JP2008101179A - Flame retardant based on vegetable oil and fat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a non-combustible, heat-resistant material that can be dried and molded at an ordinary temperature, using an environmentally friendly flame retardant based on a vegetable oil and fat, to also provide a fundamental technology for imparting flame retardance and heat resistance to a polymer material to which flame retardance has been imparted, and to further provide an ultra heat-resistant carbon superior to graphite by improving various characteristics including non-combustibility and ultra heat-resistance in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere by subjecting a material having been previously subjected to a flame-retardant treatment (material recycle) to thermal cracking, carbonization and firing. <P>SOLUTION: (1) The additive for imparting non-combustibility and flame-retardance to a material is prepared from a material comprising a soap material based on vegetable oil and fat containing lauric acid, water and a metal oxide inorganic filler. (2) The flame retardant comprises the soap material based on vegetable oil and fat containing lauric acid, PAC and the metal oxide inorganic filler. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

Industrial application fields

The objective is to achieve both flame retardancy and environmental protection based on vegetable oils such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil. This flame retardant is particularly compatible with emulsion polymers.
It is gentle to people and the environment, and it is possible to achieve its purpose at low cost.
It is also possible to form a heat non-melting and non-combustible aromatic coating film by a simple method on the interior wall or ceiling part where there is a concern about house fire. In particular, a nursing home for the elderly, and an elderly person living alone, who is afraid of fire, provides an effective method for easily applying a flame resistant coating to those dangerous areas. It is also possible to blend antibacterial and antibacterial agents and deodorizers.

Inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boric acid, water glass, phosphoric acid, chloride, etc., organic phosphates, bromine compounds, guanidines, etc. occupy the majority, and oil-based flame retardants derived from plants Currently, there is no such knowledge, and plant materials are degraded by microorganisms.

Problems to be solved by the invention

Select plant-based flame retardant compounds that are favorable to the environment. A composition blending ratio that increases the molecular weight is selected by selecting an inorganic compound that does not place a burden on the network environment with the selected plant compound. Neither of them should be expensive, and research into consideration of recyclability has begun.
In addition, when water resistance is also required, an emulsion polymer is mainly selected in consideration of the environment, and consideration is given to a combination of environmentally friendly materials. By this operation, a coating film or an adhesive having excellent compatibility is obtained, and an object is to obtain a material having a high level of heat resistance, flame retardancy, and incombustibility.

Means to solve the problem

As an effective material in the composition of the vegetable oil-based flame retardant of the present invention, coconut oil, palm kernel oil-based laundry soap powder, medicinal soap pulverized powder, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, polyaluminum chloride, alumina having a higher lauric acid content An effective and economical combination was found.
As mentioned above, it is a main raw material which comprises the said vegetable oil-based flame retardant.
(A) The weight ratio composition (representative example) and the blending procedure of the flame retardant SA are shown below.
Lauric acid-containing laundry powder soap (hereinafter abbreviated as S) 40 parts: Water 24 parts: Aluminum hydroxide 30 parts: Magnesium oxide 6 parts (parts by weight)
A-1, 40 parts of water is added to 40 parts of the soap bar, 30 parts of aluminum hydroxide is added and stirred well. When aluminum hydroxide is added, reaction heat (about 26-30 ° C. ±) is generated.
A-2, 6 parts of magnesium oxide is added and stabilized when the heat of reaction continues.
When this flame retardant composition (hereinafter abbreviated as SA) is applied as a coating to an adherend other than a metal or non-polar resin, it adheres to the adherend and the coating is interconnected and stabilized.
Even if this flame retardant coating film is irradiated with a 1,400 ° C. burner for 5 minutes, it does not burn and does not melt.

The weight ratio is not limited to S35 to 55 parts: water 20 to 30 parts: aluminum hydroxide 20 to 35 parts: magnesium oxide 2 to 8 parts. (Claim 1)

20 to 25 parts of the composition SA: 75 to 80 parts of an emulsion polymer are uniformly mixed.
Good compatibility and uniform compatibility due to the surface active effect of saturated fatty acids.
The dried coating is carbonized with 1400 ° C. burner surface irradiation for 30 seconds incombustible and smokeless.
Specimen emulsion polymer is acrylic, urethane, EVA, etc.

(B) SP weight composition ratio (representative example) of the flame retardant is shown below.
B-1, Powdered soap S15-20 parts: PAC 30-40 parts: Aluminum hydroxide 20-45 parts B-2, When PAC is added to S, a swelling reaction occurs temporarily. The swelling reaction is terminated by adding and stirring aluminum hydroxide during the reaction. Hereinafter, this composition is abbreviated as SP. (Claim 2)

SP18-25 parts: Emulsion polymer 75-82 parts uniformly blended.
If the amount of SP added is 22 parts or more, the emulsion polymer is non-flammable, non-melting, and smoke-free at 1,400 ° C. for 30 seconds, making it extremely flame-retardant. (Combustion certified vertical test UL94 V-0)
Specimen emulsion polymer is super flame retardant effective for acrylic, urethane, EVA, etc.

