CN105553009B - Equalization circuit for rapidly balancing battery pack of switch array and control method - Google Patents

Equalization circuit for rapidly balancing battery pack of switch array and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105553009B
CN105553009B CN201511008834.8A CN201511008834A CN105553009B CN 105553009 B CN105553009 B CN 105553009B CN 201511008834 A CN201511008834 A CN 201511008834A CN 105553009 B CN105553009 B CN 105553009B
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cell
switch
monomer
electronic circuit
resistance
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CN105553009A (en
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徐文赋
任素云
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Huizhou Blueway New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Huizhou Blueway New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an equalization circuit for rapidly balancing a battery pack of a switch array and a control method. The circuit comprises a single battery switch selection sub circuit, a resistance discharging combination sub circuit, a single voltage acquisition sub circuit and a switch control driving sub circuit, wherein the single battery switch selection sub circuit is used for conducting a single battery needed to be discharged, the resistance discharging combination sub circuit is used for configuring the size of a discharging current, the single voltage acquisition sub circuit is used for acquiring an actual voltage value of each section of single battery and calculating the single battery needed to be balanced, and the switch control driving sub circuit is used for controlling a corresponding switch and balancing the single battery. By the single battery switch selection sub circuit, balanced discharging of multiple sections of single batteries can be simultaneously achieved; and during discharging, the switch of the single battery switch selection sub circuit is selected and the switch of the closed resistance discharging combination sub circuit is matched to form a discharging loop, and the balance of the selected single battery is achieved.

Description

The equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack and control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of new-energy automobile, more specifically, is to be related to a kind of switch arrays fast uniform The equalizing circuit of battery pack and control method.
Background technology
Electric automobile power battery group is made up of string lithium ion cells up to a hundred, uniformity between lithium ion single battery For electric automobile performance and the life-span it is most important.Present passive equalizing circuit euqalizing current is little, and equilibrium is put Electrical circuit is fixed, and so limits the size of euqalizing current, so needs quickly to fall the magnitude of voltage of highest cell Come relatively difficult.Consistency of battery pack evaluation is one of core that battery is connected into group application technology, directly influences battery pack The security for using and high efficiency.In prior art, existing more document is carried out to the method for evaluating consistency of battery pack Discuss, and propose various equalizing circuits, but be that the external voltage difference being all based between battery carries out Conformance Assessment simultaneously mostly Implement Balance route, this kind of evaluation method causes portfolio effect to drop due to can not effectively indicate the inherent difference between battery Level.Capacity, volume, cost and the radiating that this causes vehicle-mounted online balanced device is all difficult to solve;And the equilibrium of off-line type can be obvious Increase the workload of battery maintenance, and finally hinder the large-scale promotion application of electric automobile.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome drawbacks described above of the prior art, there is provided a kind of switch arrays fast uniform battery The equalizing circuit of group and control method, realize being rapidly achieved the conforming requirement of voltage between batteries monomer voltage.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, selects including cell switch Electronic circuit, conductive discharge combination electronic circuit, monomer voltage collection electronic circuit and switch control rule drive sub-circuits;The monomer electricity Pond switch selects electronic circuit to be used for connecting the cell for needing electric discharge, and the conductive discharge combination electronic circuit is used for discharge current The configuration of size, the monomer voltage collection electronic circuit are used for the actual voltage value that collection often saves cell, and calculate needs Cell in a balanced way, the switch control rule drive sub-circuits control is corresponding to be switched, and carries out the equilibrium to cell.
Used as preferred technical scheme, the cell switch selects electronic circuit to include multiple cells and multiple lists Body battery gating switch, the cell and cell gating switch are directly connected, when cell needs balanced, will The cell gating switch closure of cell two ends connection, by this section cell access discharge loop below.
Used as preferred technical scheme, the conductive discharge combination electronic circuit includes that multiple resistance and multiple resistance gating are opened Close, the resistance is connected with resistance gating switch, when resistance gating switch corresponding with resistance is closed, the resistance is accessed and is put Electrical circuit.
Used as preferred technical scheme, the cell gating switch and resistance gating switch are by metal-oxide-semiconductor or solid-state Relay group into.
