JP2008095702A - 沖合風力タービン、風力タービン、および風力エネルギー変換システム - Google Patents
沖合風力タービン、風力タービン、および風力エネルギー変換システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008095702A JP2008095702A JP2008003401A JP2008003401A JP2008095702A JP 2008095702 A JP2008095702 A JP 2008095702A JP 2008003401 A JP2008003401 A JP 2008003401A JP 2008003401 A JP2008003401 A JP 2008003401A JP 2008095702 A JP2008095702 A JP 2008095702A
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- B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
- B63B1/047—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with spherical hull or hull in the shape of a vertical ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
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- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
- B63B2001/044—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with a small waterline area compared to total displacement, e.g. of semi-submersible type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
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- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】各風力タービンは、システムの安定性を増すよう可動バラストウェイトを伴う半潜水ハルを含む。各風力タービンは、ウィンドシアーが高い電力生成性能を向上させるようタワー上に分配されたローターのアレイを有している。各ローターに関連する設備は、メタセンター高度を下げるようタワーのベースにできる限り多く配置される。タワーの底部に配置可能な設備には、電力電子コンバーター、直流/交流コンバーター、各ローターからタワーのベースに電力を伝える機械的リンケージを伴う発電機全体を含むことができる。これは、電力を岸へ送り戻すよりむしろ風力タービンのベースにおいてエネルギー集中水素ベース生成物を生成することを企図している。
【選択図】図2
Description
風力タービン設計のためのガイドライン(Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines)、ノルゥエイ船級協会(デト・ノルスケベリタス:Det Norske Veritas)、コペンハーゲンおよびリソ(Riso)国立研究所、デンマーク、2002年。
ハウイー(Hau、E.)、風力タービン―原理、技術、応用、および経済性(Windturbines - Fundamentals. Technologies, Application, and Economics)、スプリンゲルフェルラク(Springer Verlag)、ベルリン、ハイデルベルグ、2000年。
エッグレストンディー(Eggleston, D.)、ストッダードエフ( Stoddard, F.)、風力タービン技術設計(Wind Turbine Engineering Design)、バンノストランドレインホルド(Van Nostrand Reinhold)、ニューヨーク、1987年。
バートンティー(Burton, T.)、シャーペディー(Sharpe, D.)、ジェンキンスエヌ(Jenkins, N.)、ボッサーニイー(Bossanyi, E.)、風力エネルギーハンドブック(Wind Energy Handbook)、ジョンワイリーアンドサンズ(John Wiley & Sons)、ウェストサセックス、イギリス、2001年。
ガッシュアール(Gasch, R.)、トゥウェルジェイ(Twele, J.)、風力発電所―原理、設計、工事、および動作(Wind Power Plants - Fundamentals, Design, Construction, and Operation)、ソーラープラクシスエージー(Solarpraxis AG)、ドイツ、2002年。
フレリスエル(Freris, L.)、風力エネルギー変換システム(Wind Energy Conversion Systems)、プレンティスホールインターナショナル(Prentice Hall International)社、ロンドン、1990年。
ローソンケイ(Rawson, K.)、トゥッパーイー(Tupper, E.)、基本船舶理論(Basic Ship Theory)、アメリカンエルセヴィアーパブリッシング(American Elsevier Publishing)社、ニューヨーク、1968年。
Claims (56)
- 浮揚性外殻と、
所定位置で前記浮揚性外殻を固定するアンカーと、
前記浮揚性外殻から上向きに延びるタワーと、
前記タワーに取り付けられた多数の風力タービンローターと、
を備えたことを特徴とする沖合風力タービン。 - 前記外殻の浮心の下方位置で、前記浮揚性外殻へ取り付けられたバラストウェイトをさらに含む、請求項1の風力タービン。
- 前記バラストウェイトが、前記外殻に対して垂直方向に可動である、請求項2の風力タービン。
- 前記外殻上の垂直な外力の変化に応答して、前記バラストウェイトを垂直方向に移動させる制御装置をさらに含む、請求項3の風力タービン。
- 前記制御装置が、通過する波動に応答して、前記バラストウェイトを移動させる、請求項4の風力タービン。
- 前記制御装置が、潮の変化に応答して、前記バラストウェイトを移動させる、請求項4の風力タービン。
- 前記制御装置が、潮の変化に応答して、前記バラストウェイトを移動させる、請求項4の風力タービン。
- 前記ローター上の水平な空力的力の変化に応答して、前記バラストウェイトを垂直方向に移動させ、それによって、風力タービンのレイバック角度を安定させる制御装置をさらに含む、請求項3の風力タービン。