B-3, powdered soap S30 parts: PAC 50 parts: Emulsion polymer 20 parts are stirred uniformly.
The said composition was apply | coated to the surface layer of urethane foam material (closed cell body). Even after 20 seconds of indirect flame after drying the coating, the flammable foam material does not ignite, does not melt, is smokeless, and does not generate pyrolysis gas. (Blend material: acrylic emulsion heat-resistant 100 ° C class)

Action

Coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and animal fat-based solid soap (R-CH ₂ COOM) containing lauric acid 48% ± with 12 carbon atoms have a high moisture content and do not burn even when in contact with flames, but heat melt and flow with moisture In addition, when the moisture content is completely vaporized by continuous flame contact, it carbonizes due to flame contact.
On the other hand, synthetic laundry soap with a low lauric acid content burns by flame contact for only 2 seconds, but there is no flaming phenomenon. This phenomenon means that the amount of flammable decomposition gas generated from lauric acid (methyl acetate group) in soap components composed of neat soap is extremely small. Therefore, it can be judged that flammability and flame retardancy are affected by the content of lauric acid. However, liquid laundry detergents burn violently because they contain glycerin and alcohol as crystallization inhibitors.

Inferred from the reaction as described above, water-soluble inorganic polymer or metal oxide is contained in soap powder (crystal) made of crystallized neat soap containing 50% ± lauric acid (sodium carboxylic acid or potassium salt). A super-flame retardant or non-flammable composition can be obtained by mixing and mixing physical inorganic fillers.

By adding a compound in which lauric acid with a small amount of pyrolysis gas and a non-combustible inorganic polymer or metal oxide inorganic filler is mixed and mixed with the emulsion polymer in a weight ratio of 22% or more, the fatty acid in the polymer component is added. Surface active effect compatibilization combines lauric acid, inorganic polymer and organic polymer. This is presumed to be a positive synergistic effect between the high-molecular-weight heat-resistance improving effect, the reduction in the overall ratio of combustible polymer components, and the metal oxide inorganic filler distribution range occupancy.
It is considered that the flame retardant mechanism in the state of contact with flame suppresses the generation of decomposition gas in the oxidation reaction field polymer component due to dehydration endothermic reaction and blocks the heat propagation by the flame.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the case of 1st Example vegetable oil-based flame retardant composition SA of this invention is demonstrated.
1-1 Mixing ratio S35 parts: water 30 parts: aluminum hydroxide 28 parts: Mgo 7 parts (parts by weight)
1-2, add 30 parts of water to 35 parts of S, stir, and then add 28 parts of magnesium hydroxide and stir. At this point, add 7 parts of Mgo which generates reaction heat and stir uniformly.
1-3, This composition SA was applied to a piece of wood incombustible in that state with a metal spatula jig.
Natural drying time (temperature 26 ° C, humidity 72% ±) 4 hours. It adheres well to the adherend of wood and binds SA grains P to each other and retains the fragrance of the fragrance contained in the soap. The combustion test (1400 ° C burner irradiation flame contact for 2 minutes) was conducted after 8 hours. Results of SA coating film (thickness 2 mm ±) flame contact for 2 minutes.
Does not burn, carbonization depth is less than 1mm, no melting, no smoke. The adherend wood does not burn and is not damaged.

1-4 Mixing ratio S30 parts: water 28 parts: aluminum hydroxide 37 parts: Mgo 5 parts 1-5, 28 parts of water is added to S30 part and stirred, and then further 37 parts of aluminum hydroxide is added and stirred. At this point, heat of reaction is generated. Further, 5 parts of Mgo is added and stirred uniformly.
1-6, This composition SA is applied to the incombustible treated wood particle compact as described above with a gold spatula jig.
The coating film drying and combustion test were performed under conditions similar to those described above. It does not burn for 180 seconds, and has a carbonization depth of 1 mm, no melting and no smoke. The adherend wood particle compact does not burn and is not damaged.

1-6, blending (1-4) 25 parts of SA: 75 parts of urethane emulsion is stirred uniformly.
1-7, Test coating Apply once to brush adherence duralumin. No contact with flame for 20 seconds, carbonization, no melting, no smoke. 1 minute after completion of flame contact, measured duralumin untreated back surface temperature 630 ° C. ±.
It can be judged that a urethane coating film that can withstand a short time of over 630 ° C, that is, 300 ° C or higher, has been formed. Although conventional flame retardants such as phosphate esters contribute to flame retardancy, the heat resistance performance is generally inferior. However, the vegetable oil-based flame retardant of the present invention reliably improves the heat resistance performance according to the electric furnace. It is also proved by continuous heat test.