Used as preferred technical scheme, the monomer voltage Acquisition Circuit includes controller and the special core of lithium ion battery Piece, the lithium ion battery special chip are connected with every section cell respectively, for gathering the voltage of each section cell; The controller is processed to the data for collecting, and analyzes needs cell in a balanced way, and then controlling switch control is driven Mover circuit, closed pair answer the cell gating switch of cell, resistance gating switch, constitute cell and resistance Discharge loop, to high-tension cell equalization discharge.
Present invention also offers a kind of control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, the method bag Include following step:
(1) after the low-voltage on battery management system is started working, electronic circuit is gathered by monomer voltage, measures battery Group often saves the actual voltage value of cell, and stores;
(2) monomer voltage to collecting is ranked up, and calculates battery pack highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage Between difference, and calculate the mean value between all cells of battery pack;
(3) mean value of all monomer voltages is compared with minimum monomer voltage, if difference is equal less than unlatching is needed The threshold value of weighing apparatus, then need not carry out equilibrium less than the cell of mean value;
(4) mean value of all monomer voltages is compared with highest monomer voltage, if difference is less than needs threshold value in a balanced way, Equilibrium need not be carried out more than the battery of mean value then;
(5) if minimum monomer battery voltage is more than with the difference of mean value needs threshold value in a balanced way, finding out needs equilibrium Minimum cell numbering, then more than this cell numbering be required for equilibrium.
Used as preferred technical scheme, in step (2), the method that the monomer voltage to collecting is ranked up is:Adopting The monomer voltage for collecting is placed in an one-dimension array, finds out the maximum and minimum of monomer voltage using the method for selected and sorted Value.
Used as preferred technical scheme, in step (5), method is as follows in a balanced way:
(5-1) highest cell is discharged, and discharge loop is accessed by corresponding resistor in parallel according to discharge capacity, used Maximum electric current is discharged;
(5-2) secondary high monomer battery is discharged, if secondary high monomer voltage is more than with the pressure reduction of mean value opens threshold Value 1, but be less than threshold value 2, then close the cell choosing that the corresponding cell switch of time high monomer battery selects electronic circuit Pass is opened up, the resistance gating switch that time corresponding conductive discharge of high monomer battery combines electronic circuit is closed at, will correspondence resistance It is in parallel to access discharge loop, to be discharged, the threshold value 1, threshold value 2 are the balanced differences opened of setting, namely open balanced Condition, the grade of the grade of threshold value 1 less than threshold value 2;
(5-3) circulate successively the threshold requirement of setting is reached until the voltage of all cells.
As preferred technical scheme, in step (5), if two section cells need equilibrium, this two sections monomer Between battery, pressure reduction is less than given threshold 3, and balanced pressure reduction is both greater than given threshold 1, less than given threshold 2, then simultaneously right Two section cells carry out equilibrium.
As preferred technical scheme, if the adjacent cell of three sections needs equilibrium, then carried out using small current Equilibrium, closes first segment and the corresponding cell switch of Section three cell selects the cell of electronic circuit to gate to open Close, while accessing the resistance gating switch that first segment and the corresponding conductive discharge of Section three cell combine electronic circuit, access Corresponding resistor constitutes discharge loop, carries out equilibrium.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1st, the present invention combines electronic circuit according to conductive discharge, corresponding resistance can be carried out parallel connection, so as to adjust electric discharge The size of electric current, it is simple to operate, flexible.
2nd, the present invention can realize more piece cell while balanced discharge by cell switch selection electronic circuit, When being discharged, closure cell switch is selected to select the cell gating switch of electronic circuit, then fitting closure resistance to put The resistance gating switch of electricity combination electronic circuit, forms discharge loop, realizes the equilibrium to selected cell.
3rd, multiple resistor coupled in parallel in equalizing circuit of the invention, shunt resistance, reduce the heat above single resistance, protection It is too high and damage that resistance is unlikely to temperature.
4th, cell switch of the present invention selects electronic circuit, conductive discharge combination electronic circuit realize control with independent assortment The variation of mode processed, meets the electric discharge demand under different mode.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with basis These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the equalizing circuit of the switch arrays fast uniform battery pack that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided;
Fig. 2 is the stream of the equalizing circuit control method of the switch arrays fast uniform battery pack that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided Cheng Tu.