- 前記風力タービンローターの各々が、前記タワーに異なる高さで取り付けられ、各前記風力タービンローターが、その位置での風に最適化されている、請求項1の風力タービン。
- 前記風力タービンローターが可変ピッチブレードを含み、各前記風力タービンローターの動作が、その位置での風に最適化されるよう、前記風力タービンローターの各々のピッチ角を制御する制御装置をさらに含む、請求項9の風力タービン。
- 前記風力タービンローターが可変回転速度で動作し、各前記風力タービンローターの動作が、その位置での風に最適化されるよう、前記風力タービンローターの各々の回転速度を制御する制御装置をさらに含む、請求項9の風力タービン。
- 前記風力タービンローターが可変回転速度で動作し、各前記風力タービンローターの動作が、その位置での風に最適化されるよう、前記風力タービンローターの各々の回転速度を制御する制御装置をさらに含む、請求項10の風力タービン。
- 少なくとも2つの前記風力タービンローターが、その上の空力的力を変調するために制御され、それによって、少なくとも2つの前記風力タービンローターが、前記風力ローターへのヨーモーメントを提供するために使用可能である、請求項1の風力タービン。
- 前記少なくとも2つの風力タービンローターが互いに同じ高さにあり、さらに、他の前記多数の風力タービンローターより前記タワーから遠くに離れた位置に配置されている、請求項12の風力タービン。
- 前記風力タービンローターの方向付けと風向きとの間の角度差を測定し、さらに前記角度差を小さくする方向に、前記風力タービンを偏向させるよう、前記少なくとも2つの風力タービンローターを制御する、ヨー制御装置をさらに含む、請求項12の風力タービン。
- タワーと、
前記タワーに取り付けられた多数の風力タービンローターと、
前記多数の風力タービンローターからの電力を結合する、少なくとも一部分は、前記タワーの基底に位置している電力加算設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする沖合風力タービン。 - 前記ローターのそれぞれ1つにより生成された機械力を電力へ変換する、前記風力タービンローターの各々に関連づけられた発電機をさらに含み、さらに、前記発電機により生成された電力が前記タワーの基底で結合される、請求項15の風力タービン。
- 前記発電機の各々が所定周波数の交流電流を生成し、タワーの基底に位置する前記電力加算設備の前記部分が変圧器を含む、請求項16の風力タービン。
- 前記発電機の各々がランダムな周波数の交流電流を生成し、タワーの基底に位置する前記電力加算設備の前記部分が、各前記発電機により生成されたランダムな周波数の交流電流を所定周波数の交流電流に変換する、電力電子コンバーターを含む、請求項16の風力タービン。
- 前記発電機の各々が直流電流を生成し、前記発電機の各々からの直流電流が前記タワーの基底で結合される、請求項16の風力タービン。
- タワーの基底に位置する前記加算設備が、前記直流電流を、所定の周波数の交流電流に変換する、電力電子コンバーターを含む、請求項19の風力タービン。
- タワーの基底に位置する前記加算設備が、前記直流電流により動力を得る直流モーター、および所定周波数の交流電流を生成する前記直流モーターにより駆動される交流発電機を含む、請求項19の風力タービン。
- 前記タワーの基底に発電機をさらに含み、さらに、各前記ローターにより生成された機械力が前記タワーの底部に伝達され、前記発電機を駆動するために使われる、請求項15のタービン。
- 沖合に位置するタワーと、
前記タワーに取り付けられた多数の風力タービンローターと、
前記風力エネルギー変換システムが配置されている水から水素を生成する、前記多数の風力タービンローターにより生成された力を利用する処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 前記タワーが水の塩水塊内に配置され、さらに前記処理設備が、脱塩装置および電解装置を含む、請求項23の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 岸への輸送のための前記水素を貯蔵する貯蔵タンクをさらに含む、請求項24の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 浮動外殻と、
前記外殻から上向きに延びるタワーと、
前記タワーに取り付けられた風力タービンローターと、
前記風力エネルギー変換システムが配置されている水から水素を生成する、前記風力タービンローターにより生成された電力を利用する処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 前記タワーが水の塩水塊内に配置され、さらに前記処理設備が、脱塩装置および電解装置を含む、請求項26の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 岸への輸送のための前記水素を貯蔵する貯蔵タンクをさらに含む、請求項27の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 前記処理設備が、前記浮動外殻の内側部分に配置されている、請求項26のエネルギー変換システム。
- 沖合に位置するタワーと、
前記タワーに取り付けられた風力タービンローターと、
前記風力エネルギー変換システムが配置されている水から水素を生成するため、前記風力タービンローターにより生成された力を利用する主要処理設備と、
メタンを作成するために、前記水素に二酸化炭素を加える、2次処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 前記二酸化炭素が空気からスクラブ(scrub)される、請求項30のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記二酸化炭素が、前記タワーが配置されている水からスクラブ(scrub)される、請求項30のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記二酸化炭素が、陸上から前記風力エネルギー変換システムへ輸送される、炭酸カルシウムから抽出される、請求項30のエネルギー変換システム。
- 合成天然ガスを作成するために、前記メタンを水素で濃縮する第3の処理設備をさらに含む、請求項30の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 前記合成天然ガスを輸送し、それを陸上の既存の天然ガスパイプラインに注入する手段をさらに含む、請求項34の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 前記メタンを輸送し、それを陸上の既存の天然ガスパイプラインに注入する手段をさらに含む、請求項30の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 沖合に位置する多数の風力タービンと、
