentionally so that the combined capacity of the cells connected in parallel in a certain connection state is reduced, the mutual charge / discharge between the cells is activated, and the same occurs when a large voltage variation occurs. It is possible to perform equalization more quickly than a module configured only by capacity cells. However, in this embodiment, a cell having a small capacity is intentionally arranged in the module in order to quickly equalize when a large voltage variation occurs, and in a connection state where a parallel stage having a small composite capacity exists, it is somewhat The voltage variation always occurs.

  FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of the power storage module of the present invention. The configuration of this module is 3 series / 3 parallel. B'0A, B1A, B2A, B'3A, B4A, B1B, B'2B, B3B, B0C, B'1C, B2C, B3C, B'4C are cells, Sa1-Sa8, Sb1-Sb8, Sc1-Sc8 are A semiconductor switch is shown. Here, B'0A, B'3A, B'2B, B'1C, and B'4C are cells having a smaller capacity than other cells. The combination of cells connected in parallel in the module is switched by alternately turning on / off any two semiconductor switches of the three systems indicated by the Sa system, Sb system, and Sc system using a driver. Each of the cells can be charged and discharged between each other to equalize the cell voltage.

  FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram in a state where the Sa system switch is on and the Sb system and Sc system switches are off. In this state, B'0A, B1B, and B2C, B1A, B'2B, and B3C, and B2A, B3B, and B'4C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. Since the combined capacities of all the parallel stages are equal in this connection state, when the initial voltages of the respective cells are equal, the voltages of all the cells constituting the parallel stage are equal even during charging / discharging. When voltage variation occurs in each cell, mutual charging / discharging is performed between cells connected in parallel, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this state, B'3A, B4A, B0C, B'1C are electrically opened in the module.

  FIG. 10 shows a circuit diagram in which the switches of the Sa system and the Sc system are off and the switch of the Sb system is on. In this state, B1A, B1B, and B'1C, B2A, B'2B, and B2C, and B'3A, B3B, and C3C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. Even in this connection state, the combined capacities of all the parallel stages are equal. Therefore, when the initial voltages of the respective cells are equal, the voltages of all the cells constituting the parallel stage are equal even during charge / discharge. When voltage variation occurs in each cell, mutual charging / discharging is performed between cells connected in parallel, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this state, B'0A, B4A, B0C and B'4C are electrically opened in the module.

  FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a state where the switches of the Sa system and the Sb system are off and the switch of the Sc system is on. In this state, B2A, B1B, and B0C, B'3A, B'2B, and B'1C, and B4A, B3B, and B2C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this connection state, since the combined capacity of the parallel stage of B′3A // B′2B // B′1C is smaller than that of the other stages, charging / discharging is performed when charging / discharging is performed from the state where the initial voltages of the cells are equal. In the middle, these cell voltages are higher than those in the other parallel stages, and lower during the discharge. In addition, since the capacity of the cells constituting the parallel stage having a small combined capacity is smaller than the capacity of the cells constituting the other parallel stages, the time constant of the voltage response is small. Therefore, in the parallel stage with a small combined capacity, the mutual charge / discharge proceeds faster than other parallel stages, and the fluctuation of the cell voltage also increases. Therefore, between the cell voltage of the parallel stage with a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage There will be a difference. In this state, B'0A, B1A, B3C, and B'4C are electrically opened in the module. In FIG. 11, when the combination of parallel connection is switched from the state where the cell voltages of B′3A, B′2B and B′1C are different from the other cell voltages to the states of FIGS. 9 and 10, cells having different voltages are connected in parallel. As a result, the cells are connected to each other, and mutual charging / discharging is performed between the cells having different voltages, and the voltage variation is eliminated.

  In FIG. 11, when the cell voltage of the parallel stage having a small combined capacity and the cell voltage of the other parallel stage are switched from the state in which the difference is generated to the connection state in FIG. 9 or FIG. Since the small capacity cell and the other cells are connected in parallel, mutual charging / discharging is performed between the cells having a difference in cell voltage.