Specific embodiment
For making purpose, technical scheme and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is The a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
Embodiments of the invention one provide the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, and Fig. 1 is of the invention real The structure chart of example one is applied, Fig. 1 is refer to, the equalizing circuit includes that cell switch selects electronic circuit, conductive discharge combination Circuit, monomer voltage collection electronic circuit and switch control rule drive sub-circuits;The cell switch selects electronic circuit to be used for Connecting needs the cell of electric discharge, and the conductive discharge combination electronic circuit is used for the configuration of discharge current size, the monomer Voltage acquisition electronic circuit is used for the actual voltage value that collection often saves cell, and calculates needs cell in a balanced way, described The control of switch control rule drive sub-circuits is corresponding to be switched, and carries out equilibrium to battery pack.
The cell switch selects electronic circuit to include multiple cells and multiple cell gating switches, described Cell and cell gating switch are directly connected, and when cell needs balanced, cell two ends are connected Cell gating switch is closed, by this section cell access discharge loop below.
The conductive discharge combination electronic circuit includes multiple resistance and multiple resistance gating switches, and the resistance is selected with resistance Pass series connection is opened up, when resistance gating switch corresponding with resistance is closed, the resistance discharge loop is accessed.
The cell gating switch is made up of metal-oxide-semiconductor or solid-state relay.
The resistance gating switch is made up of metal-oxide-semiconductor or solid-state relay.
The monomer voltage Acquisition Circuit includes controller and lithium ion battery special chip, and the lithium ion battery is special Chip is connected with every section cell respectively, for gathering the voltage of each section cell;The controller is to collecting Data are processed, and analyze needs cell in a balanced way, then controlling switch control drive sub-circuits, and closed pair answers monomer The cell gating switch of battery, resistance gating switch, make cell and resistance constitute discharge loop, to high-tension list Body battery discharge is balanced.
The present invention selects electronic circuit realize more piece cell while balanced discharge, is entering by cell switch During row electric discharge, closure cell switch is selected to select the cell gating switch of electronic circuit, then fitting closure conductive discharge The resistance gating switch of combination electronic circuit, forms discharge loop, realizes the equilibrium to selected cell.
Embodiment two
Embodiments of the invention two provide a kind of control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two, refer to Fig. 2, and the method for the embodiment of the present invention is comprised the following steps:
S101, when on battery management system low-voltage start working after, by monomer voltage gather electronic circuit, measurement electricity Pond group often saves the actual voltage value of cell, and stores;
S102, the monomer voltage to collecting are ranked up, and calculate battery pack highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer electricity Difference between pressure, and calculate the mean value between all cells of battery pack;
S103, the mean value of all monomer voltages are compared with minimum monomer voltage, if difference is less than to need to open Threshold value, then need not carry out equilibrium less than the cell of mean value in a balanced way;
S104, the mean value of all monomer voltages are compared with highest monomer voltage, if difference is less than needs threshold in a balanced way Value, then need not carry out equilibrium more than the battery of mean value;
If the difference of S105, minimum monomer battery voltage and mean value finds out needs equal more than threshold value in a balanced way is needed The minimum cell numbering of weighing apparatus, then more than this cell numbering be required for equilibrium.
The present invention combines electronic circuit according to conductive discharge, corresponding resistance can be carried out parallel connection, so as to adjust electric discharge electricity The size of stream, it is simple to operate, flexible.In addition, cell switch of the present invention selects electronic circuit, conductive discharge combination electronic circuit can With independent assortment, the variation of control mode is realized, meet the electric discharge demand under different mode.
Embodiment three
Embodiments of the invention three provide the control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, are right The further improvement of the control method of embodiment 2, in conjunction with Fig. 1, the concrete grammar of the present embodiment is:
S201, after the upper low-voltage of battery management system is started working, by monomer battery voltage Acquisition Circuit, survey Amount battery pack often saves the actual voltage value of cell, and stores;
S202, the monomer voltage to collecting are ranked up, and calculate battery pack highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer electricity Difference between pressure, and calculate the mean value between all cells of battery pack;
To the method that the monomer voltage for collecting is ranked up it is:The monomer voltage for collecting is placed on an one-dimension array In, the maximum and minimum of a value of monomer voltage are found out using the method for selected and sorted.