(Second embodiment)
Hereinafter, the case of this invention vegetable oil-based flame retardant composition SP is demonstrated.
2-1 Mixing ratio Powdered soap S22 parts: PAC 40 parts: Aluminum hydroxide 38 parts (weight ratio)
2-2 When PAC 40 parts are uniformly stirred with respect to S22 parts of powdered soap, it swells, but 38 parts of aluminum hydroxide is added and stirred uniformly to stabilize.

2-3 SP 20 parts of the above formulation: 80 parts of the acrylic emulsion is stirred uniformly.
The composition is chased and applied twice on both sides of the flame test specimen aluminum foil laminated PET nonwoven fabric.
After 15 hours of natural drying, a combustion test was conducted. (The combustion test uses a 1,400 ° C burner for 1 minute of irradiation contact)
Specimen PET nonwoven fabric carbonizes without burning. Carbonizes without burning aluminum foil.

2-4 SP25 part of the above formulation: 75 parts of EVA emulsion is uniformly stirred.
2-5 Combustion test It penetrates into the fabric by the operation of applying one side to the cotton fabric once.
After natural drying for 20 hours, a combustion test was conducted under the same conditions as described above. Cotton fabric does not burn and carbonizes.

2-6, powdered soap S25 parts: PAC 60 parts: Urethane emulsion 15 parts are stirred uniformly.
2-7, The combustion test body PE closed cell foam material is dipped in the composition and lightly squeezed to dry.
A combustion test was conducted under the same conditions as above. PE foam material that is weak to heat does not burn and smokeless carbonizes.

2-8, powdered soap S30 parts: PAC 55 parts: EVA emulsion 15 parts are uniformly stirred.
2-9, a two-layer film (coating thickness 0,4 mm ±) is formed on the surface layer of the combustion test specimen PS foam.
A combustion test was conducted under the same conditions as above. Normally, PS foam which simply raises black smoke and spreads and heat melts does not raise black smoke and does not burn, but heat shrinks after about 3 seconds. From this result, it can be judged that the super-flame retardant heat-resistant shield layer was formed from the polymer-compatible blend composition.

As an application of the present invention, a new material having characteristics and individuality according to each material that is carbonized and does not adhere to the hand when it is pyrolyzed by a method of forming a film on a combustible material that has been impregnated or coarsely pulverized into a combustible or heat-melting material. Various high-temperature oxidation-resistant heat-resistant carbon materials are born as new materials.
Moreover, since the raw material is not melted in the furnace for carbonization, the furnace is not damaged.

PAC is also a metal oxide semiconducting liquid, and depending on its content, the SP-containing coating film or adhesive exhibits a conductive function.

The application range of this technology is wide. Besides the super-flame retardant of emulsion polymer, solvent-based coating material is applied by industrial operation to remove the adsorbed moisture of the vegetable oil-based flame retardant particles of the present invention and finely pulverize (30μ ±). It is also effective for thermosetting resins and thermoplastic polymer systems. The reason is that compatibilization with the polymer is easy due to the surface active effect inherent in the oil and fat system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, specific configurations are not limited to the embodiments of the present invention, and additions and changes within the scope of the present invention are included in the present invention.

The invention's effect

In the composition ratio of the vegetable oil-based flame retardant of the present invention, there is a technically exquisite combination between the lauric acid-containing soapy material and the metal oxide inorganic polymer or metal oxide inorganic filler. Creation of super heat-resistant flame retardant material is the result of repeated creation and experimentation.

A heat-resistant and flame-retardant shield layer can be formed by simple coating for various materials that may be flammable. In the event of a fire, a fire spread prevention effect can be expected as a flameproof and smokeless fireproof paint.

In addition to flame-resistant shield paints, materials made by adding various kinds of polymers and thermosetting resins to the SP material of the present invention and certain inorganic fillers are hardened by heat non-melting, non-flammable, super heat-resistant materials ( Example: Acrylic resin, electric furnace continuous 24 hours heat test 400 ° C keep).

For the formation and sterilization function of medicinal incombustible coatings with excellent sterilization effect by combining benzalkonium chloride, alkylphosphorylated benzalkonium etc. Excellent super flame retardant polymer can be created. Effective as a ceiling or inner wall material for medical institutions such as medical facilities for the elderly.

The technical effect of pyrolytic carbonization in a high temperature oxidizing atmosphere under the conditions where the flame retardant of the present invention is fixed produces an excellent high temperature oxidation resistant super heat resistant material.
In addition, the finely pulverized fine particles of these materials exceeding the limits of use are various as non-combustible activated carbon, non-combustible heat-resistant filler, non-combustible conductive carbon material by the operation of carbonizing in the carbonization temperature range at 1000 ° C class. Can be reused. (Material recyclability)
Carbon materials that have been completely fired with pyrolysis are inactive and have the potential to become products that can be used for medical purposes.

Claims (2)

  A flame-retardant composition comprising a composite of a lauric acid-containing vegetable oil-based soapy material, water, and a metal oxide filler.   A flame retardant comprising a composite of a lauric acid-containing vegetable oil-based soapy material, PAC, and a metal oxide-based inorganic filler.