  By repeating the on / off operation of the switches described above, the combination of series and parallel connection is always switched while maintaining a 3 series / 3 parallel configuration, and each cell in the module is parallel to all cells via any cell. As a result, the cells connected in parallel are mutually charged and discharged, and the voltages of the cells are equalized. In addition, by arranging the cells intentionally so that the combined capacity of the cells connected in parallel in a certain connection state is reduced, the mutual charge / discharge between the cells is activated, and the same occurs when a large voltage variation occurs. It is possible to perform equalization more quickly than a module configured only by capacity cells. In the second embodiment, a slight voltage variation always occurs even in the normal state. In the third embodiment, the Sc system switch remains off and the Sa system and Sb remain in the normal state. By turning the system switch on / off, it is possible to maintain the combined capacity of any parallel stage so that the cell voltage does not vary. When a large voltage variation occurs, the Sa system switch remains off and the Sb system and Sc system switches on / off, or the Sb system switch remains off and the Sa system and Sc system switches on. It is possible to configure a module having a two-stage equalization function, such as performing quick equalization by turning off / off.

  With the above configuration, quick equalization is performed when the load is large and the cell voltage in the power storage module is likely to vary, and normal equalization is performed when the load is small and the cell voltage in the power storage module does not vary much. It is possible to switch the speed of equalization according to the load situation. This is particularly effective in applications where the load varies greatly depending on the usage conditions, such as automobile power supplies and portable devices.

  FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the fourth embodiment of the electricity storage module of the present invention. The configuration of this module is 3 series / 3 parallel. B2A, B3A, B1B, B3B, B1C and B2C are secondary battery cells, C1A, C4A, C2B, C0C and C3C are capacitor cells, and Sa1 to Sa8, Sb1 to Sb8 and Sc1 to Sc8 are semiconductor switches. The combination of cells connected in parallel in the module is switched by alternately turning on / off the two systems of semiconductor switches shown by the Sa system and Sb system using a driver, and each cell in the module It is possible to equalize cell voltages by performing mutual charge and discharge.

  FIG. 13 shows a circuit diagram in which the Sa system switch is on and the Sb system switch is off. In this state, C1A, B1B, and B1C, B2A, C2B, and B2C, and B3A, B3B, and C3C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. In this connection state, any parallel stage in the module is composed of two secondary battery cells and one capacitor cell, and the module as a whole is a hybrid power storage composed of two parallel secondary batteries and one parallel capacitor. Functions as a module. In this state, C4A and C0C are electrically opened in the module.

  FIG. 14 shows a circuit diagram in which the Sa system switch is off and the Sb system switch is on. In this state, B2A, B1B, and C0C, B3A, C2B, and B1C, and C4A, B3B, and B2C are connected in parallel to form a 3 series / 3 parallel module. When voltage variation occurs between cells connected in parallel, mutual charge / discharge is performed between the cells, and the voltage variation is resolved. As in the case of FIG. 13, even in this connected state, any parallel stage in the module is composed of two secondary battery cells and one capacitor cell, and the module as a whole has two parallel secondary batteries and 1 It functions as a hybrid power storage module composed of parallel capacitors. In this state, C1A and C3C are electrically opened in the module.

  By repeating the on / off operation of the switches described above, the combination of series and parallel connection is always switched while maintaining a 3 series / 3 parallel configuration, and each cell in the module is parallel to all cells via any cell. As a result, the cells connected in parallel are mutually charged and discharged, and the voltages of the cells are equalized. In any connection state, any parallel stage in the module includes both two secondary battery cells and one capacitor cell. Therefore, the module has secondary battery × 2 parallel + capacitor × 1 parallel. It is possible to equalize the cell voltages in the module while maintaining the hybrid configuration.

  In the fourth embodiment, the secondary battery cell and the capacitor cell that constitute the power storage module do not necessarily have the same capacity, and even when the power storage module is configured by combining cells with different capacities, the cell Voltage equalization is possible.