S203, the mean value of all monomer voltages are compared with minimum monomer voltage, if difference is less than to need to open Threshold value, then need not carry out equilibrium less than the cell of mean value in a balanced way.The mean value of all monomer voltages and highest list Bulk voltage compares, if difference need not carry out equilibrium less than threshold value in a balanced way is needed more than the battery of mean value;
If the difference of S204, minimum monomer battery voltage and mean value finds out needs equal more than threshold value in a balanced way is needed The minimum battery numbering of weighing apparatus, then more than this battery numbering be required for equilibrium, and its concrete grammar is:
First highest cell is discharged, such as the first batteries are highest monomer voltage that batteries (knot Close circuit Fig. 1) K1 is now closed, K5 selects the first batteries, closes K14, K15, and K16, K10, K11, K12, K13, according to reality Border needs to gate corresponding resistance gating switch, so that it is determined that the discharge current of cell, i.e. R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are in parallel Discharge loop is accessed, is discharged with maximum electric current, the voltage of highest cell can be lowered with the short time.
Then to it is secondary it is high discharge, if the pressure reduction of secondary high monomer voltage and mean value is more than opening threshold value 1, but it is little In threshold value 2, then K2, K6 (combined circuit Fig. 1 assumes that second section cell is secondary high), then can close can be closed K14, K15, K10, K11, K12, K13, i.e. R1, R2, R3, R5 are in parallel to access discharge loop, and discharge current accordingly reduces, put Electricity, the threshold value 1, threshold value 2 are the balanced differences opened of setting, namely open condition in a balanced way, and the grade of threshold value 1 is less than threshold The grade of value 2.
S205, circulate successively and the threshold requirement of setting is reached until all voltages.
Example IV
Embodiments of the invention four provide a kind of control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, The control method of the embodiment of the present invention is that combined circuit Fig. 1, if two with the difference of the control method of above-described embodiment three Section cell needs pressure reduction between equilibrium, and this two sections cell to be less than given threshold 3, and balanced pressure reduction both greater than sets Determine threshold value 1, less than given threshold 2, then equilibrium can be carried out simultaneously.K5 is closed such as, K6, K14 are to first segment cell Carry out balanced discharge;K7 is closed at, K8, K15, K16 carry out balanced discharge to Section of three cell.
Embodiment five
Embodiments of the invention five provide a kind of control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, The control method of the embodiment of the present invention is that combined circuit Fig. 1, if three with the difference of the control method of above-described embodiment three The adjacent cell of section needs equilibrium, and electric current needs little, and such as first, two, three sections then close K5, K8, K16, circuit R1, R4 constitutes discharge loop, carries out equilibrium.
Here is it should be noted that one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that whole in realizing above-described embodiment method Or part steps can be by program to instruct the hardware of correlation to complete, described program can be stored in a computer In read/write memory medium, described storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, disk, CD etc..
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment Limit, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification, Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack, it is characterised in that select son including cell switch Circuit, conductive discharge combination electronic circuit, monomer voltage collection electronic circuit and switch control rule drive sub-circuits;The cell Switch selects electronic circuit to be used for connecting the cell for needing electric discharge, and it is big that the conductive discharge combination electronic circuit is used for discharge current Little configuration, the monomer voltage collection electronic circuit are used for the actual voltage value that collection often saves cell, and it is equal to calculate needs The cell of weighing apparatus, the switch control rule drive sub-circuits control is corresponding to be switched, and carries out the equilibrium to cell;The list Body cell switch selects electronic circuit to include multiple cells and multiple cell gating switches, the cell and monomer Battery gating switch is directly connected, and when cell needs balanced, the cell being connected with cell two ends is gated Switch closure, by this section cell access discharge loop below;The conductive discharge combination electronic circuit includes multiple resistance And multiple resistance gating switches, the resistance is connected with resistance gating switch, when resistance gating switch corresponding with resistance is closed When, the resistance is accessed discharge loop;
When the cell for there are three sections adjacent needs balanced, then equilibrium is carried out using small current, close first segment and Section three The corresponding cell switch of cell selects the cell gating switch of electronic circuit, while accessing first segment and Section three The corresponding conductive discharge of cell combines the resistance gating switch of electronic circuit, accesses corresponding resistor and constitutes discharge loop, carries out It is balanced.