前記多数の風力タービンの位置により定義された領域内の沖合に配置された、中央処理プラントと、
前記多数の風力タービンにより生成された電力を、前記中央処理プラントへ伝送する伝送施設と、
前記風力タービンにより生成された電力を、水素ベースの生成物へ変換する前記中央処理プラントの処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする沖合風力タービン。 - 前記風力タービンが位置している水から水素を生成する前記多数の風力タービンの各々に配置された処理設備、および、前記多数の風力タービンの各々から前記中央処理プラントへ延びるパイプラインをさらに含む、請求項37の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 水素が、前記風力タービンおよび前記中央処理プラントが配置されている水を電解することにより生成される、請求項37の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントがアンモニアを生成する、請求項37のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが、液体のアンモニアを生成する、請求項40のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが、気体のアンモニアを生成する、請求項40のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが、固体の無水アンモニアを生成する、請求項40のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントがメタンを生成する、請求項37のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが合成天然ガスを生成する、請求項37のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが合成ガソリンを生成する、請求項37のエネルギー変換システム。
- 前記中央処理プラントが純粋な水素を生成する、請求項37のエネルギー変換システム。
- 多数の風力タービンと、
風力タービンに関連付けられた中央処理プラントと、
前記多数の風力タービンにより生成された電力を、前記中央処理プラントへ伝送する伝送施設と、
前記風力タービンにより生成された電力をメタンへ変換する、前記中央処理プラント内の処理設備と、
前記中央処理プラントを既存の天然ガスパイプラインへ接続し、これにより、前記メタンを天然ガスパイプラインへ注入可能とするパイプと、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 合成天然ガスを生成するために、前記中央処理プラント内に、前記メタンを水素で濃縮する追加的な処理設備をさらに含む、請求項48の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 各前記風力タービンが水素を生成する処理施設を含み、さらに前記多数の風力タービンにより生成された電力を中央処理プラントへ伝送する前記伝送施設が、各前記風力タービンと前記中央処理プラントの間に水素パイプラインを含む、請求項48の風力エネルギー変換システム。
- 前記多数の風力タービンおよび前記中央処理プラントが沖合に位置している、請求項48のエネルギー変換システム。
- 多数の風力タービンと、
風力タービンに関連付けられた中央処理プラントと、
前記多数の風力タービンにより生成された電力を前記中央処理プラントへ伝送する伝送施設と、
前記風力タービンにより生成された電力をアンモニアに変換する、前記中央処理プラント内の処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 前記多数の風力タービンおよび前記中央処理プラントが沖合に位置している、請求項52のエネルギー変換システム。
- 多数の風力タービンと、
風力タービンに関連付けられた中央処理プラントと、
前記多数の風力タービンにより生成された電力を、前記中央処理プラントへ伝送する伝送施設と、
前記風力タービンにより生成された電力を合成ガソリンに変換する、前記中央処理プラント内の処理設備と、
を備えたことを特徴とする風力エネルギー変換システム。 - 前記多数の風力タービンおよび前記中央処理プラントが、沖合に位置している、請求項54の風力エネルギー変換システム。
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WO2003076800A3 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
US20030168864A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
JP2005520088A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
ATE441030T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
JP4098724B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
AU2003213772A8 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
EP1483502B1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
EP1483502A2 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
WO2003076800A2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
AU2003213772A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
DE60328971D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
US7075189B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
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