  With the above-described configuration, it is possible to maintain the hybrid configuration of the secondary battery and the capacitor while suppressing variation in the cell voltage in the power storage module by equalization by switching the connection state, and performing equalization It is also possible to cope with the pulse load that is a characteristic of the hybrid. In particular, it is effective in applications where normal loads and pulse loads are mixed, such as automobile power supplies, portable devices, and uninterruptible power supplies, and it is desired to suppress variations in cell voltages of power storage modules.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a unit unit constituting the storage cell unit module. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a storage cell unit module. The module of FIG. 15 is a 7-series / 5-parallel module, using two sets of units A to D each including a storage cell and a semiconductor switch, and one set of end units E to F each including only a storage cell. Configured. Unit A and unit B, and unit C and unit D can be alternately connected in parallel. At the end of the parallel configuration, unit A is end unit E, and units B to D are end units. Each of the Fs is connected in parallel. Unit A and unit C, unit B and unit D can be connected in series, and units C to D and end units E to F can be connected in series with the same type of units. . The minimum structural unit as a module is a combination of unit A and unit B with end unit E and end unit F, and if it is desired to increase the number in series, unit C and unit D are added to the desired number according to the combination. Connect in series. When it is desired to increase the number of parallel connections, a desired number of units A and C, and units B and D are alternately connected in parallel, and end units E and F are connected at the end of the parallel connection. By combining the above units, it is possible to configure a module of any voltage / capacity having a voltage equalizing function.

  All the cells used in the power storage module of the present invention are power storage cells for the purpose of storing electrical energy, and a plurality of power storage cells are used to form a power storage module. Therefore, even when a certain cell in the module has an open failure or when a certain semiconductor switch in the module fails and the cell is electrically disconnected, the function as the power storage module is not lost.

  In the power storage module of the present invention, when any one of the semiconductor switches except for the highest potential side switch and the lowest potential side switch at the outermost edge among the plurality of series stages has an open failure, the semiconductor switch is connected in parallel via the semiconductor switch. Equalization by mutual charge / discharge cannot be performed between connected cells. However, since the above cells are connected in parallel to another cell during switching operation of another system, equalization by mutual charge / discharge is possible. However, if the switch on the highest potential side and the lowest potential side at the outermost edge of a plurality of series stages fails, or if two or more switches fail, there is a cell that is electrically disconnected from the module. There are cases that occur.

  FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrams for explaining a case where the storage cell has an open failure. FIG. 17 shows a case of 2 parallel 2 series, and FIG. 18 shows a case of 2 series 3 parallel. As shown in FIG. 17, when the storage cell B1B has an open failure, the storage cell B1A is not equalized. On the other hand, in the case of 2 series 3 parallel or more, as shown in FIG. 18, even if the storage cell B1B has an open failure, all cells are equalized by switching the parallel state. Can do.

  In the power storage module of the present invention, when one cell in the power storage module having a configuration of 2 series / 3 parallel or more has an open failure, the combined capacity of the parallel stage including the failed cell becomes small. However, since this is not a failure that hinders electrical connection with other cells, each cell in the module is always connected in parallel with one or more other cells, so that the equalization function is not lost. However, in the case of a configuration of 2 series / 2 parallel or less, or when two or more cells fail, a case where a cell with no partner connected in parallel occurs or a parallel stage composed only of failed cells occurs. There is.

  19 to 22 are diagrams for explaining a case where the semiconductor switch has an open failure. FIGS. 19 and 21 are cases of 2 series and 2 parallel, and FIGS. 20 and 22 are cases of 2 series and 3 parallel. . First, FIG. 19A and FIG. 20A show a state in which an open failure has occurred in the semiconductor switches other than the outermost edge (indicated by “x” marks). In this case, it is possible to equalize all the storage cells by switching the connection state as shown in FIGS. 19 (b) and 20 (b). On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 21 (a) and 22 (a), when the semiconductor switch at the outermost edge portion has an open failure, the storage cell indicated by B1A in these drawings is disconnected from the circuit before equalization. It will be. For this reason, voltage equalization is performed excluding this power storage cell.

  So far, when equalizing the storage cells, the voltage of each storage cell has not been specifically measured. This is preferable in that the circuit configuration is simplified to reduce the weight and simplification of the entire module. However, when used in situations where there is no strong demand for weight reduction, etc., fine control that measures the voltage of each storage cell and performs equalization when the voltage difference from other storage cells becomes large May be desirable. 23 to 30 show block diagrams in the case where a voltage detection circuit is provided in the storage cell module.

  FIG. 23 shows an embodiment in which a voltage detection circuit 2, an averaging circuit 3, a subtraction circuit 4, a comparison circuit 5, and a reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6 are added to the circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an example of a method for reducing loss due to equalization and loss in a driver.