2. the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the monomer Battery gating switch and resistance gating switch are constituted by metal-oxide-semiconductor or solid-state relay.
3. the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the monomer Voltage collection circuit includes controller and lithium ion battery special chip, and the lithium ion battery special chip is single with every section respectively Body battery is connected, for gathering the voltage of each section cell;The controller is processed to the data for collecting, analysis Go out to need cell in a balanced way, then controlling switch control drive sub-circuits, closed pair answers the cell of cell to select Pass, resistance gating switch is opened up, makes cell and resistance constitute discharge loop, to high-tension cell equalization discharge.
4. according to any one of claim 1-3 the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack control method, Characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
(1) after the low-voltage on battery management system is started working, electronic circuit is gathered by monomer voltage, measurement battery pack is every The actual voltage value of section cell, and store;
(2) monomer voltage to collecting is ranked up, and calculates between battery pack highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage Difference, and calculate the mean value between all cells of battery pack;
(3) mean value of all monomer voltages is compared with minimum monomer voltage, when difference opens threshold in a balanced way less than needs During value, then equilibrium need not be carried out less than the cell of mean value;
(4) mean value of all monomer voltages is compared with highest monomer voltage, when difference is less than threshold value in a balanced way is needed, then greatly Equilibrium need not be carried out in the cell of mean value;
(5) when minimum monomer battery voltage and the difference of mean value are more than needs threshold value in a balanced way, needs are found out in a balanced way most Minor comonomer battery is numbered, then more than this cell numbering be required for equilibrium;
When the cell for there are three sections adjacent needs balanced, then equilibrium is carried out using small current, close first segment and Section three The corresponding cell switch of cell selects the cell gating switch of electronic circuit, while accessing first segment and Section three The corresponding conductive discharge of cell combines the resistance gating switch of electronic circuit, accesses corresponding resistor and constitutes discharge loop, carries out It is balanced.
5. the control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack according to claim 4, its feature exist In, in step (2), the method that the monomer voltage to collecting is ranked up is:The monomer voltage for collecting is placed on one one In dimension group, the maximum and minimum of a value of monomer voltage are found out using the method for selected and sorted.
6. the control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack according to claim 4, its feature exist In, in step (5), method is as follows in a balanced way:
(5-1) highest cell is discharged, and discharge loop is accessed by corresponding resistor in parallel according to discharge capacity, with maximum Electric current discharged;
(5-2) secondary high monomer battery is discharged, threshold value 1 is opened when secondary high monomer voltage is more than with the pressure reduction of mean value, but When being less than threshold value 2, then close the corresponding cell switch of time high monomer battery and select the cell gating of electronic circuit to open Close, be closed at the resistance gating switch that time corresponding conductive discharge of high monomer battery combines electronic circuit, will correspondence resistor coupled in parallel Discharge loop is accessed, is discharged, the threshold value 1, threshold value 2 are the balanced differences opened of setting, namely open bar in a balanced way Part, the grade of threshold value 1 are less than the grade of threshold value 2;
(5-3) circulate successively the threshold requirement of setting is reached until the voltage of all cells.
7. the control method of the equalizing circuit of switch arrays fast uniform battery pack according to claim 6, its feature exist In, in step (5), when there is two section cells to need balanced, between this two sections cell, pressure reduction is less than setting threshold Value 3, and balanced pressure reduction is both greater than given threshold 1, less than given threshold 2, then carries out equilibrium to two section cells simultaneously.
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CN106953386A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-14 镇江科信动力系统设计研究有限公司 The passive balance control system and its control method of a kind of battery bag
CN108199439A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-22 浙江正电信息科技股份有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery balanced device
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CN110729798B (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-01-29 溧阳中科海钠科技有限责任公司 Control method and control system for voltage consistency of sodium ion battery pack
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