  The circuit of FIG. 23 is the above-described 3 series / 3 parallel module, and each cell in the module is connected to the voltage detection circuit 2 and the average circuit 3, and the voltage detection circuit 2 is a voltage corresponding to each cell voltage. The average circuit 3 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to the average voltage of each cell voltage. Output signals from the voltage detection circuit 2 and the average circuit 3 are input to the subtraction circuit 4, and a difference between each cell voltage and the average voltage of the cells, that is, a voltage signal corresponding to voltage variation is output from the subtraction circuit. The output signal from the subtraction circuit 4 is input to the comparison circuit 5 and compared with the reference voltage 1 supplied from the reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6. When the input signal from the subtracting circuit 4 is larger than the reference voltage 1, that is, when the variation of each cell voltage is larger than the value of the reference voltage 1, a signal is output from the driver 1 to perform switch switching control, and each cell When the voltage variation is smaller than the value of the reference voltage 1, the switch switching control is stopped, and a signal is output from the driver so that only one of the switches of any system is turned on. With the above operation, it is possible to reduce equalization loss and loss in the switch driver when there is no voltage variation between the cells.

  24, the voltage detection circuit 2, the average circuit 3, the subtraction circuit 4, the comparison circuit 5, the reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6, and the reference voltage 2 generation circuit 7 are added to the circuit of the third embodiment shown in FIG. This embodiment is an example of a method of switching a combination of switches that are operated according to the degree of voltage variation by reducing loss due to equalization and loss in a driver.

  The circuit of FIG. 24 reduces loss due to equalization and loss in the switch driver in the power storage module of the third embodiment. Each cell in the module is connected to the voltage detection circuit 2 and the average circuit 3, the voltage detection circuit 2 outputs a voltage signal corresponding to each cell voltage, and the average circuit 3 corresponds to the average voltage of each cell voltage. Outputs a voltage signal. Output signals from the voltage detection circuit 2 and the average circuit 3 are input to the subtraction circuit 4, and a difference between each cell voltage and the average voltage of the cells, that is, a voltage signal corresponding to voltage variation is output from the subtraction circuit. The output signal from the subtraction circuit 4 is input to the comparison circuit 5 and compared with the reference voltage 1 supplied from the reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6 and the reference voltage 2 supplied from the reference voltage 2 generation circuit 7. When the input signal from the subtraction circuit 4 is larger than the reference voltage 1, that is, when the variation of each cell voltage is larger than the value of the reference voltage 1, the Sc system switch is maintained in the OFF state, and the Sa system and the Sb system A signal is output from the driver so as to perform the switch switching control, and when the variation in each cell voltage is smaller than the value of the reference voltage 1, the switch switching control is stopped, and the signal is sent from the driver to turn on only one of the systems. Is output. With the above operation, it is possible to reduce equalization loss and loss in the switch driver when there is no voltage variation between the cells. Further, when the voltage variation further increases and the input signal from the subtraction circuit 4 is larger than the reference voltage 2, that is, when the variation of each cell voltage is larger than the value of the reference voltage 2, either the Sa system or the Sb system A signal is output from the driver so as to perform switch switching control between the switch of the non-off state of the Sa system and the Sb system and the Sc system of the Sa system and the Sb system, and the variation in each cell voltage is the reference voltage. When the value is smaller than 2, a signal is output from the driver so that the switch of the Sc system is maintained in the OFF state and the switch switching control of the Sa system and the Sb system is performed as described above. The above operation reduces the loss of equalization when there is no voltage variation between cells and the loss in the switch driver, and when the voltage variation is larger than the specified value, it is faster than normal equalization. The cell voltage can be equalized.

  FIG. 23 shows the circuit shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 24 shows the circuit shown in FIG. 8 with a voltage detection circuit added thereto. Alternatively, a voltage detection circuit or the like can be added to switch the switch based on the detected voltage. In addition, regarding the method of adding a circuit for voltage detection and switching the switch based on the detected voltage, the average voltage of each storage cell is obtained by the average circuit as described above, and based on the difference between the average voltage and the reference voltage. In addition to the case of switching the switch, for example, when any one of the storage cells becomes a predetermined voltage or less, or when the switch switching operation is performed when the voltage becomes the predetermined voltage or more, otherwise Various control methods can be adopted.

  In the equalization method of the present invention, a plurality of cells are connected in parallel using a semiconductor switch, and equalization is performed by charging and discharging between the cells. Therefore, after a certain period of time, the voltage of the cells connected in parallel Can be made equal. When various parameters such as the on-resistance of the semiconductor switch, the DC internal resistance of the cell, and the cell capacitance change, the time constant of the cell voltage response changes and the equalization speed also changes, but the equalization function is lost. Therefore, the reliability as a circuit is high.

  The semiconductor switch used in the module is preferably a switch having as low an on-resistance as possible from the viewpoint of equalization speed. When a semiconductor switch having a large on-resistance is used, the time constant determined by the on-resistance, the DC internal resistance of the cell, and the capacitance becomes large, so that the equalization speed becomes slow. When a semiconductor switch having a large on-resistance is used, the equalization speed decreases as described above, but the equalization function itself is not impaired. Therefore, even when the semiconductor switch or cell deteriorates due to long-term use or usage environment and various parameters such as on-resistance, DC internal resistance, and capacitance change, the equalizing function is not lost.

  The specific configuration of the equalization circuit described above is not limited to this embodiment, and includes a design that does not depart from the principle of the present invention. In the above embodiment, the 3 series / 3 parallel power storage modules have been described. However, if the configuration is 2 series / 2 parallel or more, equalization can be performed in any number of series and parallel power storage modules. It is.

  Although the above description has been made on the assumption that a semiconductor switch is used, equalization may be performed using a mechanical switch with a slow response speed such as a power relay when the switch switching cycle is sufficiently slow. Is possible.

  Further, in the above description, the term “cell” has been used, but the present invention can also be applied to a cell module including a plurality of cells in addition to a single cell.

It is a basic principle figure of the equalization circuit of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows one Example of 1st Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention. It is one Example of 1st Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention, Comprising: It is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor switch of Sa system | strain being ON, and the semiconductor switch of Sb system | strain being an OFF state. It is one Example of 1st Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention, Comprising: It is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor switch of Sa system | strain being OFF, and the semiconductor switch of Sb system | strain being an ON state. It is a circuit diagram which shows one Example of 2nd Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention. It is one Example of 2nd Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention, Comprising: It is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor switch of Sa system | strain being on, and the semiconductor switch of Sb system | strain being an OFF state. It is one Example of 2nd Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention, Comprising: It is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor switch of Sa system | strain being OFF, and the semiconductor switch of Sb system | strain being an ON state. It is a circuit diagram which shows one Example of 3rd Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function according to the present invention, in which the Sa system semiconductor switch is on, and the Sb system and Sc system semiconductor switches are off. It is. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the power storage module with series / parallel switching equalization function according to the present invention, in which the Sb system semiconductor switch is on and the Sa system and Sc system semiconductor switches are off. It is. FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function according to the present invention, in which the Sc system semiconductor switch is on and the Sa system and Sb system semiconductor switches are off. It is. It is a circuit which shows one Example of 4th Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching type equalization function of this invention. FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the power storage module with a series / parallel switching type equalization function of the present invention, in which a Sa-system semiconductor switch is on and an Sb-system semiconductor switch is off. It is one Example of the 4th Embodiment of the electrical storage module with a serial / parallel switching equalization function of this invention, Comprising: It is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor switch of Sa system | strain being OFF, and the semiconductor switch of Sb system | strain being an ON state. It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the unit unit which comprises the electrical storage cell unit module of this invention. It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the electrical storage cell unit module of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where an electrical storage cell carries out an open failure. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where an electrical storage cell carries out an open failure. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where a semiconductor switch has an open failure. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where a semiconductor switch has an open failure. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where a semiconductor switch has an open failure. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where a semiconductor switch has an open failure. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment in which a voltage detection circuit 2, an averaging circuit 3, a subtraction circuit 4, a comparison circuit 5, and a reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6 are added to the circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The voltage detection circuit 2, the average circuit 3, the subtraction circuit 4, the comparison circuit 5, the reference voltage 1 generation circuit 6, and the reference voltage 2 generation circuit 7 are added to the circuit of the third embodiment shown in FIG. It is a block diagram.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Driver 2 Voltage detection circuit 3 Average circuit 4 Subtraction circuit 5 Comparison circuit 6 Reference voltage 1 generation circuit 7 Reference voltage 2 generation circuit Ba-Bc Capacity | capacitance ra-rc of an electrical storage cell DC internal resistance rA-rD of an electrical storage cell ON of a semiconductor switch Resistors B0A to B4A Power storage cells B1B to B3B Power storage cells B0C to B4C Power storage cells C1A, C4A, C2B, C0C, C3C Capacitor cells Sa1 to Sa8 Sa system semiconductor switches Sb1 to Sb8 Sb system semiconductor switches Sc1 to Sc8 Sc system semiconductor switches

Claims (19)

N series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A group of switches that switch between two or more parallel states, including a second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections formed of n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that a connection state changes between the two or more parallel states;
A power storage cell module comprising:   Each power storage cell is arranged such that the capacity of all power storage cells included in at least one of the plurality of parallel connections included in the second connection state is smaller than the capacity of other power storage cells. The power storage cell module according to claim 1.   The electrical storage cell module according to claim 1, wherein the electrical storage cell is a capacitor.   The electrical storage cell module according to claim 1, wherein the electrical storage cell is a secondary battery.   The storage cell module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the storage cells is a hybrid type in which a capacitor and a secondary battery are mixed.   The storage cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the switch group includes semiconductor switches.   The storage cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the switch group includes a mechanical switch.   The storage cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the switch control means is configured to switch the switch group at a predetermined cycle. N series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one and a combination different from the first and second parallel states are combined with each of the series circuits. A switch group for switching a third parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections each including n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that the connection state changes between the first parallel state, the second parallel state, and the third parallel state;
A power storage cell module comprising: N series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A group of switches that switch between two or more parallel states, including a second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n power storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that a connection state changes between the two or more parallel states;
Voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of each storage cell;
Control means for controlling the operation of the switch control means based on the detection result of the voltage from the voltage detection circuit;
A power storage cell module comprising:   11. The storage cell module according to claim 10, wherein each of the storage cells is a hybrid type in which a capacitor and a secondary battery are mixed.   The storage cell module according to claim 11, wherein in each of the two or more parallel states, the ratio of the number of capacitors and the number of cells of the secondary battery is constant. N series circuits provided with n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) in which at least two storage cells are connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. A second parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one and a combination different from the first and second parallel states are combined with each of the series circuits. A switch group for switching a third parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections each including n storage cells extracted one by one are formed;
Switch control means for switching the switch group so that the connection state changes between the first parallel state, the second parallel state, and the third parallel state;
Voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of each storage cell;
Control means for controlling the operation of the switch control means based on the detection result of the voltage from the voltage detection circuit;
A power storage cell module comprising: A voltage equalization method for a storage cell module that equalizes voltages of each storage cell of a storage cell module including an arbitrary number of storage cells of four or more,
Connecting at least two power storage cells in series from the arbitrary number of power storage cells, and preparing n series circuits (n is an integer of 2 or more) similarly connected in series;
A first parallel state in which one or a plurality of parallel connections composed of n storage cells extracted one by one from each series circuit are formed and a combination different from the first parallel state from each series circuit. The storage cell module so that it can be switched between two or more parallel states including one or a plurality of second parallel states formed of n storage cells extracted one by one. Connecting a switch group to
A step of switching the switch group at a predetermined cycle so that each storage battery cell is switched between the two or more parallel states using a switch control means during operation of each storage battery cell;
A voltage equalizing method for a storage cell module, comprising:   15. The voltage equalization method for a power storage cell module according to claim 14, wherein the power storage cell is a capacitor.   15. The voltage equalization method for a power storage cell module according to claim 14, wherein the power storage cell is a secondary battery.   The voltage equalization method for the storage cell module 1 according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the switch group includes semiconductor switches.   The voltage equalization method for a storage cell module according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the switch group is composed of mechanical switches.   Each power storage cell is arranged such that the capacity of all power storage cells included in one of the plurality of parallel connections included in the second connection state is smaller than the capacity of other power storage cells. The voltage equalization method of the electrical storage cell module according to claim 14.

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